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cs
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O
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izatio
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id
[
1
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,
[
2
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.
T
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izatio
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tech
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iq
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es [
3
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,
[
4
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.
T
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s
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f
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p
tim
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tech
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[
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7
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A
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R
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[
8
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Y
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.
[9
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a
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d
B
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s
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l
.
[
1
0
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ex
p
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u
n
b
alan
ce
d
lo
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f
lo
w
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f
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T
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tr
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p
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d
in
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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&
C
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p
Sci
I
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5
0
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4
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Op
tima
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d
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T
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PS
O
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p
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is
s
io
n
s
,
an
d
en
h
an
ce
en
er
g
y
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
is
in
teg
r
atio
n
p
r
esen
ts
a
s
er
ie
s
o
f
o
b
jectio
n
an
d
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
th
at
n
ee
d
to
b
e
ca
r
ef
u
lly
m
an
ag
e
d
to
en
s
u
r
e
r
eliab
le,
ef
f
icien
t,
an
d
r
e
s
ilien
t
p
o
wer
d
eliv
e
r
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
in
te
g
r
atio
n
in
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
c
o
m
p
as
s
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
t
e
c
h
n
i
c
al
,
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
,
an
d
p
r
e
c
e
p
t
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
ti
o
n
s
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
m
u
ltip
le
DGs
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
in
DN.
W
h
en
s
ev
er
al
win
d
g
en
er
at
o
r
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
t
ed
,
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
'
s
p
r
im
ar
y
is
s
u
es a
r
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
ese
is
s
u
es a
r
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
in
th
is
p
ap
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
with
m
u
ltip
le
DG
u
n
its
T
h
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
s
tep
s
to
r
eso
lv
e
th
is
is
s
u
e
ar
e
lis
ted
b
elo
w.
Sectio
n
2
:
d
ata
co
llectio
n
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
co
v
er
s
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
f
o
r
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
lin
e
an
d
lo
ad
d
ata.
Sectio
n
3:
PS
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
co
v
e
r
s
th
e
PSO
tech
n
iq
u
e,
wh
ich
is
u
s
e
d
to
co
n
n
ec
t
an
d
s
ize
th
e
win
d
g
en
er
ato
r
s
o
p
tim
ally
.
Sectio
n
4
:
w
in
d
p
o
wer
g
en
er
atio
n
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
m
o
d
e
lin
g
o
f
win
g
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
.
Secti
o
n
5
:
r
esu
lts
an
d
an
al
y
s
is
co
n
tain
s
th
e
r
esu
lts
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
2.
DATA CO
L
L
E
C
T
I
O
N
AND
P
RE
P
RO
CE
SS
I
NG
A
s
in
g
le
-
lin
e
d
iag
r
am
o
f
I
E
E
E
-
1
5
b
u
s
r
ad
ial
DN
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
lin
e
d
ata
an
d
lo
ad
d
ata
o
f
th
e
I
E
E
E
-
1
5
b
u
s
ar
e
g
iv
en
in
th
e
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
is
d
ata
co
u
ld
c
o
m
e
f
r
o
m
f
ield
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
,
h
is
to
r
ical
r
ec
o
r
d
s
,
r
ep
licatio
n
s
,
o
r
d
ata
b
ases
.
W
i
n
d
tu
r
b
in
e
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
,
s
u
c
h
as
p
o
wer
cu
r
v
es
an
d
e
f
f
icie
n
cy
d
ata,
ar
e
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
ac
cu
r
ately
m
o
d
elin
g
th
e
r
en
ewa
b
le
-
b
ased
g
en
er
ato
r
.
Data
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
is
o
n
ce
co
llected
,
th
e
d
ata
r
eq
u
ir
es
p
r
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
to
en
s
u
r
e
its
q
u
ality
an
d
s
u
itab
ilit
y
f
o
r
th
e
PS
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Data
c
lean
in
g
is
id
en
tify
i
n
g
an
d
r
ec
tif
y
in
g
a
n
y
in
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cies,
er
r
o
r
s
,
o
r
m
is
s
in
g
v
alu
es in
th
e
co
llected
d
ata.
T
h
is
is
cr
itical
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
acc
u
r
ac
y
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
an
aly
s
es.
Featu
r
e
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
is
ex
tr
ac
tin
g
o
r
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
f
ea
tu
r
es
th
at
ar
e
r
elev
a
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
.
T
h
is
co
u
ld
in
v
o
lv
e
co
n
v
er
tin
g
win
d
s
p
e
ed
d
ata
in
t
o
p
o
wer
g
en
er
atio
n
p
o
ten
tial
o
r
ca
lcu
l
atin
g
lo
ad
p
r
o
f
i
les
b
ased
o
n
h
is
to
r
ical
d
ata.
No
r
m
aliza
tio
n
/
s
ca
lin
g
is
s
ca
lin
g
n
u
m
er
ical
d
ata
to
a
co
m
m
o
n
r
an
g
e
to
p
r
ev
en
t c
e
r
tain
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
f
r
o
m
d
o
m
in
atin
g
th
e
o
p
tim
iz
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Data
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
20
24
:
7
2
4
-
7
3
2
726
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
is
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
v
a
r
io
u
s
d
atasets
,
s
u
ch
as
lo
a
d
p
r
o
f
iles
an
d
win
d
s
p
ee
d
d
ata,
t
o
cr
e
ate
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
in
p
u
t
d
ataset.
Fo
r
m
at
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
is
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
d
ata
is
in
a
f
o
r
m
at
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
th
e
PS
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
is
m
ay
in
v
o
lv
e
co
n
v
er
tin
g
d
ata
in
to
m
atr
ices
o
r
a
r
r
ay
s
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
ef
f
icien
tl
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
.
Def
in
in
g
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
is
s
et
tin
g
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
b
ased
o
n
s
y
s
tem
lim
its
,
s
u
ch
as
g
en
er
ato
r
ca
p
ac
ity
,
v
o
ltag
e
lim
its
,
p
o
wer
l
o
s
s
es
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
Data
p
ar
titi
o
n
in
g
is
s
p
litt
in
g
th
e
d
a
taset
in
to
tr
ain
in
g
a
n
d
t
e
s
ti
n
g
s
u
b
s
et
s
t
o
e
v
al
u
a
t
e
t
h
e
P
SO
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
'
s
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
e
t
h
e
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
s
o
lu
t
i
o
n
s
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
E
E
E
-
15
-
B
u
s
r
ad
ial
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
T
ab
le
1
.
L
in
e
an
d
l
o
ad
d
ata
f
o
r
I
E
E
E
1
5
b
u
s
r
ad
ial
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
s
y
s
tem
B
r
a
n
c
h
n
u
m
b
e
r
S
e
n
d
i
n
g
e
n
d
n
o
d
e
R
e
c
e
i
v
i
n
g
e
n
d
n
o
d
e
R
(
o
h
m)
X
(
o
h
m)
k
V
A
1
1
2
1
.
3
5
3
0
9
1
.
3
2
3
4
9
6
3
.
0
2
2
3
1
.
1
7
0
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4
1
.
1
4
4
6
4
1
0
0
.
0
3
3
4
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4
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1
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8
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.
5
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6
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9
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1
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6
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1
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2
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7
2
7
1
.
7
2
4
9
1
0
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0
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6
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1
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0
8
8
2
0
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7
3
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1
0
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0
9
6
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1
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2
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1
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1
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7
9
5
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2
1
1
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11
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2
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4
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1
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6
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1
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1
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12
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2
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1
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1
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4
15
1
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1
9
7
0
2
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0
7
4
2
0
0
.
0
3.
P
SO
AL
G
O
RI
T
H
M
T
h
e
PSO
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
a
n
atu
r
e
-
in
s
p
ir
ed
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
e
th
at
r
ep
licates
th
e
s
o
cial
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
b
ir
d
s
o
r
p
ar
ticles
in
a
s
war
m
t
o
s
o
lv
e
c
o
m
p
licate
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
I
n
PS
O,
ea
ch
p
o
s
s
ib
le
b
y
iter
ativ
ely
u
p
d
atin
g
p
ar
ticle
p
o
s
itio
n
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
h
is
to
r
ical
b
est
an
d
th
e
b
est
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
u
n
d
b
y
th
e
en
tire
s
war
m
,
PS
O
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
ex
p
lo
r
es
th
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
p
ac
e
to
m
ee
t
to
war
d
s
e
x
ce
llen
t
o
r
n
ea
r
-
o
p
tim
al
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
s
.
T
h
is
co
llectiv
e
m
o
v
em
en
t
a
n
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
s
h
a
r
in
g
am
o
n
g
p
ar
ticles
co
p
y
th
e
s
o
cial
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
in
n
atu
r
al
s
war
m
s
an
d
en
ab
le
PS
O
to
ef
f
icien
tly
s
o
lv
e
a
w
id
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ch
allen
g
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
o
s
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
ec
o
n
o
m
ics,
an
d
p
o
we
r
s
y
s
tem
s
,
am
o
n
g
o
th
er
s
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
ch
ar
t
o
f
PS
O
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3.
T
h
e
PSO
p
r
o
c
ess
in
v
o
lv
es
r
ep
licatin
g
th
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
o
f
a
s
war
m
o
f
p
ar
ticles
to
s
o
lv
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
b
lem
s
f
itn
es
s
.
T
h
e
f
itn
ess
in
d
icate
s
h
o
w
well
ea
ch
p
ar
ticle's
s
o
lu
tio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
in
th
e
g
iv
e
n
p
r
o
b
lem
.
Velo
city
u
p
d
ate
is
th
e
v
elo
city
o
f
ea
c
h
p
ar
ticle
u
s
in
g
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
its
cu
r
r
en
t
v
el
o
city
,
its
in
tellectu
al
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
(
b
ased
o
n
P
b
est),
an
d
its
s
o
cial
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
(
b
ased
o
n
Gb
est)
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
n
ew
v
e
lo
city
g
u
i
d
es
th
e
p
ar
ticle'
s
m
o
v
em
en
t
in
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
p
ac
e.
Po
s
itio
n
u
p
d
ate
is
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
ea
ch
p
ar
ticle
u
s
in
g
its
n
ew
v
elo
city
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
itio
n
ch
a
n
g
e
r
ef
lects
th
e
p
ar
ticle'
s
m
o
v
em
en
t
to
war
d
s
p
o
te
n
tially
b
etter
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
C
h
ec
k
f
o
r
co
m
b
in
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
r
ea
ch
in
g
a
m
ax
im
u
m
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
iter
atio
n
s
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
a
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
s
o
lu
tio
n
q
u
ality
.
I
f
th
e
co
m
b
in
in
g
cr
i
ter
ia
ar
e
m
et,
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
to
p
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
Op
tima
l siz
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n
d
a
llo
ca
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f wi
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d
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etw
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(
S
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th
i S
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n
ke
p
a
lly
)
727
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
PS
O
f
lo
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a
r
t
4.
WI
ND
P
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y
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n
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Var
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r
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if
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h
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c
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r
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ea
r
th
also
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n
tr
ib
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n
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en
h
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tin
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an
d
cr
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tes d
if
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er
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ce
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atm
o
s
p
h
e
r
ic
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
p
r
ess
u
r
e.
T
h
e
tu
r
b
in
e'
s
s
h
af
t,
co
n
n
ec
te
d
to
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e
r
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t
o
r
with
b
lad
es,
i
s
lin
k
ed
to
a
g
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e
r
ato
r
.
T
o
m
atch
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
'
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
s
p
ee
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wit
h
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e
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o
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o
r
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atio
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ed
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r
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o
x
is
u
s
ed
.
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in
d
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r
b
in
e
b
lad
es
ty
p
ically
h
av
e
a
lift
d
esig
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s
im
ilar
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w
f
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s
.
A
d
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e
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itch
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th
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es
co
n
tr
o
ls
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tu
r
b
in
e'
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o
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er
atio
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,
m
u
ch
lik
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th
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ae
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d
y
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f
an
air
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g
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d
tu
r
b
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es
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e
m
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m
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ati
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al
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ee
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elo
w
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,
th
e
r
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r
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lo
c
k
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r
ev
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t d
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ag
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e
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l
m
ax
im
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m
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ec
h
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ical
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=
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h
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en
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ity
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A
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th
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s
wep
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d
V
is
win
d
v
elo
city
.
4
.
1
.
M
o
dellin
g
a
nd
s
im
ula
t
io
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f
wind
t
urbin
e
L
o
ad
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n
d
p
r
o
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iles
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ep
r
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en
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th
e
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o
d
if
icatio
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f
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tr
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n
s
u
m
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with
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a
s
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ec
if
ic
ar
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p
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is
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ib
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tio
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n
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r
k
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i
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o
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iles
p
r
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id
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it
ical
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is
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n
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to
th
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atter
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elp
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a
n
d
o
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tim
izin
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is
tr
ib
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tio
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y
s
tem
s
.
L
o
ad
d
em
an
d
p
r
o
f
iles
ar
e
u
s
u
ally
o
b
tain
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
h
is
to
r
ical
d
ata
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al
y
s
is
,
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
,
o
r
s
im
u
lati
o
n
s
.
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h
e
y
ar
e
o
f
ten
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
t
o
p
ea
k
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o
f
f
-
p
e
ak
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d
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ter
m
e
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iate
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i
o
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s
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u
r
d
u
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e
m
an
d
h
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r
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u
c
h
as
m
o
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in
g
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an
d
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wh
il
e
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m
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n
.
Me
d
ian
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b
r
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e
th
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tr
em
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Un
d
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tan
d
in
g
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em
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p
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iles
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ess
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f
o
r
v
ar
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ten
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n
etwo
r
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esi
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ca
p
ac
ity
p
lan
n
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g
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an
d
r
en
ewa
b
le
in
teg
r
atio
n
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
p
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ec
is
e
lo
ad
p
r
o
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iles
en
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le
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o
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tim
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izin
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lace
m
e
n
t
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f
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is
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e
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er
ato
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with
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em
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d
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h
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cin
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m
in
im
izi
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en
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y
c
o
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ts
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
ese
p
r
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iles
ar
e
p
r
em
iu
m
in
p
u
ts
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o
r
o
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tim
izatio
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o
r
ith
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PSO
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g
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ak
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ical
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d
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y
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T
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e
win
d
tu
r
b
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e
d
esig
n
is
s
h
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wn
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n
Fig
u
r
es
4
an
d
5
.
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h
e
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t
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u
t
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wer
o
f
win
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tu
r
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in
e
is
1
7
7
.
7
k
W
at
a
win
d
s
p
ee
d
o
f
1
2
m
/
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
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lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
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,
Vo
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er
20
24
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Fig
u
r
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4
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in
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it d
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r
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it d
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RE
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S AN
D
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AL
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ase
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.
1
.
Ca
s
e
s
t
ud
y
1
:
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DG
c
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n
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h
e
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ad
f
lo
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as
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im
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le
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ted
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e
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E
E
E
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1
5
b
u
s
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i
s
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n
etwo
r
k
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e
p
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v
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u
s
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iv
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n
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a
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le
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u
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ay
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ilit
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s
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o
1
2
3
4
5
6
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9
10
11
12
13
14
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1
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9
5
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0
.
9
5
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
Op
tima
l siz
e
a
n
d
a
llo
ca
tio
n
o
f wi
n
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
g
en
era
tio
n
i
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etw
o
r
k
…
(
S
w
a
th
i S
a
n
ke
p
a
lly
)
729
5
.
2
.
Ca
s
e
s
t
ud
y
2
:
g
ener
a
t
o
r
1
is
co
nn
ec
t
ed
in dis
t
ri
bu
t
io
n net
wo
rk
us
ing
P
SO
T
h
e
PS
O
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
ap
p
lie
d
o
n
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E
E
E
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1
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u
s
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is
tr
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u
tio
n
n
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r
k
f
o
r
o
p
tim
al
lo
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tio
n
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d
s
izin
g
o
f
win
d
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Fro
m
th
e
PS
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est
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n
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at
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u
s
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e
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ize
is
1
9
7
.
5
9
k
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.
Fi
gur
e
6
shows
B
us
1
h
as
a
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
vol
t
ag
e
of
1
.00
p.u.,
w
h
i
ch
i
s
exp
ec
t
ed
a
s
i
t
se
r
ves
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t
h
e
r
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e
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e
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u
se
s
2
t
o
15
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e
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l
t
a
ge
m
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gni
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ude
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han
1.00
p.
u.,
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nd
i
ca
t
i
n
g
a
vo
l
t
a
ge
d
r
op
f
r
om
t
he
r
ef
er
e
nce
bus.
T
her
e
i
s
a
de
cr
ea
si
n
g
t
r
end
i
n
vo
l
t
a
ge m
agni
t
ude
s
f
r
o
m
B
us
2 t
o
B
u
s
15.
Th
e
vo
l
t
age
m
agn
i
t
udes
ar
e
r
e
l
at
i
ve
l
y
c
l
ose
f
or
B
u
se
s
1
1
t
o
15
,
su
gges
t
i
ng
a
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
el
y
u
ni
f
or
m
vol
t
ag
e
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i
n
t
hi
s
r
ange
.
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es
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i
t
h
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ow
er
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t
age
m
agn
i
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des
m
ay
be
pr
on
e
t
o
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ns
t
ab
i
l
i
t
y,
es
pec
i
a
l
l
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In
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ee
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ize
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ee
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ee
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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g
&
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m
p
Sci
I
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N:
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52
Op
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ig
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ee
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CO
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1
5
b
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ter
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.
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p
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ly
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h
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/s
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th
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ts
.
RE
F
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R
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NC
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[
1
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[
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EEE
Ac
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[
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[
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,
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[
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[
9]
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.
C
.
Y
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n
g
,
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.
J
.
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K
.
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[
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0
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A
.
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,
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.
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[
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1
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[
1
2
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J.
O
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n
g
,
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.
L
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,
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Z
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,
a
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.
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,
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,
v
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,
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p
.
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1
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