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[
1
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.
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x
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ts
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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d
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J
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&
C
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p
Sci
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N:
2
5
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2
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4
7
52
Do
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a
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ck
d
etec
tio
n
a
n
d
h
ill
climb
in
g
b
a
s
ed
o
p
tima
l
fo
r
w
a
r
d
er selectio
n
(
P
a
la
ma
la
i R
a
d
h
a
kris
h
n
a
n
)
883
So
f
twar
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ex
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its
an
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f
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in
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attac
k
s
ar
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two
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f
D
o
S
attac
k
s
[
2
]
.
I
n
s
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f
twar
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x
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tly
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s
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es
m
en
tio
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b
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m
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n
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o
u
s
r
eq
u
ests
[
3
]
.
An
ar
ith
m
etica
l o
p
tim
izatio
n
n
am
ed
h
ill clim
b
in
g
(
HC
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is
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f
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HC
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ch
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b
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o
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n
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d
)
to
c
o
n
f
ir
m
th
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p
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t
co
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d
itio
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[
4
]
.
I
f
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ch
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eiv
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with
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ality
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n
d
itio
n
.
Af
ter
war
d
,
iter
ate
th
e
s
tep
s
till
a
r
esu
lt
is
d
ec
id
ed
o
r
th
er
e
is
n
o
a
p
p
ea
r
a
n
ce
o
f
r
ec
en
t o
p
er
ato
r
r
esid
u
e
in
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tate.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
two
s
tag
es
ar
e
p
r
o
c
ee
d
in
g
in
th
e
lo
o
p
.
Firstl
y
,
th
e
u
n
ap
p
lied
o
p
er
at
o
r
is
s
elec
ted
an
d
ap
p
lied
i
n
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tate
an
d
b
u
ild
s
th
e
f
r
esh
s
tate.
Valid
atin
g
th
e
f
r
esh
s
tate
is
th
e
n
ex
t
s
tag
e.
A
b
et
ter
s
tate
q
u
ality
is
s
elec
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
ab
o
v
e
s
tag
es
to
p
r
esen
t
in
HC
[
5
]
.
I
t
g
u
id
es
to
q
u
ality
o
f
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
in
v
en
tio
n
.
Sev
er
al
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ar
e
m
an
ag
e
d
,
wh
ich
is
HC
b
en
ef
its
.
I
n
th
is
cr
iter
i
o
n
,
cu
s
to
m
izatio
n
an
d
alter
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
eth
o
d
is
ap
p
r
o
v
ed
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
ad
ap
t
atio
n
an
d
d
is
cr
ete
d
o
m
ain
s
ar
e
o
p
er
ated
.
T
o
r
aise
th
e
lo
ca
l
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
,
th
e
HC
ca
u
s
e
is
in
clu
d
ed
in
t
h
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
.
HC
i
s
th
e
s
im
p
lest
lo
ca
l
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
I
n
itially
,
it
b
eg
in
s
with
an
a
r
b
itra
r
y
s
o
l
u
tio
n
a
n
d
t
h
en
s
h
its
iter
ativ
el
y
f
r
o
m
a
r
o
o
t
-
to
-
c
h
ild
s
o
lu
tio
n
u
n
til
n
o
b
es
t
-
ch
ild
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ar
e
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
.
B
y
t
h
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
o
p
i
n
io
n
o
f
th
e
H
C
tech
n
iq
u
e,
it r
aises
th
e
lo
ca
l
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
ab
ilit
y
.
Pro
b
lem
s
tatem
en
t:
a
m
eth
o
d
u
s
in
g
ar
tific
ial
n
e
u
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
NNs)
to
id
en
tify
Do
S
attac
k
s
(
ANND
)
v
ia
m
an
ag
em
en
t
f
r
a
m
es.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
m
eth
o
d
s
ee
k
s
to
e
f
f
icien
t
ly
id
en
tif
y
b
o
g
u
s
de
-
au
th
en
ticatio
n
/d
is
ass
o
ciati
o
n
f
r
am
es
an
d
en
h
a
n
ce
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
y
p
r
ev
e
n
tin
g
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
h
iccu
p
s
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
o
n
b
y
s
u
ch
a
ttack
s
[
6
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
a
n
aly
ze
p
atter
n
s
an
d
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
in
th
e
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
fr
am
es
s
en
t
b
ac
k
an
d
f
o
r
th
b
etwe
en
wir
eless
d
ev
ices,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
NN
m
eth
o
d
m
ak
es
u
s
e
o
f
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
p
r
ec
is
ely
id
en
tify
p
r
o
b
a
b
le
Do
S a
ttack
s
b
y
tr
ain
in
g
th
e
NN.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
is
m
ec
h
an
is
m
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
f
al
s
e
alar
m
r
ate
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
I
n
ad
d
iti
o
n
,
it
ca
n
’
t
f
o
r
war
d
th
e
d
ata
ef
f
icien
tly
.
W
o
r
k
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
:
t
h
e
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
o
f
Do
S
attac
k
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
h
ill
clim
b
in
g
(
DDHC
)
m
ec
h
an
is
m
is
s
p
ec
if
ied
b
elo
w
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
ec
h
an
is
m
u
tili
ze
s
a
Fu
zz
y
lear
n
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
to
f
i
n
d
o
u
t
D
o
S
th
r
ea
ts
.
T
h
e
n
o
d
e
b
an
d
wid
th
,
c
o
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
,
p
ac
k
et
r
ec
ei
v
ed
r
ate,
u
tili
ze
d
en
er
g
y
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
t
im
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
to
d
etec
t
th
e
n
o
d
e
ab
n
o
r
m
ality
.
T
h
is
ab
n
o
r
m
ality
d
ec
id
es
th
e
n
o
d
e'
s
f
u
tu
r
e
s
tate
an
d
d
etec
t
s
th
e
Do
S
attac
k
e
r
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
HC
alg
o
r
it
h
m
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
o
p
tim
al
r
o
u
te
b
y
HC
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
is
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
co
m
p
u
ted
b
ased
o
n
n
o
d
e
en
er
g
y
,
n
o
d
e
-
lin
k
ter
m
in
al
tim
e,
t
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
two
n
o
d
es,
an
d
h
o
p
co
u
n
ts
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
n
o
d
e
is
elec
ted
as
a
n
o
p
tim
al
f
o
r
war
d
er
f
o
r
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
in
th
e
W
ANE
T
.
A
f
u
zz
y
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
d
etec
t
Do
S
attac
k
s
,
wh
ich
in
cr
ea
s
es
at
tack
d
etec
tio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
lo
wer
s
f
alse
alar
m
r
ates.
T
h
e
r
em
ain
in
g
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
is
p
r
ep
ar
ed
as
f
o
llo
ws.
T
h
e
D
DHC
m
ec
h
an
is
m
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
Sec
tio
n
3
ex
p
lain
s
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
,
an
d
s
ec
tio
n
4
co
n
clu
d
es
th
e
ar
ticle
with
a
s
u
m
m
ar
y
an
d
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
esear
ch
o
f
PHHO
m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
I
t
is
n
o
t
s
u
r
p
r
is
in
g
th
at
a
lo
t
o
f
r
esear
ch
is
d
o
n
e
d
ai
ly
t
o
d
ef
en
d
n
etwo
r
k
s
ag
ai
n
s
t
D
o
S
att
ac
k
s
s
in
ce
th
is
f
o
r
m
o
f
attac
k
ca
u
s
es
a
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
to
g
o
d
o
wn
co
m
p
letely
o
r
p
a
r
tially
[
6
]
.
M
u
ltip
le
ca
teg
o
r
ies
m
ay
b
e
u
s
ed
t
o
ca
teg
o
r
ize
D
o
S
att
ac
k
s
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
b
ile
n
o
d
e
’
s
lim
ited
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
a
r
e
th
e
f
o
cu
s
o
f
a
f
lo
o
d
i
n
g
-
b
ased
Do
S
attac
k
,
cu
l
m
in
atin
g
in
a
d
en
ial
o
f
s
leep
attac
k
an
d
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
b
atter
y
b
ac
k
u
p
u
s
e
[
8
]
.
I
n
a
Do
S
attac
k
u
s
in
g
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
ize
s
eq
u
en
ce
n
u
m
b
er
(
SYN
)
f
lo
o
d
in
g
,
th
e
att
ac
k
er
s
en
d
s
s
ev
er
al
f
ak
e
SYN
p
ac
k
ets,
ex
ce
ed
in
g
th
e
tar
g
et
b
u
f
f
e
r
an
d
c
o
n
g
est
in
g
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
ar
ticle
is
s
p
lit
in
to
th
r
ee
s
ec
tio
n
s
:
i
)
u
s
in
g
B
ay
esian
in
f
er
en
ce
to
d
escr
ib
e
SYN
tr
af
f
ic
m
ath
em
atica
lly
;
ii)
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
at
B
ay
esian
in
f
er
en
ce
an
d
ex
p
o
n
e
n
tially
weig
h
ted
m
o
v
i
n
g
a
v
er
ag
e
ar
e
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t;
an
d
iii)
c
r
ea
tin
g
a
n
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
d
etec
tin
g
SYN
f
lo
o
d
in
g
attac
k
s
u
s
in
g
B
ay
esian
in
f
er
en
ce
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
to
with
s
tan
d
attac
k
s
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
s
u
g
g
ests
a
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
b
ased
o
n
i
n
tr
u
s
io
n
d
etec
to
r
s
[
9
]
.
I
t
ev
al
u
ates
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
f
alse
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
in
tr
u
s
io
n
d
etec
to
r
s
ag
ain
s
t
Do
S
attac
k
s
s
in
ce
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
attac
k
-
r
esil
ien
t
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
as
s
u
m
e
th
e
c
o
m
p
lete
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
in
tr
u
s
io
n
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
r
ea
l a
ttack
o
p
ti
o
n
ca
n
o
n
ly
b
e
d
etec
ted
in
s
tea
d
o
f
p
r
esu
m
in
g
th
at
a
d
ef
en
s
e
will b
e
awa
r
e
o
f
it.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
co
n
tr
o
ller
ch
an
g
es its
co
n
tr
o
l g
ain
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
etec
ted
attac
k
c
h
o
ice
r
a
th
er
th
a
n
th
e
ac
tu
al
attac
k
.
A
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
t
o
b
u
ild
a
n
in
tr
u
s
io
n
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
p
r
ev
e
n
tio
n
s
y
s
t
em
th
at
ca
n
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
an
d
s
to
p
Do
S
attac
k
s
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
d
e
ep
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
el
d
iv
id
es
r
ec
eiv
ed
p
ac
k
ets
to
t
h
e
web
s
er
v
er
in
to
n
o
r
m
al
p
ac
k
ets
an
d
Do
S
attac
k
ca
teg
o
r
ies
to
r
ed
u
ce
Do
S
attac
k
s
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
en
a
b
les
y
o
u
to
s
witch
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
's
Do
S
d
etec
tio
n
m
o
d
e
an
d
th
e
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
m
o
d
e,
an
d
it
ca
n
v
is
u
al
ly
a
n
d
tex
t
u
ally
s
h
o
w
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
f
r
o
m
ca
p
tu
r
ed
an
d
ca
teg
o
r
ized
p
ac
k
ets
[
1
1
]
.
Do
S
attac
k
d
etec
tio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
Do
S
attac
k
s
th
at
u
s
e
d
at
a
p
lan
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
k
it
(
DPDK)
to
em
b
ed
in
tellig
en
ce
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
is
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
k
n
o
wn
as
a
DPDK
-
b
ased
Do
S
d
etec
tio
n
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
in
ce
DPDK
o
f
f
er
s
q
u
ick
p
ac
k
et
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
d
ata
p
lan
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
s
tatis
tical
a
n
o
m
aly
d
etec
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e,
wh
ich
u
s
es
DPDK
to
im
p
lem
en
t
it
as
a
v
ir
tu
al
n
etwo
r
k
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
n
t
h
e
d
ata
p
lan
e,
p
r
o
v
id
es q
u
ic
k
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
DDo
S a
ttack
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
20
24
:
8
8
2
-
8
9
1
884
Fra
m
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
m
ess
ag
e
q
u
e
u
in
g
telem
etr
y
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
(
M
QT
T
)
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
Do
S
attac
k
d
etec
tio
n
is
test
ed
u
s
in
g
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
,
p
r
o
to
co
l
-
co
m
p
lian
t
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
s
[
1
3
]
.
A
Do
S
attac
k
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
m
ac
h
in
e
lea
r
n
in
g
is
u
s
ed
t
o
d
ef
e
n
d
MQ
T
T
m
ess
ag
e
b
r
o
k
e
r
s
ag
ain
s
t
s
u
ch
attac
k
s
.
A
r
eliab
le,
n
o
n
p
ar
am
etr
ic,
u
n
m
o
d
i
f
ied
d
etec
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
m
ed
ia
-
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
la
y
er
Do
S
attac
k
s
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
t
r
ac
k
s
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
an
d
ter
m
in
al
co
llis
io
n
s
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
u
s
in
g
t
r
u
n
ca
ted
s
eq
u
en
tial
Ko
lm
o
g
o
r
o
v
-
Sm
ir
n
o
v
s
tatis
tics
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ici
en
t
Do
S
attac
k
s
d
etec
tio
n
g
o
al
is
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
tr
u
s
io
n
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
(
I
DS
)
f
o
r
id
en
tify
i
n
g
Do
S
attac
k
s
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
p
r
esen
ts
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
em
p
ir
ical
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
aim
e
d
a
t
ass
ess
in
g
s
ev
er
al
Data
m
i
n
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
wh
ich
wer
e
in
itially
tr
ied
u
tili
zin
g
all
av
ailab
le
d
ata
a
n
d
ass
es
s
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
d
etec
tio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
tim
e
c
o
m
p
lex
it
y
.
A
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
elec
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
h
as
also
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
ar
ea
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
ac
h
ie
v
e
a
h
ig
h
ac
cu
r
ac
y
r
ate.
Attack
s
o
n
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
,
s
u
ch
as
Do
S,
attem
p
t
to
p
r
o
h
ib
it
g
e
n
u
in
e
u
s
er
s
f
r
o
m
u
s
in
g
th
e
n
etw
o
r
k
.
Kee
p
in
m
i
n
d
th
at
Do
S
a
ttack
s
ar
e
d
is
tin
ct
f
r
o
m
s
elf
is
h
ac
tio
n
s
d
r
iv
e
n
b
y
p
o
ten
tial
r
ewa
r
d
s
[
1
6
]
.
Do
S
attac
k
s
ar
e
s
im
p
le
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t,
esp
ec
ially
in
t
h
e
wir
eless
r
ea
lm
,
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
n
atu
r
e
o
f
wir
eless
n
e
two
r
k
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
o
th
er
8
0
2
.
1
1
-
s
p
ec
if
ic
Do
S
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
ies
h
av
e
r
ec
e
n
tly
b
ee
n
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal.
A
Do
S
attac
k
m
ay
b
e
ea
s
ily
lau
n
ch
ed
b
y
an
ad
v
er
s
ar
y
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
s
h
ar
ed
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
m
e
d
i
u
m
[
1
7
]
.
A
r
o
g
u
e
n
o
d
e
m
ay
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
a
r
ad
i
o
s
ig
n
al
to
p
r
e
v
en
t
au
th
o
r
ized
u
s
er
s
f
r
o
m
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
m
ed
iu
m
an
d
/o
r
to
o
b
s
tr
u
ct
r
ec
ep
tio
n
.
T
h
e
m
alicio
u
s
n
o
d
e
s
ar
e
r
ef
er
r
e
d
to
as
jam
m
er
s
,
an
d
th
is
b
eh
av
i
o
r
is
k
n
o
wn
as
jam
m
i
n
g
.
J
am
m
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
r
a
n
g
e
f
r
o
m
s
im
p
le
attac
k
s
th
at
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
tr
an
s
m
it in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
als to
m
o
r
e
c
o
m
p
lex
o
n
es th
at
tar
g
et
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
r
o
to
c
o
l w
ea
k
n
ess
es
.
T
h
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
ev
en
t
-
b
ased
f
au
lt
id
en
tific
atio
n
f
o
r
u
n
m
an
n
ed
s
u
r
f
ac
e
v
eh
icles
(
USVs
)
s
u
b
je
ct
to
Do
S
jam
m
er
attac
k
s
is
ad
d
r
ess
ed
[
1
8
]
.
A
r
o
b
u
s
t
ev
e
n
t
-
tr
ig
g
e
r
e
d
m
ec
h
an
is
m
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
to
less
en
th
e
USV
s
y
s
tem
'
s
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
b
a
n
d
wid
th
u
s
e
wh
ile
r
e
d
u
cin
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
Do
S
attac
k
s
.
Attack
s
u
s
in
g
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
d
en
ial
o
f
s
er
v
ice
(
DDo
S)
f
lo
o
d
s
ar
e
am
o
n
g
th
e
m
ain
wo
r
r
ies
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
ex
p
er
ts
.
DDo
S
f
lo
o
d
in
g
attac
k
s
ar
e
o
f
te
n
o
v
er
t
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
o
b
s
tr
u
ct
s
er
v
ices
f
r
o
m
b
ei
n
g
ac
ce
s
s
ed
b
y
a
u
th
o
r
ized
u
s
er
s
[
1
9
]
.
Attack
er
s
o
f
ten
o
b
tain
ac
ce
s
s
to
m
an
y
co
m
p
u
ter
s
b
y
ass
em
b
lin
g
a
ttack
ar
m
ies
u
s
in
g
th
e
v
u
ln
e
r
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
th
o
s
e
m
ac
h
in
es.
An
attac
k
er
m
ay
lau
n
ch
a
co
o
r
d
in
ated
,
m
ass
iv
e
attac
k
o
n
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
tar
g
ets
af
ter
ass
em
b
lin
g
an
attac
k
in
g
ar
m
y
.
T
h
e
in
tr
u
s
io
n
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
is
wo
r
k
in
g
o
n
c
r
ea
tin
g
a
c
o
m
p
lete
d
ef
en
s
iv
e
s
y
s
tem
ag
ain
s
t
k
n
o
wn
a
n
d
ex
p
ec
ted
DDo
S
f
lo
o
d
in
g
attac
k
s
.
T
h
e
s
ev
er
ity
o
f
th
e
DDo
S
f
lo
o
d
in
g
attac
k
is
s
u
e
an
d
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
ad
d
r
ess
it.
B
y
u
s
in
g
r
ef
lectio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
es,
an
in
tellig
en
t
attac
k
ci
r
cu
m
v
en
ts
b
lack
lis
ts
,
I
P,
p
ac
k
et
-
co
u
n
t
o
r
s
ess
io
n
/tra
n
s
ac
tio
n
-
b
ased
r
ate
lim
itin
g
,
an
d
au
to
m
atic
m
ess
ag
e
g
en
er
atio
n
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
u
n
d
in
m
o
d
er
n
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
e
r
im
eter
s
[
2
0
]
.
I
t a
ls
o
cr
ea
tes leg
itima
te
tr
af
f
ic
.
A
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
d
etec
ts
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
’
s
m
ali
cio
u
s
n
o
d
e
[
2
1
]
.
Ma
n
y
t
r
u
s
t
s
tr
ateg
ies
tr
an
s
m
it
lin
ea
r
ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
t
o
g
ath
er
d
is
s
im
ilar
tr
u
s
t
-
im
p
ac
t
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
v
ia
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
ev
alu
atio
n
in
th
ese
ap
p
licatio
n
r
e
g
io
n
s
lik
e
m
u
lti
-
ag
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
s
er
v
i
ce
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
C
o
n
cu
r
r
en
tly
ap
p
lied
lin
ea
r
ag
g
r
eg
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
to
c
o
m
b
i
n
in
g
co
n
f
id
en
ce
f
ea
tu
r
es
s
u
ch
as
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
,
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
,
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
to
tr
an
s
m
it
tr
u
s
t
m
ater
ialize
u
n
ev
en
m
is
s
in
g
s
p
ec
u
lativ
e
an
d
r
ea
lis
tic
m
ain
tain
.
T
h
u
s
,
tr
u
s
t
ev
alu
atio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
co
u
ld
b
e
d
o
u
b
tf
u
l
[
2
2
]
.
T
r
u
s
t
ass
ess
m
en
t
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
d
iv
e
r
s
ity
in
d
is
p
ar
ate
a
p
p
lian
ce
s
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
ca
n
co
m
p
u
te
t
r
u
s
t,
th
ey
m
o
r
eo
v
e
r
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
h
u
g
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ar
ith
m
etic
al
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
f
o
r
ev
alu
atio
n
.
Sp
o
r
a
d
ically
,
it
is
n
o
n
f
lex
i
b
le
f
o
r
ap
p
r
eh
en
s
io
n
s
am
p
les.
T
h
e
c
o
llectio
n
o
f
tr
u
s
t
-
r
elev
an
t
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
estab
lis
h
in
g
th
e
r
u
le
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
co
n
ce
r
n
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
tr
u
s
t
ev
alu
atio
n
.
I
t
ig
n
o
r
es
in
tellig
en
ce
an
d
ac
tiv
e
s
u
s
tain
[
2
3
]
.
A
f
u
zz
y
t
r
u
s
t
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
ar
tific
ial
b
ee
co
lo
n
y
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
co
m
p
u
te
t
h
e
in
d
ir
ec
t
tr
u
s
t.
T
h
e
a
r
tific
ial
b
ee
co
lo
n
y
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
tr
u
s
t
m
o
d
el
t
o
id
e
n
tif
y
d
is
h
o
n
est
attac
k
s
[
2
4
]
.
A
s
ec
u
r
e
clu
s
ter
in
g
with
a
f
u
zz
y
tr
u
s
t
ass
es
s
m
en
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
an
d
les
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
.
I
n
th
is
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
f
u
zz
y
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
t
r
u
s
t.
An
ad
a
p
tiv
e
tr
u
s
t
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
m
eth
o
d
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
s
ep
ar
ate
th
e
m
alic
io
u
s
n
o
d
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
s
co
p
e
of
ML
al
g
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
it
y
co
n
ce
n
tr
atin
g
o
n
r
e
g
io
n
s
;
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
d
etec
tio
n
s
o
f
in
tr
u
s
io
n
,
s
p
am
,
as
well
as
m
al
war
e
o
n
co
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
,
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
c
o
m
p
let
e
th
e
c
o
m
p
lex
ities
ML
m
eth
o
d
s
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
in
d
e
f
e
n
d
in
g
cy
b
er
s
p
ac
es
f
r
o
m
attac
k
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
I
o
T
,
t
h
at
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
a
s
ev
er
al
d
ev
ices
to
o
f
f
er
elev
ate
d
an
d
in
tellig
en
t
s
er
v
ices,
h
as
to
d
ef
en
d
u
s
er
p
r
i
v
ac
y
an
d
d
ea
l
attac
k
s
,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le;
s
p
o
o
f
in
g
attac
k
s
,
Do
S
attac
k
s
,
ja
m
m
in
g
,
as
well
a
s
ea
v
esd
r
o
p
p
i
n
g
[
2
7
]
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
F
uzzy
l
ea
rning
-
ba
s
ed
Do
S a
t
t
a
c
k
d
et
ec
t
io
n
T
h
is
m
ec
h
an
is
m
u
s
es
th
e
f
u
zz
y
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
r
e
co
g
n
ize
an
d
p
r
ev
en
t
a
n
attac
k
.
T
o
f
in
d
th
e
attac
k
,
th
e
f
u
zz
y
lear
n
i
n
g
m
e
th
o
d
is
u
s
ed
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
c
o
m
b
in
es
th
e
Q
-
lear
n
in
g
with
t
h
e
f
u
zz
y
m
in
-
m
ax
ac
tio
n
s
elec
tio
n
an
d
r
ewa
r
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
le
t
h
at
r
ec
o
g
n
izes
th
e
m
alicio
u
s
p
ac
k
et
is
h
az
y
.
T
h
e
v
alu
es
cr
o
s
s
in
g
th
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e
ar
e
r
ep
o
r
te
d
af
ter
co
m
p
a
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
esen
t
p
ac
k
et
an
d
a
ty
p
ical
p
ac
k
et.
I
t
co
m
p
r
is
es
a
k
n
o
wled
g
e
b
ase,
an
e
x
p
er
t
an
aly
s
t,
a
f
ea
tu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
to
r
,
f
u
zz
if
icatio
n
,
a
n
d
th
e
f
u
zz
y
in
f
er
en
ce
en
g
in
e.
T
h
e
th
r
ea
t
p
r
o
f
ile
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
to
r
u
s
in
g
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
tr
af
f
ic
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
Do
S
a
tta
ck
d
etec
tio
n
a
n
d
h
ill
climb
in
g
b
a
s
ed
o
p
tima
l
fo
r
w
a
r
d
er selectio
n
(
P
a
la
ma
la
i R
a
d
h
a
kris
h
n
a
n
)
885
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
wo
u
ld
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
y
s
tem
ac
cu
r
ac
y
b
y
b
asin
g
th
e
th
r
ea
t
p
r
o
f
ile
o
n
p
ac
k
e
t
r
ec
eiv
ed
r
ate
(
PR
R
)
,
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
e
(
R
T
)
,
b
an
d
wid
th
(
B
)
,
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
(
C
)
,
an
d
en
e
r
g
y
u
tili
za
tio
n
(
E
)
.
T
h
es
e
v
ar
iab
les
ar
e
th
e
f
u
zz
y
s
y
s
tem
’
s
in
p
u
t
lik
e
P
=
{RT,
B
,
C
,
E
,
an
d
PR
R
}.
Her
e,
PR
R
s
tan
d
s
f
o
r
p
ac
k
et
r
ec
ep
tio
n
r
ate,
E
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
B
f
o
r
p
ac
k
et
len
g
th
f
r
o
m
s
en
d
er
to
r
ec
eiv
er
,
a
n
d
C
f
o
r
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
to
a
s
im
ilar
n
o
d
e.
R
T
also
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
v
ar
ian
ce
in
th
e
tim
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
two
lin
k
s
d
u
r
in
g
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
tim
e
win
d
o
w
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
in
f
er
e
n
ce
en
g
in
e
’
s
f
u
zz
y
r
u
les
to
d
er
iv
e
a
n
ew
f
a
ct
ar
e
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
b
ase.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
e
x
p
er
t
a
n
aly
s
t,
d
ef
u
z
z
if
icatio
n
im
p
ac
ts
wh
eth
er
o
r
n
o
t
th
e
ex
am
i
n
ed
p
ac
k
ets
ar
e
attac
k
ed
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
s
y
s
tem
’
s
o
u
tp
u
t,
wh
ich
d
ep
icts
ag
en
t
A(
t)
’
s
b
eh
av
io
r
,
is
ab
n
o
r
m
ality
.
T
h
e
d
ef
in
itio
n
o
f
f
u
zz
y
r
u
les
is
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
n
th
e
f
u
zz
y
in
p
u
ts
.
Mo
d
elin
g
o
f
th
e
d
is
co
v
er
ed
attac
k
ac
tiv
ity
tak
es
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
t
h
e
f
u
zz
y
s
tate.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
(
FL
)
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
,
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
FL
ag
e
n
t,
d
eter
m
in
es
th
e
weig
h
ts
to
b
e
g
iv
en
to
ea
ch
p
o
ten
tial
f
u
tu
r
e
s
tate.
T
h
e
id
ea
l
co
s
t
m
ay
b
e
attain
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
with
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
al
u
e
.
2
.
2
.
HC
-
ba
s
ed
o
ptim
a
l r
o
ut
e
f
o
rma
t
io
n
R
o
u
te
d
is
co
v
er
y
is
th
e
m
ajo
r
p
r
o
b
lem
in
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
al
r
o
u
te
d
is
co
v
er
y
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
s
en
d
er
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
r
o
u
te
b
y
t
h
e
s
h
o
r
test
r
o
u
te.
T
h
is
r
o
u
te
d
o
es
n
o
t
n
ee
d
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
t
h
e
n
ex
t
-
h
o
p
n
o
d
es;
as
a
r
esu
lt,
n
o
d
e
f
ailu
r
e
o
r
lin
k
f
a
ilu
r
e
o
cc
u
r
s
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
d
ata
p
ac
k
et
will b
e
d
r
o
p
p
ed
.
T
o
s
o
lv
e
th
ese
is
s
u
es,
th
e
H
C
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
d
e
tectin
g
th
e
b
est
n
ex
t
h
o
p
n
o
d
es.
T
h
e
b
est
-
r
ec
eiv
ed
r
esu
lt
is
n
ex
t
p
ass
ed
to
th
e
HC
to
s
p
ee
d
u
p
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
a
n
d
d
e
f
ea
t
th
e
s
lo
w
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
tech
n
iq
u
e.
HC
is
an
iter
ativ
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
th
at
in
itiates
with
a
r
an
d
o
m
r
eso
lu
tio
n
to
a
d
i
f
f
icu
lty
.
Nex
t,
t
r
ies
to
d
ec
id
e
o
n
a
b
etter
r
eso
lu
ti
o
n
b
y
i
n
cr
em
en
tally
s
h
if
tin
g
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
r
eso
lu
tio
n
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
W
h
ile
th
e
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t
m
ak
es
a
b
etter
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
th
e
in
cr
em
en
tal
u
p
d
ate
is
ex
ec
u
ted
o
n
th
e
r
ec
e
n
t
s
o
lu
tio
n
th
at
is
co
n
tin
u
al
till
n
o
ad
d
itio
n
al
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
ca
n
b
e
estab
lis
h
ed
.
Ap
p
ly
in
g
an
HC
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
th
is
m
eth
o
d
aim
s
to
d
ec
id
e
o
p
tim
al
r
o
u
tes
f
r
o
m
s
en
d
er
to
r
ec
eiv
er
.
T
h
is
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
co
m
p
u
ted
b
y
th
e
n
o
d
e
en
e
r
g
y
,
d
is
tan
ce
,
n
o
d
e
h
o
p
c
o
u
n
t,
an
d
lin
k
ter
m
in
atio
n
tim
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
HC
is
g
iv
en
:
1
.
P
r
elim
in
ar
y
s
o
lu
tio
n
=
n
e
xt
n
ode
2
.
W
h
ils
t
(
e
n
de
r
)
≤
(
n
e
xt
n
ode
)
s
en
d
er
€
Neig
h
b
o
u
r
s
(
n
e
xt
n
ode
)
d
o
3
.
Ma
k
e
a
s
en
d
e
r
€
Neig
h
b
o
u
r
s
(
n
e
xt
n
ode
);
4
.
I
f
f
itn
ess
(
s
en
d
er
)
>
f
itn
ess
(
n
e
xt
n
ode
)
,
th
en
5
.
R
ep
lace
th
e
s
en
d
er
with
t
h
e
n
e
xt
n
ode
;
6
.
E
n
d
I
f
2
.
2
.
1
.
Dis
t
a
nce
(
D)
T
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
m
etr
ic
is
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
n
o
d
e'
s
lin
k
s
to
all
o
t
h
er
n
eig
h
b
o
r
in
g
.
Dis
tan
ce
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
ar
am
eter
d
u
r
in
g
f
o
r
war
d
er
s
elec
tio
n
f
r
o
m
s
en
d
er
to
r
ec
ei
v
er
.
W
h
en
ev
er
a
n
o
d
e
d
etac
h
es
its
elf
f
r
o
m
its
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
lar
g
e
d
is
tan
ce
(
d
)
,
ex
tr
a
e
n
er
g
y
a
n
d
p
o
wer
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
lead
in
g
to
en
h
an
ce
d
en
er
g
y
u
tili
za
tio
n
as sh
o
wn
in
(
1
)
.
=
∑
(
,
)
(
1
)
2
.
2
.
2
.
L
ink
t
er
m
ina
t
io
n
t
im
e
(
L
T
T
)
L
T
T
in
d
icate
s
h
o
w
ex
ten
d
ed
a
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
will
s
tay
d
y
n
am
i
c.
T
h
e
L
T
T
o
f
two
n
o
d
es
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
o
f
th
e
two
n
o
d
es
with
in
a
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
an
g
e.
Di
s
tan
ce
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
at
th
e
f
o
r
war
d
er
n
o
d
e
wan
ts
to
tr
av
e
l
to
g
et
o
u
t
o
f
r
an
g
e
o
f
th
e
s
e
n
d
er
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
lo
n
g
e
r
th
is
p
e
r
io
d
o
f
tim
e
tr
a
v
el,
th
e
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
b
etwe
en
n
o
d
es.
T
h
is
p
er
i
o
d
o
f
tim
e
is
d
ec
i
d
ed
b
y
h
o
w
r
ap
id
ly
th
e
u
n
e
v
en
n
o
d
e
tak
es
p
la
ce
an
d
is
co
m
p
u
ted
b
y
(
2
)
.
T
h
e
r
elativ
e
v
elo
cit
y
is
ap
p
lied
to
d
is
co
v
er
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
n
o
d
e
m
o
v
em
en
t a
n
d
t
h
e
r
elativ
e
v
el
o
city
is
co
m
p
u
ted
by
t
h
e
(
3
)
.
=
(
2
)
=
(
3
)
2
.
2
.
3
.
Resid
ua
l e
nerg
y
(
RE
)
R
E
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
ar
am
eter
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
r
elay
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
s
m
allest
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
ju
s
t
o
n
e
n
o
d
e
u
tili
ze
s
p
r
ec
ed
in
g
b
ein
g
s
elec
ted
as
its
f
o
r
war
d
er
;
t
h
e
h
ig
h
er
its
r
esid
u
al
en
er
g
y
,
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
its
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
b
ein
g
s
elec
ted
a
s
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
.
T
h
e
R
E
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
is
s
p
ec
if
ied
b
y
(
4
)
.
=
−
(
4
)
t
a
n
Re
D
i
s
c
e
LTT
l
a
t
i
v
e
v
e
l
o
c
i
t
y
=
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
20
24
:
8
8
2
-
8
9
1
886
2
.
2
.
4
.
H
o
p c
o
un
t
T
h
e
h
o
p
c
o
u
n
t
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
u
n
t
o
f
h
o
p
s
o
r
lin
k
i
n
g
n
o
d
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
f
u
ll
o
f
its
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
eig
h
b
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
co
u
n
t
o
f
th
e
h
o
p
is
m
in
im
u
m
,
an
d
a
less
er
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
is
u
tili
ze
d
;
also
,
th
e
d
ata
p
ac
k
et
f
o
r
war
d
in
g
d
ela
y
is
m
in
im
u
m
.
T
ab
le
1
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
alg
o
r
i
th
m
o
f
th
e
DDHC
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
I
n
itially
,
th
e
n
ex
t.
n
o
d
e'
s
d
is
tan
ce
is
d
ec
id
ed
,
th
e
n
ca
lcu
lates
th
e
lin
k
ter
m
in
ati
o
n
tim
e
an
d
r
esid
u
al
en
er
g
y
.
Fin
ally
,
ca
lcu
late
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
h
o
p
c
o
u
n
t.
T
h
e
HC
m
eth
o
d
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
FF
)
f
o
r
f
o
r
war
d
er
s
ele
ctio
n
is
g
iv
en
in
(
5
)
.
=
1
(
1
)
+
2
(
2
)
+
3
(
3
)
+
4
(
4
)
(
5
)
Her
e,
1
in
d
icate
s
n
o
d
e
d
is
tan
ce
,
2
in
d
icate
s
th
e
lin
k
ter
m
in
atio
n
tim
e,
3
th
e
r
esid
u
al
en
er
g
y
,
a
n
d
4
th
e
h
o
p
co
u
n
t.
Her
e,
∑
4
=
1
=
∈
(
0
,
1
)
.
T
h
e
lo
west
f
itn
ess
f
u
n
ctio
n
n
o
d
e
i
s
r
ep
lace
d
as
th
e
b
est
f
o
r
war
d
e
r
n
o
d
e.
Alg
o
r
ith
m
1
d
eter
m
in
es th
e
D
DHC m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
Alg
o
r
ith
m
1
.
DDHC m
ec
h
an
is
m
Start
Input: PRR, RT, C, B, E, node distance, link expiration time, hop count
Output: DoS attack detection, best forwarder selection
DoS
attack detection
Fuzzy learning algorithm do
Fuzzy Input: Compute PRR, RT, B, C, E
Fuzzy Output: Evaluate node abnormality
Predict node future states
Detect DoS attack
optimal route formation
HC algorithm do
fitness function computation
node distance
link
expiration time
node residual energy
hop count
best forwarder selection
data transmission
receiver reaches the data
Stop
3.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
A
NAL
YSI
S
T
h
is
p
ap
er
u
s
es
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
im
u
lato
r
(
ns
)
-
2
.
2
8
[
2
8
]
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
ANND
an
d
DDHC
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
Her
e,
2
0
0
wir
eless
n
o
d
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
n
e
two
r
k
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
th
ese
n
o
d
es
ar
e
m
o
v
in
g
ar
b
itra
r
ily
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
es
8
0
2
.
1
1
m
ed
i
u
m
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
(
MA
C
)
f
o
r
ex
ec
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
wi
r
eless
n
o
d
es
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
an
g
e
is
2
2
0
m
e
ter
s
an
d
2
0
D
o
S
n
o
d
es
ar
e
a
r
b
itra
r
ily
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
in
th
e
f
ield
.
T
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
wir
eless
n
o
d
es
s
p
e
ed
f
r
o
m
1
m
/s
an
d
5
m
/s
,
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
ly
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
DDHC
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
d
elay
,
life
tim
e,
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
an
d
D
o
S
d
etec
tio
n
r
atio
,
an
d
th
e
f
alse
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
atio
o
f
r
o
u
tin
g
.
T
h
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
p
ec
if
ies
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
T
ab
le
1
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
an
d
v
alu
es f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
s
h
o
ws
th
e
e
f
f
ici
en
cy
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
.
I
t
is
d
e
f
in
ed
as
th
e
d
ata
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
f
o
r
war
d
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
ANND
an
d
DDH
C
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
f
o
r
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
estab
lis
h
ed
o
n
w
ir
eless
n
o
d
es.
Fro
m
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
th
e
DDHC
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
v
alu
e
wh
en
it m
a
r
g
in
ally
d
ec
r
ea
s
es th
e
n
o
d
e
co
u
n
t.
T
ab
le
1
.
Simu
latio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
DDHC
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
V
a
l
u
e
s
S
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
g
i
o
n
7
0
0
*
6
0
0
m
2
W
i
r
e
l
e
ss
n
o
d
e
c
o
u
n
t
2
0
0
D
o
S
a
t
t
a
c
k
e
r
c
o
u
n
t
2
0
B
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
2
M
b
p
s
S
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
t
i
me
5
0
0
S
e
c
I
n
i
t
i
a
l
e
n
e
r
g
y
1
J
o
u
l
e
S
i
z
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
a
c
k
e
t
1
0
2
4
b
y
t
e
s
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
O
mn
i
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
R
a
n
g
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
sm
i
ssi
o
n
2
2
0
m
M
A
C
8
0
2
.
1
1
N
o
d
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
A
r
b
i
t
r
a
r
i
l
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
Do
S
a
tta
ck
d
etec
tio
n
a
n
d
h
ill
climb
in
g
b
a
s
ed
o
p
tima
l
fo
r
w
a
r
d
er selectio
n
(
P
a
la
ma
la
i R
a
d
h
a
kris
h
n
a
n
)
887
Sin
ce
th
e
DDHC
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
d
e
tects
th
e
Do
S
n
o
d
e
an
d
o
p
tim
al
f
o
r
war
d
er
,
it
ef
f
icien
tly
tr
a
n
s
m
its
th
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
s
en
d
e
r
to
r
ec
eiv
er
.
B
u
t,
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
r
ai
s
es
th
e
n
o
d
e
co
u
n
t,
an
d
th
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
v
alu
e
is
h
ig
h
ly
m
in
im
ize
d
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
ANND
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
f
alse
alar
m
an
d
ca
n
’
t
u
s
e
th
e
o
p
tim
al
r
o
u
te.
A
life
tim
e
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
th
e
tim
e
t
h
at
th
e
en
e
r
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
wir
eless
n
o
d
e
i
n
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
tu
r
n
s
to
b
e
en
tire
ly
d
ea
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
e
x
p
lain
s
ANND
an
d
DDHC a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es f
o
r
f
alse p
o
s
itiv
e
r
ati
o
.
Fro
m
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
wh
en
th
e
n
o
d
e
co
u
n
t
is
r
aised
,
t
h
e
f
alse
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
atio
a
ls
o
r
is
es;
b
u
t,
in
t
h
e
ANND
,
if
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
wir
eless
n
o
d
es
r
is
es,
th
e
f
alse
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
atio
is
h
ig
h
ly
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
s
in
ce
it
c
an
’
t
d
etec
t
th
e
Do
S
attac
k
ef
f
icien
tly
.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
e
DDHC
m
ec
h
an
is
m
u
s
es
f
u
zz
y
L
ea
r
n
in
g
to
d
etec
t
th
e
Do
S
attac
k
ef
f
icien
tly
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
ex
p
lain
s
ANND
an
d
DDHC a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es f
o
r
a
life
tim
e
b
ased
o
n
wir
eless
n
o
d
es.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
ANND
an
d
DDHC a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es f
o
r
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
ANND
an
d
DDHC a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
f
alse p
o
s
itiv
e
r
atio
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
ANND
an
d
DDHC a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es f
o
r
a
life
tim
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
2
,
No
v
em
b
er
20
24
:
8
8
2
-
8
9
1
888
Fro
m
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
t
h
e
life
tim
e
e
n
h
an
ce
s
as
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
n
o
d
es
r
is
es;
o
n
th
e
c
o
n
tr
ar
y
,
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
ANND
,
if
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
wir
eless
n
o
d
es
r
is
es,
th
e
life
tim
e
will
r
ed
u
ce
s
in
ce
with
r
a
is
in
g
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
wir
eless
n
o
d
es,
m
o
r
e
wir
eless
n
o
d
es
co
n
ce
n
tr
a
te
o
n
tr
an
s
m
i
ttin
g
th
e
d
ata,
an
d
it
is
e
x
tr
em
ely
ch
a
n
ce
f
u
l
f
o
r
a
n
o
d
e
to
ex
p
ir
e
at
an
y
tim
e.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
ANND
ca
n
n
o
t
ev
a
d
e
u
n
n
ec
ess
ar
y
p
ac
k
et
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
.
B
u
t,
th
e
DDHC
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
tr
an
s
m
its
th
e
d
ata
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
o
p
tim
al
r
o
u
te,
th
u
s
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
life
tim
e.
Fig
u
r
e
4
ex
p
lain
s
th
e
ANND
an
d
DDHC a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
es Do
S a
ttack
d
etec
tio
n
r
ati
o
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
ANND
an
d
DDHC a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es f
o
r
Do
S a
ttack
d
ete
ctio
n
r
atio
Gen
er
ally
,
th
e
Do
S
attac
k
d
etec
tio
n
r
atio
is
m
in
im
ized
b
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
wir
eless
n
o
d
es
co
u
n
t.
B
u
t,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DDHC
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
lig
h
tly
m
in
im
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[
1
]
O
.
C
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K
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3
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M
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B
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[
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]
Y
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M
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R
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[
5
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S
.
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E
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K
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6
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A
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,
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7
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Ž
.
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.
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ls.
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rc
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s
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two
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c
a
n
b
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c
o
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tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
sm
u
re
sju
r@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
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