Indonesian J
ournal of Ele
c
trical Engin
eering and
Computer Sci
e
nce
Vol. 1, No. 2,
February 20
1
6
, pp. 288 ~
293
DOI: 10.115
9
1
/ijeecs.v1.i2.pp28
8-2
9
3
288
Re
cei
v
ed Se
ptem
ber 23, 2015; Revi
se
d De
ce
m
ber
12, 2015; Accepted Janu
ary 6, 2016
Several Mode-Locked P
u
lses Generation and
Transmission o
ver Soliton Based Optical Tran
smissio
n
Link
IS Amiri*
1
, S
E
Ala
v
i
2
1
Photonics R
e
s
earch C
entre, Univers
i
t
y
of
Mala
ya, 5
0
6
03 K
ual
a Lump
u
r, Mala
ysi
a
2
F
a
cult
y
of Ele
c
trical Eng
i
ne
e
r
ing, Un
iversiti
T
e
knologi Ma
la
ysi
a
, 813
10 UT
M Johor Bahr
u
Mala
ysi
a
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: isafiz@
y
a
hoo
.com
A
b
st
r
a
ct
A soliton-
base
d
optica
l
co
mmu
n
ic
ation sys
tem is
pres
ent
ed to ge
nerate
and trans
mits
severa
l
mo
de l
o
cke
d l
a
ser p
u
lses (
g
ener
ated by fi
b
e
r laser s
e
tup)
over 50 k
m
fi
b
e
r an
d 12
0
m
w
i
reless li
nk. T
he
passiv
e
mode-locking featur
e of the las
e
r system
proposed in this
paper
is bas
ed on nonlinear
pol
ari
z
a
t
i
on rot
a
tion ev
ol
ution.
Ke
y
w
ords
: Optical solit
on co
mmu
n
icati
on,
mo
de l
o
cked l
a
ser
Copy
right
©
2016 In
stitu
t
e o
f
Ad
van
ced
En
g
i
n
eerin
g and
Scien
ce. All
rig
h
t
s reser
ve
d
.
1. Introduc
tion
Tran
smi
ssi
on
of soliton p
u
lse
s
via wi
red/wirele
ss
communi
catio
n
[1-3] lin
k h
a
s b
een
pre
s
ente
d
in
many pu
blica
t
ions in
the fi
eld of
opti
c
al
comm
uni
cati
ons [4
-7]. Mo
de-lo
cked
fiber
lase
rs [8-1
0] have b
een
sho
w
n
as th
e mo
st i
nex
pen
sive opti
c
al light
sou
r
ces fo
r p
r
a
c
tical
gene
ration
of ultrasho
rt pul
se
s [11, 12], with
a
c
tively harm
oni
c mo
de-lo
cked
erb
i
um-d
ope
d fiber
(EDF
) lasers capa
ble of prod
uci
ng tra
n
sform-
limite
d
narro
w Ga
ussian p
u
lse
s
[13-15]. Such
system
s a
r
e
esp
e
ci
ally sui
t
able for high
sp
eed [1
6-1
8
], long di
sta
n
ce
WDM tra
n
smi
ssi
on [1
9-
22]. Fund
a
m
ental
solit
on p
u
lse
s
[
23-2
5
] a
r
e
highly imp
o
rtant in p
a
rti
c
ula
r
fo
r lo
ng-
distan
ce
o
p
tical fiber co
m
m
unication
s
[26-2
8
] and in
mode-l
o
cke
d
lasers
(solito
n
mode
-lo
cki
ng)
[29-32]. In this wo
rk, a su
ccessful tra
n
s
missio
n
of u
l
tra-stable
sol
i
ton pulses [3
3-35] ove
r
lo
ng
distan
ce o
p
tical lin
ks i
s
de
scribe
d alon
g
with a
sub
s
e
quent ge
nera
t
ion of RF
mu
lticarriers in the
WiFi spe
c
tru
m
rang
e, fro
m
whi
c
h the
performan
ce
of RF ca
rri
e
r
tran
smi
ssi
o
n
over a 25
0
m
wirel
e
ss lin
k is mea
s
u
r
ed a
nd analy
z
ed. A method is p
r
opo
se
d for g
enerating mul
t
iple carrie
r RF
with ve
ry lo
w p
h
a
s
e
no
ise, limited
amplitude
flu
c
tuation
s
, a
n
d
identical ti
me jitter alo
n
g
with
negli
g
ibl
e
interferen
ce betwe
en
carrie
rs [36
-
38]. The obt
ained results sho
w
that th
e
prop
osed a
r
chitecture is a
promi
s
ing
scheme fo
r the
generation o
f
multiple high purity ca
rri
ers
up to extreme
l
y high frequ
e
n
cie
s
(W ba
n
d
) that
are far beyond the reach of
ele
c
tronic o
s
cillators
[39]. The pa
ssive mod
e
-lo
cki
ng featu
r
e
of the lase
r
system p
r
o
p
o
s
ed i
n
this p
a
per i
s
ba
se
d
on
nonlinear pol
a
rization rotation evolution [40-42], wh
ereby an ellipse is reso
lved into right- and
left-hand
circular pol
ari
z
ati
on com
pon
en
ts of sepa
rate
intensitie
s.
2.
Mode-Lock
e
d
Laser G
e
n
e
ration u
s
ing Fiber Lase
r Setup
The
experi
m
e
n
tal setup
is
sho
w
n
in
Fig
u
re
1. T
he l
a
ser u
s
e
d
a
0.
9
m
long
high
ly
doped
Leikki Er8
0
-8
/125 EDF a
s
the active g
a
in
medi
um. The EDF
was p
u
mpe
d
backward by
a
Lumics
9
80 nm
laser dio
de
thro
ugh a
wavele
ngth
division m
u
ltiplexer
(WDM
). The i
s
olat
or
con
n
e
c
ted to
the
WDM
was
used to
a
v
oid any u
n
w
ante
d
b
a
ck refle
c
tion to
wards the
g
a
in
medium.
This isol
ator wa
s
in turn
conn
e
c
ted to
a pola
r
izatio
n cont
roller (PC) an
d
an
emb
edd
ed
CNT b
e
twe
e
n
two ferrul
e
s.
The output of
the embedd
e
d
CNT
wa
s g
u
ided to
ward a 95:5 co
uple
r
,
whi
c
h
extract
ed a
po
rtion
of the
sign
al f
o
r a
nal
ysi
s
. T
he 9
5
% po
rt
wa
s
con
n
e
c
ted to
an i
s
ola
t
or,
whi
c
h wa
s then conne
ct
ed to the gain medium. Th
is loo
p
co
mpleted the
lase
r cavity. The
extracted
out
put wa
s divid
ed into two
e
v
enly powe
r
e
d
portio
n
s u
s
i
ng a 3 dB
co
upler,
with on
e
portion
bei
ng
dire
cted
to a
n
opti
c
al
spe
c
trum
an
alyzer
(OSA)
(m
odel YOK
O
G
A
WA AQ63
7
0
B,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJEECS
ISSN:
2502-4
752
Seve
ral Mod
e
-Lo
c
ked Pul
s
e
s
Gen
e
rati
on and T
r
an
sm
ission o
v
e
r
Soliton Base
d… (IS Am
iri)
289
with wavele
n
g
th resolution
bandwi
d
th a
c
cura
cy of ± 0.02 nm (15
2
0
to 1580 nm
)) whil
e the other
portion
led to
a ph
otodete
c
tor
(HP li
ght
wave d
e
tecto
r
DC-6 G
H
z) and fin
a
lly to wh
ethe
r ra
dio
freque
ncy
-
sp
ectru
m
an
al
yzer
(RF-SA
An
ritsu M
S
2683A) or oscillo
scop
e (YOKO
G
A
W
A
DLM2
054
) in
orde
r to be
analyzed sep
a
rately to obt
ain the ave
r
a
g
e output p
o
w
er, the
radi
o
freque
ncy sp
ectru
m
and th
e output in the time domai
n.
Figure 1. mode-lo
cked la
ser gen
eration
system setu
p
The
all
-
fiber mode
-lo
c
ked soliton pulse
s
ge
nerated
via the CNT-based SA as a mode
locker h
a
ve their po
we
r across a wavel
ength ra
nge
repre
s
e
n
ted in
Fig. 2(a). Th
e total length
of
the lase
r cavi
ty was app
ro
ximately 4 m. Aside fr
om the EDF, all fibers used in the cavity were
Corning SM
F
-
28
(
2 =
−
2
2
ps2/km
). T
he ob
se
rved
mode
-lo
c
ked
pulses
we
re
achi
eved at
a
threshold p
u
m
p power of
about 40 mW, with the
optical spe
c
trum having a
very wide-b
and
output togeth
e
r
with multip
le sid
eba
nd
s
pre
s
ent a
s
ob
serve
d
in the
OSA. The prese
n
ce of the
s
e
side
ban
ds
co
nfirmed that t
he syst
e
m
was op
eratin
g
in the soliton
regime [43].
Fig. 2(b
)
sh
o
w
s
the be
ating f
r
eque
ncy fo
r
each of th
e t
w
o
mode
s av
ailable
in
th
e mode
-lo
c
ked soliton
spe
c
trum
in 550 MHz scale.
Figure 2. (a)
mode
-lo
c
ked
spe
c
tru
m
, (b) soliton
s
with
FSR of 21.6 MHz a
nd F
W
HM of 400 K
H
z
The commu
n
i
cation
syste
m
based on
RF si
gnal
s
g
e
nerated fro
m
an optical
soliton i
s
s
h
ow
n
in
F
i
gu
r
e
3
.
In orde
r to examine the stability of the
generated
mode lo
cked
soliton si
gn
al, it was
forwa
r
d
ed to
50
km
opti
c
al fiber.
Thi
s
50
km
opti
c
al fiber h
a
d
an atten
uatio
n of 0.2
dB/
k
m,
disp
ersion
of
5 p
s
/(nm.km
)
, differe
ntial
grou
p d
e
lay
of 0.2 p
s
/km, nonli
nea
r
ref
r
active
index
of
2.6 ×10
-20
m
2
/W, effective area of 25
μ
m
2
and nonlin
ea
r pha
se shift of 3 mrad. Th
e transmissio
n
of the mode l
o
cked
soliton
signal th
rou
gh 50
km of
optical fibe
r can be
see
n
in Figure 4 which
sho
w
the pul
ses with F
W
HM of 670 fs.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 25
02-4
752
IJEECS
Vol.
1, No. 2, February 201
6 : 288 – 293
290
Figure 3. Fi-Wi tran
smi
ssi
on setu
p
Figure 4. Time-do
m
ain tra
c
e, mode-l
o
cked solito
n
A PIN photo
detecto
r (P
D) wa
s u
s
ed to
conve
r
t the
solitoni
c inp
u
t
powe
r to RF band.
The ge
ne
rate
d RF
sp
ectru
m
wa
s a
re
su
lt of
beating freque
ncy of
wavelength
s
la
unched i
n
to the
PD at the other en
d of the SMF after photo det
e
c
ti
on, at the data modulato
r unit (DM
U
),
as
sho
w
n in Fi
g
u
re 5, the
RF
multicarrie
r
s are
ge
ne
rat
ed in the ran
ge of the Wi
Fi freque
ncy
and
can
be
mo
du
lated to
tran
smit wirele
ssly
alon
g th
e 2
50 m
wi
rele
ss lin
k. In
o
r
d
e
r to
che
c
k t
h
e
perfo
rman
ce
of
the whol
e system, one of
the RF
ca
rrie
r
s cente
r
e
d
at 2.5
G
H
z wa
s
sel
e
cte
d
usin
g RF
ban
d pa
ss filter
(BPF) and thi
s
carrie
r wa
s t
h
en u
s
e
d
to tran
smit QPS
K
/16-QAM d
a
ta
sign
als. Follo
wing am
plification,
the modulate
d
RF
signal
wa
s forwa
r
d
e
d to
the transmit
t
er
antenn
a.
Figure 5. (a)
Data mod
u
lat
o
r unit to dod
ulate RF
carri
e
rs, (b) T
r
an
smissi
on of 2.5GHz si
gnal
s
over a 250 m
wirel
e
ss lin
k
The po
we
r of
the dete
c
ted
RF
sign
al af
ter tran
smi
s
si
on alo
n
g a
5
0
km fib
e
r lin
k an
d
within the
25
0 m wi
rele
ss link di
stan
ce
can
be
se
e
n
in Fig
u
re
5
(
b). T
h
e F
W
HM of the
p
u
lse
sho
w
n
in Fi
g
u
re
5(b) i
s
80
ps. A
c
cordin
g to
the
p
r
e
s
ented m
e
a
s
u
r
eme
n
ts, the
prop
osed
system
of an RF si
g
nal ge
nerator based o
n
o
p
tical
solit
oni
c inp
u
t with
a minimum
i
nput po
we
r o
f
10
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJEECS
ISSN:
2502-4
752
Seve
ral Mod
e
-Lo
c
ked Pul
s
e
s
Gen
e
rati
on and T
r
an
sm
ission o
v
e
r
Soliton Base
d… (IS Am
iri)
291
dBm is appli
c
abl
e for a 5
0
km opti
c
al
link an
d a m
a
ximum of 120 m wirele
ss dista
n
ce wi
th
QPSK modul
ation. The constellation di
agram
for 16-QAM and QPSK si
gnal
s transmission are
pre
s
ente
d
in Figure 6.
Figure 6. Cons
tellation meas
urement of 16-QA
M (f
or
40m wireless
dis
t
ant) and
QPSK (for 120
m wirel
e
ss di
stan
ce)
3. Conclu
sion
This pap
er h
a
s
de
scribe
d
a p
r
op
osal
and
su
cce
ssf
ul dem
o
n
s
tra
t
ion of a
rin
g
la
ser
system to
ge
nerate
soliton
pulses. T
h
is ring l
a
se
r
s
y
s
t
em
was
first us
ed to generate
a soliton
with differentl
y
cente
r
ed
wavelength
s
p
a
ssing th
ro
u
gh a
50
km
SMF and
im
pacte
d
on
a
PIN
photod
etecto
r at the
othe
r
end.
Con
s
e
q
uently RF a
r
rays
we
re
ge
nerate
d
i
n
th
e rang
e of
WiFi
freque
nci
e
s.
The RF spe
c
trum
wa
s anal
yzed follo
win
g
pro
p
ag
atio
n along
a 25
0 m wi
rele
ss
link,
and the po
we
r variation
s
were me
asure
d
.
Referen
ces
[1]
Iraj Sa
deg
h A
m
iri, Abd
o
lk
ari
m
Afrooze
h
, H
a
rith A
h
mad. I
n
tegrate
d
micr
o-ring
p
hoto
n
ic
s: Princip
l
e
s
and Ap
plic
atio
ns as Slo
w
li
g
h
t devices.
Sol
i
ton ge
nerati
o
n
and O
p
tical transmissi
on
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U
n
ited States
:
CRC Press. 20
15.
[2]
I Amiri, H Ahmad. Microring Re
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cal
S
y
ste
m
s App
lie
d to
Enha
nce
the O
p
tical
Sol
i
ton
Communications. Optical
Co
mmunicati
on
S
y
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u
n
d
a
m
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T
e
ch
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ues
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d Ap
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Novasci
enc
e Publis
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[3]
Iraj Sa
de
gh
A
m
iri, Ali
N
i
kouk
ar, Sa
ye
d E
h
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an A
l
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i
to
n a
n
d
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di
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v
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i
b
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r (R
oF
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ücken, G
e
rman
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:
LAP
LAM
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ic Publ
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e
n
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ratio
n
an
d T
r
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-
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avi, H Ahmad.
F
i
ber las
e
r set
up use
d
to gen
erate sever
a
l
Mode-
Locke
d puls
e
s app
li
e
d
to soliton-
bas
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optica
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o
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arim Afrooz
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a
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p
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nerati
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an
d t
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ansmissi
on
ul
tra-
w
i
de
ba
nd
mode-l
o
cke
d
lasers usi
ng d
ual-
w
a
v
e
l
en
gth
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i
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