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stru
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t
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with
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a
s
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su
lt
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r
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s
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B
asic
t
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ain
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g
Dis
tan
ce
lear
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in
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I
n
d
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LMS
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New
co
m
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civ
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t
UT
AUT
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is i
s
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p
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uth
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r
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R
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b
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Dep
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Po
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I
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C
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Dep
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Dis
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Kar
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Kec
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p
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ca
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co
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1.
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NT
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h
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co
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p
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it
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jo
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[
1
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.
T
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in
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in
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with
th
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p
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T
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m
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d
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co
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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d
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J
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&
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p
Sci
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F
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2
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C
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p
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[
2
]
.
I
n
r
esp
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s
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Lemb
a
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q
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p
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tem
p
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u
s
p
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th
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class
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im
p
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atsar
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b
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s
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co
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ld
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cc
u
r
[
3
]
.
I
n
f
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tech
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lo
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n
d
lear
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class
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to
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is
tan
ce
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.
T
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p
p
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r
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d
ac
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p
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b
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ticip
ate
in
th
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ac
tiv
ities
[
4
]
.
T
h
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ch
allen
g
e
ar
is
es
d
u
e
to
I
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d
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s
ia
’
s
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
lo
ca
tio
n
c
o
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
1
7
,
0
0
0
is
lan
d
s
s
ep
ar
ated
b
y
o
ce
a
n
s
an
d
s
tr
aits
,
wh
er
e
th
e
av
a
ilab
ilit
y
o
f
i
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
an
d
d
e
v
ices
is
o
n
l
y
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
in
u
r
b
an
ar
ea
s
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
m
ain
ca
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
is
th
e
u
n
f
a
v
o
r
a
b
le
g
e
o
g
r
ap
h
ical
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
to
p
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
o
f
an
ar
ea
th
at
d
o
es
n
o
t
allo
w
th
e
b
u
ild
in
g
o
f
B
T
S
to
wer
s
b
ec
au
s
e
B
T
S
d
o
es
n
o
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
f
it o
cc
u
p
ies u
n
f
r
ee
a
ir
s
p
ac
e
(
o
b
s
tr
u
cted
b
y
tall b
u
i
ld
in
g
s
an
d
h
ills
)
[
6
]
.
I
n
ad
o
p
tin
g
a
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
in
L
atsar
C
P
NS,
a
g
o
o
d
m
eth
o
d
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
m
e
asu
r
e
h
o
w
m
u
ch
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
h
as
o
n
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
u
s
in
g
o
n
lin
e
lea
r
n
in
g
m
e
d
i
a
.
S
t
u
d
i
e
s
o
n
t
h
e
a
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
d
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
h
a
v
e
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
l
y
b
e
e
n
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
o
n
c
i
v
i
l
s
e
r
v
a
n
t
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
ies u
s
ed
th
e
u
n
if
ied
th
eo
r
y
o
f
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
an
d
u
s
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
UT
AUT
)
.
UT
AUT
is
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
m
eth
o
d
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
h
o
w
m
u
ch
u
s
er
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
7
]
-
[
9
]
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
s
ev
e
r
al
o
th
er
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
h
a
v
e
also
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
ct
e
d
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
u
s
in
g
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ica
l
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
m
o
d
el
(
T
AM
)
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
s
o
m
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
l
ea
r
n
in
g
,
th
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
n
o
ex
p
licit
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
n
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
a
n
d
d
ev
ices
a
s
well
as
th
e
in
ter
n
et
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
(
I
C
)
o
w
n
ed
b
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wh
eth
er
it
ca
n
h
av
e
a
d
ir
ec
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
SB
in
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
As
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
h
av
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
b
ee
n
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
,
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
a
n
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
will
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
wh
eth
e
r
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
t
h
e
L
atsar
C
P
NS le
ar
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
wh
et
h
er
th
e
v
ar
ia
b
les o
f
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
an
d
d
ev
ice
av
ai
lab
ilit
y
(
I
DA)
[
1
2
]
an
d
IC
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
3
]
,
will
af
f
ec
t
S
B
in
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
d
ec
r
ee
o
f
th
e
h
ea
d
o
f
th
e
State
Ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
Ag
en
c
y
n
u
m
b
er
,
1
4
/K.
1
/Pd
p
.
0
7
/2
0
2
2
r
eq
u
ir
es
t
h
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
L
a
t
s
a
r
C
P
NS
t
o
b
e
c
a
r
r
i
e
d
o
u
t
b
y
d
is
t
a
n
c
e
l
e
a
r
n
in
g
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
ass
i
v
e
o
p
e
n
o
n
l
i
n
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
(
M
O
OC
)
s
o
f
t
war
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
f
o
r
s
e
l
f
-
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
m
a
n
a
g
em
e
n
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
(
L
MS
)
f
o
r
d
i
s
t
a
n
ce
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
A
ND
H
YP
O
T
H
E
S
E
S D
E
V
E
L
O
P
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
wil
l
d
is
cu
s
s
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
will
also
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
esis
an
d
m
o
d
el
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
as
th
e
b
asis
o
f
th
e
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
is
b
asis
will b
e
u
s
ed
in
th
e
test
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
at
a
later
s
tag
e.
2
.
1
.
H
y
po
t
hes
is
dev
elo
pm
ent
I
n
th
is
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
,
s
ev
er
al
h
y
p
o
th
eses
ar
e
b
u
ilt
wh
ich
f
o
r
m
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
a
n
ew
m
o
d
el
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
e
h
y
p
o
t
h
esis
is
o
b
tain
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies.
A
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
w
h
ich
is
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
esis
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
2
.
1
.
1
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
ex
pect
a
t
i
o
n
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
(
PE)
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
h
o
w
m
a
n
y
p
e
o
p
le
th
in
k
u
tili
zin
g
a
s
tr
ateg
y
will
en
ab
le
th
em
to
g
ai
n
f
r
o
m
th
eir
wo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
8
]
.
I
n
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
,
PE
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
af
f
e
ct
SB
,
wh
ich
ca
n
af
f
ec
t sy
s
tem
u
s
ag
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
i
n
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
[
7
]
,
[
9
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
-
H1
:
PE
af
f
ec
t
SB
in
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
2
.
1
.
2
.
E
f
f
o
rt
e
x
pect
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
ef
f
o
r
t
ex
p
ec
tan
c
y
(EE)
f
ac
to
r
r
ef
lects
th
e
ea
s
e
o
f
lear
n
in
g
to
u
s
e
o
r
b
ein
g
s
k
illed
a
t
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
I
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
ea
s
y
t
o
u
s
e,
th
e
ef
f
o
r
t
will
n
o
t
b
e
to
o
h
ig
h
,
a
n
d
v
ice
v
er
s
a.
I
f
a
s
y
s
tem
is
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
u
s
e,
it r
eq
u
ir
es m
u
c
h
ef
f
o
r
t
[
8
]
.
I
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies,
EE
a
f
f
ec
t
SB
[
7
]
,
[
9
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
-
H2
:
EE
af
f
ec
ts
SB
in
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
2
.
1
.
3
.
So
cia
l inf
luence
T
h
e
s
o
cial
in
f
lu
en
ce
(
SI)
f
a
cto
r
is
th
e
ex
ten
t
to
wh
ic
h
an
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
p
er
ce
iv
es
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
b
eliev
ed
b
y
o
t
h
er
s
wh
o
will
in
f
lu
en
ce
u
s
er
s
to
u
s
e
th
e
n
ew
s
y
s
tem
[
8
]
.
SI
in
clu
d
es
a
p
er
s
o
n
’
s
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
r
ea
ctio
n
s
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
o
t
h
er
s
.
E
x
am
p
les
o
f
SI
in
d
icato
r
s
in
clu
d
e
p
ee
r
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
,
p
r
ess
u
r
e
f
r
o
m
f
am
ily
,
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
0
0
2
-
1
0
1
1
1004
o
th
er
f
ac
to
r
s
.
SI
is
also
d
ef
in
ed
as
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
v
iews
o
f
o
th
er
s
(
f
am
ily
,
s
u
p
er
io
r
s
,
an
d
f
r
ien
d
s
)
to
war
d
s
u
s
in
g
a
n
ew
s
y
s
tem
[
1
5
]
.
Fro
m
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
o
th
er
s
tu
d
ies,
SI
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
SB
in
th
e
d
i
s
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
7
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
-
H3
:
SI
af
f
ec
ts
SB
in
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
will
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
tr
u
s
t,
an
d
it
will
en
ab
l
e
th
em
to
in
teg
r
ate
th
e
u
s
e
of
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
to
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
p
r
a
ctice
s
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
eir
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
is
d
r
iv
en
b
y
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
’
s
r
ep
u
t
atio
n
,
th
e
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
’
s
em
p
ath
y
,
an
d
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
is
is
in
lin
e
with
th
e
r
esu
lts
in
o
th
e
r
s
tu
d
ies
wh
er
e
SI
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
af
f
ec
ts
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
(
SE)
[
4
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
an
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
,
SI
p
o
s
itiv
ely
c
o
r
r
elate
s
with
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
an
d
b
eh
a
v
io
r
t
o
war
d
th
eir
willin
g
n
ess
to
u
s
e
e
-
lear
n
in
g
[
1
8
]
.
-
H4
:
SI
af
f
ec
ts
SE
in
u
s
in
g
d
is
t
an
ce
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
2
.
1
.
4
.
I
nfr
a
s
t
ruct
ure
a
nd
dev
ice
a
v
a
ila
bil
it
y
I
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
o
f
e
-
lear
n
in
g
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
wer
e
e
-
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
,
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
ev
ices,
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
an
d
I
n
ter
n
et
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
is
d
eter
m
i
n
e
d
b
y
th
e
e
-
lear
n
i
n
g
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
av
ail
ab
ilit
y
o
f
in
f
r
astru
ct
u
r
e
an
d
d
ev
ices
ca
n
h
av
e
a
n
eg
ativ
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
co
n
f
id
en
ce
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
is
ca
n
o
cc
u
r
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
ig
ital
d
iv
id
e
in
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
,
as
in
d
icate
d
b
y
t
h
e
lack
o
f
I
n
ter
n
et
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ica
l
d
ev
ices
an
d
th
e
r
ea
d
in
ess
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
t
o
ad
o
p
t
d
ig
ital
t
ea
ch
in
g
m
ater
ials
.
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
I
n
te
r
n
et
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
av
ailab
ilit
y
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
s
o
f
twar
e
o
r
we
b
s
ites
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
co
m
f
o
r
t
i
n
f
o
llo
win
g
t
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
lea
r
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
1
0
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
an
o
t
h
er
p
r
o
b
lem
th
at
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
th
e
lo
w
SE
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
is
th
e
in
ad
eq
u
ate
o
wn
er
s
h
ip
o
f
d
i
g
ital
m
ed
ia
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
e
o
n
lin
e
le
ar
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
1
4
]
.
-
H
5
:
I
DA
af
f
ec
t th
e
p
a
r
ticip
an
t
s
’
SE
in
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
.
2
.
1
.
5
.
I
nte
rnet
ca
pa
bil
it
y
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
I
C
T
)
s
k
ills
ar
e
n
o
t
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
c
o
n
ce
r
n
in
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
,
as
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
b
asic
I
C
T
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
is
tau
g
h
t
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
.
T
h
e
I
C
T
lear
n
in
g
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
h
as
b
ee
n
i
m
p
lem
en
ted
in
g
en
e
r
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies
in
I
n
ter
n
et
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
k
ills
th
at
civ
il
s
er
v
an
ts
r
eq
u
i
r
e
in
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
I
n
ter
n
et
o
p
e
r
atio
n
a
l
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies,
I
n
ter
n
et
f
o
r
m
al
c
ap
ab
ilit
ies,
I
n
ter
n
et
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies,
an
d
I
n
ter
n
et
s
tr
ateg
ic
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
[
2
1
]
.
A
n
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
wed
t
h
at
in
ter
n
et
s
k
ills
ca
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
in
u
s
in
g
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
0
]
.
-
H
6
:
IC
af
f
ec
ts
s
tu
d
en
t
SE
in
d
i
s
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
2
.
1
.
6
.
Student
beha
v
io
r
SB
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
r
elate
s
to
u
s
a
g
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
w
h
ich
d
escr
ib
es
a
p
er
s
o
n
’
s
b
eh
av
io
r
in
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
is
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
in
ten
s
ity
o
r
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
u
s
er
s
u
s
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
B
ased
on
th
e
e
x
p
lan
atio
n
,
th
i
s
f
ac
to
r
m
ea
s
u
r
es
h
o
w
o
f
ten
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
u
s
e
MO
OC
s
an
d
L
M
S.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
SB
f
ac
to
r
ac
ts
as
a
d
ep
en
d
en
t
f
ac
to
r
th
at
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
e
x
t
en
t
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
ac
ce
p
ta
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
2
.
1
.
7
.
Self
-
ef
f
ica
c
y
SE
is
g
en
er
ally
d
escr
ib
ed
as
an
in
d
iv
id
u
al
’
s
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
in
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
ac
tio
n
s
n
ee
d
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
d
esire
d
o
u
tco
m
es
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
u
s
e
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
in
d
aily
lif
e
r
eq
u
ir
es
u
s
in
g
th
e
i
n
ter
n
et,
lap
to
p
s
,
web
-
b
ased
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
an
d
d
ig
ital
lear
n
in
g
to
o
ls
.
T
h
u
s
,
p
eo
p
le
co
n
f
i
d
en
t
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
will
h
av
e
a
f
av
o
r
ab
le
v
iew
o
f
e
-
l
ea
r
n
in
g
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
with
co
m
p
u
ter
a
n
x
iety
a
f
f
ec
t
th
eir
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
W
h
en
d
is
s
atis
f
ied
,
th
eir
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
an
d
tr
u
s
t
in
u
s
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
as
a
m
ed
i
u
m
will
b
e
d
ir
ec
tly
af
f
ec
ted
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
SE
in
u
s
in
g
c
o
m
p
u
ter
s
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
s
ep
a
r
ated
f
r
o
m
th
e
ea
s
e
o
f
ac
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
u
s
in
g
co
m
p
u
ter
s
[
2
2
]
.
Gen
er
ally
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
h
ig
h
er
SE
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
lear
n
i
n
g
m
o
r
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
tly
t
h
an
th
o
s
e
with
lo
wer
SE
[
2
3
]
.
B
ased
o
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
,
s
tu
d
en
t
SE
h
as
a
g
r
ea
t
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
n
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
-
H7
:
SE
af
f
ec
ts
SB
in
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
F
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
m
o
del
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
th
e
p
r
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p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
ca
n
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e
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n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
f
ig
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r
e
e
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p
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e
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r
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ased
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s
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n
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g
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f
PE
,
EE
,
SI
,
av
ailab
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ty
o
f
in
f
r
astru
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r
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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d
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J
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p
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5
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4
7
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F
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ce
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R
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)
1005
an
d
d
e
v
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an
d
in
ter
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ab
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is
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ex
o
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en
o
u
s
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d
en
d
o
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o
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s
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ac
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o
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s
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ac
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u
r
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1
.
R
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o
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m
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k
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2
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T
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t
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T
h
is
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co
n
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esp
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s
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is
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ar
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r
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im
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ased
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e
Slo
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ated
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(
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=
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1
+
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2
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1
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No
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n
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5
T
h
e
m
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im
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m
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m
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ata
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p
les
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eq
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ir
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ased
o
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th
e
ca
lcu
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n
o
f
th
e
Slo
v
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eq
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atio
n
is
3
5
6
.
8
3
o
r
ar
o
u
n
d
3
5
7
p
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p
le.
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ased
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th
e
n
u
m
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er
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f
r
esp
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s
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4
0
0
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tu
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f
r
o
m
3
8
p
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v
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in
I
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3
.
3
.
Da
t
a
c
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llect
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T
ab
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1
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h
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co
n
s
tr
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s
ed
as
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o
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e
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n
d
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s
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s
tu
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y
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T
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co
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s
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v
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wer
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b
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k
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w
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to
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6
in
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th
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ted
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T
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m
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.
3
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4
.
Da
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ata
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is
p
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s
was
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s
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m
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0
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9
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2
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[
2
6
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.
3
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4
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1
.
O
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ased
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with
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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52
In
d
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J
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t b
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in
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s
)
.
T
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1
.
L
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C
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sk
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[
7
]
,
[
1
4
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P
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EE
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I
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[
7
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1
4
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EE2
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[
7
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,
[
1
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S
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I
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1
P
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I
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[
7
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,
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S
B
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Th
e
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m
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1
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3
.
4
.
2
.
I
nn
er
m
o
del a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
in
n
er
m
o
d
el
an
aly
s
is
p
r
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ce
s
s
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
lo
o
k
in
g
at
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
/p
ath
co
ef
f
icien
t
b
etwe
en
o
n
e
laten
t
v
ar
iab
le
a
n
d
o
th
er
laten
t
v
ar
iab
les
by
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
p
o
th
esis
.
I
n
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
s
ev
er
al
s
tag
es o
f
th
e
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t a
s
f
o
llo
ws:
a)
C
o
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
t
-
s
tatis
tic
v
alu
e
with
th
e
t
-
tab
le
v
alu
e:
t
h
e
lim
it
o
f
th
e
t
-
tab
le
v
alu
e
u
s
ed
i
s
1
.
9
6
6
,
an
d
th
e
test
r
esu
lts
ar
e
d
ec
lar
ed
s
ig
n
if
ican
t if
th
e
t
-
s
tatis
tic
v
alu
e>
t
-
tab
le
v
alu
e
(
1
.
9
6
6
)
.
b)
P
-
v
alu
e
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
:
th
e
P
v
al
u
e
is
s
im
ilar
to
th
e
t
-
tab
le
v
alu
e,
b
u
t
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
lies
in
th
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
th
e
v
alu
e.
I
n
t
h
is
test
,
th
e
P
v
alu
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
b
elo
w
0
.
0
5
(
P<
0
.
0
5
)
;
if
th
e
P
v
alu
e
is
>0
.
0
5
,
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
v
ar
ia
b
les is
in
s
ig
n
if
ican
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
F
a
cto
r
s
a
ffectin
g
MOOC
a
n
d
LM
S
a
cc
ep
ta
n
ce
in
b
a
s
ic
tr
a
in
in
g
…
(
R
o
b
b
y
C
a
h
y
a
w
a
n
)
1007
c)
Fin
d
in
g
th
e
p
ath
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
v
alu
e:
th
e
p
at
h
co
ef
f
icien
t
h
as
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
v
alu
e
b
etw
ee
n
-
1
a
n
d
+
1
.
A
p
ath
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
v
alu
e
clo
s
e
to
+1
in
d
icate
s
a
s
tr
o
n
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
c
o
r
r
elate
d
v
ar
iab
les.
A
v
alu
e
clo
s
e
t
o
-
1
in
d
icate
s
a
v
er
y
s
tr
o
n
g
n
e
g
ativ
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
I
f
th
e
p
ath
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
h
as
a
v
alu
e
clo
s
e
to
0
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th
e
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c
o
r
r
elate
d
v
ar
ia
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les
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e
a
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er
y
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k
r
elatio
n
s
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ip
th
at
is
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
d
if
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er
en
t
f
r
o
m
ze
r
o
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
’
s
p
ath
co
e
f
f
icien
t v
alu
es a
r
e
d
en
o
ted
b
y
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
s
am
p
le
v
al
u
e
(
o
)
.
4.
DATA AN
AL
Y
SI
S A
ND
DI
SCUSS
I
O
N
T
h
e
d
ata
th
at
we
h
av
e
o
b
tai
n
ed
h
as
b
ee
n
r
a
n
d
o
m
l
y
s
o
r
ted
in
to
4
0
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
h
av
e
atten
d
e
d
L
atsar
C
PN
S
o
r
g
an
i
z
ed
b
y
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
at
we
h
av
e
d
o
n
e,
5
2
%
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
co
m
e
f
r
o
m
W
ester
n
I
n
d
o
n
esi
a
an
d
E
aster
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia
r
ea
ch
es
4
8
%.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wh
o
h
av
e
less
ex
p
er
ien
ce
in
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
is
1
9
%
o
f
th
e
to
tal
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
W
h
ile
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
h
av
e
m
o
r
e
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
in
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
r
ea
ch
ed
8
1
%
o
f
th
e
to
tal
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
4
.
1
.
O
ute
r
m
o
del a
na
l
y
s
is
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
in
th
is
an
aly
s
is
was
an
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
an
aly
s
is
with
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
.
I
n
th
e
tab
le,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
a
t
all
o
u
ter
lo
ad
in
g
s
an
d
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
v
alu
es
ar
e
>
0
.
7
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
o
u
te
r
lo
a
d
in
g
s
an
d
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
alp
h
a
th
at
we
o
b
tain
ed
in
th
e
test
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
T
ab
le
2
,
all
r
esu
lts
m
ee
t
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
,
s
o
th
at
f
u
r
th
er
test
in
g
ca
n
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t.
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
an
d
co
n
v
er
g
en
t
v
alid
ity
an
aly
s
is
r
esu
lt
C
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
O
u
t
e
r
l
o
a
d
i
n
g
s
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
’
s
a
l
p
h
a
PE
P
E1
0
.
7
7
7
0
0
.
8
8
0
8
P
E2
0
.
8
8
3
0
P
E3
0
.
8
9
1
4
P
E4
0
.
8
7
7
7
EE
EE1
0
.
8
8
1
2
0
.
9
0
4
7
EE2
0
.
8
7
6
0
EE3
0
.
8
8
0
3
EE4
0
.
8
8
9
3
SI
S
I
1
0
.
8
4
9
5
0
.
8
6
7
2
S
I
2
0
.
8
0
5
9
S
I
3
0
.
8
7
5
5
S
I
4
0
.
8
5
1
4
I
D
A
I
D
A
1
0
.
7
8
6
7
0
.
7
7
4
5
I
D
A
2
0
.
8
7
9
7
I
D
A
3
0
.
8
1
9
2
IC
I
C
1
0
.
8
7
5
6
0
.
8
5
7
8
I
C
2
0
.
8
7
6
7
I
C
3
0
.
7
9
2
6
I
C
4
0
.
8
0
1
5
SE
S
E1
0
.
8
2
3
1
0
.
8
3
8
7
S
E2
0
.
8
0
6
8
S
E3
0
.
8
1
1
9
S
E4
0
.
8
3
5
8
SB
S
B
1
0
.
8
4
4
3
0
.
8
3
7
1
S
B
2
0
.
8
8
3
6
S
B
3
0
.
8
7
7
1
T
h
e
n
e
x
t
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
s
d
i
s
c
r
i
m
in
a
n
t
v
a
l
id
i
t
y
an
a
l
y
s
is
(
c
r
o
s
s
-
lo
a
d
in
g
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
en
t
)
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
t
e
s
t
e
d
a
t
th
e
i
n
d
i
c
a
to
r
a
n
d
l
a
te
n
t
v
ar
i
a
b
l
e
l
ev
e
l
s
a
n
d
th
e
r
es
u
l
t
s
c
an
b
e
s
e
e
n
in
T
a
b
le
3
.
I
n
t
h
e
t
ab
l
e
,
i
t
c
an
b
e
s
e
e
n
th
a
t
t
h
e
l
a
te
n
t
v
a
r
i
ab
l
e
v
a
lu
e
i
n
th
e
r
e
d
b
o
x
h
a
s
a
g
r
e
a
t
er
v
a
lu
e
th
a
n
th
e
o
th
e
r
v
a
r
i
ab
l
e
v
a
l
u
e
s
(
i
n
p
ar
a
l
l
e
l
r
o
w
s
a
n
d
c
o
lu
m
n
s
)
.
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
th
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
f
th
e
d
i
s
c
r
im
i
n
an
t
v
a
l
id
i
t
y
an
a
ly
s
i
s
(
c
r
o
s
s
-
lo
a
d
in
g
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
)
t
h
a
t
m
e
e
t
s
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
e
m
en
t
s
,
t
h
e
l
a
t
en
t
v
ar
i
ab
l
e
v
a
lu
e
s
u
s
ed
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
a
r
e
s
u
i
t
a
b
le
f
o
r
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
w
i
th
th
e
F
o
r
n
e
l
l
-
L
ac
k
e
r
t
e
s
t
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
d
is
cr
im
in
a
n
t
v
alid
ity
test
(
Fo
r
n
ell
-
L
ac
k
er
ass
ess
m
en
t)
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
T
ab
le
4
.
T
h
e
tab
le
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
laten
t
v
ar
iab
le
v
alu
e
i
n
th
e
r
e
d
b
o
x
is
g
r
ea
te
r
th
an
all
o
t
h
er
v
ar
iab
le
v
alu
e
s
(
in
p
ar
allel
r
o
ws
an
d
co
l
u
m
n
s
).
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
lo
ad
in
g
a
n
d
Fo
r
n
ell
-
L
ac
k
er
test
s
,
th
e
m
o
d
el
is
elig
ib
le
f
o
r
in
n
e
r
m
o
d
el
an
a
ly
s
is
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
0
0
2
-
1
0
1
1
1008
T
ab
le
3
.
Dis
cr
im
in
an
t v
ali
d
ity
(
cr
o
s
s
-
lo
ad
in
g
ass
ess
m
en
t
)
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EE
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I
D
A
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SE
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E1
0
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7
7
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0
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5
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0
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4
0
3
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5
4
6
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3
2
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3
8
4
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5
3
6
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8
8
3
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6
4
7
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5
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2
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2
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5
3
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5
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5
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2
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9
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9
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0
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8
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0
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3
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0
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6
2
0
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8
3
6
0
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6
4
6
S
B
1
0
.
6
5
8
0
.
5
8
4
0
.
6
5
9
0
.
4
0
8
0
.
5
8
8
0
.
6
4
5
0
.
8
4
4
S
B
2
0
.
5
8
5
0
.
5
7
3
0
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6
1
0
0
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3
6
8
0
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5
6
4
0
.
6
5
3
0
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8
8
4
S
B
3
0
.
7
7
4
0
.
8
0
8
0
.
5
9
8
0
.
4
8
8
0
.
5
9
3
0
.
6
0
8
0
.
8
7
7
T
ab
le
4
.
Dis
cr
im
in
an
t
v
ali
d
ity
(
Fo
r
n
ell
-
L
ac
k
e
r
a
s
s
ess
m
en
t)
SB
EE
IC
I
D
A
PE
SE
SI
SB
0
.
8
6
8
EE
0
.
7
6
1
0
.
8
8
2
IC
0
.
6
7
1
0
.
5
5
5
0
.
8
3
8
I
D
A
0
.
4
8
8
0
.
4
4
8
0
.
3
7
9
0
.
8
2
9
PE
0
.
7
7
9
0
.
7
9
2
0
.
5
2
4
0
.
5
6
1
0
.
8
5
9
SE
0
.
7
3
0
0
.
5
3
3
0
.
6
1
2
0
.
3
2
8
0
.
5
8
1
0
.
8
1
9
SI
0
.
7
1
6
0
.
5
8
0
0
.
6
1
6
0
.
3
5
0
0
.
5
7
2
0
.
5
6
1
0
.
8
4
6
4
.
2
.
I
nn
er
m
o
del a
na
ly
s
is
a
n
d hy
po
t
hes
is
t
esti
ng
re
s
ult
B
ased
o
n
th
e
an
aly
s
is
r
esu
lts
th
at
we
h
av
e
co
m
p
iled
in
T
a
b
le
5
,
we
f
in
d
th
at
H1
,
H2
,
a
n
d
H3
,
ar
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
ar
e
i
n
ac
c
o
r
d
a
n
ce
wi
th
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
w
h
er
e
PE
-
>SB
,
E
E
-
>SB
,
an
d
SI
-
>SB
,
h
av
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
test
r
esu
lts
[
7
]
,
[
9
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
,
ac
a
d
em
ics,
ex
p
er
ts
,
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
,
an
d
d
esig
n
er
s
o
f
e
-
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
s
h
o
u
ld
f
o
cu
s
o
n
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
th
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
ac
a
d
e
m
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
s
o
th
at
in
t
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
p
atter
n
s
ar
e
n
o
t
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
f
o
r
o
r
g
an
izin
g
L
atsar
C
PNS,
b
u
t
ca
n
also
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
o
r
g
an
izin
g
o
th
e
r
ty
p
es
o
f
tr
ain
in
g
f
o
r
civ
il
s
er
v
an
ts
.
W
h
en
b
u
ild
in
g
an
d
/
o
r
m
o
d
if
y
in
g
an
e
-
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
,
tr
ain
in
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
co
n
s
id
er
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
s
o
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
c
an
u
s
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
a
s
ea
s
i
ly
as p
o
s
s
ib
le
(
with
less
ef
f
o
r
t)
s
o
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
m
o
tiv
ated
to
u
s
e
it.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
L
atsar
C
PNS,
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
o
r
g
an
izer
s
m
u
s
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
tr
ai
n
in
g
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
er
v
ices,
wh
ich
will
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
th
e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Or
g
an
izatio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
as
a
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
f
o
llo
w
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
T
ab
le
5
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
SI
-
>SE
,
an
d
I
T
C
-
>SE
als
o
h
av
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
r
esu
lts
s
o
th
a
t
H4
an
d
H6
ca
n
b
e
ac
ce
p
ted
an
d
th
ese
r
esu
lts
ar
e
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
[
4
]
,
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
at
r
esu
lts
,
tr
ain
in
g
o
r
g
an
iz
atio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
im
p
r
o
v
e
tech
n
ic
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t ser
v
ices,
b
ec
au
s
e
th
is
ca
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
t
o
b
e
ab
le
to
p
ar
ticip
at
e
in
L
atsar
C
PNS.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
wh
er
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
wo
r
k
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
en
s
e
o
f
SE
s
o
it
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
e
m
p
h
asized
ag
ain
ab
o
u
t
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
L
atsar
C
PNS
ac
tiv
itie
s
by
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
in
ac
c
o
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
p
o
licies
m
ad
e
b
y
L
AN
as
th
e
f
o
s
ter
in
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
f
o
r
L
atsar
C
PNS
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
I
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
im
p
lem
en
t
atio
n
o
f
L
atsar
C
PNS,
th
e
o
r
g
an
izer
s
ca
n
at
least
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
p
ec
ial
tr
ain
i
n
g
r
elate
d
to
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
ed
in
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
a
n
d
n
o
t
ju
s
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
g
u
id
eb
o
o
k
r
elate
d
to
th
e
o
p
e
r
a
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
tr
ain
in
g
,
b
ec
a
u
s
e
n
o
t
all
s
tu
d
en
ts
ca
n
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
s
tep
s
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
tak
en
in
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
in
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
a
n
d
n
o
t a
ll st
u
d
en
ts
ar
e
ex
p
er
ts
i
n
in
ter
n
et
s
k
ills
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
an
aly
s
is
in
T
ab
le
5
,
SE
-
>
S
B
h
a
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
,
s
o
b
ased
o
n
th
ese
r
esu
lts
H7
ca
n
b
e
ac
ce
p
t
ed
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
ar
e
in
ac
c
o
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
h
av
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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f
o
r
e
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
,
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
SE
,
t
r
ain
in
g
o
r
g
an
i
z
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
a
b
le
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
e
ase
o
f
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
L
MS
an
d
M
OOC.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
wh
er
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
w
o
r
k
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
p
ar
ticip
ati
n
g
in
d
is
tan
ce
lea
r
n
in
g
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
ass
is
tan
ce
an
d
th
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
d
ev
ices.
W
ith
th
e
co
n
v
en
ien
ce
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
SE
lev
el
ca
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
an
d
it c
an
m
o
tiv
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
i
n
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
e
in
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
test
r
esu
lts
i
n
T
ab
le
5
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
in
th
e
I
DA
-
>SE
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
wh
ich
ca
u
s
es
H5
to
b
e
r
ejec
ted
.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
d
if
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
i
n
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
,
wh
er
e
th
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
a
n
d
d
ev
ices
h
as
a
n
eg
ativ
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
SE
[
7
]
,
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
e
x
is
ten
ce
o
f
a
d
ig
ital
d
iv
id
e
an
d
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
lo
w
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
lev
els
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
ca
n
b
e
a
p
r
o
b
lem
wh
en
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
ad
icts
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
i
es
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
,
alth
o
u
g
h
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
h
a
v
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
an
d
d
e
v
ices
ca
n
b
e
a
th
r
ea
t
to
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
L
atsar
C
PNS
b
y
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
.
As
a
s
te
p
to
an
ticip
ate
th
is
s
itu
atio
n
,
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
a
n
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
wh
er
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
wo
r
k
ca
n
f
o
r
m
u
late
p
o
lici
es
r
elate
d
to
b
u
d
g
et
n
ee
d
s
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
i
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
an
d
d
ev
ices th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
will n
ee
d
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
i
n
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
an
ticip
a
to
r
y
s
tep
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
tak
en
ar
e
g
r
o
u
p
i
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
to
a
ce
r
tain
ar
ea
th
at
is
n
o
t
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
d
ig
ital
d
i
v
id
e
an
d
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
th
e
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
n
ee
d
e
d
b
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
in
L
atsar
C
PNS.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
s
tu
d
en
ts
ca
n
tak
e
p
ar
t
in
L
atsar
C
PN
S
ac
tiv
ities
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
f
f
ice
w
h
er
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
wo
r
k
.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
o
r
g
an
ized
b
y
t
h
e
s
tu
d
en
t
’
s
wo
r
k
p
lace
o
r
g
an
izati
o
n
.
T
ab
le
5
.
I
n
n
er
m
o
d
el
a
n
aly
s
is
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
s
a
mp
l
e
(
O
)
T
st
a
t
i
st
i
c
s
P
v
a
l
u
e
s
R
e
s
u
l
t
D
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
PE
-
>
SB
0
.
2
6
8
5
.
8
9
6
0
.
0
0
0
S
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
H
1
a
c
c
e
p
t
e
d
EE
-
>
SB
0
.
2
3
9
5
.
7
9
5
0
.
0
0
0
S
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
H
2
a
c
c
e
p
t
e
d
SI
-
>
SB
0
.
2
5
3
7
.
7
4
5
0
.
0
0
0
S
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
H
3
a
c
c
e
p
t
e
d
SI
-
>
SE
0
.
2
8
3
5
.
2
0
3
0
.
0
0
0
S
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
H
4
a
c
c
e
p
t
e
d
I
D
A
-
>
SE
0
.
0
7
3
1
.
7
5
2
0
.
0
8
0
N
o
t
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
H
5
r
e
j
e
c
t
e
d
IC
-
>
SE
0
.
4
1
0
7
.
2
2
0
0
.
0
0
0
S
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
H
6
a
c
c
e
p
t
e
d
SE
-
>
SB
0
.
3
0
5
7
.
6
8
6
0
.
0
0
0
S
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
H
7
a
c
c
e
p
t
e
d
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
B
ased
o
n
th
e
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
we
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
th
e
in
ter
n
et
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
v
ar
iab
le
ca
n
a
f
f
ec
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
SE
wh
ich
ca
n
in
d
ir
e
ctly
af
f
ec
t
t
h
eir
b
e
h
av
io
r
in
f
o
llo
win
g
t
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
lea
r
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
in
o
u
r
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
th
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
i
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
an
d
d
ev
ices
d
id
n
o
t
h
av
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
SE
.
T
h
is
v
ar
iab
le
is
n
o
t
s
p
ec
ial
in
th
e
UT
AUT
m
eth
o
d
in
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
av
ai
l
ab
ilit
y
o
f
f
ac
ilit
ies
an
d
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
an
d
also
t
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
a
b
ilit
ies
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
in
clu
d
ed
in
t
h
e
f
a
cilitatin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
v
ar
iab
le,
th
er
e
is
n
o
s
p
ec
if
ic
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
th
ese
two
v
ar
iab
les.
Fu
r
th
er
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
an
aly
z
e
wh
eth
er
th
e
av
ailab
i
lity
o
f
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
an
d
d
ev
ices
ca
n
h
av
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
SE
in
o
th
er
tr
ain
in
g
s
ettin
g
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
f
u
r
th
er
in
-
d
ep
th
s
tu
d
ies
m
ay
b
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
m
o
d
er
atin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
m
ay
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
wee
n
ex
o
g
e
n
o
u
s
a
n
d
e
n
d
o
g
en
o
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
in
th
e
m
ain
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
,
esp
ec
ially
o
n
th
eir
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
b
e
h
av
io
r
in
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
W
e
wh
o
leh
ea
r
ted
ly
th
an
k
s
to
th
e
D
o
cto
r
al
Stu
d
y
Pr
o
g
r
am
o
f
L
ea
d
er
s
h
i
p
an
d
Po
licy
I
n
n
o
v
atio
n
,
Un
iv
er
s
itas
Gad
jah
Ma
d
a,
a
n
d
th
e
C
en
ter
f
o
r
H
u
m
an
R
eso
u
r
ce
Dev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
T
r
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
Ap
p
ar
atu
s
f
o
r
th
eir
c
o
o
p
e
r
atio
n
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t in
co
m
p
letin
g
th
e
w
r
itin
g
o
f
th
is
s
cien
tific
p
ap
er
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
M
.
M.
S
a
e
e
d
a
n
d
M
.
A.
A
s
g
h
a
r
,
“
E
x
a
mi
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
sh
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
,
m
o
t
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
j
o
b
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
-
t
h
e
mo
d
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
r
o
l
e
o
f
p
e
r
s
o
n
j
o
b
f
i
t
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
B
a
s
i
c
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
R
e
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
1
2
1
7
7
–
1
2
1
8
3
,
2
0
1
2
,
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
w
w
w
.
t
e
x
t
r
o
a
d
.
c
o
m.
[
2
]
P
r
e
si
d
e
n
R
e
p
u
b
l
i
k
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
,
“
G
o
v
e
r
n
me
n
t
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
p
u
b
l
i
c
o
f
i
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
2
1
o
f
2
0
2
0
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
i
n
g
l
a
r
g
e
-
s
c
a
l
e
so
c
i
a
l
r
e
s
t
r
i
c
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
o
f
a
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
h
a
n
d
l
i
n
g
o
f
c
o
r
o
n
a
v
i
r
u
s
d
i
se
a
se
2
0
1
9
(
C
O
V
I
D
-
19)
(
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
n
:
Pe
r
a
t
u
ra
n
p
e
m
e
r
i
n
t
a
h
r
e
p
u
b
l
i
k
i
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
n
o
m
o
r
2
1
t
a
h
u
n
2
0
2
0
t
e
n
t
a
n
g
p
e
m
b
a
t
a
sa
n
s
o
s
i
a
l
b
e
rsk
a
l
a
b
e
s
a
r
d
a
l
a
m
r
a
n
g
k
a
p
e
rce
p
a
t
a
n
p
e
n
a
n
g
a
n
a
n
c
o
ro
n
a
v
i
r
u
s
d
i
s
e
a
se
2
0
1
9
(
C
O
VI
D
-
19)
)
,
”
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
n
g
Em
e
rg
e
n
c
y
Pr
e
p
a
r
e
d
n
e
s
s
.
p
p
.
1
–
8
,
2
0
2
0
,
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
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p
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sc
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@u
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m
.
a
c
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id
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.