I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
pu
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
2
,
N
o
v
em
b
e
r
20
24
,
p
p
.
1
0
9
2
~
1
104
I
SS
N:
2
502
-
4
7
52
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijee
cs
.v
3
6
.
i
2
.
pp
1
0
9
2
-
1
1
0
4
1092
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ee
cs
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Im
pro
v
ed sea
rch
metho
d f
o
r
clas
sif
ied reusa
ble
com
po
nents on
clo
ud com
puting
Adna
n Ra
wa
s
h
deh
1
,
M
o
u
ha
m
m
d Alka
s
a
s
s
beh
2
,
Ra
dwa
n
Dwa
i
ri
1
,
H
a
ni Abu
-
Sa
lem
3
,
H
a
s
hem
Al
-
M
a
t
t
a
rneh
4
1
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
I
T
a
n
d
C
S
s,
Y
a
r
m
o
u
k
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
,
I
r
b
i
d
,
J
o
r
d
a
n
2
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
P
r
i
n
c
e
ss S
u
mm
a
y
a
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
f
o
r
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
A
mm
a
n
,
Jo
r
d
a
n
3
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
o
f
S
o
u
t
h
C
a
r
o
l
i
n
a
,
A
i
k
e
n
,
U
S
A
4
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
C
i
v
i
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
H
i
j
j
a
w
i
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
f
o
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Y
a
r
m
o
u
k
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
I
r
b
i
d
,
J
o
r
d
a
n
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Dec
5
,
2
0
2
3
R
ev
is
ed
J
u
l
21
,
2
0
2
4
Acc
ep
ted
J
u
l
29
,
2
0
2
4
Ex
p
a
n
d
i
n
g
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
ts
to
a
c
c
o
m
m
o
d
a
te
h
u
g
e
a
m
o
u
n
ts
o
f
re
u
sa
b
le
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
a
lo
n
g
wit
h
a
ss
o
c
iate
d
m
a
in
ten
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
e
v
o
lu
ti
o
n
re
sp
o
n
si
b
il
it
ies
h
a
s
b
e
c
o
m
e
d
iff
icu
lt
a
n
d
c
o
stl
y
f
o
r
so
ftwa
re
o
rg
a
n
i
z
a
ti
o
n
s
t
o
c
o
p
e
with
,
wh
i
le
b
e
n
e
fit
s
a
re
li
m
it
e
d
to
o
w
n
e
r
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
s.
T
h
e
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
o
f
o
rg
a
n
izin
g
re
u
sa
b
le
a
ss
e
ts
so
t
h
a
t
fin
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
rig
h
t
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
n
e
e
d
e
d
h
a
s
a
lwa
y
s
b
e
e
n
a
b
i
g
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
.
Th
e
li
tera
t
u
re
o
f
so
ftwa
re
re
u
se
lac
k
s
a
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
se
a
rc
h
m
e
th
o
d
th
a
t
is
e
fficie
n
t
a
n
d
c
o
v
e
rs
th
e
e
n
t
i
re
sy
ste
m
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
l
ifec
y
c
le
(
S
DLC
)
.
Th
is
re
se
a
rc
h
wo
r
k
a
tt
e
m
p
ts
t
o
m
a
k
e
a
n
e
fficie
n
t
u
se
o
f
th
e
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
d
v
a
n
tag
e
s
a
n
d
t
h
u
s,
e
n
c
o
u
ra
g
e
s
th
e
m
ig
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
re
u
sa
b
le co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
to
t
h
e
c
lo
u
d
s.
T
h
e
m
a
in
ten
a
n
c
e
,
t
h
e
se
a
rc
h
p
ro
c
e
ss
a
n
d
c
o
st
-
re
late
d
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
e
n
c
o
u
n
tere
d
with
tra
d
it
i
o
n
a
l
in
-
h
o
u
se
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
c
a
n
b
e
re
so
lv
e
d
c
o
n
c
lu
si
v
e
ly
o
n
th
e
c
lo
u
d
.
Th
i
s
re
se
a
rc
h
wo
rk
p
ro
p
o
se
s
a
m
u
lt
i
-
c
las
sifica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
l
u
ste
rs
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
t
o
m
ig
ra
te
re
u
sa
b
le
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
t
o
t
h
e
c
lo
u
d
.
Ac
c
o
rd
i
n
g
l
y
,
it
a
p
p
l
ies
in
d
e
x
i
n
g
p
ro
c
e
ss
to
c
las
sified
re
u
sa
b
le
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
a
c
h
ie
v
in
g
e
fficie
n
t
s
e
a
rc
h
.
In
a
d
d
it
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
a
d
o
p
ts
a
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
S
D
LC
-
b
a
se
d
c
las
sifica
ti
o
n
t
o
o
rg
a
n
ize
re
u
sa
b
l
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
so
th
a
t
se
a
rc
h
in
g
a
n
d
fin
d
i
n
g
a
n
a
p
p
r
o
p
riate
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
b
e
c
o
m
e
s
a
n
e
a
sy
tas
k
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
fa
c
t
it
i
s
b
o
u
n
d
t
o
th
e
p
a
rti
c
u
lar
u
n
d
e
rg
o
i
n
g
p
h
a
se
.
Clo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
t
in
g
p
ro
v
i
d
e
s
m
o
re
sto
ra
g
e
a
n
d
re
so
u
rc
e
s
with
l
o
w
c
o
st,
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
to
tra
d
it
i
o
n
a
l
i
n
-
h
o
u
se
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
ts.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
las
s
if
icatio
n
C
lo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
C
lu
s
ter
in
g
C
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
-
b
ased
d
ev
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
R
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
So
f
twar
e
r
eu
s
e
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ad
n
an
R
awa
s
h
d
eh
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
T
e
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Facu
lty
o
f
I
T
an
d
C
Ss
,
Yar
m
o
u
k
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
P O
B
o
x
5
6
6
,
I
r
b
id
2
1
1
6
3
,
J
o
r
d
an
E
m
ail: a
d
n
an
.
r
@
y
u
.
e
d
u
.
jo
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
So
f
twar
e
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
m
ea
n
s
r
e
u
s
in
g
an
ex
is
tin
g
s
eg
m
en
t
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
co
d
e
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
n
ew
s
y
s
tem
in
o
r
d
er
to
a
d
d
n
ew
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
with
litt
le
o
r
n
o
ch
an
g
es.
I
n
co
m
m
o
n
e
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
d
is
cip
lin
es,
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
ass
em
b
lin
g
ex
is
tin
g
ch
u
n
k
s
o
f
co
d
e
th
at
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
o
th
er
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
]
.
So
f
twar
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
h
as
tr
ad
itio
n
ally
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
d
o
n
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
life
-
cy
c
le
its
elf
,
b
u
t
m
o
r
e
r
ec
en
tly
,
s
o
f
twar
e
en
g
in
ee
r
s
h
av
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
t
o
ac
h
ie
v
e
q
u
ality
s
o
f
twar
e,
f
aster
an
d
at
lo
wer
co
s
t,
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
s
o
f
twar
e
r
eu
s
e
d
esi
g
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
h
as
to
b
e
ad
ap
ted
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
f
s
y
s
tem
atic
s
o
f
twar
e
r
eu
s
e
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
an
ess
en
tial
s
tr
ateg
y
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
s
au
g
h
t
l
o
n
g
-
ter
m
b
e
n
ef
its
o
f
s
o
f
twar
e
r
eu
s
e,
th
is
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
b
y
n
em
o
u
r
s
ar
ticles
in
th
e
l
iter
atu
r
e
in
clu
d
in
g
:
[
3
]
-
[
1
3
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
an
d
,
Gu
h
a
an
d
Al
-
Dab
ass
[
1
4
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
mp
r
o
ve
d
s
ea
r
ch
meth
o
d
fo
r
c
la
s
s
ified
r
eu
s
a
b
le
co
mp
o
n
en
ts
o
n
clo
u
d
co
mp
u
tin
g
(
A
d
n
a
n
R
a
w
a
s
h
d
eh
)
1093
d
escr
ib
ed
th
at
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
d
eliv
er
y
o
f
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
as a
s
er
v
ice
o
v
er
a
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
ter
m
o
r
ig
in
ates
f
r
o
m
th
e
c
lo
u
d
-
s
h
ap
e
d
s
y
m
b
o
l
u
s
ed
in
s
y
s
tem
d
iag
r
am
s
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
in
tr
icate
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
it e
n
c
o
m
p
ass
es.
R
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
ty
p
i
ca
lly
k
ep
t
in
a
r
e
p
o
s
ito
r
y
as
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
a
n
d
d
escr
ib
ed
in
m
a
n
y
ar
ticles,
in
clu
d
in
g
:
[
8
]
,
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
5
]
-
[
1
8
]
an
d
s
in
ce
t
h
e
f
o
cu
s
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
is
o
n
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
-
b
ased
r
eu
s
e,
i
t
is
wo
r
th
d
escr
ib
in
g
a
v
alu
e
-
b
ased
ce
n
tr
al
r
ep
o
s
ito
r
y
.
Kh
a
n
an
d
Kh
an
[
1
9
]
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
d
s
ix
teen
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
an
d
th
eir
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
i
n
s
u
ch
a
s
etu
p
,
f
o
u
r
o
f
wh
ich
a
r
e
r
el
ated
to
th
is
r
esear
c
h
wo
r
k
.
T
h
ese
in
clu
d
e:
(
i)
t
h
e
au
d
it
s
y
s
tem
o
r
ac
ce
s
s
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
to
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
r
ep
o
s
ito
r
y
.
I
t
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
d
ata
is
ad
d
ed
an
d
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
d
in
t
o
th
e
r
ep
o
s
ito
r
y
co
r
r
ec
tly
to
f
a
cilitate
r
etr
iev
al
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
etr
iev
al.
(
ii)
A
s
ea
r
c
h
in
g
a
n
d
r
ep
o
r
t
g
en
e
r
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
in
f
o
r
m
th
e
p
r
o
ject
m
an
ag
er
ab
o
u
t
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
o
r
d
er
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate
with
clien
ts
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ct
d
eliv
er
y
.
(
iii)
I
n
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
r
ep
o
s
ito
r
y
,
ta
g
g
in
g
is
d
o
n
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
to
h
elp
in
th
e
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
with
s
im
ilar
attr
ib
u
tes.
(
iv
)
T
h
e
leg
ac
y
d
ir
ec
to
r
y
co
n
tain
s
all
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
th
e
leg
ac
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
L
eg
ac
y
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
s
u
b
-
ca
teg
o
r
ized
a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
v
a
r
io
u
s
th
ir
d
-
p
ar
t
y
to
o
ls
,
co
d
es,
test
ca
s
es,
o
r
d
esig
n
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
a
s
et
o
f
r
u
les
as
s
o
ciate
d
with
a
v
alu
e
-
b
ased
r
ep
o
s
ito
r
y
s
y
s
tem
h
as
b
ee
n
id
en
tifie
d
in
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
r
elate
d
o
n
es
to
th
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
in
clu
d
e:
c
lass
if
icatio
n
:
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
class
if
ied
b
ef
o
r
e
s
to
r
in
g
i
n
to
th
e
r
ep
o
s
it
o
r
y
.
Su
b
class
if
icatio
n
ca
teg
o
r
ies
ca
n
b
e
i
d
en
tifie
d
b
ased
o
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
an
d
ty
p
e
o
f
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
ag
g
in
g
:
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
k
ey
w
o
r
d
s
ca
n
b
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
ea
c
h
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t.
T
h
e
k
ey
wo
r
d
tag
g
in
g
h
el
p
s
o
th
er
u
s
er
s
to
ea
s
ily
f
in
d
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
f
o
r
r
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
I
n
d
e
x
in
g
:
a
k
ey
wo
r
d
in
d
e
x
in
g
ca
n
b
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
f
o
r
s
ea
r
ch
o
p
tim
izat
io
n
o
f
th
e
r
e
u
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
r
ep
o
s
ito
r
y
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
class
if
icatio
n
an
d
in
d
ex
in
g
ar
e
t
h
e
two
id
e
n
tifie
d
r
u
les
with
m
o
s
t
r
elev
an
ce
to
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
in
th
is
p
ap
er
.
Ma
lik
[
2
0
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
t
wo
in
d
ex
es
to
class
if
y
s
o
f
tw
ar
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
f
o
r
r
eu
s
e,
wh
ile
in
th
is
p
ap
er
a
n
e
w
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
life
cy
c
le
(
SDLC)
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
u
s
ed
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
with
th
r
ee
in
d
e
x
es
to
s
ea
r
ch
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
p
h
ase
(
co
d
in
g
)
o
f
a
g
iv
e
n
s
o
f
twar
e
p
r
o
ject.
Pro
b
lem
s
tatem
en
t:
m
an
y
s
o
f
twar
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
d
th
at
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
s
o
f
twar
e
with
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
co
u
ld
s
ig
n
if
ican
tl
y
r
ed
u
ce
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t e
f
f
o
r
t a
n
d
co
s
t w
h
ile
ac
ce
ler
atin
g
d
eliv
er
y
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
lack
o
f
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
o
d
el
in
th
is
f
ield
led
to
th
e
o
v
er
all
f
ailu
r
e
o
f
s
ev
er
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
t
h
e
J
asm
in
e
an
d
Vasan
th
a
m
eth
o
d
s
[
2
1
]
.
R
ein
h
ar
tz
-
B
er
g
er
[
2
2
]
s
tated
th
at
wh
ile
s
o
f
twar
e
r
eu
s
e
r
ed
u
ce
s
co
s
ts
an
d
ef
f
o
r
t,
im
p
r
o
v
es
q
u
ality
,
a
n
d
e
n
h
an
ce
s
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
,
it
also
p
r
esen
ts
ch
allen
g
es
in
r
etr
iev
in
g
ex
is
tin
g
ar
tifa
cts
an
d
ad
a
p
tin
g
th
em
to
th
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
co
n
tex
t.
An
o
th
er
asp
ec
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
h
as
b
ee
n
p
o
in
ted
o
u
t
in
,
[
6
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
th
er
e
is
n
o
ex
p
licit
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
with
s
o
f
twar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
jects,
wh
ich
f
o
r
ce
s
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
to
r
ep
ea
ted
l
y
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
s
im
ilar
an
d
r
ec
u
r
r
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
task
s
,
in
s
tead
o
f
r
eu
s
in
g
th
is
k
n
o
wled
g
e.
Gio
r
d
an
o
et
a
l.
[
2
5
]
,
i
d
en
tifie
s
two
lim
itatio
n
s
in
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
liter
atu
r
e:
(
i)
t
h
e
ex
ten
t
t
o
wh
ich
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
ac
t
u
ally
u
s
e
co
d
e
r
eu
s
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
o
v
er
tim
e
is
u
n
k
n
o
wn
,
an
d
(
ii)
i
t
is
u
n
clea
r
h
o
w
th
ese
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
m
ay
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
ex
p
lain
in
g
d
e
f
ec
t
-
p
r
o
n
e
n
ess
an
d
m
ain
ten
an
ce
ef
f
o
r
t d
u
r
in
g
s
o
f
twar
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
.
Kh
an
an
d
Kh
an
[
1
9
]
o
u
tlin
e
d
s
ev
er
al
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
o
f
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
e
x
is
tin
g
r
e
p
o
s
ito
r
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
ese
in
clu
d
e:
(
i)
u
n
-
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
f
o
r
k
ee
p
in
g
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
a
r
ep
o
s
ito
r
y
le
d
to
t
h
e
f
ac
t
th
at
d
e
v
elo
p
er
s
wo
u
ld
cr
ea
te
f
o
ld
e
r
s
o
f
th
eir
o
wn
ch
o
ice.
Usu
ally
,
th
ey
u
s
e
th
eir
n
am
es
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
o
ld
er
s
in
s
tead
o
f
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
l
n
am
es
th
at
r
ef
lect
t
h
e
co
n
ten
t
s
o
f
f
o
l
d
er
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
o
th
er
d
e
v
elo
p
e
r
s
wo
u
ld
b
e
u
n
ab
le
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
e
m
o
r
u
tili
ze
th
em
.
(
ii)
No
co
n
t
r
o
l
o
r
an
y
s
o
r
t
o
f
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
ac
ce
s
s
in
g
th
e
r
ep
o
s
ito
r
y
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
u
n
n
ec
ess
ar
y
d
ata
will
b
e
ac
cu
m
u
lated
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
(
iii)
Un
lik
e
lo
ca
l
s
,
r
em
o
te
d
ev
elo
p
e
r
s
co
u
ld
n
o
t
r
ea
ch
o
u
t
to
th
e
r
ep
o
s
ito
r
y
ass
et.
(
iv
)
T
h
e
lack
o
f
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
p
o
licy
to
ca
te
g
o
r
ize
an
d
k
ee
p
item
s
with
s
im
ilar
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
in
o
n
e
lo
ca
tio
n
m
ak
es
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
th
e
r
e
p
o
s
ito
r
y
m
o
r
e
d
if
f
icu
lt.
(
v
)
Ab
s
en
ce
o
f
in
d
e
x
in
g
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
r
esid
in
g
in
t
h
e
r
e
p
o
s
ito
r
y
m
a
k
es tr
ac
k
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
d
if
f
ic
u
lt.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
[
2
6
]
-
[
2
8
]
th
e
r
e
ar
e
ca
lls
f
o
r
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
t
h
at
av
o
id
re
-
d
esig
n
in
g
an
d
r
e
-
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
s
o
f
twar
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
f
ea
tu
r
es,
p
atter
n
s
,
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
d
e
s
ig
n
s
,
test
s
,
an
d
s
o
f
o
r
th
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
to
b
e
h
an
d
led
in
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
in
clu
d
e
in
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
s
ea
r
ch
m
eth
o
d
,
d
is
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
,
an
d
d
if
f
icu
lt
y
o
f
f
in
d
in
g
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
L
iter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew:
s
o
f
twar
e
r
eu
s
e
is
n
o
t
y
et
a
m
atu
r
e
d
is
cip
lin
e,
an
d
o
f
f
e
r
s
m
an
y
r
esear
ch
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
[
2
9
]
.
On
e
r
esear
ch
attem
p
t
to
s
h
o
w
th
at
f
u
zz
y
r
etr
ie
v
al
h
as
an
im
p
r
o
v
ed
r
etr
iev
al
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
v
er
ty
p
ical
b
o
o
lean
r
etr
iev
al
[
3
0
]
.
Oth
er
attem
p
ts
wen
t
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
s
o
f
twar
e
r
eu
s
e
p
r
ac
tices
[
2
8
]
,
[
3
1
]
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
r
eu
s
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
en
ter
p
r
is
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
-
b
ased
s
o
f
twar
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
p
r
o
f
ile
[
3
2
]
.
W
h
ile
o
th
er
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
[
2
6
]
,
[
3
3
]
ad
ap
te
d
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
is
tic
d
esig
n
,
th
e
y
ar
g
u
e
th
at
ch
allen
g
es
ass
o
ciate
d
with
s
u
ch
a
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
ar
e
q
u
ite
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
o
f
twar
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
r
eu
s
e.
Fra
k
e
s
an
d
Kan
g
[
3
4
]
,
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
-
b
ased
s
o
f
twar
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
(
C
B
SE)
h
as
em
er
g
e
d
d
ir
ec
tly
f
r
o
m
a
d
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
in
s
o
f
twar
e
r
eu
s
e.
An
im
p
o
r
tan
t
ar
ea
i
n
s
o
f
twar
e
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
h
as
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
in
g
s
o
f
twar
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
eu
s
e.
T
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
d
esire
d
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
,
an
d
d
esig
n
p
r
in
cip
les
f
o
r
C
B
SE
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ex
ten
s
iv
ely
s
tu
d
ied
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
0
9
2
-
1
1
0
4
1094
an
aly
ze
d
.
A
s
o
f
twar
e
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
u
s
in
g
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
f
o
llo
ws
a
‘
with
’
r
eu
s
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wh
e
r
ea
s
a
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
r
eu
s
e
in
o
th
er
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
llo
ws
a
‘
f
o
r
’
r
eu
s
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
n
th
e
‘
f
o
r
’
r
eu
s
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
e
k
ey
f
o
cu
s
is
to
e
x
am
in
e
h
o
w
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
b
u
ilt
f
o
r
r
e
u
s
e
an
d
h
o
w
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
im
p
ac
ts
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
Fra
k
es
an
d
Kan
g
[
3
4
]
id
e
n
tifie
d
two
s
ets
o
f
h
y
p
o
th
eses
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
et
o
f
h
y
p
o
th
eses
is
ass
o
ciate
d
with
‘
Desig
n
f
o
r
R
eu
s
e’
,
th
ese
in
clu
d
e,
a
r
eu
s
ab
le
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
is
lar
g
er
th
an
its
eq
u
iv
alen
t
o
n
e
-
u
s
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
A
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
m
o
r
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ef
f
o
r
t
th
an
its
eq
u
iv
alen
t
o
n
e
-
u
s
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t.
W
h
en
d
esig
n
in
g
a
n
d
b
u
ild
in
g
a
r
eu
s
ab
le
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t,
a
d
ev
elo
p
er
is
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
d
esig
n
in
g
an
d
b
u
ild
i
n
g
a
o
n
e
-
u
s
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
A
r
eu
s
ab
le
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
ty
p
ically
h
as
m
o
r
e
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
th
an
its
o
n
e
-
u
s
e
co
u
n
ter
p
a
r
t
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
et
o
f
h
y
p
o
th
eses
is
as
s
o
ciate
d
with
‘
Desig
n
with
R
eu
s
e’
,
an
d
th
ese
in
clu
d
e
,
t
h
e
s
m
aller
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t,
th
e
e
asier
it
is
to
r
eu
s
e,
with
s
ize
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
s
o
u
r
ce
lin
es
o
f
c
o
d
e.
A
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
d
esig
n
ed
a
n
d
b
u
ilt
f
o
llo
win
g
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
eu
s
e
d
esig
n
p
r
in
ci
p
le
is
ea
s
ier
to
r
eu
s
e
th
an
o
n
e
n
o
t
b
u
ilt
with
t
h
at
p
r
in
cip
le.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
m
o
r
e
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
er
h
as,
th
e
ea
s
ier
it
is
to
r
eu
s
e
a
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t.
A
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t th
at
h
as b
ee
n
test
ed
b
y
th
e
u
s
er
b
ef
o
r
e
r
e
u
s
e
is
ea
s
ier
to
r
eu
s
e
th
an
a
n
u
n
test
e
d
o
n
e.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
‘
Desig
n
wit
h
R
eu
s
e’
is
th
e
f
o
cu
s
h
er
e.
T
h
e
r
e
u
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
(
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
d
esig
n
ed
‘
f
o
r
r
eu
s
e’
)
ar
e
av
ail
ab
le,
b
u
t
th
ey
n
ee
d
to
b
e
o
r
g
a
n
ized
in
a
way
th
at
m
a
k
es
it
e
asy
an
d
e
f
f
icien
t
to
s
ea
r
ch
an
d
f
in
d
th
e
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iat
e
o
n
es
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
ar
ticles
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
lit
er
atu
r
e
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
an
d
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
em
an
tic
-
b
ased
a
n
d
n
at
u
r
al
lan
g
u
ag
e
s
ea
r
c
h
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
5
]
,
[
3
5
]
;
u
s
in
g
th
e
in
ten
t
an
d
co
n
te
x
tu
al
m
ea
n
in
g
b
eh
in
d
a
s
ea
r
ch
q
u
er
y
to
d
el
iv
er
m
o
r
e
r
ele
v
an
t
r
esu
lts
.
Su
ch
tech
n
iq
u
es
r
ely
o
n
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
in
ten
t
to
f
o
r
m
u
la
te
th
e
q
u
er
y
,
n
o
t
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
r
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t,
as
a
r
esu
lt
t
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
m
ay
n
o
t
r
etr
iev
e
th
e
ex
ac
t
d
esire
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
An
o
th
e
r
s
et
o
f
ar
ticles
[
3
6
]
,
[
3
7
]
claim
ed
s
o
f
twar
e
r
eu
s
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
b
ased
o
n
co
m
m
o
n
f
ac
to
r
m
eth
o
d
,
a
n
d
in
[
3
8
]
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
an
d
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
-
b
ase
f
o
r
d
ea
lin
g
with
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
an
d
to
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
p
o
ten
tial
ca
u
s
es
o
f
a
p
r
o
b
lem
b
ased
o
n
m
u
ltip
le
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
Hu
d
aib
et
a
l.
[
3
9
]
u
s
ed
th
e
C
h
id
a
m
b
er
a
n
d
K
em
er
er
(
C
K)
m
etr
ics
s
u
ite
to
id
en
tify
th
e
r
eu
s
e
lev
el
o
f
OO
clas
s
es.
T
h
e
s
elf
-
o
r
g
an
izin
g
m
ap
wa
s
u
s
ed
to
clu
s
ter
d
atase
ts
o
f
C
K
m
etr
ic
s
v
alu
es
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
J
av
a
-
b
ased
s
y
s
t
em
s
.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
was
to
id
e
n
tify
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
C
K
v
alu
es
a
n
d
th
e
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
lev
el
o
f
th
e
class
;
ca
teg
o
r
ized
as
h
ig
h
,
m
ed
iu
m
an
d
lo
w
r
eu
s
ab
le.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
f
o
c
u
s
ed
s
o
lely
o
n
o
b
ject
-
o
r
ien
ted
clas
s
es,
wh
ile
ig
n
o
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
p
ar
a
d
ig
m
.
L
ik
ewise,
Ma
et
a
l.
[
4
0
]
o
n
ly
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
u
n
if
ied
m
o
d
elin
g
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
(
UM
L
)
cla
s
s
-
d
iag
r
am
.
Ma
n
jh
i
an
d
C
h
atu
r
v
ed
i
[
4
1
]
claim
ed
th
at
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
p
ar
ad
ig
m
m
a
y
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
d
e
r
e
u
s
e
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
th
an
o
b
ject
-
o
r
ien
te
d
o
r
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
p
ar
ad
ig
m
s
.
T
h
eir
r
esear
ch
ce
n
ter
s
o
n
id
en
tify
in
g
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
with
in
th
e
f
u
n
cti
o
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
p
ar
ad
i
g
m
.
T
h
ey
co
n
d
u
cte
d
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
u
s
in
g
Hask
ell
to
an
aly
ze
v
ar
io
u
s
s
o
f
twar
e
m
etr
ics
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
e
s
elf
-
o
r
g
a
n
izin
g
m
ap
alg
o
r
ith
m
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
t
o
clu
s
ter
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
r
ee
p
ac
k
ag
es
in
to
t
h
r
ee
d
is
tin
ct
class
es
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
.
Fu
n
ctio
n
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
m
etr
ics
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
an
d
th
eir
av
er
ag
e
v
alu
es.
Oth
er
ty
p
es
o
f
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
s
u
ch
as d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
,
d
iag
r
am
s
,
ch
ar
ts
,
an
d
f
o
r
m
s
wer
e
n
o
t c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
.
Ng
u
y
en
et
a
l.
[
4
2
]
h
ad
f
o
r
m
e
r
l
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
AUROR
A
as a
m
a
ch
in
e
lear
n
in
g
class
if
ier
f
o
r
m
eta
m
o
d
el
r
ep
o
s
ito
r
ies,
an
d
th
ey
attem
p
ted
an
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
AUROR
A.
I
n
b
o
th
ca
s
es,
th
eir
wo
r
k
was
lim
ited
to
m
eta
m
o
d
el
r
e
p
o
s
ito
r
ies.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
Nam
ith
a
an
d
Ku
m
ar
[
4
3
]
th
ey
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
id
en
tif
y
in
g
t
h
e
r
ec
u
r
r
in
g
co
n
ce
p
ts
in
d
ata
s
tr
e
am
clu
s
ter
in
g
,
lim
itin
g
th
e
s
er
v
ice
to
d
ata
s
tr
ea
m
s
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
attem
p
t
to
d
e
p
lo
y
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
s
p
ec
if
ic
m
e
d
ical
ap
p
lic
atio
n
,
s
u
ch
as
L
iu
et
a
l.
[
4
4
]
,
th
ey
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
r
eliab
le
an
d
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
cib
le
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
g
en
o
m
ic
d
ata
m
an
ag
em
en
t
with
in
a
s
o
f
twar
e
to
o
l
(
R
)
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
r
eu
s
ab
ilit
y
o
f
g
en
o
m
ic
d
ata.
Su
ch
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
o
n
ly
lim
ited
to
m
ed
ical
-
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ass
o
ciatin
g
with
DN
A
d
ata.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
t
h
e
r
eu
s
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
w
o
r
k
f
o
c
u
s
e
d
o
n
e
a
r
ly
s
t
a
g
es
o
f
t
h
e
SD
L
C
,
n
a
m
e
l
y
p
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
,
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
a
n
d
d
e
s
i
g
n
,
s
u
c
h
as
G
u
b
e
r
a
n
d
R
e
i
n
h
a
r
t
z
-
B
e
r
g
e
r
[
8
]
,
a
v
o
i
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
o
f
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
p
h
a
s
e
t
h
e
c
o
d
i
n
g
o
r
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
a
t
i
o
n
p
h
a
s
e
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
is
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
lim
itatio
n
s
f
o
u
n
d
in
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
r
elate
d
wo
r
k
as
d
escr
ib
e
d
ab
o
v
e
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
an
e
f
f
icien
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
ea
s
ily
f
in
d
th
e
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
f
o
r
a
g
iv
en
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t.
T
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
r
em
ain
d
er
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
is
as
f
o
llo
ws:
s
ec
tio
n
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
alo
n
g
with
r
atio
n
ale
ju
s
tific
atio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
.
Sectio
n
3
p
r
esen
ts
a
cr
itical
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
,
a
n
d
s
ec
tio
n
4
d
r
aws
th
e
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
is
r
es
ea
r
ch
a
n
d
o
u
tlin
es
ass
o
ciate
d
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
w
o
r
k
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tep
s
:
−
Step
1
:
j
u
s
tify
in
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
m
ig
r
atin
g
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
to
th
e
clo
u
d
,
an
d
th
u
s
,
d
e
s
cr
ib
in
g
clo
u
d
-
co
m
p
u
tin
g
m
o
d
el,
ad
v
a
n
tag
es,
b
en
ef
it a
n
d
d
r
aw
b
ac
k
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
mp
r
o
ve
d
s
ea
r
ch
meth
o
d
fo
r
c
la
s
s
ified
r
eu
s
a
b
le
co
mp
o
n
en
ts
o
n
clo
u
d
co
mp
u
tin
g
(
A
d
n
a
n
R
a
w
a
s
h
d
eh
)
1095
−
Step
2
:
e
v
alu
atin
g
ex
is
tin
g
cla
s
s
if
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
r
eu
s
ab
l
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
an
d
co
n
s
eq
u
en
t
ly
s
elec
tin
g
th
e
m
o
s
t a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
s
u
ch
m
et
h
o
d
s
to
b
e
ad
o
p
ted
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
.
−
Step
3
:
d
escr
ib
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
u
ltip
le
class
if
icatio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
a
n
ew
class
if
icatio
n
b
ased
o
n
th
e
SDLC.
−
Step
4
:
i
n
d
ex
in
g
an
d
clu
s
ter
in
g
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
to
f
ac
il
itate
an
ef
f
icien
t sear
ch
an
d
f
i
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
v
is
u
alize
th
e
s
tep
s
o
f
th
e
ex
ec
u
ted
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
s
tep
s
2
.
1
.
Ste
p 1
:
j
us
t
if
ica
t
io
n t
o
m
ig
ra
t
e
re
us
a
ble c
o
m
po
nents t
o
t
he
clo
ud
T
h
er
e
ar
e
g
o
o
d
r
ea
s
o
n
s
f
o
r
b
u
s
in
ess
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
to
m
i
g
r
at
e
th
eir
d
ata
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
s
to
th
e
clo
u
d
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
ar
ticles
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e,
in
clu
d
in
g
B
r
o
h
i
a
n
d
B
a
m
iah
[
4
5
]
,
an
d
Millh
am
[
4
6
]
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
is
claim
.
I
n
b
u
s
in
ess
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
,
u
s
e
r
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
p
ay
o
n
ly
wh
en
th
ey
u
s
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
n
o
m
ain
ten
a
n
ce
co
s
ts
ass
o
ciate
d
with
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
m
o
d
els
en
h
an
ce
b
u
s
in
ess
ag
ilit
y
b
y
a
llo
win
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
s
ca
le
u
p
o
r
d
o
wn
as
n
ee
d
ed
to
m
ee
t
b
u
s
in
ess
d
em
an
d
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
an
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
s
ev
e
r
al
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
g
r
id
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
,
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
an
d
s
er
v
ice
-
o
r
ien
t
ed
co
m
p
u
tin
g
.
B
r
o
h
i a
n
d
B
am
iah
[
4
5
]
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
th
e
co
m
p
lete
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
clo
u
d
-
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
p
ar
a
d
i
g
m
:
-
Stak
eh
o
ld
er
s
(
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
s
,
u
s
er
s
an
d
ad
a
p
ter
s
)
.
-
Ser
v
ices
(
SaaS,
PaaS
,
an
d
I
aa
S).
B
o
th
s
o
f
twar
e
as
a
s
er
v
ice
(
SaaS)
,
an
d
p
latf
o
r
m
as
a
s
er
v
ice
(
PaaS)
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ex
am
p
les
f
o
r
a
s
etu
p
th
at
ac
c
o
m
m
o
d
ates
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
as
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
.
Dev
el
o
p
er
s
ca
n
u
s
e
s
u
ch
a
clo
u
d
m
o
d
el,
n
a
m
ely
a
c
o
m
p
iler
p
ac
k
a
g
e,
to
b
u
ild
an
d
test
th
eir
s
o
f
twar
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
n
th
e
c
lo
u
d
its
elf
;
an
d
th
at
is
PaaS.
Alth
o
u
g
h
SaaS
r
ef
er
s
to
r
u
n
n
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
to
clien
ts
as
a
s
er
v
ice,
s
im
p
ly
d
o
wn
lo
ad
in
g
o
r
co
p
y
in
g
th
e
r
eu
s
ab
le
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
to
b
e
d
ep
lo
y
ed
o
n
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
’
o
wn
wo
r
k
s
p
ac
e
is
also
co
n
s
id
er
ed
SaaS.
I
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
as a
s
er
v
ice
(
I
aa
S)
i
s
n
o
t o
f
co
n
ce
r
n
to
th
is
wo
r
k
.
T
h
ese
ap
p
licati
o
n
s
ca
n
b
e
ac
ce
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
th
in
lay
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
s
u
c
h
as
a
web
-
b
r
o
wser
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
d
o
n
o
t
n
e
ed
t
o
in
s
tall
a
n
d
b
u
y
licen
s
ed
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
o
r
ev
en
h
ea
v
y
h
ar
d
war
e.
T
h
ey
s
im
p
ly
p
ay
p
e
r
u
s
e.
-
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t m
o
d
els (
p
u
b
lic,
p
r
iv
ate,
h
y
b
r
id
an
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
clo
u
d
s
)
.
-
C
h
allen
g
es (
tr
u
s
t
an
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
in
ter
o
p
er
a
b
ilit
y
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
)
.
-
B
en
ef
its
(
co
s
t r
ed
u
ctio
n
,
ea
s
y
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
)
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
Sin
h
a
et
a
l
.
[
4
7
]
in
th
eir
b
o
o
k
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
clo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
an
d
th
e
r
ea
l
b
en
ef
its
d
er
iv
ed
b
y
its
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
i
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
claim
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
th
at
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
t
in
g
p
ar
ad
i
g
m
is
an
ex
ce
llen
t e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
f
o
r
r
eu
s
e
ap
p
licatio
n
.
2
.
2
.
Ste
p 2
:
e
v
a
lua
t
io
n
o
f
e
x
is
t
ing
cla
s
s
if
ica
t
io
n m
et
ho
ds
C
las
s
if
icatio
n
o
f
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
is
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ass
ig
n
in
g
o
n
e
to
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
s
im
ilar
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
C
lass
if
icatio
n
h
elp
s
in
id
en
tify
in
g
wh
at
cr
iter
i
a
m
ay
b
e
u
s
ed
in
th
e
m
atch
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
R
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
o
r
g
an
iz
ed
in
a
way
t
h
at
p
er
m
its
an
ea
s
y
r
etr
iev
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
y
p
ical
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
a
class
if
icatio
n
p
lan
o
f
r
e
u
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
:
−
C
o
n
tin
u
ally
ex
p
a
n
d
in
g
co
llect
io
n
s
o
f
r
e
u
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
;
−
Fin
d
in
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
th
at
ar
e
s
im
ilar
o
r
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
,
n
o
t j
u
s
t e
x
ac
t m
atch
es;
−
Fin
d
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
ally
e
q
u
iv
ale
n
t c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ac
r
o
s
s
d
o
m
ain
s
;
−
B
ein
g
p
r
ec
is
e
an
d
h
a
v
in
g
h
ig
h
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
p
o
wer
;
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
0
9
2
-
1
1
0
4
1096
−
B
ein
g
ea
s
ily
u
s
ab
le
b
y
en
d
u
s
er
,
an
d
a
g
r
ee
ab
le
t
o
au
to
m
atio
n
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Ma
lik
[
2
0
]
,
R
ao
an
d
Nir
a
n
jan
[
4
8
]
,
s
ev
er
al
at
tem
p
ts
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
t
o
class
if
y
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
ese
in
clu
d
e
f
r
ee
tex
t
class
if
icatio
n
th
at
is
u
s
ed
with
tex
tu
al
n
atu
r
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
.
Key
w
o
r
d
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
s
u
ch
a
class
if
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
Fo
r
a
g
iv
e
n
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
ea
r
ch
es
u
s
ed
t
o
r
etr
iev
e
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
ea
c
h
s
ea
r
c
h
with
a
d
if
f
er
en
t
k
ey
wo
r
d
r
etu
r
n
s
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
all
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
-
in
d
ex
es
ar
e
s
ea
r
ch
e
d
in
o
r
d
er
to
f
in
d
an
en
tr
y
.
T
h
e
d
r
a
wb
ac
k
o
f
f
r
ee
-
tex
t
class
if
icatio
n
is
th
at
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
h
ig
h
co
s
t
f
o
r
th
e
in
d
ex
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wh
ile
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
u
s
ed
ar
e
u
n
ce
r
tain
i
n
n
atu
r
e.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
o
u
t
co
m
e
o
f
a
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
ay
r
esu
lt
in
s
ev
er
al
ir
r
ele
v
an
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
as c
laim
ed
b
y
C
o
u
llo
n
et
a
l
.
[
4
9
]
th
e
c
o
m
p
le
x
ity
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
s
o
f
twar
e
c
r
ea
tes a
n
ec
ess
ity
f
o
r
a
s
u
itab
le
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
co
r
r
ec
t
n
ess
o
f
s
ettin
g
u
p
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
s
.
E
n
u
m
er
ated
c
lass
if
icatio
n
is
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
s
ev
er
al
lev
els
o
f
c
lass
es
an
d
s
u
b
class
es,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
lea
f
-
lev
el
class
es
ar
e
th
e
ac
tu
al
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
d
r
aw
b
a
ck
o
f
en
u
m
er
ated
class
if
icatio
n
alo
n
e
is
th
at
i
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
u
s
ef
u
l
class
if
icatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
r
eu
s
ab
le
s
o
f
twar
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
d
if
f
i
cu
lt
to
e
x
p
an
d
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
e
n
u
m
e
r
ated
class
if
icatio
n
is
a
v
er
y
f
ast
m
eth
o
d
.
Fo
r
m
a
l
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
-
b
ased
class
if
icatio
n
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
es
cr
ip
tio
n
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t’
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
Ho
u
h
a
m
d
i
[
5
0
]
,
ea
ch
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
is
in
d
ex
e
d
with
a
f
o
r
m
al
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
th
at
in
d
icate
s
its
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
b
eh
av
i
o
r
.
W
ith
s
o
f
t
war
e
r
eu
s
e
an
d
r
etr
iev
al,
f
o
r
m
al
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
-
b
ased
class
if
icatio
n
ca
n
ass
is
t
in
d
is
co
v
er
in
g
wh
eth
e
r
o
n
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
ca
n
b
e
s
u
b
s
titu
ted
f
o
r
an
o
th
er
,
o
r
h
o
w
a
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
ca
n
b
e
ch
an
g
e
d
to
m
ee
t c
er
tain
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
Sig
n
atu
r
e
m
atch
i
n
g
,
in
th
is
cl
ass
if
icatio
n
,
ea
ch
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
is
g
iv
en
a
s
ig
n
atu
r
e.
Fo
r
e
x
a
m
p
le,
if
C
1
an
d
C
2
ar
e
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
th
en
C
_
s
ig
n
atu
r
e
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
e
s
en
ted
as
f
o
llo
ws
:
c_
s
ig
n
atu
r
e:
m
atch
(
c1
,
c2
)
=
m
atch
(
r
etu
r
n
s
ty
p
e
a
n
d
p
a
r
a
m
eter
o
f
c
1
,
c2
)
f
o
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
in
teg
er
ad
d
an
d
s
u
b
tr
ac
t
o
p
e
r
a
tio
n
s
h
av
e
th
e
s
am
e
s
ig
n
atu
r
e
b
u
t
o
p
p
o
s
ite
b
eh
a
v
io
r
;
th
e
c
lib
r
ar
y
r
o
u
tin
es
s
tr
cp
y
an
d
s
tr
ca
t
h
av
e
th
e
s
am
e
s
ig
n
atu
r
e
b
u
t
co
m
p
letely
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
b
eh
av
i
o
r
.
Fo
r
r
ep
o
s
ito
r
ies
with
h
u
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
u
s
er
s
will
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
en
c
o
u
n
ter
a
s
itu
atio
n
wh
er
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
h
av
e
i
d
en
tical
s
ig
n
atu
r
es
b
u
t
v
er
y
d
if
f
er
en
t
b
eh
av
i
o
r
s
,
wh
ich
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
a
p
o
ten
tial p
r
o
b
lem
.
Face
ted
c
lass
if
icatio
n
,
th
e
id
ea
o
f
th
is
class
if
icatio
n
is
to
id
en
tify
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
f
e
atu
r
es
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
d
ata
m
an
ip
u
lated
b
y
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
r
th
e
co
n
tex
t
in
wh
ic
h
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
is
u
s
ed
.
T
h
ese
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
ar
e
ca
lled
f
ac
ets.
T
h
e
n
e
x
t
s
tep
is
to
p
r
i
o
r
itize
th
e
f
a
ce
ts
b
ased
o
n
t
h
eir
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
a
n
d
th
e
n
co
n
n
ec
t
t
h
em
to
a
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t.
T
h
e
f
ac
e
ted
class
if
icatio
n
is
u
s
ef
u
l
to
c
ateg
o
r
ize
th
e
wid
e
v
ar
iety
o
f
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
in
a
r
ep
o
s
ito
r
y
.
T
h
e
c
o
llectio
n
o
f
attr
ib
u
tes
t
h
at
d
escr
i
b
e
a
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
is
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
th
e
f
ac
et
d
esc
r
ip
to
r
.
T
h
is
in
clu
d
es
asp
ec
ts
s
u
ch
as
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
o
b
ject
ty
p
e,
o
r
s
y
s
tem
ty
p
e.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
ar
e
ass
ig
n
ed
to
th
ese
f
ac
ets
f
o
r
e
ac
h
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
to
r
ed
in
a
r
eu
s
e
r
ep
o
s
ito
r
y
.
Dev
elo
p
er
s
u
s
e
a
k
ey
wo
r
d
to
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
a
p
o
s
s
ib
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t.
Ma
lik
[
2
0
]
claim
e
d
th
at
f
a
ce
ted
class
if
icatio
n
h
as
p
r
o
v
en
t
o
b
e
an
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
tech
n
i
q
u
e
t
o
cr
ea
te
lib
r
ar
ies
o
f
r
e
u
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
ir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
o
f
its
lim
itatio
n
s
.
Attr
ib
u
te
v
alu
e
class
if
icatio
n
is
lik
e
f
ac
eted
cla
s
s
if
icat
io
n
,
a
s
et
o
f
attr
ib
u
tes
is
d
ef
in
ed
f
o
r
all
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
a
d
o
m
ain
ar
e
a,
an
d
s
u
ch
s
et
is
u
s
ed
to
cl
ass
if
y
a
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
b
y
ass
ig
n
in
g
v
alu
es
to
th
e
id
en
tifie
d
attr
ib
u
tes.
Un
lik
e
f
a
ce
ted
class
if
icatio
n
,
t
h
er
e
is
n
o
r
estrictio
n
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
attr
ib
u
tes
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
,
n
o
r
is
th
er
e
p
r
io
r
it
izatio
n
am
o
n
g
t
h
em
,
wh
ich
is
s
ee
n
as
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
u
s
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
a
b
o
o
k
ca
n
h
av
e
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
attr
ib
u
tes
lik
e
th
e
au
th
o
r
,
p
u
b
lis
h
er
,
I
SB
N
n
u
m
b
er
,
an
d
class
if
icatio
n
co
d
e
in
th
e
d
ewe
y
d
ec
im
al
s
y
s
te
m
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
d
r
awb
ac
k
o
f
attr
ib
u
te
v
alu
e
cl
ass
if
icatio
n
is
th
at
it is
s
lo
w.
C
lu
s
ter
-
b
ased
c
lass
if
icat
io
n
is
u
n
lik
e
ty
p
ical
class
if
icatio
n
,
wh
ich
is
s
im
p
ly
s
o
m
e
s
o
r
t
o
f
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
lear
n
in
g
.
C
lu
s
ter
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
u
n
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
ed
lear
n
in
g
,
o
r
g
a
n
ize
a
s
et
o
f
r
eu
s
ab
l
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
t
o
clu
s
ter
s
.
T
h
e
g
o
al
is
to
id
e
n
tify
clu
s
ter
s
th
at
ar
e
in
ter
n
ally
co
h
esiv
e
y
et
d
is
tin
ct
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
an
o
t
h
er
.
C
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
with
in
th
e
s
am
e
clu
s
ter
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
h
ig
h
l
y
s
im
ilar
,
wh
ile
also
d
if
f
er
in
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
f
r
o
m
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
o
th
er
clu
s
ter
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
two
co
m
m
o
n
ty
p
es
o
f
clu
s
ter
in
g
,
d
is
tan
ce
-
b
as
ed
an
d
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
clu
s
ter
in
g
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
r
e
u
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
wo
u
ld
b
e
g
r
o
u
p
ed
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
d
escr
i
p
tiv
e
co
n
ce
p
ts
.
Fo
lk
s
o
n
o
m
y
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
class
if
icatio
n
(
FTC)
is
a
d
i
s
t
r
ib
u
ted
class
if
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
ty
p
ically
estab
lis
h
ed
b
y
a
team
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
s
er
s
.
User
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
tag
s
(
ca
n
b
e
th
o
u
g
h
t
o
f
as
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
,
ca
teg
o
r
y
n
am
es
o
r
m
eta
d
ata)
t
o
o
n
lin
e
item
s
,
s
u
ch
as
im
ag
es,
v
id
eo
s
,
an
d
tex
t.
T
h
ese
tag
s
ar
e
t
h
en
s
h
ar
ed
a
n
d
s
o
m
etim
es
r
ef
in
ed
b
y
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
e
a
d
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
th
is
m
eth
o
d
is
its
s
im
p
licity
;
u
s
er
s
ca
n
u
s
e
it
with
o
u
t
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
t
r
ain
in
g
o
r
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
am
b
ig
u
ity
o
f
th
e
tag
s
ca
n
em
er
g
e
wh
ile
u
s
er
s
ap
p
ly
th
e
s
am
e
tag
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t w
ay
s
with
o
u
t g
u
id
elin
es.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
m
ajo
r
d
r
awb
ac
k
o
f
FTC
is
th
e
im
p
r
ec
is
e
ta
g
g
in
g
.
2
.
3
.
Ste
p 3
:
p
ro
po
s
ed
a
pp
ro
a
ch
t
o
wa
rd
cla
s
s
if
ica
t
io
n o
f
re
us
a
ble c
o
m
po
nents
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
a
m
u
lti
-
m
eth
o
d
class
if
icatio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
u
s
ed
.
As
m
en
tio
n
ed
i
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
s
ec
tio
n
,
ea
ch
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
class
if
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
h
as
s
o
m
e
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
,
an
d
ea
c
h
m
eth
o
d
m
ay
s
u
it
a
ce
r
tain
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
mp
r
o
ve
d
s
ea
r
ch
meth
o
d
fo
r
c
la
s
s
ified
r
eu
s
a
b
le
co
mp
o
n
en
ts
o
n
clo
u
d
co
mp
u
tin
g
(
A
d
n
a
n
R
a
w
a
s
h
d
eh
)
1097
f
ea
tu
r
e,
s
u
ch
as
ty
p
e,
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
o
r
n
am
e.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
ch
o
o
s
in
g
an
y
s
in
g
le
class
if
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
wo
u
ld
n
o
t
s
o
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
ef
f
icien
tly
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
c
h
o
ice
o
f
a
m
u
lti
-
m
eth
o
d
class
if
icatio
n
ca
m
e
as
an
attem
p
t
to
o
v
e
r
co
m
e
th
e
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
o
f
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
m
eth
o
d
s
wh
ile
m
ax
im
izin
g
t
h
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
u
s
in
g
m
o
r
e
th
an
o
n
e
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
class
if
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
is
d
ed
icate
d
to
o
r
g
an
izin
g
m
ajo
r
ex
is
tin
g
ap
p
licatio
n
d
o
m
a
in
s
.
T
h
ese
in
clu
d
e,
b
an
k
in
g
,
in
v
e
n
to
r
y
,
p
ay
r
o
ll,
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
,
in
s
u
r
a
n
ce
,
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e,
air
lin
e
r
eser
v
a
tio
n
,
u
s
er
-
in
ter
f
ac
e,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
m
an
y
o
th
er
s
.
Mo
r
e
th
a
n
o
n
e
ch
o
ice
ca
n
b
e
a
p
p
licab
l
e
to
class
if
y
th
ese
ap
p
licatio
n
d
o
m
ain
s
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
f
r
ee
tex
t
class
if
icatio
n
FTC.
B
o
th
o
f
th
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
u
s
e
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
o
r
tag
s
to
id
en
tify
ce
r
tain
a
p
p
li
ca
tio
n
d
o
m
ain
s
.
Her
ein
,
FT
C
will
b
e
u
s
ed
to
m
a
n
ag
e
ex
is
tin
g
ap
p
licatio
n
d
o
m
ain
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
im
p
licity
o
f
ch
o
o
s
in
g
a
s
u
itab
le
tag
.
No
tr
ain
in
g
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
,
an
d
m
o
s
t
u
s
er
s
wi
ll
s
im
p
ly
id
en
tify
a
co
m
m
o
n
s
en
s
e
tag
.
T
ab
le
1
illu
s
tr
ates
a
p
o
s
s
ib
le
o
u
tlin
e
o
f
s
u
ch
tag
g
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
co
lu
m
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
lef
t
-
h
an
d
-
s
id
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
h
ig
h
-
lev
el
ta
g
s
,
ea
ch
o
f
wh
ich
c
an
b
e
u
s
ed
to
g
r
o
u
p
m
u
ltip
le
s
ets
o
f
s
y
s
tem
s
in
a
s
in
g
le
ap
p
licatio
n
d
o
m
ai
n
.
Ob
v
io
u
s
ly
,
T
ab
le
1
ca
n
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
an
y
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
ex
is
tin
g
d
o
m
ain
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
co
lu
m
n
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ass
o
ciate
d
s
u
b
-
tag
s
t
h
at
b
elo
n
g
to
a
h
i
g
h
er
-
lev
el
d
o
m
ain
.
Fo
r
e
x
am
p
le,
f
o
r
m
s
,
b
u
tto
n
s
,
lab
els,
d
ata
-
f
ield
s
,
an
d
titl
es
ar
e
s
u
b
-
tag
g
e
d
,
a
n
d
all
b
el
o
n
g
to
th
e
h
ig
h
-
le
v
el
tag
‘
GUI
-
o
b
jects’.
T
h
e
th
i
r
d
co
lu
m
n
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
item
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
u
n
d
e
r
ea
ch
s
u
b
-
tag
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
i
n
p
u
t/o
u
t
p
u
t
f
o
r
m
s
an
d
er
r
o
r
m
ess
ag
es a
r
e
d
escr
ib
ed
as f
o
r
m
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
I
llu
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
p
o
s
s
ib
le
tag
g
in
g
f
o
r
e
x
is
tin
g
ap
p
licati
o
n
d
o
m
ain
s
H
i
g
h
-
l
e
v
e
l
t
a
g
S
u
b
-
T
a
g
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
1
.
F
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
-
c
o
d
e
F
i
n
a
n
c
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
a
l
l
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
s
y
s
t
e
ms,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
b
a
n
k
i
n
g
,
A
TM
s,
c
r
e
d
i
t
c
a
r
d
,
i
n
v
e
s
t
me
n
t
,
a
n
d
m
o
n
e
y
e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e
.
R
e
ser
v
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
a
l
l
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
r
e
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
ms,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
a
i
r
l
i
n
e
s,
h
o
t
e
l
s,
a
n
d
c
a
r
r
e
n
t
a
l
s.
I
n
v
e
n
t
o
r
y
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
a
l
l
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
i
n
v
e
n
t
o
r
y
s
y
st
e
ms,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
t
y
p
i
c
a
l
i
n
v
e
n
t
o
r
y
i
t
e
ms
f
o
r
g
r
o
c
e
r
y
s
t
o
r
e
s
,
a
n
d
p
h
a
r
mac
i
e
s
.
I
n
su
r
a
n
c
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
a
l
l
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
i
n
su
r
a
n
c
e
sy
s
t
e
ms,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
h
e
a
l
t
h
,
l
i
f
e
,
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
s,
h
o
mes,
a
n
d
a
ss
e
t
s
.
P
a
y
r
o
l
l
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s a
l
l
t
y
p
e
s o
f
p
a
y
r
o
l
l
s
y
s
t
e
ms
,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
t
y
p
i
c
a
l
b
a
se
d
-
sal
a
r
y
e
mp
l
o
y
e
e
s,
h
o
u
r
l
y
-
w
a
g
e
e
mp
l
o
y
e
e
s,
c
o
n
s
u
l
t
a
n
t
s
,
e
t
c
.
+
mo
r
e
…
+
d
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
…
2
.
G
U
I
-
o
b
j
e
c
t
s
F
o
r
ms
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
a
l
l
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
o
b
j
e
c
t
-
f
o
r
ms
u
sed
i
n
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
-
i
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
e
sy
st
e
ms,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
i
n
p
u
t
-
f
o
r
ms
,
o
u
t
-
p
u
t
,
a
n
d
e
r
r
o
r
-
messa
g
e
s
.
B
u
t
t
o
n
s
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
a
l
l
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
o
b
j
e
c
t
-
b
u
t
t
o
n
s
u
sed
o
n
f
o
r
ms.
La
b
e
l
s
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
a
l
l
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
o
b
j
e
c
t
-
l
a
b
e
l
s,
h
e
a
d
e
r
s
o
r
t
i
t
l
e
s
u
s
e
d
o
n
f
o
r
ms.
+
mo
r
e
…
+
d
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
…
3
.
D
a
t
a
Te
st
-
c
a
ses
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
t
e
st
c
a
s
e
s,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
c
r
e
d
i
t
c
a
r
d
n
u
m
b
e
r
s,
s
o
c
i
a
l
se
c
u
r
i
t
y
-
n
u
m
b
e
r
s,
I
S
B
N
n
u
m
b
e
r
s,
g
r
a
d
e
s,
e
t
c
.
D
a
t
a
s
e
t
s
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
d
a
t
a
s
e
t
s,
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
-
t
w
e
e
t
s
d
a
t
a
set
s,
a
n
d
a
d
d
r
e
sses
.
D
a
t
a
b
a
s
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
d
a
t
a
b
a
s
e
s,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
i
n
v
e
n
t
o
r
y
,
a
n
d
p
a
y
r
o
l
l
.
+
mo
r
e
…
+
d
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
…
:
:
:
4
.
D
o
c
u
me
n
t
s
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
me
n
t
s
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
f
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
d
o
c
u
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
s,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
p
r
e
l
i
mi
n
a
r
y
-
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
me
n
t
s
,
a
n
d
sp
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
-
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
me
n
t
s.
D
e
si
g
n
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
d
e
s
i
g
n
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
s,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
d
a
t
a
-
f
l
o
w
d
i
a
g
r
a
ms,
E
R
d
i
a
g
r
a
ms,
u
se
-
c
a
ses
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
s,
a
n
d
seq
u
e
n
c
e
d
i
a
g
r
a
ms.
R
e
p
o
r
t
s
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
s
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
r
e
p
o
r
t
s,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
e
ss
r
e
p
o
r
t
s,
a
n
d
ma
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
r
e
p
o
r
t
s.
+
mo
r
e
…
+
d
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
…
A
co
m
p
lem
en
t
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
is
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
a
n
ew
class
if
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
b
ase
d
o
n
th
e
SDLC.
User
s
lo
o
k
f
o
r
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
th
at
ar
e
ty
p
ically
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
p
h
ase
o
f
th
e
SDLC
o
f
th
eir
p
r
o
ject.
Fo
r
e
x
am
p
le,
in
th
e
p
lan
n
in
g
p
h
ase
t
wo
(
o
r
m
o
r
e)
ca
teg
o
r
ies
o
f
r
e
u
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
;
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
an
d
ch
ar
ts
.
E
x
ce
p
t
f
o
r
th
e
co
d
i
n
g
p
h
ase,
all
o
th
er
p
h
ases
h
av
e
s
im
ilar
ty
p
es
o
f
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
‘
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
,
’
‘
ch
a
r
ts
,
’
an
d
‘
f
o
r
m
s
.
’
T
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
c
o
d
e
will
b
e
h
a
n
d
led
d
if
f
er
en
tly
an
d
th
u
s
;
it
is
th
e
f
o
cu
s
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
.
T
a
b
le
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
c
o
m
p
lete
s
et
o
f
p
o
s
s
ib
le
ca
teg
o
r
i
za
tio
n
s
o
f
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
ea
ch
p
h
ase
o
f
th
e
SDLC,
ex
ce
p
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
o
d
in
g
p
h
ase.
R
eu
s
ab
le
co
d
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
will
b
e
h
an
d
led
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
f
ac
eted
-
class
if
icatio
n
,
clu
s
ter
in
g
,
a
n
d
in
d
ex
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
0
9
2
-
1
1
0
4
1098
T
ab
le
2
.
I
llu
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
p
o
s
s
ib
le
SDLC
-
b
ased
class
if
icat
io
n
o
f
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
P
h
a
se
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
a
r
t
i
f
a
c
t
Ex
a
m
p
l
e
s
o
f
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
a
r
t
i
f
a
c
t
s
P
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
D
o
c
u
me
n
t
s
−
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
-
sc
o
p
e
d
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
−
A
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
s a
n
d
t
h
e
i
r
f
e
a
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
−
R
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
p
l
a
n
d
e
scr
i
p
t
i
o
n
−
R
i
s
k
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
d
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
−
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
p
l
a
n
d
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
−
F
e
a
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
r
e
p
o
r
t
C
h
a
r
t
s
−
G
a
n
t
t
-
c
h
a
r
t
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
p
l
a
n
−
W
o
r
k
b
r
e
a
k
-
d
o
w
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
c
h
a
r
t
−
O
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
c
h
a
r
t
,
e
t
c
.
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
D
o
c
u
me
n
t
s
−
P
r
o
b
l
e
m
d
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
−
S
o
u
r
c
e
s/
s
i
n
k
s
d
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
s
−
P
r
o
c
e
ss
i
n
g
d
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
−
Li
st
o
f
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
me
n
t
s
−
F
i
n
a
l
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
C
h
a
r
t
s
−
Ex
i
s
t
i
n
g
s
y
st
e
m’
s f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
d
i
a
g
r
a
ms
(
e
g
.
D
F
D
s,
S
S
D
,
u
se
-
c
a
se
,
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
s
t
a
t
e
-
ma
c
h
i
n
e
)
−
D
a
t
a
mo
d
e
l
i
n
g
d
i
a
g
r
a
ms (
e
g
.
ER
D
,
c
l
a
ss,
a
n
d
c
a
u
se
-
e
f
f
e
c
t
)
F
o
r
ms
−
Q
u
e
st
i
o
n
n
a
i
r
e
s
−
JA
D
f
o
r
ms
−
U
ser
-
c
a
r
d
s
/
s
t
o
r
y
-
c
a
r
d
s
D
e
si
g
n
D
o
c
u
me
n
t
s
−
S
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
d
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
s
−
I
n
p
u
t
a
n
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
d
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
s
−
S
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
E
n
g
l
i
sh
d
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
s
−
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
t
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
s
d
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
s
C
h
a
r
t
s
−
N
e
w
sy
s
t
e
m’
s f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
mo
d
e
l
i
n
g
d
i
a
g
r
a
ms
(
e
g
.
D
F
D
s,
S
S
D
,
u
se
-
c
a
se
,
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
s
t
a
t
e
-
ma
c
h
i
n
e
)
−
D
a
t
a
mo
d
e
l
i
n
g
d
i
a
g
r
a
ms (
e
g
.
ER
D
,
c
l
a
ss)
−
G
U
I
d
i
a
l
o
g
u
e
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
F
o
r
ms
−
I
n
p
u
t
f
o
r
ms
−
O
u
t
p
u
t
f
o
r
ms
−
Er
r
o
r
-
messa
g
e
s
C
o
d
i
n
g
…………
R
e
u
sa
b
l
e
c
o
d
e
c
o
mp
o
n
e
n
t
s
w
i
l
l
b
e
h
a
n
d
l
e
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
:
−
M
u
l
t
i
-
c
l
a
ssi
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
−
C
l
u
st
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
i
n
d
e
x
i
n
g
Te
st
i
n
g
D
o
c
u
me
n
t
s
−
Te
st
i
n
g
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
d
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
.
(
e
g
.
u
n
i
t
,
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
s
y
s
t
e
m,
a
n
d
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
st
s
)
Te
st
c
a
s
e
s
−
N
u
meri
c
t
e
st
c
a
ses
−
A
l
p
h
a
b
e
t
i
c
a
l
−
A
l
p
h
a
-
n
u
m
e
r
i
c
−
D
a
t
e
s
2
.
4
.
Ste
p 4
:
i
nd
ex
ing
a
nd
clus
t
er
ing
o
f
re
us
a
ble c
o
m
po
nents
T
o
f
ac
ilit
ate
an
ef
f
icien
t
s
ea
r
c
h
f
o
r
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
t,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
es
th
r
ee
in
d
ex
es
to
b
r
o
wse
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
et
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
is
g
r
o
u
p
ed
in
t
o
clu
s
ter
s
.
E
ac
h
clu
s
ter
is
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
s
im
ilar
ty
p
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
th
at
ar
e
co
h
e
r
en
t
in
ter
n
ally
.
C
lu
s
ter
s
ar
e
cr
ea
ted
o
n
th
e
b
asis
o
f
s
elec
ted
attr
ib
u
tes,
n
am
ely
f
u
n
ctio
n
alit
y
an
d
ty
p
e
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
u
s
er
in
te
r
f
ac
e
o
b
je
cts
ar
e
g
r
o
u
p
e
d
in
o
n
e
clu
s
ter
,
s
o
r
tin
g
-
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
in
an
o
th
er
clu
s
ter
,
c
o
n
t
r
o
ller
s
in
a
th
ir
d
clu
s
ter
,
an
d
s
o
o
n
.
F
ig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates
a
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
if
f
er
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
in
g
o
f
s
ev
er
al
clu
s
ter
s
w
ith
in
a
s
el
ec
ted
ap
p
licatio
n
d
o
m
ain
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
id
ea
o
f
id
en
tify
in
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
clu
s
ter
s
,
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
i
n
d
ex
(
clu
s
ter
in
d
e
x
)
i
s
cr
ea
ted
t
o
s
ea
r
ch
clu
s
ter
s
f
o
r
a
ty
p
e
o
f
r
eq
u
ir
ed
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
Fig
u
r
e
3
illu
s
tr
ates th
e
f
ir
s
t in
d
ex
,
wh
ic
h
is
th
e
c
lu
s
ter
in
d
ex
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Gr
o
u
p
in
g
o
f
c
lu
s
ter
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
mp
r
o
ve
d
s
ea
r
ch
meth
o
d
fo
r
c
la
s
s
ified
r
eu
s
a
b
le
co
mp
o
n
en
ts
o
n
clo
u
d
co
mp
u
tin
g
(
A
d
n
a
n
R
a
w
a
s
h
d
eh
)
1099
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
n
d
ex
i
n
g
f
o
r
c
lu
s
ter
s
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
clu
s
ter
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
itially
n
ar
r
o
ws
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
p
ac
e.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
if
th
e
u
s
er
is
wo
r
k
in
g
o
n
a
g
r
ap
h
ical
u
s
er
-
in
ter
f
ac
e
s
y
s
tem
,
th
en
c
l
u
s
ter
-
N
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
will
b
e
th
e
t
ar
g
et
to
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
r
elate
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
Su
ch
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
co
u
ld
b
e
a
‘
Fo
r
m
,
’
‘
B
u
tto
n
,
’
‘
L
ab
el
,’
o
r
o
th
e
r
r
elate
d
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t.
No
w,
f
u
r
th
er
f
ac
eted
class
if
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
is
ap
p
lied
to
class
if
y
ca
teg
o
r
ies
o
f
s
im
ilar
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
with
in
a
s
in
g
le
clu
s
ter
.
T
h
u
s
,
a
cl
u
s
ter
m
ig
h
t
co
n
tain
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
ca
teg
o
r
ies
o
f
r
elate
d
r
e
u
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
id
en
tifie
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
illu
s
tr
ates
a
p
o
s
s
ib
le
ca
teg
o
r
izatio
n
o
f
c
lu
s
ter
-
2
:
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
id
ea
o
f
id
en
tify
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ca
teg
o
r
i
es
in
a
s
in
g
le
clu
s
ter
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
in
d
e
x
(
ca
teg
o
r
y
in
d
ex
)
is
cr
ea
ted
to
s
ea
r
ch
ea
c
h
ca
teg
o
r
y
with
in
a
g
iv
e
n
clu
s
ter
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
in
d
e
x
ap
p
lied
on
c
lu
s
ter
-
2
:
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Po
s
s
ib
le
ca
teg
o
r
izati
o
n
o
f
s
in
g
le
clu
s
ter
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
I
n
d
ex
i
n
g
f
o
r
c
ateg
o
r
ies
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
0
9
2
-
1
1
0
4
1100
Face
ted
c
lass
if
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
is
ap
p
lied
to
class
if
y
ea
c
h
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
with
in
a
clu
s
t
er
-
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
T
h
u
s
,
a
clu
s
ter
-
ca
teg
o
r
y
m
ig
h
t
co
n
tain
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
r
e
u
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
d
e
p
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ex
is
tin
g
o
n
es.
T
o
e
x
p
lain
t
h
is
last
lev
el
o
f
in
d
ex
in
g
,
Fig
u
r
e
6
illu
s
tr
ates
an
ex
a
m
p
le
o
f
u
s
in
g
f
ac
et
class
if
i
ca
tio
n
,
ass
u
m
in
g
o
n
e
s
o
r
t
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
am
o
n
g
s
ev
er
al
o
th
e
r
s
with
in
c
ateg
o
r
y
-
1
:
s
o
r
tin
g
with
in
c
lu
s
ter
-
2
:
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
I
ll
u
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
u
s
in
g
f
ac
eted
class
if
icatio
n
o
n
a
s
o
r
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
L
ik
e
th
e
s
o
r
t
-
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
in
d
icate
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
,
an
o
th
er
ca
n
b
e
ad
d
ed
as
a
r
eu
s
ab
le
s
o
r
t
-
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
with
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
d
escr
ip
t
o
r
:
So
r
t
-
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t: #
2
Fu
n
ctio
n
: D
escen
d
in
g
So
r
tin
g
T
y
p
e:
Qu
ick
So
r
t
Data
: A
lp
h
ab
ets
C
o
n
tex
t: So
r
tin
g
C
u
s
to
m
er
s
YT
D
p
u
r
ch
ases
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
if
m
u
ltip
le
s
o
r
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ac
q
u
ir
e
d
in
a
r
ep
o
s
ito
r
y
,
th
is
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
s
ev
er
al
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
:
B
u
b
b
le
-
So
r
t,
Qu
ick
-
So
r
t,
Selectio
n
-
So
r
t,
I
n
s
er
tio
n
-
So
r
t,
Me
r
g
e
-
S
o
r
t,
C
o
u
n
tin
g
-
So
r
t,
R
ad
ix
-
So
r
t,
B
u
ck
et
-
So
r
t,
Hea
p
-
So
r
t,
an
d
Sh
ell
-
So
r
t.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
f
ac
eted
cla
s
s
if
icatio
n
is
its
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
lin
k
ed
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
to
th
e
f
a
ce
ts
ca
n
b
e
ad
d
ed
,
c
h
an
g
e
d
,
o
r
r
e
m
o
v
e
d
e
asil
y
.
On
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
a
n
d
,
t
h
e
u
s
er
wh
o
in
ten
d
s
to
m
ak
e
g
o
o
d
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
m
u
s
t
ac
q
u
ir
e
ce
r
t
ain
k
n
o
wled
g
e
,
wh
ich
m
ay
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
lim
itatio
n
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
e
r
b
eliev
es
th
at
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
v
e
r
r
id
e
s
u
ch
lim
ited
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
s
in
ce
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
ac
q
u
ir
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
o
co
n
cl
u
d
e
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
th
e
last
s
tep
is
to
cr
ea
te
th
e
th
ir
d
in
d
ex
o
n
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
illu
s
t
r
ates th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
t
h
ir
d
in
d
ex
(
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
-
i
n
d
ex
).
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
I
n
d
ex
i
n
g
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
mp
r
o
ve
d
s
ea
r
ch
meth
o
d
fo
r
c
la
s
s
ified
r
eu
s
a
b
le
co
mp
o
n
en
ts
o
n
clo
u
d
co
mp
u
tin
g
(
A
d
n
a
n
R
a
w
a
s
h
d
eh
)
1101
3.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
O
F
T
H
E
O
U
T
CO
M
E
T
o
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
f
in
d
in
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
eu
s
ab
le
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
f
o
r
a
g
iv
en
s
et
o
f
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
,
a
n
ew
clo
u
d
-
c
o
m
p
u
tin
g
-
b
ase
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
as
d
escr
ib
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
a
s
u
itab
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
is
g
u
id
e
d
b
y
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t p
h
ase
o
f
th
e
SDLC.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
wh
e
n
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
er
is
wo
r
k
in
g
o
n
ac
tiv
ities
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
an
aly
s
is
p
h
ase,
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
a
r
eq
u
ir
ed
item
is
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
.
I
t
is
s
im
p
ly
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
r
ee
tex
t
c
lass
if
icatio
n
with
tex
tu
al
n
atu
r
e
an
d
k
ey
wo
r
d
,
s
u
ch
as
d
o
c
u
m
en
t.
T
h
is
will
b
e
also
tr
u
e
f
o
r
m
o
s
t o
f
t
h
e
p
h
ase
s
ex
ce
p
t f
o
r
t
h
e
co
d
i
n
g
p
h
ase.
T
o
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
f
in
d
in
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
d
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t d
u
r
in
g
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
p
h
ase
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
u
ltip
le
class
if
icatio
n
a
n
d
clu
s
ter
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
u
s
ed
.
I
t
illu
s
tr
ates
a
h
i
er
ar
ch
y
o
f
r
e
u
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
g
r
o
u
p
ed
to
g
eth
e
r
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
ap
p
licatio
n
d
o
m
ain
s
,
an
d
th
e
n
clu
s
ter
ed
b
ased
o
n
s
elec
ted
attr
ib
u
tes,
in
clu
d
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
lity
an
d
ty
p
e.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
w
ith
in
ea
ch
clu
s
ter
,
co
h
e
r
en
t
r
e
u
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
g
r
o
u
p
ed
to
g
eth
e
r
as
a
s
ep
ar
ate
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
W
h
en
a
d
ev
elo
p
er
wis
h
es
to
f
in
d
a
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
t,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ac
tio
n
is
to
p
ic
k
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ap
p
licatio
n
d
o
m
ai
n
,
af
ter
wh
ich
a
k
e
y
-
s
ea
r
ch
v
alu
e,
s
u
ch
a
s
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
n
a
m
e,
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
a
lis
t
o
f
r
elate
d
clu
s
ter
s
will
b
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
.
T
h
e
‘
C
lu
s
ter
I
n
d
ex
’
will
h
elp
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
r
to
f
in
d
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
clu
s
ter
.
Nex
t,
t
h
e
‘
C
ateg
o
r
y
I
n
d
e
x
’
will
b
e
u
s
ed
to
n
ar
r
o
w
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
b
y
av
o
id
in
g
u
n
r
elate
d
ca
teg
o
r
ies
with
in
a
g
iv
en
clu
s
ter
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
‘
C
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
I
n
d
ex
’
will
b
r
in
g
o
u
t
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
elate
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
W
h
ile
ex
am
in
in
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
f
o
r
s
u
itab
le
m
atch
to
a
g
iv
e
n
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t,
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
er
m
ak
es a
ch
o
ice
o
f
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
r
r
e
-
s
tar
tin
g
a
n
ew
s
e
ar
ch
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
as
d
escr
ib
ed
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
:
Do
-
Browse the library for the appropriate application domain.
-
Select the appropriate domain.
-
Enter (name) the current phase of the SDLC.
-
Begin if
Planning, Analysis, Design or Testing
Search for documents, charts or forms.
Else (# current phase is coding)
o
Use the first index to search for appropriate cluster.
o
Use the second index to search for the most
-
related category.
o
Use the third index to search for the most
-
related component.
End if
-
Begin if
found
Adopt component
Found = TRUE
Else
Message “Do another search”
Found = FALSE
End if
Until Found
I
r
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
h
ase
o
f
th
e
SDLC,
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
ca
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
y
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
a
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
v
e
r
y
ef
f
i
cien
tly
.
T
h
e
s
h
o
r
t
-
c
u
t
o
f
s
u
c
h
a
s
ea
r
ch
will
b
r
in
g
o
u
t
a
n
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
e
u
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
t,
an
d
th
u
s
,
o
v
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
y
o
t
h
er
ex
is
tin
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
as d
escr
ib
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
(
s
tep
2
)
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
AND
F
U
T
U
RE
WO
RK
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
s
ev
er
al
ex
is
tin
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
class
if
y
r
e
u
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
ea
c
h
o
f
wh
ich
h
as
s
o
m
e
lim
itatio
n
s
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
e
d
th
at
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
,
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
an
ef
f
icien
t
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
r
e
u
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
b
ased
o
n
m
u
ltip
le
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
class
if
icatio
n
g
u
id
e
d
b
y
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
h
ase
o
f
th
e
SDLC.
T
h
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
ly
class
if
ied
r
eu
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
r
es
id
in
g
o
n
th
e
clo
u
d
allo
win
g
h
ig
h
av
ailab
ilit
y
s
er
v
ice
an
d
m
ax
im
izin
g
th
e
b
en
ef
its
wo
r
ld
wid
e.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
lim
itatio
n
s
to
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
s
u
ch
a
clo
u
d
s
etu
p
to
g
ath
er
s
tatis
tic
s
o
f
th
e
ac
tu
al
u
s
ag
e
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
I
t
will
b
e
a
g
o
o
d
i
d
ea
to
r
ec
o
r
d
d
e
v
elo
p
e
r
s
’
c
h
o
ices
o
f
r
e
u
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ca
n
co
n
tain
d
ate/tim
e,
m
o
d
u
le
n
am
e,
ap
p
licatio
n
d
o
m
ain
,
d
ev
elo
p
e
r
n
am
e
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
r
ec
o
r
d
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
’
a
d
o
p
tio
n
will
b
e
u
s
ed
to
r
a
n
k
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
;
s
o
t
h
at
a
m
o
r
e
r
e
u
s
ab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
h
as
a
h
ig
h
er
r
an
k
.
T
h
e
r
an
k
v
alu
e
ass
ig
n
ed
to
a
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
en
f
o
r
ce
p
r
i
o
r
ity
o
f
d
is
p
lay
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
in
th
e
n
ex
t
r
elev
an
t
s
ea
r
ch
.
Su
c
h
a
tech
n
iq
u
e
co
u
l
d
f
u
r
th
er
e
n
h
an
ce
t
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ates
f
in
d
in
g
th
e
r
ig
h
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
f
o
r
th
e
m
atch
in
g
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t.
T
h
u
s
,
ad
d
itio
n
al
r
esear
ch
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
u
s
ag
e
f
e
atu
r
es in
clu
d
in
g
r
an
k
i
n
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.