TELKOM
NIKA Indonesia
n
Journal of
Electrical En
gineering
Vol. 14, No. 2, May 2015, pp. 311 ~ 31
7
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/telkomni
ka.
v
14i2.751
3
311
Re
cei
v
ed Fe
brua
ry 12, 20
15; Re
vised
Ap
ril 12, 201
5; Acce
pted
April 26, 201
5
Active Infrared Night Vision System of Agricultural
Vehicles
Haijun
Yue*
1
,
Haisheng Xin
2
Haij
un Yu
e, Co
lleg
e
of Ener
g
y
and T
r
ansportation En
gi
neer
i
ng, Inner Mo
ng
olia A
g
ricu
ltura
l
Univers
i
t
y
,
Hoh
hot, 010
01
8, Chin
a
*Corres
p
o
n
id
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: harris@im
au.
edu.cn
1
, xinh
ai
shen
g@im
au.e
du.cn
2
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Active infrare
d
nig
h
t vision sys
tem w
a
s sign
ifi
c
ant
for nig
h
t driving
and it h
a
s
been
greatly
used o
n
lim
ous
ine car.
Design activ
e
infrar
ed
night vision system
for
agricultural ve
hicles
greatly im
pr
oved the night
vision
of them
and it was an inevit
able trend. Com
p
aring param
e
ters
of v
a
rious night vision system
s and
designing
activ
e
infrar
ed ni
ght vision system
of agr
icul
t
u
ral vehicles was signific
ant for improv
ing ac
tive
security
of agricultural vehicles
working at
nighttime. By
analy
z
ing th
e
infr
ared night v
i
sion system bas
i
c
para
m
eters d
e
termine
d th
e structure for
m
a
nd b
a
sic
par
a
m
eters, c
a
lcu
l
a
t
ed the
infrar
e
d
li
ght w
a
ve w
i
d
th
and e
m
issio
n
pow
er to choo
se each co
mp
one
nts, desig
n
ed active i
n
frar
ed ni
ght visi
on
system’
s
struc
t
ure
and d
e
ter
m
i
n
e
d
para
m
eters o
f
agricultur
a
l ve
hicles.
Ke
y
w
ords
: agr
icultur
a
l vehicles, infrared ni
ght vision system
, active sec
u
r
i
ty
Copy
right
©
2015 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
Acco
rdi
ng to
the statisti
cs
by
Nation
Hi
ghway Traffic Safety Administratio
n
Bureau of
United State
s
, though nig
h
ttime only occupie
s
a qu
arter of the whol
e high
way transp
o
rta
t
ion,
but the
death
by car a
ccid
ent o
c
cupie
s
half pe
rc
ent
reach to
55%
[1]. The rea
s
on i
s
the
nig
h
t
vision ha
s b
een g
r
eatly shorten
ed; onl
y 80 metre
s
throug
h the l
a
mps. T
he car with
sho
r
ti
ng
vision
dista
n
ce an
d in
effect
ive co
ndition
on rain,
sno
w
night
or
heav
y mist a
r
e th
e
main
re
ason
s
of secu
rity [2]. Although the ni
ght vision system ha
s b
een used
wi
d
e
ly on limousi
ne ca
r and bu
s,
but still be bl
ank in the application of
agri
c
ultu
ral v
ehicl
es. T
he
agri
c
ultural v
ehicl
es
work at
nighttime m
o
st of the time,
doing research
works
on i
n
stalling night vision
sy
stem of agri
cultural
vehicle
s
, and
raisin
g its active secu
rity are very
impo
rtant. Most of the time agri
c
ultural vehicl
es
work o
n
ly at a ce
rtain a
r
e
a
, clo
s
ing h
e
adlight
when
it's ne
ce
ssary and l
eavin
g its night vi
sion
system
worki
ng
can
lo
we
r co
nsumin
g
of ele
c
tri
c
ity and
prolong
t
he life
of b
a
ttery, an
d
redu
ce
disturbing
civi
lians. Acco
rdi
ng to differen
t
circum
st
an
ces, d
r
iver
can
see
3-5 time
s far m
o
re th
an
lamp visio
n
, and be
safe i
n
spe
c
ial
we
ather. It is a
safety active
system
with great me
rit in
use
[3]. By analyzing th
e infra
r
ed
night visi
on sy
stem
b
a
si
c pa
ram
e
ters dete
r
min
ed the
stru
ct
ure
form an
d b
a
s
ic
pa
ramete
rs,
cal
c
ulate
d
the infra
r
e
d
light wave
width a
nd
e
m
issi
on
po
wer to
cho
o
se e
a
ch comp
onen
ts, de
sign
ed
active
infra
r
ed
night
vision
sy
stem
structu
r
e
a
n
d
para
m
eters o
f
agricultu
ral
vehicle
s
.
2. Choos
e Categ
o
ries of
Night Vision
Sy
stem
Night visi
on i
s
the
ability to see things i
n
the dark. No matter
biol
ogical or technologi
cal
method, nigh
t vision syst
em need
s to
satisf
y two con
d
ition
s
: enoug
h sp
ectrum scope a
n
d
enou
gh sp
ectral den
sity.
Eye is an optical sy
stem,
but only resp
ond
s to 380~780 nm visib
l
e
light. In the
night, 70%
spectra a
r
e
in
infra
r
ed
sco
pe [4]. Th
e i
n
frared
sp
ect
r
um
occu
pie
s
majority,
an
d
in starlig
ht night spe
c
tru
m
is
less, t
herefo
r
e
the
eyes have
not nig
h
t visi
on
function
s. Ag
ricultu
r
al ve
hi
cle
s
work
often in th
e ni
gh
t, choo
sin
g
a
ppro
p
ri
ate ni
ght vision
sy
stem
is ne
ce
ss
ary
.
In prin
ciple, i
n
frared nig
h
t vision sy
stem
con
s
is
t
s
of p
a
ssive infra
r
e
d
night vision
system
and a
c
tive infrared nig
h
t vision
system.
Passive i
n
fra
r
ed night visi
o
n
system
use
thermo im
agi
ng
came
ra
to
receive
infra
r
ed rays
ra
di
ating by
ani
mal an
d h
u
m
an b
e
ing
s
,
and
mag
n
ified to
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ISSN: 23
02-4
046
TELKOM
NI
KA
Vol. 14, No. 2, May 2015 : 311 – 317
312
displ
a
y. Thin
gs
with th
ermo a
r
e
sp
e
c
ial i
n
the
i
m
age
and
with
clea
r
contra
st, but
road
informatio
n in
detail su
ch a
s
traffic lan
e
line and b
oun
d
e
rs, a
r
e vagu
e due to little thermo [5].
2.1. Activ
e
In
frare
d
Nigh
t Vision Sy
stem.
Active infra
r
e
d
nig
h
t vision
system
u
s
e
near
infrare
d
light to lig
ht
obje
c
ts
and
CCD
or
CMOS came
ra catch the li
ght reflecte
d by the obj
ect
s
. After the processin
g
of ECU, the ima
g
e
sho
w
s on
mo
nitor
clea
rly a
nd natu
r
ally,
even the
obje
c
t with little h
eat, its pri
n
ci
ple a
s
Fig
u
re
1.
The active infrared imag
e need
s infrared radiato
r
, especi
a
lly in long-dista
n
ce the po
we
r of
radiato
r
sho
u
ld be
stron
g
e
noug
h, and d
e
tect di
stan
ce sh
ouldn’t b
e
too lon
g
, most of the tim
e
its
a few hun
dre
d
meters. Active infrare
d
ni
ght vision
sy
stem is suitabl
e for agri
c
ultu
ral vehicl
es to
o.
From t
he
structure, i
n
frared
lamp gives
off special
wave of
ray
s
and illuminating 0-200m
in front of the
car
and m
e
a
n
time obje
c
ts give off
infrared rays in th
e are
a
incl
ud
ed, the infra
r
ed
ray reflected by the objects
will be absorbed by the black-
white camera and becoming
the
resou
r
ce of i
m
age. In p
r
e
v
enting di
sad
v
antageo
us
i
n
fluen
ce, infrared filte
r
sh
ould b
e
put b
e
fore
black-white
camera to pre
v
ent other ray
s
, only
near i
n
frared ray
s
can go thro
ug
h. When the rays
reflecte
d by obje
c
ts filtere
d
by the infra
r
ed filt
er, the
infrared ima
g
e sign
al goe
s into the black-
white
cam
e
ra. The
black-white
came
ra ca
n transf
e
r the
infra
r
e
d
sig
nal i
n
to
elect
r
ical si
gnal,
electri
c
al
sign
al pro
c
e
s
sed
by video circu
i
t and
displ
a
yed in the ca
r to provide o
b
serving [6].
Figure 1. Prin
ciple of Active Infrare
d
Nig
h
t Vision System
2.2. Passiv
e
Infrare
d
Nig
h
t Vision Sy
stem.
Passive
infra
r
ed sy
stem n
e
ed no
ra
diato
r
sour
ce, it d
epen
ds
on ta
rget itself. It depen
ds
on the temp
e
r
ature and
ra
dian
ce differe
nce
s
am
ong
obje
c
ts, nam
ely heat ca
m
e
ra
re
ceive the
far infra
r
ed li
ght of huma
n
being o
r
a
n
i
m
al and
out
p
u
t after proce
ssi
ng, the im
age in
clud
es
the
heat inform
ation, so the p
a
ssive infra
r
ed night
visi
on syste
m
come into bei
ng. The pa
ssive
infrared sy
stem image in
clud
e target
and its ba
ckgrou
nd, the
differen
c
e i
s
the foundatio
n of
passive inf
r
ared sy
stem, th
e ra
diation
of target
and it
s ba
ckg
r
ou
nd
passe
s th
rou
gh atmo
sp
he
re
after being a
b
s
orbed a
nd sprea
d
then g
oes into h
eat came
ra. So it is unsuitable
a little.
2.3. Compari
s
on
w
i
th Pas
s
iv
e and Activ
e
Infrared Night Vision
Sy
stem.
Passive
infra
r
ed
night
vision
sy
stem
re
ceive
s
th
e infra
r
e
d
radiation
com
i
ng fro
m
different obje
c
ts with diffe
rent ene
rgy and amplifie
s the signal to sho
w
on displ
a
y finally. In
passive infra
r
ed night visio
n
system the
object
su
ch
as ped
est
r
ian
with heat display obviou
s
ly
and
with high
contrast, b
u
t vague
whe
n
sho
w
the
obj
ects of
ci
rcu
m
stan
ce with heatle
ss.
Pa
ssive
infrared nigh
t vision syst
em req
u
ire
s
much in h
a
rd
wa
re, an
d the qualit
y of image has
sho
r
tco
m
ing
s
. The ratio
of
perfo
rma
n
ce
to pri
c
e i
s
lo
w, and it
can
not sati
sfy the nee
ds
of ni
ght
vision
syste
m
[7]. Beca
use
of
agri
c
ultural
vehicl
es i
n
a
cert
ain a
r
ea,
th
e ci
rcum
stan
ce
of
perip
he
ry is the main targ
et of its obse
r
vation. In
ad
dition, the no
ise of ag
ricultural vehi
cle
s
is
highe
r, the hearin
g of driver ca
nnot re
ach it and vi
sion is its on
ly information
source, so t
hat
passive ni
ght
vision
syste
m
is o
b
viou
sl
y not suit
abl
e
.
Active night
vision
syste
m
ha
s the
cl
ear
informatio
n of periph
e
ry an
d its co
st is lo
wer,
an
d it sh
ould be
cho
s
en for ag
ricultural vehi
cle
s
.
3. Compone
nts and
Calc
ulations
3.1. Camera
T
y
pe
Re
ceiver of infrared night
vision syste
m
is
came
ra.
Currently the key of night vision
system i
s
th
e two pa
ram
e
ters
of ima
ge sen
s
ors
and they det
ermin
e
the
whol
e functio
n
of
system. They
determin
e
the system p
e
rforman
c
e.
Se
nsitivity determines th
e visible are
a
s a
n
d
signal-to-noi
se determine
the ab
ility to prevent di
zzy when in
front
of another night vision
system. Th
e
most p
opula
r
image
se
nso
r
is
a CCD
wi
th sen
s
itivity 50 V/(lxs) an
d limited
sign
al-
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TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Active Infra
r
e
d
Night Visio
n
System
of Agricultural V
ehicl
es (Haij
u
n
Yue)
313
to-noi
se,
only
50
dB. In
co
ntrast, th
e
CMOS im
a
ge sensors app
ea
red
la
st
few
y
ears have mo
re
advantag
e, with sen
s
itivity 5 V/(lxs) a
n
d
sig
nal
-to
-
n
o
ise
of 120
d
B
. The low
p
o
we
r, integ
r
a
t
e
d
and
sm
all p
h
y
sical
ap
pea
rance
can
b
e
expecte
d o
n
l
y
from CM
OS
imag
e sen
s
o
r
s. CM
OS
im
age
sen
s
o
r
s
ca
n
be mad
e
into
the button si
ze, in ad
ditio
n
to infra
r
ed
minimized p
r
odu
cts a
nd hi
gh-
performance
battery, the se
curity of agri
c
ultural vehicl
es in
nighttime will be improved greatly.
Night visi
on
system adopts cam
e
ra
with lowe
r illumination in
black-
white series
usually
rea
c
h 0.00
3l
ux-0.001l
ux. Meantime in
determini
ng
minimum ill
umination th
e F in apert
u
re
sho
u
ld be
det
ermin
ed, a
s
it and minim
u
m illuminatio
n
are imp
o
ttan
t
param
eters. F is the ratio
of
focu
s of
cam
e
ra to
cali
be
r gap, n
a
mely
F=d/
D.
Wh
en
F de
crea
se
s, the calibe
r
of
gap i
n
crea
se
s
and th
e b
r
ig
h
t
ness of
imag
ing al
so
in
cre
a
se
s. A
c
tive
i
n
frared night vision syste
m
ha
s
to
cho
s
e
came
ra le
ns
with active ap
erture to fit fo
r circ
um
stan
ce with gre
a
t chang
e of bea
m brightn
e
ss.
In
Enginee
ring
most of the time F=1.2
-
1.6
active ape
rtu
r
e len
s
can b
e
expecte
d. Target dim
e
n
s
i
on
is
the important fac
t
or to
determ
in
e effe
ct of ni
ght vision
system
imaging.
With
the in
crea
se
s of
target dime
nsion the cle
a
rn
ess of imagin
g
become
s
m
o
re an
d more
clear, an
d the area of a
c
tive
increa
se al
so
. In enginee
ri
ng 1/3 in
ch
CCD i
s
the
first choi
se tho
u
g
h
lumino
us fl
ux and an
gle
of
view ca
n’t re
ach 1/2 in
ch
CCD, but it has go
od
cost
perform
an
ce
. Depth-width
ratio of cam
e
ra
picture is 4:3
,
1/3 inch CC
D with width
of 8.47mm and depth
6.3
5
mm. To avoid the vague in
image
due
to
focu
s
ch
angi
ng, the fo
cu
s doe
sn’t
ch
an
ge m
o
st
of th
e time, visi
on
is f
r
om
15m
to
infinite dista
n
c
e. Fo
cu
s
of cam
e
ra ma
y determi
ne
by f=H1×L/H2, H1
is th
e
hight
of target
dimen
s
ion,
H2 the a
c
tual
hight an
d L t
he di
st
an
ce
betwe
en o
b
je
cts a
nd
cam
e
ra. In
ca
se f
r
om
15m to
came
ra, ima
g
e
of
obje
c
t with
h
e
ight 2
m
o
ccupie
s
9
0
% th
e whole
hei
g
h
t of target t
hen
f=6.35
×0.9
×1
5/2
≈
43
mm we can g
e
t thro
ugh calculatio
n.
3.2. Monitor
T
y
pe
Surro
undi
ng
s are
mo
re
co
mplicate
d
at
nightti
me,
ch
ange
of clair-obscu
re and
the
limit
of infrare
d
light may lead to low sig
nal-t
o
-
noi
se
and contra
st
. For the follow-up pi
ctu
r
e
pro
c
e
ssi
ng
a
nd di
spl
a
y, n
eed to
bo
ost t
he pi
cture.
Lo
w
contrast
is
the mo
st imp
o
rtant
cha
r
a
c
t
e
r,
often ad
opt
a
n
a
s
h
deg
re
e
pull a
nd
stretch to
b
o
o
s
t
th
e infrare
d
pi
ct
ure, im
prove picture co
ntra
st
degree. Gray-scale valu
e adju
s
tm
ent d
e
crea
se
s its low value a
n
d
incre
a
ses its
high value.
Figure 2. Con
t
rast of Image
Gray-scale V
a
lue after Bo
osted
Figure 3. Con
t
rast of Image
Definition after Boo
s
ted
Figure 2 a
nd
Figure 3 a
r
e t
he contra
st o
f
gray-s
cale v
a
lue a
nd defi
n
ition. It is cl
ear that
the mo
re
cle
a
r
pi
cture b
o
o
s
ted, the b
e
tter of laye
r, p
e
destri
an
and
driveway line
is al
so
bri
ght
er
,
easy to ob
se
rve. Acco
rding
to image bef
ore a
nd
after,
the boo
sted i
m
age di
strib
u
t
ing gray-scal
e
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TELKOM
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KA
Vol. 14, No. 2, May 2015 : 311 – 317
314
value equ
ality. And also
by narrowba
nd filter
prevents visibl
e li
ght and
can
c
el envi
r
onm
ent
influen
ce to the definition. Use
infrared filters to filter non-i
m
ag
e wavelength lig
ht of environment
and the lig
ht from a
nothe
r
vehicle in f
r
o
n
t. Strengthe
n the anti- int
e
rferen
ce tha
t
the night vision
system ability. Use polari
zation to fix polarizer a
nd test plate in front of
laser
projector and CCD
camera, to illuminate the i
n
fluence from
the same
kind night vision
system [8].
3.3. Calculati
on of Infrar
e
d
Light Wav
e
Width
The de
sig
n
o
f
infrare
d
lam
p
is the n
u
cl
e
u
s of
a
c
tive n
i
ght vision
system; it can
dire
ctly
influen
ce the
distan
ce i
n
ef
fective and
cl
earn
e
ss
of im
age et
c. dire
ctly. The infrared lamp i
s
th
e
key pa
rt of the nig
h
t vision sy
stem; its qu
ality
dire
ctly influen
ce
s the fun
c
tio
n
of the who
l
e
system.
Now
three
kind
s a
r
e in u
s
e: hal
o
gen
s lamp, la
ser
bea
m lam
p
and i
n
fra
r
e
d
light-e
mitting
diode (LED). The halog
e
n
s infra
r
e
d
lamp incl
ud
s infrare
d
filter, abso
r
bi
ng
visible light and
sending out near infrared light. Most of car illumi
nate l
a
mp is hal
ogens lam
p
, it sends out of ray
inclu
d
ing
con
t
inuou
s sp
ect
r
um of visibl
e light and
n
ear inf
r
ared l
i
ght, and the
near i
n
fra
r
e
d
exportation
g
r
eatly an
d ta
ke up
1/3 p
e
rcent of
the tot
a
l ene
rgy a
r
o
und.
We
cho
o
se
the inf
r
ared
ray filter of different wave
-length a
nd
different
ban
dwidth a
c
cording to need
s. Active infrare
d
night sy
stem
mostly ado
pts hal
ogen
s light as
inf
r
ared light
source
cu
rre
n
t
ly; it has the
cha
r
a
c
ters
of far lig
ht di
stance, continu
ous
wave-le
n
g
th, small
ph
ysical
volume
and
unifo
rmi
t
y
etc. an
d di
sa
dvantage
of short lif
e, a
bou
t 8000
hou
rs.
Com
m
on i
n
frared
LED ha
s little cost, hi
gh
reliability,
wid
e
light
be
am and sho
r
t
pro
j
ecting di
sta
n
c
e
cha
r
a
c
terit
i
cs, m
o
stly is use
d
for
sh
o
r
t
dist
an
ce ni
gh
t
v
i
sion sy
st
e
m
,
just
ac
cor
d
s wit
h
cha
r
a
c
t
e
ri
st
ic
s of
a
g
ric
u
lt
ur
al v
ehicle
s
s.
B
u
t
lase
r
beam lam
p
h
a
s the
stro
ng
brightn
e
ss,
corre
c
t
directi
on, narro
w b
eam
(about 0
.
1-0.2 de
gre
e
s
)
and lo
ng p
r
oj
ecting
dista
n
c
e, but m
o
re
expen
sive
, a
pplicable to l
ong visi
on
system. Thi
s
ki
nd
system
cu
rre
n
tly only ha
s
minority do
m
e
stic at t
he
d
e
velopme
n
t factory, a
nd m
o
stly u
s
e fo
re
ign
semi
-cond
uct
o
r
l
a
ser
LED and
i
s
n
'
t suitable for the
u
s
e of agri
c
ult
u
ral vehi
cles.
For the bea
m is
very con
c
e
n
trated, therefo
r
e it expand t
he ray
throug
h dissipatin
g
equipm
ent to
spread
with a
certai
n a
ngle.
Whe
n
choi
ce the
se
ctor
angle th
e di
sturbing
amo
n
g
syst
em ha
s to be
clea
ne
d.
For the
ag
ricultural vehi
cle
s
infrare
d
nig
h
t visi
on
syst
em bein
g
visi
ble in 2
0
m
should
be n
e
e
ded,
so we
defin
e
15 m
from vehicle
4 m wide
be
am
i
s
n
eed
ed. F
r
om Fig
u
re 4
we
can
get
the
infrared secto
r
angle [9].
1
.
15
55
.
7
2
15
2
arctan
2
2
So the beam width at 20 m is
3
.
5
65
.
2
2
55
.
7
tan
20
2
w
. Ac
c
o
rding to the
experie
nce of
cu
rrent ni
ght
vision
sy
ste
m
some
re
ach to 2
00
m; it ca
n
satisfy t
he infrared
ni
ght
vision sy
stem
need
s.
Figure 4. Cal
c
ulatio
n of Infrared Secto
r
Angle
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TELKOM
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ISSN:
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Active Infra
r
e
d
Night Visio
n
System
of Agricultural V
ehicl
es (Haij
u
n
Yue)
315
3.4. Calculati
on of Infrar
e
d
Light Emission Po
w
e
r
Power of inf
r
ared light
so
urce is
rel
a
ted to minimum
illumination.
Minimum illumination
in theo
ry sta
nd for
CCD
sen
s
o
r
sen
s
it
ivity of circu
m
stan
ce li
ght
. The value
decrea
s
e
wit
h
the
light, and th
e
sen
s
itivity incea
s
e. T
he l
a
se
r rada
r
fu
nction
al di
sta
n
ce
ca
n g
e
t
from the foll
o
w
equatio
n [10-12]:
(
1
)
In equation,
r
P
-power of e
c
h
o
sign
al,
t
P
-em
m
ition po
wer
of infrare
d
lig
ht sou
r
ce,
1
A
T
-ai
r
transmiss
ion ratio of transmitter to objec
ts
,
t
-transmission
ratio of infr
ared light source op
sta
c
l
e
sy
st
em,
T
-widt
h
angle
of infrared light
sou
r
ce,
1
R
-di
s
t
ance from o
b
ject
s to infrared li
ght
sou
r
c
e
,
- sect
ion of
obje
c
ts refle
c
tion,
2
A
T
-
a
ir
tr
an
smiss
i
on
r
a
tio o
f
trans
m
itter to objec
ts
,
2
R
-
distan
ce fro
m
object
s
to re
ceiver,
r
D
-ape
rture of camera lens,
r
- air transmi
ssion
ratio.
In night visi
o
n
sy
stem, are
a
re
ached
by in
frared li
ght
sou
r
ce m
a
y image i
n
cam
e
ra. F
o
r
the light
ray
s
di
strib
u
tion
functio
n
i
s
equalit
y, obj
ect i
s
e
quiv
a
lent to
exp
and
obje
c
t f
o
rm.
Acco
rdi
ng to
width
light
rays,
cal
c
ul
a
t
ed radiu
s
o
f
are
a
from
infra
r
ed
lig
ht so
urce
is
R
=20
0
×t
a
n
(7.
5
5°)
≈
26.5m.
F
r
om ta
rget
d
e
mention
an
d len
s
fo
cu
s,
the maxim
u
m imagi
ng
ra
dius
from 200m i
s
c=19.7m.
For the difference bet
wee
n
obje
c
ts of imaging
syst
em and La
n
gbo
obje
c
ts of normal expan
sio
n
. To increa
se t
he video lu
minou
s flux matchin
g
co
e
fficient
C
is
:
(
2
)
Actual i
rra
dia
t
ion po
we
r in
imagin
g
eq
u
i
pment
C
P
P
t
t
'
, Accordin
g a
nalysis a
bove, in
(1) p
r
edi
ge
st:
(
3
)
- spectrum
reflectivity of object, factory
of cam
e
ra only prov
ide mi
nimum
illumination
Lmin to reference, powe
r
of light source a
nd lumi
nou
s flux can transfe
r th
roug
h sp
ect
r
um
luminou
s effica
cy
charact
e
risti
cs. For the
maxi
mu
m of lumin
o
us
effica
cy is a fu
nctio
n
of
adaptin
g sta
ndard
chan
g
i
ng, ch
osi
n
g
550n
m spe
c
trum l
u
min
ous
effica
cy maximum
m
K
=68
3
lm/W. CCD
cam
e
ra
matchin
g
pa
rameter
with 8
50nm inf
r
are
d
light so
urce
is 0.35 a
bou
t,
so the calcula
t
ion is:
(
4
)
In equation
S
=6.35×8.47
×1
0-6
=
0.00
005
38
2
m
is the CCD image targ
et dimensi
on.
(2)
and (4
) put in
to (3):
(
5
)
Put
R
=200
m,
A
T
=
0
.9,
=
0
.5,
r
D
=0.01m,
t
=
r
=
0
.8,
C
=0.55,
=0.
3
5,
min
L
=
0
.0
01
lu
x a
nd
m
K
=683lm/W int
o
(5)
:
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TELKOM
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Vol. 14, No. 2, May 2015 : 311 – 317
316
W
P
t
53
.
2
8
.
0
01
.
0
5
.
0
9
.
0
55
.
0
200
4
35
.
0
683
10
38
.
5
001
.
0
2
2
2
2
5
To determine
the powe
r
of infrared light
sou
r
ce is P=3
W
[13-15].
4. Installatio
n
on Agricul
t
ural Vehicle
Infrare
d
cam
e
ra eq
uipme
n
t fixed at middle re
arvie
w
mirro
r of the cab, in this way the
good
sight di
stan
ce an
d visual a
ngle coul
d be expe
cted, and n
o
influence or damage fro
m
atmosp
he
re such a
s
rain a
nd fog. Install
a
tion si
d
e
ele
v
ation in Figu
re 5(a), came
ra longitu
dina
l
dire
ction a
ngl
e with h
o
ri
zo
ntal line is
, the hight i
s
h
from the earth, ai
m sweep
ang
le of cam
e
ra
is
. Infrared camera equip
m
ent fixed planform in Fi
gure 5
(
b
)
, ca
mera lon
g
itu
d
inal directio
n
hori
z
ontal
sweep angl
e is
, and
with the middle line of
vehicle.
All the installatio
n
param
eters
are different among vehi
cl
es, and they
sho
u
ld
be mo
dulated ma
ny times then m
ade certain.
Figure 5. Fixing Param
e
ters on Agri
cultu
r
al Vehi
cle
s
5. Conclusio
n
Currently, more and more car manufactur
ers dev
elope
d vario
u
s infrare
d
n
i
ght vision
system
to im
prove
se
cu
rit
y
. But for the
co
st
rea
s
o
n
, larg
e m
anuf
acturer ju
st a
dopted
luxuri
ous
car with
nig
h
t vision
system. Comp
aring pa
ram
e
ters of vario
u
s
nig
h
t visio
n
syste
m
s
a
nd
desi
gning a
c
tive infrared
night vision
system
of agri
c
ultu
ral vehicl
es was significa
nt for
improvin
g a
c
t
i
ve se
cu
rity o
f
agri
c
ultu
ral
vehicl
e
s
wo
rking at
nightti
me. By analy
z
ing
the i
n
fra
r
ed
night vision
system b
a
si
c par
am
eters
determi
ned t
he structu
r
e
form and
ba
sic p
a
ramete
rs,
cal
c
ulate
d
th
e infrare
d
lig
ht wave
width an
d e
m
issi
on p
o
wer to
ch
oo
se
ea
ch comp
onent
s,
desi
gne
d a
c
tive infrared ni
ght vision
system stru
ct
u
r
e
and in
stallati
on pa
ram
e
ters on
ag
ricultu
r
al
vehicle
s
, m
o
dulated
ma
n
y
times till
m
ade th
em
ce
rt
ain. In the
trial vehi
cle, th
e infrare
d
nig
h
t
vision syste
m
worked well and co
nform
to the requi
re
ment of proje
c
t. Adopting active infrare
d
night vision
system for ag
ri
cultural vehicl
es
is a
n
inevitable tren
d an
d signifi
cant.
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ements
Tech
nolo
g
y item of hi
ghe
r
edu
cation
of Inner Mo
ngoli
a
Autono
mou
s
Regi
on: Re
sea
r
ch
on Agri
cultural Vehicle
s
Li
ght and Sign
al Ac
tive Security System (NJ100
50,20
1
0
-20
1
3
)
.
Referen
ces
[1]
Lib
o
Lv. Pene
trate Night E
y
es-App
l
y
in
g a
nd Dev
e
lo
pme
n
t in Nig
ht Vi
sion T
e
chno
lo
g
y
.
Fo
reign
T
e
chno
logy Ob
servin
g
. 200
0; (1): 34-38.
[2]
Qi Yao, Yand
an Li
n. Night
Vision T
e
chnolo
g
y
D
e
ve
lop
m
ent of Automobil
e
s.
Lamp-House an
d
Lig
h
ting.
2
008;
(4): 25-29.
[3]
Xi
ng
hua
n Guo.
Principl
e an
d Appl
yi
ng of Au
tomobi
le Ni
ght
Vision S
y
stem
.
Automotiv
e
Mainte
nanc
e.
200
0; (8): 48-5
0
.
[4]
Optics C. A Basic Gu
ide to Ni
ght Visio
n
.
YUKON Advanced Optics.
2006
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TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
2302-4
046
Active Infra
r
e
d
Night Visio
n
System
of Agricultural V
ehicl
es (Haij
u
n
Yue)
317
[5]
Haish
e
n
g
Xin, Haij
un
Y
ue,
D
ongm
ei.
Param
e
ters
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i
g
h
t Visi
on Syste
m
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i
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i
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hen
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uan
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w
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e
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i
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a
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i
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Dev
e
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opme
n
t of
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w
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y
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h
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h
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h
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u
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T
E
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Aque
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