I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
u
bli
c
H
ea
lt
h Science
(
I
J
P
H
S)
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
5
,
p
p
.
1
83
~
1
91
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijp
h
s
.
v
1
4
i
1
.
2
4
7
9
5
183
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//
ijp
h
s
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Ana
ly
sis
o
f
risk f
a
ctors a
nd preven
tion stra
tegy
in
accidents
a
mo
ng
coa
l haul
ing
t
rucks
:
a
sco
pi
ng
review
Adena
n
1,
2
,
Z
ulk
if
li Dj
un
a
i
di
1
1
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
O
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
H
e
a
l
t
h
a
n
d
S
a
f
e
t
y
, F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
P
u
b
l
i
c
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
,
J
a
k
a
r
t
a
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
2
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
Tr
a
n
sp
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
L
o
g
i
s
t
i
c
s E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
I
n
st
i
t
u
t
Tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
s
i
d
a
n
Lo
g
i
st
i
k
I
TL
Tr
i
sa
k
t
i
,
Ja
k
a
r
t
a
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y
:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Ma
r
1
4
,
2
0
2
4
R
ev
is
ed
Ma
y
1
0
,
2
0
2
4
Acc
ep
ted
Ma
y
1
9
,
2
0
4
P
o
we
re
d
h
a
u
li
n
g
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
st
c
rit
ica
l
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
e
lem
e
n
ts
in
th
e
m
in
in
g
se
c
to
r.
Ha
u
lag
e
is
a
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
t
h
a
z
a
rd
fo
r
th
e
m
in
in
g
in
d
u
stry
,
a
c
c
o
u
n
ti
n
g
fo
r
o
v
e
r
h
a
lf
o
f
a
ll
m
in
i
n
g
-
re
late
d
fa
tal
a
c
c
id
e
n
t
s
y
e
a
rly
.
Id
e
n
ti
f
y
in
g
sa
fe
ty
ris
k
v
a
riab
les
is
th
e
fo
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
risk
a
ss
e
s
sm
e
n
t
a
n
d
a
c
c
id
e
n
t
p
re
v
e
n
ti
o
n
.
Th
is
stu
d
y
a
i
m
ed
to
id
e
n
ti
fy
risk
v
a
ria
b
les
a
n
d
p
re
v
e
n
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
to
re
d
u
c
e
o
c
c
u
rre
n
c
e
s
a
m
o
n
g
tru
c
k
d
riv
e
rs
i
n
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
in
g
.
Th
is
re
se
a
rc
h
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
is
a
sc
o
p
in
g
re
v
iew
with
th
e
P
RI
S
M
A
Ex
t
e
n
sio
n
f
o
r
S
c
o
p
i
n
g
Re
v
iew
s
(P
RI
S
M
A
-
S
c
R
).
T
h
irt
y
-
f
iv
e
a
rti
c
les
we
re
re
v
iew
e
d
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
re
su
lt
s
o
f
in
c
lu
si
o
n
a
n
d
e
x
c
lu
sio
n
c
rit
e
ria.
Da
ta
a
n
a
ly
sis
wa
s
p
e
rfo
rm
e
d
u
sin
g
c
o
n
te
n
t
a
n
a
l
y
sis.
Th
e
re
su
l
t
s
sh
o
w
th
a
t
h
u
m
a
n
,
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l,
m
a
c
h
in
e
a
n
d
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
fa
c
to
rs
c
o
n
tri
b
u
te
t
o
th
e
ris
k
a
m
o
n
g
tru
c
k
d
ri
v
e
rs
in
c
o
a
l
m
in
in
g
.
S
a
fe
ty
c
u
lt
u
re
,
sta
ffi
n
g
a
n
d
sc
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
,
trai
n
in
g
a
n
d
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
p
o
li
c
y
a
n
d
p
ro
c
e
d
u
re
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
,
a
n
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
d
e
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
a
re
a
ll
p
a
rt
o
f
th
e
a
c
c
id
e
n
t
p
re
v
e
n
ti
o
n
p
lan
.
T
h
e
c
e
n
tral
g
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
sh
o
u
l
d
p
a
y
p
a
rti
c
u
lar
a
tt
e
n
ti
o
n
to
th
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
s
o
f
wo
r
k
e
rs
in
c
it
ies
with
d
e
c
re
a
se
d
re
so
u
rc
e
s
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
p
o
li
c
ies
t
o
p
re
v
e
n
t
m
i
n
in
g
-
re
late
d
d
ise
a
se
s
in
lo
c
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
ies
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
o
al
m
in
in
g
Pre
v
en
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
R
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
Sco
p
in
g
r
e
v
iew
T
r
u
ck
d
r
iv
er
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Ad
en
an
Facu
lty
o
f
Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
,
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esia
L
in
g
k
ar
Kam
p
u
s
R
ay
a
Un
iv
er
s
itas
I
n
d
o
n
esia stre
et,
Dep
o
k
,
W
est
J
av
a,
1
6
4
2
4
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail:
ad
en
an
f
k
m
u
i@
g
m
ail.
c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
C
o
al
is
wid
ely
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
in
v
ar
io
u
s
c
o
u
n
tr
ies.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
r
ely
o
n
co
al
as
an
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
[
1
]
.
C
o
al
r
em
ain
s
s
ec
o
n
d
in
t
h
e
wo
r
ld
wid
e
en
er
g
y
s
u
p
p
l
y
,
a
cc
o
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
o
v
er
a
q
u
ar
ter
o
f
th
e
to
tal
(
1
6
2
E
J
in
2
0
1
9
)
[
2
]
.
G2
0
s
tates
co
n
tin
u
e
to
in
v
est
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
U
S$
3
9
b
illi
o
n
in
co
al
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
n
u
ally
[
3
]
.
I
n
2
0
1
9
,
c
o
al
r
em
ain
ed
th
e
d
o
m
in
at
in
g
f
u
el
f
o
r
p
o
wer
g
e
n
er
atio
n
,
s
u
p
p
ly
i
n
g
3
7
%
o
f
wo
r
ld
wid
e
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
ten
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
p
o
i
n
ts
ah
ea
d
o
f
r
en
ewa
b
les
[
2
]
.
C
o
al
m
in
in
g
h
as
b
ee
n
r
eg
a
r
d
e
d
as
a
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tally
h
ig
h
-
r
is
k
s
ec
to
r
wo
r
ld
wid
e
with
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
h
ea
lth
an
d
s
af
ety
r
is
k
s
f
o
r
its
wo
r
k
er
s
[
4
]
.
C
o
al
m
in
in
g
p
o
s
es
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
s
ev
er
e
co
n
ce
r
n
s
f
o
r
wo
r
k
er
s
an
d
t
h
e
lo
ca
l
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
[
5
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
L
ab
o
u
r
Or
g
an
iz
atio
n
esti
m
ates,
m
in
in
g
em
p
l
o
y
s
o
n
ly
1
%
o
f
th
e
wo
r
ld
wid
e
lab
o
r
b
u
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
8
%
o
f
all
jo
b
-
r
elate
d
f
atalities
[
6
]
.
Ma
jo
r
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
co
al
in
d
u
s
tr
ies
ar
e
ex
p
er
ien
cin
g
tr
ag
ic
ac
cid
en
ts
.
Sin
ce
2
0
0
0
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
e
ath
s
in
co
al
m
in
es
in
I
n
d
ia
h
as
b
ee
n
l
ess
th
an
1
0
0
p
er
y
ea
r
,
in
R
u
s
s
ia
less
th
an
1
0
0
p
er
y
ea
r
,
in
th
e
Un
ited
States
les
s
th
an
5
0
p
er
y
ea
r
,
an
d
in
Au
s
tr
alia
les
s
th
an
1
0
p
er
y
ea
r
[
7
]
.
Po
wer
ed
h
a
u
lin
g
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
ess
en
tial
o
p
er
atio
n
al
el
em
en
ts
in
th
e
m
in
i
n
g
s
ec
to
r
.
T
h
ese
s
o
r
ts
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
h
av
e
b
ec
o
m
e
ch
allen
g
in
g
a
n
d
c
o
s
tly
ass
ets,
em
p
h
asizin
g
t
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
eir
p
r
o
p
er
o
p
e
r
atio
n
[
8
]
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
au
to
m
atin
g
th
ese
ty
p
es
o
f
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
h
as
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
o
b
s
tacle
s
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
5
:
1
83
-
1
91
184
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
m
in
in
g
o
p
e
r
atio
n
s
[
9
]
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
t
h
ese
ev
e
n
ts
alter
ed
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
wh
o
le
m
i
n
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
y
an
d
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
f
leet
m
an
ag
em
en
t
[
8
]
.
Hau
lag
e
i
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
h
az
ar
d
f
o
r
th
e
m
in
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
o
v
er
h
alf
o
f
all
f
atal
m
in
in
g
ac
cid
e
n
ts
y
ea
r
ly
[
1
0
]
.
Dea
d
l
y
ac
cid
en
ts
ar
e
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
th
e
r
esu
lt o
f
a
lo
s
s
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
o
r
c
o
llis
io
n
s
tr
ig
g
er
ed
b
y
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
ca
u
s
es
[
1
1
]
.
C
o
m
m
o
n
wo
r
k
p
lac
e
m
is
h
ap
s
d
u
r
in
g
ca
r
r
y
in
g
in
clu
d
e
d
u
m
p
tr
u
ck
s
r
ev
er
s
in
g
,
ca
tch
in
g
f
ir
e
,
c
o
llid
in
g
with
o
th
er
v
e
h
icles,
an
d
e
x
p
o
s
in
g
d
r
iv
e
r
s
to
d
an
g
er
o
u
s
m
ater
ials
.
C
o
al
m
in
in
g
b
u
s
in
ess
es
h
av
e
h
ad
to
p
ay
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
f
ee
s
d
u
e
to
th
eir
l
o
s
s
es
[
1
2
]
.
As
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
ex
p
e
n
s
e
o
f
w
o
r
k
p
lace
ac
cid
en
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
r
eim
b
u
r
s
em
e
n
t
o
f
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
,
tr
ea
tm
en
t
o
f
a
n
in
ju
r
e
d
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
,
lo
s
t
tim
e
,
an
d
s
u
b
s
titu
tin
g
a
wo
u
n
d
e
d
em
p
lo
y
ee
,
am
o
n
g
o
th
er
s
,
p
r
e
v
en
tin
g
ac
ci
d
en
ts
r
e
m
ain
s
an
ess
en
tial c
o
n
ce
r
n
in
m
o
s
t o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
[
1
3
]
.
I
d
en
tify
in
g
s
af
ety
r
is
k
v
ar
iab
les
is
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
o
f
r
is
k
ass
es
s
m
en
t
an
d
ac
cid
en
t
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
.
Acc
id
en
t
less
o
n
s
f
o
r
r
is
k
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
an
d
m
in
im
izin
g
r
ep
er
c
u
s
s
io
n
s
ar
e
g
ain
ed
f
r
o
m
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
o
f
m
an
y
in
cid
en
ts
[
1
4
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
ettin
g
s
o
f
v
ar
ie
d
wo
r
k
p
lace
s
m
ig
h
t
v
ar
y
,
th
e
r
e
is
a
ch
an
ce
to
g
ai
n
k
n
o
wled
g
e
f
r
o
m
wo
r
k
p
lace
in
ci
d
en
t
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
an
d
s
u
g
g
ested
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
u
n
tr
ies,
in
d
u
s
tr
ies,
o
r
d
is
tin
ctio
n
s
with
in
th
e
s
am
e
s
ec
to
r
(
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
m
etallif
er
o
u
s
an
d
co
al
m
in
in
g
)
[
1
3
]
–
[
1
5
]
.
Pre
v
en
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
,
b
u
t
q
u
esti
o
n
s
s
till
n
ee
d
to
b
e
a
n
s
wer
ed
ab
o
u
t
w
h
y
ac
cid
e
n
ts
s
till
h
ap
p
en
,
wh
y
ac
cid
en
ts
h
av
e
n
o
t
b
ee
n
h
alted
,
an
d
w
h
at
r
is
k
f
ac
t
o
r
s
lead
to
in
ju
r
ies.
T
h
er
e
is
an
ex
ten
s
iv
e
am
o
u
n
t o
f
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
co
al
tr
u
ck
ac
ci
d
en
ts
th
at
co
n
tin
u
e
to
o
cc
u
r
,
r
i
s
k
f
ac
to
r
s
,
an
d
ac
cid
en
t
p
r
e
v
en
tio
n
.
T
o
e
n
h
an
ce
r
esear
ch
ar
g
u
m
e
n
ts
,
a
s
co
p
in
g
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
p
r
ev
e
n
tio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
es
f
o
r
c
o
al
-
ha
u
lin
g
tr
u
ck
ac
cid
en
ts
u
s
in
g
VOSv
iewe
r
s
o
f
twar
e
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
id
en
tify
th
em
e
lin
k
ag
es
a
n
d
s
tate
-
of
-
th
e
-
ar
t
th
is
r
esear
ch
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
d
ep
icts
th
e
in
itial
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
em
atic
ass
o
ciatio
n
d
ata,
wh
ich
r
ev
ea
ls
a
h
ig
h
l
y
c
o
m
p
lex
ass
o
ciatio
n
p
atter
n
f
o
r
co
al
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tin
g
tr
u
ck
ac
cid
e
n
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
li
es
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
o
d
el
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
ed
.
A
s
co
p
in
g
r
e
v
iew
i
s
a
s
o
r
t
o
f
ev
id
en
ce
s
y
n
t
h
esis
th
at
id
en
tif
ies an
d
m
ap
s
r
elev
a
n
t e
v
id
e
n
c
e
t
h
at
f
u
lf
ills
p
r
e
-
d
eter
m
in
e
d
i
n
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
th
e
to
p
ic,
f
iel
d
,
co
n
tex
t,
co
n
c
ep
t,
o
r
is
s
u
e
u
n
d
er
ex
am
in
ati
o
n
[
1
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
s
1
a
n
d
2
s
h
o
w
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
d
en
s
ity
d
is
p
lay
in
y
ello
w
an
d
g
r
ee
n
,
wh
ic
h
m
ea
n
s
th
e
item
is
ess
en
tial
to
an
aly
ze
.
R
esear
ch
v
ar
iab
les ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
ex
p
lo
r
e,
an
d
m
o
r
e
in
-
d
e
p
th
r
esear
ch
is
s
till
n
ee
d
ed
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
a
b
o
v
e
ex
p
la
n
a
tio
n
s
,
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
wan
ts
to
c
o
n
tin
u
e
d
is
cu
s
s
in
g
th
e
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
in
ac
cid
en
ts
am
o
n
g
co
al
h
au
l
v
e
h
icles.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
p
ap
er
aim
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
p
r
ev
e
n
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
i
es
to
les
s
en
h
au
l
co
al
tr
u
ck
in
cid
en
ts
.
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
th
eo
r
etica
l f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
f
o
r
ac
ad
em
ics an
d
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
in
r
e
d
u
cin
g
c
o
al
-
h
au
lin
g
tr
u
c
k
ac
ci
d
en
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
n
itial n
etwo
r
k
v
is
u
a
lizatio
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Vis
u
aliza
tio
n
o
f
ar
ti
cle
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
s
tr
ateg
y
in
v
o
lv
es
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
a
s
co
p
i
n
g
r
ev
ie
w
o
f
th
e
liter
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
u
s
ed
th
e
PR
I
SMA
ex
ten
s
io
n
f
o
r
s
co
p
in
g
r
ev
iews
(
PR
I
SMA
-
Sc
R
)
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
u
s
ed
th
e
Scien
ce
Dir
ec
t,
Go
o
g
le
Sch
o
lar
,
an
d
W
eb
o
f
Scien
ce
d
atab
ases
to
lo
o
k
u
p
jo
u
r
n
al
ar
ticles.
T
h
e
jo
u
r
n
al
s
ea
r
c
h
u
s
ed
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
:
co
al
m
in
in
g
,
ac
cid
en
t,
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
,
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies,
an
d
d
u
m
p
t
r
u
ck
.
T
h
e
i
n
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
i
a
f
o
r
s
elec
ted
jo
u
r
n
als
ar
e
i
)
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
a
g
e
jo
u
r
n
al
p
ap
er
s
p
u
b
li
s
h
ed
b
etwe
en
2
0
2
0
a
n
d
2
0
2
4
,
ii
)
a
s
tu
d
y
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
in
ac
cid
en
ts
am
o
n
g
co
al
h
a
u
lin
g
tr
u
c
k
s
,
an
d
iii
)
o
r
ig
in
al
r
esear
ch
.
Data
an
aly
s
is
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
in
g
co
n
ten
t
an
aly
s
is
,
wh
ich
h
elp
s
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
io
n
b
y
ev
al
u
atin
g
th
e
tex
t
o
f
ea
ch
ar
ticle
an
d
liter
atu
r
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
.
Flo
w
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
ar
ticle
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
u
tili
zin
g
PR
I
SMA
-
ScR
as illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f ris
k
fa
cto
r
s
a
n
d
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
s
tr
a
teg
y
in
a
cc
id
en
t
s
a
mo
n
g
co
a
l h
a
u
lin
g
…
(
A
d
e
n
a
n
)
185
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
.
PR
I
S
MA
-
ScR
f
lo
w
d
iag
r
am
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Resul
t
s
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
a
s
y
n
th
esized
e
x
am
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
3
5
s
elec
ted
p
ap
er
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
o
u
tlin
es
p
r
ev
io
u
s
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
o
r
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
u
s
ed
b
y
o
t
h
er
s
ch
o
lar
s
.
Af
ter
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
d
ata,
th
e
r
esear
c
h
er
id
en
tifie
d
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
on
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
co
al
h
a
u
l
tr
u
ck
ac
cid
en
ts
.
T
ab
le
1
(
s
ee
Ap
p
en
d
ix
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
ev
iew
r
esu
lts
o
f
p
ap
er
s
ch
o
s
en
b
ased
o
n
in
clu
s
io
n
an
d
ex
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
8
]
–
[
5
1
]
.
T
ab
le
1
(
s
ee
Ap
p
en
d
ix
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
elec
ted
ar
ticle
r
ef
er
e
n
c
es,
n
atio
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
lo
ca
tio
n
,
r
esear
ch
aim
s
,
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies,
s
am
p
les,
an
d
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
r
esear
ch
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
.
B
ased
o
n
T
ab
le
1
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
8
]
–
[
5
1
]
,
1
5
ar
ticles
wer
e
r
esear
ch
ed
in
C
h
in
a
(
1
5
)
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
I
n
d
o
n
esia
(
9
)
,
th
e
Un
ited
States
(
3
)
,
Au
s
tr
alia
(
2
)
,
n
o
t
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
(
2
)
,
I
n
d
ia
(
2
)
,
Pak
is
tan
(
1
)
,
I
r
an
(
1
)
,
an
d
Mo
n
g
o
lia
(
1
)
.
T
h
ir
teen
ar
ticles
wer
e
r
ev
iewe
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
;
s
ix
ar
ticles
u
s
ed
ex
p
er
im
en
t;
f
o
u
r
a
r
ticles
u
s
ed
f
u
z
zy
;
f
o
u
r
a
r
ticles
u
s
ed
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
;
o
n
e
ar
ticle
u
s
ed
a
p
ilo
t
s
tu
d
y
;
o
n
e
ar
ticle
u
s
ed
a
clu
s
ter
an
aly
s
is
;
o
n
e
ar
ticle
u
s
ed
a
q
u
alitativ
e;
o
n
e
ar
ticle
u
s
ed
ca
s
e
-
c
o
n
tr
o
l;
o
n
e
ar
ticle
u
s
ed
a
l
o
n
g
itu
d
in
al
; o
n
e
ar
ticle
u
s
ed
a
m
ix
-
m
eth
o
d
,
an
d
o
n
e
a
r
ticle
u
s
ed
a
co
u
p
l
in
g
m
o
d
el.
3
.
2
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
3
.
2
.
1
.
Acc
idents
a
m
o
ng
co
a
l
ha
uli
ng
t
ruck
s
As
th
e
co
al
m
in
e
m
a
n
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
ec
o
m
es
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
licated
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
f
atal
ities
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
a
s
in
g
le
f
ac
to
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
d
r
am
atica
lly
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
ti
o
n
o
f
in
cid
e
n
ts
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
m
u
ltifa
cto
r
r
is
k
co
u
p
lin
g
g
r
o
ws
[
3
5
]
.
Acc
id
e
n
t
s
am
o
n
g
co
al
-
h
au
lin
g
tr
u
ck
s
a
r
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
f
o
u
r
ca
te
g
o
r
ies
[
1
8
]
:
a.
Su
b
ject
iv
e
co
r
r
ec
tiv
e
T
h
e
ac
cid
en
t
is
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
p
er
s
o
n
s
'
ex
p
er
tis
e
an
d
lev
el
o
f
s
af
ety
awa
r
en
ess
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
s
u
ch
h
u
m
an
elem
en
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
in
clu
d
e
ac
tio
n
s
to
tig
h
ten
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
,
r
ep
ai
r
th
e
lack
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
alis
m
o
f
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
als,
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
p
e
r
s
o
n
n
el
at
all
lev
els'
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
o
f
s
ec
u
r
ity
.
b.
Per
ce
iv
ed
co
r
r
ec
tiv
e
T
h
e
ac
cid
en
t
ex
h
ib
ited
in
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
f
c
o
al
m
in
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
a
lack
o
f
r
is
k
leg
is
latio
n
,
an
d
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
r
is
k
s
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
ac
cid
en
ts
with
a
h
ig
h
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
h
ap
p
e
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
is
s
o
r
t
o
f
h
u
m
an
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
s
cien
ce
an
d
tr
ain
in
g
.
c.
Ass
o
ciate
d
co
r
r
ec
tiv
e
Acc
id
en
ts
ar
e
clo
s
ely
ass
o
ciate
d
with
o
th
er
h
u
m
an
elem
e
n
ts
,
f
r
e
q
u
en
tly
in
s
tatis
tics
.
Actio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tak
en
t
o
co
n
tr
o
l th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
in
co
n
ju
n
ctio
n
with
th
e
o
th
er
th
r
ee
ca
teg
o
r
ies.
d.
C
r
itical
co
r
r
ec
tiv
e
Acc
id
en
ts
ar
e
clo
s
ely
ass
o
ciate
d
with
o
th
er
h
u
m
an
elem
e
n
ts
,
f
r
e
q
u
en
tly
in
s
tatis
tics
.
Actio
n
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tak
en
to
co
n
tr
o
l th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
an
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
c
o
n
tr
o
l
in
co
n
ju
n
ctio
n
with
th
e
o
t
h
er
th
r
ee
ca
teg
o
r
ies.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
5
:
1
83
-
1
91
186
3
.
2
.
2
.
Ris
k
f
a
c
t
o
r
o
f
a
cc
ident
s
a
m
o
ng
co
a
l ha
uli
ng
t
ruck
s
a.
Hu
m
an
f
ac
to
r
W
o
r
k
e
r
s
i
n
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
c
ti
v
i
t
i
es
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
s
u
s
ce
p
t
i
b
l
e
t
o
i
n
ju
r
y
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
e
r
t
w
o
g
r
o
u
p
s
[
2
3
]
.
D
u
m
p
t
r
u
c
k
d
r
i
v
e
r
s
w
h
o
v
i
o
l
at
e
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
s
a
f
e
t
y
r
u
l
e
s
a
r
e
t
h
e
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
c
a
u
s
e
o
f
o
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
al
a
c
ci
d
en
t
s
i
n
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
[
1
2
]
,
[
4
7
]
.
O
n
e
e
x
p
l
a
n
a
ti
o
n
is
th
a
t
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
g
r
e
a
t
e
r
m
o
b
i
l
i
t
y
i
n
m
i
n
e
s
t
h
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
s
[
2
3
]
.
S
e
v
er
a
l
r
is
k
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
t
h
a
t
c
a
u
s
e
i
n
ci
d
e
n
t
s
a
r
e
s
p
ee
d
a
n
d
a
g
g
r
e
s
s
i
v
e
d
r
i
v
i
n
g
,
a
l
c
o
h
o
l
i
n
t
a
k
e
,
p
h
y
s
i
ca
l
li
m
i
t
at
i
o
n
s
o
f
d
r
i
v
e
r
s
,
v
i
o
l
a
ti
o
n
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
,
l
a
c
k
i
n
g
a
s
e
l
f
-
r
es
c
u
er
,
a
g
e
,
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
ce
o
f
m
i
n
e
r
s
,
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
m
o
k
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
l
a
c
k
o
f
a
w
a
r
e
n
es
s
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
L
o
n
g
h
o
u
r
s
o
n
t
h
e
j
o
b
,
s
h
i
f
t
w
o
r
k
,
a
n
d
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
u
n
d
e
r
f
l
y
-
i
n
f
l
y
-
o
u
t
(
F
I
FO
)
o
r
d
r
i
v
e
-
in
d
r
i
v
e
-
o
u
t
(
D
I
D
O
)
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
(
a
p
r
a
c
t
ic
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
ed
i
n
m
o
r
e
r
e
m
o
t
e
,
i
s
o
l
a
t
e
d
m
i
n
e
s
,
r
e
q
u
i
r
i
n
g
s
ta
f
f
t
o
t
r
a
v
e
l
t
o
th
e
w
o
r
k
s
i
t
e
a
n
d
t
o
r
e
s
i
d
e
i
n
te
m
p
o
r
a
r
y
l
o
d
g
i
n
g
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
s
h
i
f
ts
a
n
d
t
h
e
b
l
o
c
k
o
f
s
h
i
f
t
s
)
m
a
y
c
o
m
p
o
u
n
d
r
i
s
k
y
b
e
h
av
i
o
r
[
3
4
]
.
C
o
g
n
itiv
e
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
c
h
as
wo
r
k
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
jo
b
u
n
h
ap
p
i
n
e
s
s
,
n
eg
ativ
e
af
f
ec
tiv
ity
,
an
d
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
s
'
r
atin
g
s
o
f
wo
r
k
s
af
ety
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
h
av
e
b
ee
n
lin
k
ed
to
u
n
s
af
e
b
eh
av
io
r
s
am
o
n
g
d
u
m
p
tr
u
ck
d
r
iv
e
r
s
[
1
2
]
.
W
o
r
k
er
s
in
d
icate
th
at
a
lack
o
f
f
ac
ilit
ies
is
a
cr
u
cial
wo
r
r
y
d
esp
ite
th
e
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
wo
r
k
in
g
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
.
E
m
p
lo
y
ee
u
n
h
ap
p
in
ess
with
th
eir
jo
b
s
an
d
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
r
em
ain
s
h
ig
h
f
o
llo
win
g
an
ac
cid
en
t
[
2
3
]
.
C
o
al
m
in
in
g
o
p
er
at
o
r
s
h
av
e
h
ig
h
lev
els
o
f
m
en
tal
tire
d
n
ess
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
[
2
4
]
.
B
r
ain
tire
d
n
ess
i
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
elem
en
t
th
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
co
g
n
it
iv
e
f
o
cu
s
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
ato
r
'
s
m
en
tal
tire
d
n
ess
w
as
r
elate
d
to
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
d
r
iv
in
g
ac
tiv
ity
[
3
7
]
.
Op
er
ato
r
s
m
u
s
t
m
ain
tain
aler
t
n
ess
wh
eth
er
d
r
iv
in
g
alo
n
e
o
n
lo
n
ely
r
o
a
d
s
o
r
in
cr
o
wd
e
d
p
i
t
ar
ea
s
[
2
4
]
.
As
th
e
wo
r
k
tim
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
es,
th
e
wo
r
k
er
'
s
th
in
k
in
g
wo
r
k
lo
ad
r
is
es,
lead
in
g
to
ex
h
a
u
s
tio
n
.
Af
ter
th
e
4
5
th
an
d
9
0
th
m
in
u
tes
o
f
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
wo
r
k
,
s
u
b
jectiv
e
an
d
o
b
jectiv
e
d
ata
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
wo
r
k
e
r
g
r
o
w
s
a
m
o
r
e
ex
ce
llen
t
s
p
o
k
en
s
tate
o
f
n
eu
r
al
tire
d
n
ess
[
2
6
]
.
b.
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
f
ac
to
r
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
co
al
e
x
tr
ac
ted
g
r
ew,
as
d
id
th
e
lev
els
o
f
p
a
r
ticles,
m
etals,
an
d
n
itro
g
e
n
o
x
id
es
[
2
8
]
,
[
4
2
]
.
T
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
d
u
s
t
r
is
es
b
y
8
.
0
3
tim
es
wh
en
tr
u
ck
s
u
n
lo
ad
co
m
p
a
r
ed
with
wh
en
th
ey
d
o
n
o
t
u
n
lo
ad
.
W
h
en
u
n
lo
a
d
in
g
u
n
d
e
r
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
q
u
ality
o
f
co
al
a
n
d
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
,
th
e
d
u
s
t
d
en
s
ity
in
cr
ea
s
es
b
y
2
5
-
3
0
tim
es
th
at
o
f
wh
en
n
o
t
u
n
lo
ad
ed
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
an
d
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
am
o
n
g
co
al
d
u
s
t
f
r
o
m
tailin
g
s
h
an
d
lin
g
,
r
o
ad
tr
af
f
ic,
an
d
co
al
wo
r
k
in
g
f
r
o
n
t
s
ites
.
Mo
is
tu
r
e
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
an
d
d
eb
r
is
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
af
f
ec
t
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
an
d
d
u
s
t
em
is
s
io
n
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
[
2
7
]
.
C
o
al
s
ea
m
s
with
h
ig
h
a
m
o
u
n
ts
o
f
q
u
a
r
tz,
tin
y
m
in
e
d
iam
eter
s
,
an
d
a
r
is
e
in
wo
r
k
s
h
if
ts
lead
in
g
to
co
al
a
n
d
s
ilica
d
u
s
t
d
ep
o
s
itio
n
co
u
l
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
p
n
e
u
m
o
co
n
i
o
s
is
d
is
ea
s
e
[
3
6
]
.
PM1
0
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
r
ates
wer
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
h
ig
h
er
in
m
in
in
g
ar
ea
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
u
r
b
a
n
o
r
r
u
r
al
n
o
n
-
m
in
in
g
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
.
Vu
ln
er
ab
les
m
ay
b
e
at
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
is
k
o
f
m
in
in
g
-
r
elate
d
p
o
llu
tio
n
[
2
8
]
.
T
o
p
r
e
v
en
t
d
u
s
t
d
is
aster
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
m
in
in
g
tr
u
ck
s
,
a
m
in
im
u
m
s
af
ety
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
4
5
m
eter
s
is
ac
h
ie
v
ab
le.
T
h
e
d
u
s
t
d
is
aster
im
p
ac
t
ar
ea
ex
h
i
b
its
a
lin
ea
r
d
ec
lin
e
in
th
e
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
d
ir
ec
tio
n
.
I
t
s
h
o
ws an
in
itial r
is
e
an
d
th
en
a
d
r
o
p
as th
e
v
er
tical
h
eig
h
t
g
r
o
ws
[
4
6
]
.
c.
Ma
ch
in
e
f
ac
to
r
T
h
e
ca
u
s
al
f
ac
to
r
s
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
m
in
in
g
tr
u
ck
ac
cid
en
ts
ar
e
o
v
er
lo
ad
i
n
g
p
o
o
r
lig
h
tin
g
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
p
er
v
eh
icle
m
ain
ten
a
n
ce
[
8
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
two
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
is
s
u
es
in
th
e
m
ai
n
ten
an
ce
elem
en
t
:
p
o
o
r
m
ain
ten
a
n
ce
an
d
tech
n
ical
f
ailu
r
e
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
e
latt
er
co
u
l
d
b
e
d
u
e
t
o
in
ad
e
q
u
ate
u
p
k
ee
p
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
ev
e
n
ts
th
at
ca
n
b
e
r
eso
lv
ed
b
y
a
tech
n
ical
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t,
esp
ec
ially
at
th
e
task
lev
el.
C
au
s
al
v
ar
iab
les
in
clu
d
e
a
lack
o
f
v
is
ib
ilit
y
,
p
r
o
p
er
s
ig
n
ag
e/si
g
n
alin
g
,
a
n
d
an
u
n
willin
g
n
ess
to
m
ain
tain
s
u
itab
le
b
er
m
s
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
s
to
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
s
u
ch
as
r
o
a
d
la
y
o
u
t,
b
r
ea
d
t
h
,
s
lo
p
e,
an
d
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
s
tate
ar
e
m
er
el
y
in
cid
e
n
tal
an
d
n
ee
d
m
o
r
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
c
an
b
e
r
eg
ar
d
e
d
d
ir
ec
tly
f
o
r
tr
af
f
ic
p
ath
p
lan
n
in
g
.
Mo
r
e
illu
m
in
atio
n
an
d
task
-
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
e
q
u
i
p
m
en
t w
er
e
al
s
o
m
en
tio
n
ed
[
5
2
]
.
d.
Or
g
an
izatio
n
al
f
ac
to
r
Or
g
an
izatio
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
u
n
s
af
e
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
an
d
u
n
s
af
e
s
tate
ca
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
ac
cid
en
ts
[
4
8
]
,
[
5
0
]
.
Or
g
an
izatio
n
al
in
f
lu
en
ce
,
h
az
ar
d
o
u
s
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
,
an
d
th
e
d
an
g
er
o
u
s
s
tate
o
f
m
in
er
s
h
a
v
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
f
im
p
ac
t
o
n
u
n
s
af
e
b
eh
a
v
i
o
r
[
5
0
]
.
I
n
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
b
y
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
ag
en
cies
an
d
o
t
h
er
e
x
ter
n
al
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
y
m
ay
r
esu
lt
in
a
d
a
n
g
er
o
u
s
s
tate
o
f
in
ter
n
a
l
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
s
u
c
h
as
n
o
t
e
n
o
u
g
h
s
a
f
ety
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
ir
r
atio
n
al
lab
o
r
ass
o
ciatio
n
s
,
w
h
ich
will
co
n
tin
u
e
to
ca
u
s
e
lead
er
s
to
is
s
u
e
illeg
al
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
an
d
n
o
t
in
v
esti
g
ate
o
r
r
ec
tify
e
n
co
d
e
d
r
is
k
s
,
r
esu
lt
in
g
in
lo
w
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
af
ety
awa
r
en
ess
an
d
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al
v
io
latio
n
s
[
4
8
]
.
3
.
2
.
3
.
P
re
v
ent
io
n
s
t
ra
t
e
g
y
a.
I
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
s
af
ety
c
u
ltu
r
e
Fo
cu
s
o
n
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
th
e
s
af
ety
co
m
m
itm
en
t
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
d
ep
a
r
tm
en
ts
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
th
e
in
s
id
e
a
n
d
o
u
ts
id
e
[
4
0
]
.
T
h
e
b
e
n
e
f
its
o
f
s
af
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ar
e
f
u
lly
r
ea
lized
in
co
n
ju
n
ctio
n
with
th
e
m
u
lti
-
ch
a
n
n
el
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
ath
,
o
r
g
an
ized
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
latf
o
r
m
,
m
o
b
ile
ter
m
in
als
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
an
d
o
th
er
ef
f
icien
t
in
ter
a
ctio
n
m
o
d
es
[
5
]
.
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
eir
co
m
m
itm
en
t
t
o
wo
r
k
p
lace
h
e
alth
an
d
s
af
ety
th
r
o
u
g
h
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
in
itiativ
es
s
taf
f
[
4
0
]
.
E
n
h
an
cin
g
co
wo
r
k
er
s
af
ety
in
s
id
e
th
e
c
o
a
l
m
in
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
is
a
cr
u
cial
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
af
ety
cu
ltu
r
e,
a
n
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f ris
k
fa
cto
r
s
a
n
d
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
s
tr
a
teg
y
in
a
cc
id
en
t
s
a
mo
n
g
co
a
l h
a
u
lin
g
…
(
A
d
e
n
a
n
)
187
it
is
an
ex
am
p
le
o
f
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ex
ch
an
g
e
o
f
s
af
ety
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
am
o
n
g
em
p
l
o
y
ee
s
.
I
n
ce
n
tiv
izin
g
s
taf
f
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
is
also
a
v
alu
a
b
le
s
af
ety
m
ea
s
u
r
e.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
ex
te
r
n
al
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
io
n
o
n
th
e
co
r
p
o
r
ate
s
af
ety
cu
ltu
r
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
ticed
;
it
m
a
y
d
r
iv
e
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
af
e
ty
cu
ltu
r
e
to
ad
ap
t
[
5
]
.
Dr
i
v
er
s
u
n
h
ap
p
y
with
th
eir
cu
r
r
en
t
p
o
s
itio
n
s
m
ay
c
o
n
d
u
ct
u
n
s
af
e
ac
ts
d
u
e
t
o
d
is
co
m
f
o
r
t,
lead
in
g
to
p
o
o
r
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
.
I
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
th
e
co
m
p
an
y
s
h
o
u
ld
d
e
v
is
e
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
lan
to
p
r
eser
v
e
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
f
o
r
d
u
m
p
tr
u
ck
d
r
iv
er
s
b
y
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
wo
r
k
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
[
1
2
]
.
b.
T
r
ain
in
g
a
n
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t
ef
f
icien
tly
av
o
i
d
s
th
e
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
o
f
o
t
h
er
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
to
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
r
eg
u
late
m
in
er
s
'
d
an
g
er
o
u
s
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
[
2
5
]
.
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
b
o
o
s
t
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
s
an
d
p
u
n
is
h
wo
r
k
er
s
o
n
is
s
u
es
s
u
ch
as e
r
g
o
n
o
m
ics (
o
f
h
an
d
-
ca
r
r
y
in
g
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le
)
[
2
0
]
,
[
5
2
]
.
C
o
al
m
in
in
g
co
m
p
an
ies
s
h
o
u
ld
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
in
tellig
en
t
e
q
u
ip
m
en
t
s
k
ills
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
an
d
ac
tiv
el
y
p
r
o
m
o
te
co
al
m
in
e
awa
r
e
n
ess
to
s
tr
en
g
th
en
co
al
wo
r
k
er
s
'
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
ab
ilit
ies
[
2
5
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
s
o
cializa
tio
n
o
f
wea
r
in
ess
em
p
h
asizes th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
o
f
g
ettin
g
en
o
u
g
h
an
d
g
o
o
d
q
u
ality
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
3
1
]
.
c.
Staf
f
in
g
an
d
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
Du
m
p
tr
u
c
k
s
ar
e
at
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
r
is
k
o
f
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
tire
d
n
e
s
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
in
ten
s
e
wo
r
k
p
r
ess
u
r
es.
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t
m
u
s
t
o
f
f
er
o
p
tim
al
r
esti
n
g
tim
e,
o
f
f
er
o
p
er
ato
r
s
au
d
io
m
u
s
ic
th
at
im
p
r
o
v
es
en
er
g
y
an
d
en
h
a
n
ce
s
jo
b
f
o
c
u
s
,
an
d
a
d
d
an
af
ter
n
o
o
n
s
h
if
t to
b
alan
ce
t
h
e
wo
r
k
i
n
g
h
o
u
r
s
[
2
1
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
lim
itin
g
tim
e
at
wo
r
k
a
n
d
s
h
if
ts
to
th
r
ee
s
h
if
ts
o
v
er
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
well
-
b
ein
g
o
f
h
a
u
l
d
u
m
p
tr
u
c
k
wo
r
k
e
r
s
[
3
1
]
.
A
wo
r
k
s
h
if
t
s
tr
ateg
y
ca
n
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
d
elay
i
n
ch
an
g
in
g
s
h
if
ts
.
Dela
y
C
h
an
g
e
Sh
if
t
r
ef
er
s
to
d
elay
s
in
c
o
a
l
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
d
u
e
to
wo
r
k
s
h
if
ts
th
at
ex
ce
e
d
tar
g
et
tim
es o
r
u
n
ex
p
ec
ted
d
ela
y
s
in
m
o
v
in
g
co
al
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
in
e
to
th
e
p
o
r
t [
3
8
]
.
d.
I
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
p
o
licy
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
Haz
ar
d
id
en
tific
atio
n
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
r
is
k
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
in
th
e
m
in
in
g
s
ec
to
r
[
4
4
]
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
an
y
m
u
s
t
co
n
d
u
ct
a
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t.
T
h
e
r
is
k
f
ac
to
r
s
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
r
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
m
in
in
g
tr
u
ck
ac
cid
e
n
ts
an
d
m
u
s
t
b
e
s
elec
ted
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
ir
r
elev
an
ce
,
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
,
a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
ilit
y
[
1
9
]
.
Ma
n
ag
er
s
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
m
u
s
t
also
id
en
tif
y
wo
r
k
p
lace
p
o
ten
t
ial
d
an
g
er
s
[
4
4
]
.
R
is
k
m
itig
atio
n
is
an
ac
tiv
ity
t
h
at
av
o
id
s
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
th
e
s
ev
er
ity
o
f
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
d
an
g
er
s
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
r
is
k
m
in
im
izatio
n
is
a
s
tep
th
at
p
r
ev
en
ts
a
r
is
k
f
r
o
m
d
e
v
elo
p
i
n
g
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
h
ase
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
b
est
way
s
to
m
itig
ate
m
an
ag
em
en
t
ar
e
to
co
n
d
u
ct
o
p
er
atio
n
s
in
alig
n
m
en
t
with
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
o
p
er
atin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
s
u
p
p
ly
ad
eq
u
at
e
illu
m
in
atio
n
d
u
r
in
g
n
ig
h
ttime
ac
tiv
ities
,
an
d
em
p
lo
y
p
er
s
o
n
a
l p
r
o
tectiv
e
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
[
3
3
]
.
Strin
g
en
t m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
an
d
e
n
f
o
r
ce
m
en
t o
f
s
af
ety
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
m
ay
b
e
m
o
r
e
r
ea
lis
tic
an
d
co
s
t
-
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
in
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
r
u
n
[
2
0
]
.
Ma
k
in
g
n
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
d
r
iv
in
g
laws
ca
n
cu
t
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
ex
p
en
s
es
b
y
5
%
[
4
3
]
.
An
alter
n
ativ
e
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
s
y
s
tem
m
ay
b
e
m
o
r
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
in
th
e
lo
n
g
t
er
m
[
2
0
]
.
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
a
n
d
tire
p
ar
am
eter
s
is
ess
en
tial
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t
d
u
m
p
tr
u
ck
tire
s
f
r
o
m
b
u
r
s
tin
g
[
3
9
]
.
Pre
v
en
tiv
e
u
p
k
ee
p
f
o
r
d
r
iv
er
s
'
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
h
elp
s
r
e
d
u
ce
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
s
[
1
9
]
.
C
o
r
r
ec
tiv
e
m
ai
n
ten
an
ce
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
f
o
r
l
o
w
-
r
is
k
,
elec
tr
ical
-
s
tar
t,
m
ec
h
an
ical,
an
d
p
n
eu
m
a
tic
f
ailu
r
e
m
o
d
es.
T
im
e
-
b
ased
p
r
ev
en
tativ
e
ca
r
e
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
f
o
r
f
u
el
f
ailu
r
es
d
u
e
to
th
eir
h
ig
h
cr
iticality
an
d
s
ev
er
ity
[
3
2
]
.
e.
I
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
I
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ca
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
r
ed
u
cin
g
in
cid
e
n
ts
am
o
n
g
tr
u
c
k
d
r
iv
er
s
in
co
al
m
in
in
g
[
8
]
,
[
4
5
]
.
Self
-
d
r
iv
in
g
t
r
u
ck
s
ar
e
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
tr
ig
u
in
g
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
i
es
f
o
r
tack
lin
g
s
af
ety
is
s
u
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
ca
r
g
o
h
an
d
lin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
8
]
.
T
ex
t
m
i
n
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
u
tili
ze
d
t
o
id
en
tify
th
e
m
ain
m
is
h
ap
-
ca
u
s
in
g
v
ar
ia
b
les
f
r
o
m
lar
g
e
am
o
u
n
ts
o
f
ac
cid
e
n
t
r
e
p
o
r
ts
,
an
d
th
e
r
is
k
co
n
tr
o
l
m
o
d
el
in
a
s
o
ci
o
tech
n
ical
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
u
s
ed
t
o
ca
teg
o
r
ize
th
e
f
ac
t
o
r
h
ier
a
r
ch
i
es [
2
2
]
.
T
r
ain
in
g
th
at
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ca
n
b
e
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
t
h
an
tr
ad
itio
n
al
tr
ain
in
g
.
T
h
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
as
p
ar
t
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
ject
g
iv
e
h
ea
v
y
-
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
o
p
er
ato
r
s
tr
ain
i
n
g
th
at
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
eir
g
r
asp
o
f
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
an
d
th
e
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
p
r
e
-
s
h
if
t
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
s
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
m
in
e
s
taf
f
was
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
e
v
er
y
p
h
ase
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ject/sy
s
tem
'
s
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
test
in
g
in
th
e
m
in
e,
it
i
s
in
ten
d
ed
t
o
co
n
d
u
ct
a
m
o
r
e
s
cien
ti
f
ic
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
an
d
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
th
e
estab
lis
h
ed
s
y
s
tem
an
d
ca
lcu
late
r
et
u
r
n
o
n
in
v
estme
n
t (
R
OI
)
[
3
0
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Hu
m
an
,
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
tal,
m
ac
h
i
n
e
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
f
ac
t
o
r
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
r
is
k
am
o
n
g
d
r
i
v
er
tr
u
ck
s
in
co
al
m
in
in
g
.
Hu
m
an
r
is
k
f
a
cto
r
s
in
clu
d
e
ag
g
r
ess
iv
e
d
r
iv
i
n
g
,
alco
h
o
l
u
s
e,
d
r
iv
er
p
h
y
s
ica
l
lim
its
,
o
p
er
atio
n
al
v
io
latio
n
s
,
a
lac
k
o
f
a
s
elf
-
r
escu
er
,
a
g
e,
m
i
n
er
s
'
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
u
n
d
er
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
m
o
k
in
g
,
an
d
a
lack
o
f
awa
r
en
ess
.
A
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
to
r
is
a
co
al
d
u
s
t
ex
p
lo
s
io
n
.
Ov
er
lo
a
d
in
g
,
l
o
u
s
y
lig
h
tin
g
,
an
d
in
c
o
r
r
ec
t
v
e
h
icle
m
ain
ten
an
ce
ar
e
s
o
m
e
m
ac
h
in
e
f
ac
to
r
s
.
I
t
is
es
s
en
tial
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
m
u
ltifa
ce
ted
ca
u
s
es
o
f
wo
r
k
p
lace
in
ju
r
ies
th
r
o
u
g
h
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
r
e
v
en
tativ
e
in
itiativ
es.
Saf
ety
cu
ltu
r
e,
s
taf
f
in
g
an
d
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
,
tr
ain
in
g
an
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
p
o
licy
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
d
ep
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
ar
e
a
ll
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
ac
cid
en
t
p
r
ev
e
n
tio
n
p
la
n
.
T
h
e
ce
n
tr
a
l
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
s
h
o
u
ld
p
ay
p
ar
tic
u
lar
atten
tio
n
to
th
e
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
wo
r
k
er
s
in
cities
wi
th
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
p
o
licies to
p
r
ev
e
n
t m
in
in
g
-
r
elate
d
d
is
ea
s
es in
lo
ca
l c
o
m
m
u
n
ities
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
5
:
1
83
-
1
91
188
AP
P
E
NDI
X
T
ab
le
1
.
J
o
u
r
n
al
ar
ticles r
ev
ie
wed
N
o
.
R
e
f
.
C
o
u
n
t
r
y
Re
se
a
r
c
h
p
u
r
p
o
ses
M
e
t
h
o
d
S
a
mp
l
e
I
mp
o
r
t
a
n
t
r
e
su
l
t
s
1.
[
1
2
]
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
d
u
m
p
t
r
u
c
k
d
r
i
v
e
r
s'
d
e
c
i
si
o
n
-
ma
k
i
n
g
b
e
f
o
r
e
e
n
g
a
g
i
n
g
i
n
r
i
s
k
y
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
.
P
i
l
o
t
s
t
u
d
y
1
2
0
d
u
mp
t
r
u
c
k
d
r
i
v
e
r
s
C
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
w
o
r
k
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
,
j
o
b
u
n
h
a
p
p
i
n
e
ss
,
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
a
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
su
p
e
r
v
i
so
r
s'
r
a
t
i
n
g
s
o
f
w
o
r
k
s
a
f
e
t
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
l
i
n
k
e
d
t
o
u
n
saf
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
mo
n
g
d
u
m
p
t
r
u
c
k
d
r
i
v
e
r
s
.
2.
[
1
8
]
C
h
i
n
a
H
u
ma
n
a
s
p
e
c
t
s
o
f
c
o
a
l
mi
n
e
i
n
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
C
l
u
st
e
r
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
6
8
5
c
o
a
l
mi
n
e
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
K
-
M
e
a
n
s c
l
u
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
a
l
y
si
s c
l
a
ss
i
f
i
e
d
2
9
h
u
m
a
n
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
i
n
t
o
f
o
u
r
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
:
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
i
v
e
,
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
i
v
e
,
a
sso
c
i
a
t
e
d
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
i
v
e
,
a
n
d
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
i
v
e
.
3.
[
1
9
]
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
Th
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
r
o
u
t
i
n
e
u
p
k
e
e
p
o
n
t
h
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
K
3
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
S
u
r
v
e
y
2
,
1
4
5
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
Th
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
p
r
o
a
c
t
i
v
e
u
p
k
e
e
p
,
c
o
n
g
e
st
i
o
n
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
w
o
r
k
e
r
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
s,
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
a
n
d
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
n
t
r
a
n
sp
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
4.
[
2
0
]
C
h
i
n
a
a
n
d
I
n
d
i
a
Ex
a
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
t
h
a
t
l
e
a
d
t
o
i
n
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
i
n
mi
n
i
n
g
i
n
v
o
l
v
i
n
g
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
s
F
u
z
z
y
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
r
e
p
o
r
t
R
i
s
k
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
a
r
e
r
i
s
k
y
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
,
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
sch
e
d
u
l
e
,
u
n
saf
e
c
l
i
ma
t
i
c
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s,
a
n
d
i
mp
r
o
p
e
r
t
r
u
c
k
m
a
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
.
5.
[
2
1
]
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
A
n
a
l
y
z
e
t
h
e
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
fa
t
i
g
u
e
b
y
d
u
m
p
t
r
u
c
k
o
p
e
r
a
t
o
r
s
S
u
r
v
e
y
2
8
H
D
o
p
e
r
a
t
o
r
s
H
D
o
p
e
r
a
t
o
r
s
s
h
o
w
e
d
l
o
w
/
mi
l
d
f
a
t
i
g
u
e
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
l
i
t
t
l
e
i
mp
a
c
t
c
a
u
se
d
b
y
f
a
t
i
g
u
e
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
f
a
c
t
o
r
s.
6.
[
2
2
]
C
h
i
n
a
`
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s r
i
sk
f
a
c
t
o
r
S
u
r
v
e
y
3
0
7
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
r
e
p
o
r
t
M
a
n
a
g
e
r
i
a
l
a
u
t
h
o
r
i
t
y
i
s
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
a
s
p
e
c
t
o
f
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
c
a
u
s
a
t
i
o
n
;
g
a
s
i
n
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
a
d
e
q
u
a
t
e
s
a
f
e
t
y
o
v
e
r
s
i
g
h
t
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
s
m
s
a
r
e
l
a
c
k
i
n
g
.
7.
[
2
3
]
P
a
k
i
st
a
n
mi
n
e
r
s’
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
n
i
n
j
u
r
y
S
u
r
v
e
y
3
5
0
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
W
o
r
k
e
r
s
i
n
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
a
r
e
mo
r
e
su
sc
e
p
t
i
b
l
e
t
o
i
n
j
u
r
y
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
e
r
t
w
o
g
r
o
u
p
s.
8.
[
2
4
]
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
M
e
n
t
a
l
f
a
t
i
g
u
e
a
f
t
e
r
1
-
y
e
a
r
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
S
u
r
v
e
y
4
8
0
o
p
e
r
a
t
o
r
s
O
p
e
r
a
t
o
r
s
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
st
r
e
ss
a
n
d
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
mi
n
e
a
r
e
a
s
h
o
w
e
d
si
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
a
sso
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
s wi
t
h
me
n
t
a
l
t
i
r
e
d
n
e
ss.
9.
[
2
5
]
C
h
i
n
a
F
a
c
t
o
r
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
n
u
n
saf
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
F
u
z
z
y
S
h
a
a
n
x
i
C
o
a
l
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
l
y
a
v
o
i
d
s
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
o
f
o
t
h
e
r
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
i
n
g
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
t
o
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
e
mi
n
e
r
s'
d
a
n
g
e
r
o
u
s
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
s.
1
0
.
[
2
6
]
C
h
i
n
a
I
mp
a
c
t
o
f
B
r
a
i
n
f
a
t
i
g
u
e
o
n
v
i
s
u
a
l
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
t
e
r
mi
n
a
l
(
V
D
T)
o
p
e
r
a
t
o
r
Ex
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
1
7
V
D
T
o
p
e
r
a
t
o
r
B
r
a
i
n
t
i
r
e
d
n
e
ss
i
s
a
si
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
e
l
e
me
n
t
t
h
a
t
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
s
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
f
o
c
u
s
i
n
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
V
D
T
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
1
1
.
[
2
7
]
C
h
i
n
a
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
e
d
u
s
t
Ex
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
S
e
v
e
n
t
a
i
l
i
n
g
a
n
d
c
o
a
l
-
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
z
o
n
e
s
S
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
p
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
i
z
e
a
n
d
c
o
mp
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
s
e
x
i
st
a
mo
n
g
c
o
a
l
d
u
st
f
r
o
m
t
a
i
l
i
n
g
s
h
a
n
d
l
i
n
g
,
r
o
a
d
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
,
a
n
d
c
o
a
l
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
f
r
o
n
t
si
t
e
s
.
1
2
.
[
2
8
]
A
u
st
r
a
l
i
a
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
a
i
r
p
o
l
l
u
t
a
n
t
s
f
r
o
m c
o
a
l
m
i
n
i
n
g
Ex
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
A
u
st
r
a
l
i
a
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
P
o
l
l
u
t
a
n
t
I
n
v
e
n
t
o
r
y
R
e
p
o
r
t
2
0
0
8
-
2
0
1
8
Th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
c
o
a
l
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
e
d
g
r
e
w
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
sea
r
c
h
p
e
r
i
o
d
,
a
s
d
i
d
t
h
e
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
p
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s,
m
e
t
a
l
s,
a
n
d
n
i
t
r
o
g
e
n
o
x
i
d
e
s.
1
3
.
[
2
9
]
M
o
n
g
o
l
i
a
D
u
st
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
o
p
e
n
-
p
i
t
Ex
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
H
a
’
e
r
w
u
S
u
o
p
e
n
-
p
i
t
Th
e
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
a
mo
u
n
t
o
f
d
u
s
t
r
i
s
e
s
b
y
8
.
0
3
t
i
mes
w
h
e
n
t
r
u
c
k
s
u
n
l
o
a
d
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
w
i
t
h
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
y
d
o
n
o
t
u
n
l
o
a
d
.
1
4
.
[
3
0
]
US
Tr
a
i
n
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Ex
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
S
u
r
f
a
c
e
mi
n
e
Th
e
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
-
b
a
s
e
d
t
a
s
k
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
(
C
B
T
T)
a
n
d
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
r
e
a
l
i
t
y
(
V
R
)
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
a
s
p
a
r
t
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
g
i
v
e
H
e
a
v
y
-
Eq
u
i
p
me
n
t
O
p
e
r
a
t
o
r
s
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
a
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
t
h
e
i
r
g
r
a
sp
o
f
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
c
e
o
f
p
r
e
-
sh
i
f
t
i
n
s
p
e
c
t
i
o
n
s.
1
5
.
[
3
1
]
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
men
t
a
l
w
o
r
k
l
o
a
d
a
n
d
sl
e
e
p
q
u
a
n
t
i
t
y
S
u
r
v
e
y
1
2
3
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
Li
mi
t
i
n
g
t
i
m
e
a
t
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
sh
i
f
t
s
t
o
t
h
r
e
e
s
h
i
f
t
s
o
v
e
r
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
i
mp
r
o
v
e
s
t
h
e
w
e
l
l
-
b
e
i
n
g
o
f
h
a
u
l
d
u
m
p
t
r
u
c
k
w
o
r
k
e
r
s.
1
6
.
[
3
2
]
I
r
a
n
Mi
n
i
n
g
e
q
u
i
p
me
n
t
ma
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
C
a
se
st
u
d
y
5
-
7
5
8
K
o
ma
t
su
d
u
m
p
-
t
r
u
c
k
C
o
r
r
e
c
t
i
v
e
u
p
k
e
e
p
i
s
r
e
c
o
mm
e
n
d
e
d
f
o
r
l
o
w
-
r
i
s
k
,
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
-
st
a
r
t
,
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
c
a
l
,
a
n
d
p
n
e
u
mat
i
c
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
mo
d
e
s
.
1
7
.
[
3
3
]
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
r
i
sk
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
a
n
d
r
i
s
k
mi
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
F
u
z
z
y
M
a
n
a
g
e
r
a
n
d
st
a
f
f
C
o
n
d
u
c
t
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
a
l
i
g
n
me
n
t
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
P
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
i
n
t
h
e
f
i
r
st
r
a
n
k
,
su
p
p
l
y
a
d
e
q
u
a
t
e
i
l
l
u
mi
n
a
t
i
o
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
n
i
g
h
t
t
i
m
e
i
n
t
h
e
sec
o
n
d
r
a
n
k
,
a
n
d
e
m
p
l
o
y
P
P
E
e
n
t
i
r
e
l
y
i
n
t
h
e
t
h
i
r
d
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
.
1
8
.
[
3
4
]
A
u
st
r
a
l
i
a
A
l
c
o
h
o
l
i
n
t
a
k
e
a
mo
n
g
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
S
u
r
v
e
y
1
7
9
9
m
i
n
e
r
s
R
i
s
k
y
a
l
c
o
h
o
l
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
i
s
h
i
g
h
e
r
a
m
o
n
g
y
o
u
n
g
e
r
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
-
st
r
e
ss
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f ris
k
fa
cto
r
s
a
n
d
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
s
tr
a
teg
y
in
a
cc
id
en
t
s
a
mo
n
g
co
a
l h
a
u
lin
g
…
(
A
d
e
n
a
n
)
189
T
ab
le
1
.
J
o
u
r
n
al
ar
ticles r
ev
ie
wed
(
C
o
n
tin
u
e
)
N
o
.
R
e
f
.
C
o
u
n
t
r
y
R
e
se
a
r
c
h
p
u
r
p
o
ses
M
e
t
h
o
d
S
a
mp
l
e
I
mp
o
r
t
a
n
t
r
e
su
l
t
s
1
9
.
[
3
5
]
C
h
i
n
a
mu
l
t
i
f
a
c
t
o
r
r
i
sk
i
n
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
n
g
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
e
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s.
C
o
u
p
l
i
n
g
mo
d
e
l
3
7
5
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
r
i
sk
c
r
e
a
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
c
o
m
b
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
h
u
ma
n
-
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
-
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
i
s
t
h
e
b
i
g
g
e
s
t
i
n
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
e
-
f
a
c
t
o
r
r
i
sk
c
o
u
p
l
i
n
g
o
f
c
o
a
l
mi
n
e
s
2
0
.
[
3
6
]
US
Th
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
mi
n
i
n
g
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
e
v
a
l
e
n
c
e
o
f
p
n
e
u
mo
c
o
n
i
o
s
i
s.
Lo
n
g
i
t
u
d
i
n
a
l
1
2
3
,
5
8
9
mi
n
e
s
C
o
a
l
m
i
n
e
r
s i
n
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
o
u
n
d
c
o
a
l
s
e
a
ms a
r
e
m
o
r
e
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
c
o
n
t
r
a
c
t
p
n
e
u
m
o
c
o
n
i
o
si
s
t
h
a
n
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
i
n
su
r
f
a
c
e
c
o
a
l
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
2
1
.
[
3
7
]
US
A
n
t
e
c
e
d
e
n
t
s
o
f
o
p
e
r
a
t
o
r
s' w
e
a
r
i
n
e
ss
C
a
se
st
u
d
y
F
a
t
i
g
u
e
R
e
p
o
r
t
i
n
2
0
1
6
-
2
0
2
0
F
a
c
t
o
r
s
su
c
h
a
s
t
h
e
n
u
mb
e
r
o
f
c
y
c
l
e
s
,
e
x
t
r
a
t
i
me,
l
a
b
o
r
h
o
u
r
s,
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
ma
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
i
n
g
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
may
a
d
d
t
o
p
h
y
si
c
a
l
o
r
p
h
y
s
i
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
s
t
r
e
sso
r
s
f
o
r
o
p
e
r
a
t
o
r
s.
2
2
.
[
3
8
]
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
Ef
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
h
o
u
r
s
f
o
r
c
a
r
r
y
i
n
g
c
o
a
l
O
b
serv
a
t
i
o
n
M
a
r
u
w
a
i
c
o
a
l
Th
e
w
o
r
k
s
h
i
f
t
st
r
a
t
e
g
y
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
d
e
l
a
y
met
r
i
c
s
i
s t
o
r
e
d
u
c
e
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
w
o
r
k
d
e
l
a
y
.
2
3
.
[
3
9
]
N
o
t
men
t
i
o
n
e
d
Le
a
d
i
n
g
c
a
u
ses
o
f
d
u
m
p
t
r
u
c
k
t
i
r
e
b
r
e
a
k
i
n
g
.
F
u
z
z
y
D
u
mp
t
r
u
c
k
d
r
i
v
e
r
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
p
r
e
ss
u
r
e
,
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
,
a
n
d
t
i
r
e
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
i
s
c
r
u
c
i
a
l
t
o
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
d
u
m
p
t
r
u
c
k
t
i
r
e
s
f
r
o
m b
u
r
st
i
n
g
.
2
4
.
[
4
0
]
C
h
i
n
a
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
i
n
safe
t
y
i
n
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e
S
u
r
v
e
y
4
9
3
s
t
a
f
f
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
's
d
e
d
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
safe
t
y
,
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
t
h
e
i
r
u
n
d
e
r
st
a
n
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
r
i
v
e
,
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
e
mp
l
o
y
e
e
s
a
f
e
t
y
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
.
2
5
.
[
4
1
]
C
h
i
n
a
S
a
f
e
t
y
r
i
s
k
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
S
u
r
v
e
y
1
7
0
s
t
a
f
f
Ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
s
a
f
e
t
y
ma
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
i
n
g
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
s
f
i
r
ms
t
o
f
u
l
f
i
l
l
t
h
e
i
r
p
r
i
mar
y
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
.
2
6
.
[
4
2
]
N
o
t
men
t
i
o
n
e
d
R
i
s
k
a
ssessm
e
n
t
S
u
r
v
e
y
O
H
S
su
p
e
r
v
i
so
r
s
N
o
i
se
,
t
e
n
si
o
n
,
a
n
d
d
u
s
t
a
r
e
r
i
sk
s
w
o
r
l
d
w
i
d
e
,
a
f
f
e
c
t
i
n
g
a
l
l
w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e
s.
2
7
.
[
4
3
]
C
h
i
n
a
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
d
r
i
v
e
r
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
Ex
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
M
i
n
i
n
g
t
r
u
c
k
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
i
z
i
n
g
d
r
i
v
e
r
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
c
a
n
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
t
h
e
p
r
e
c
i
si
o
n
o
f
m
i
n
i
n
g
a
u
t
o
mo
b
i
l
e
d
a
t
a
b
y
7
–
1
2
%
a
n
d
r
e
d
u
c
e
t
h
e
c
o
st
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
b
y
a
r
o
u
n
d
5
%.
2
8
.
[
4
4
]
C
h
i
n
a
I
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
h
a
z
a
r
d
C
a
se
st
u
d
y
Y
i
ma
c
o
a
l
H
a
z
a
r
d
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
e
ss
e
n
t
i
a
l
f
o
r
r
i
s
k
man
a
g
e
me
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
m
i
n
i
n
g
sec
t
o
r
.
2
9
.
[
4
5
]
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
R
i
s
k
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
M
i
x
m
e
t
h
o
d
C
o
n
t
r
a
c
t
o
r
a
n
d
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
o
w
n
e
r
R
i
s
k
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
t
h
a
t
mi
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
a
st
r
e
n
g
t
h
o
f
su
p
p
l
y
c
h
a
i
n
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
3
0
.
[
4
6
]
C
h
i
n
a
I
mp
a
c
t
d
u
st
o
n
t
h
e
d
r
i
v
e
r
Lo
n
g
i
t
u
d
i
n
a
l
M
i
n
i
n
g
t
r
u
c
k
To
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
d
u
st
d
i
s
a
st
e
r
s
c
a
u
se
d
b
y
m
i
n
i
n
g
t
r
u
c
k
s,
a
mi
n
i
mu
m
s
a
f
e
t
y
d
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
o
f
4
5
m
e
t
e
r
s
i
s
a
c
h
i
e
v
a
b
l
e
.
3
1
.
[
4
7
]
C
h
i
n
a
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
e
r
i
s
k
f
a
c
t
o
r
S
u
r
v
e
y
C
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
o
r
r
i
sk
y
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
a
n
d
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
r
y
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
a
r
e
t
h
e
p
r
i
mar
y
c
a
u
ses
o
f
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s,
a
n
d
a
p
o
o
r
man
a
g
e
me
n
t
s
y
st
e
m
i
s
a
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
t
a
l
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
a
f
e
t
y
r
i
sk
st
a
t
u
s.
3
2
.
[
4
8
]
C
h
i
n
a
Tr
a
j
e
c
t
o
r
i
e
s
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
t
o
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
C
a
se
st
u
d
y
8
8
3
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
I
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
u
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
b
y
g
o
v
e
r
n
me
n
t
a
g
e
n
c
i
e
s
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
s
u
p
e
r
v
i
s
o
r
y
d
e
p
a
r
t
men
t
s
ma
y
r
e
su
l
t
i
n
a
n
u
n
s
a
f
e
s
t
a
t
e
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
.
3
3
.
[
4
9
]
I
n
d
i
a
R
i
s
k
f
a
c
t
o
r
o
f
i
n
c
i
d
e
n
t
C
a
se
-
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
1
3
5
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
i
t
i
s
e
ss
e
n
t
i
a
l
t
o
a
d
d
r
e
ss
t
h
e
m
u
l
t
i
f
a
c
e
t
e
d
c
a
u
ses
o
f
w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e
i
n
j
u
r
i
e
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
a
t
i
v
e
i
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
v
e
s.
3
4
.
[
5
0
]
C
h
i
n
a
U
n
safe
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
u
r
S
u
r
v
e
y
1
,
1
5
0
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
En
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
,
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
l
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
,
u
n
s
a
f
e
su
p
e
r
v
i
si
o
n
,
a
n
d
mi
n
e
r
s'
d
a
n
g
e
r
o
u
s
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
w
e
r
e
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
r
i
sk
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
i
n
g
u
n
saf
e
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
a
mo
n
g
d
e
e
p
c
o
a
l
mi
n
e
r
s.
3
5
.
[
5
1
]
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
U
n
r
e
a
l
i
z
e
d
p
o
l
i
c
y
t
o
b
u
i
l
d
c
o
a
l
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
Q
u
a
l
i
t
a
t
i
v
e
C
o
a
l
t
r
u
c
k
d
r
i
v
e
r
s
a
n
d
st
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
I
mm
e
d
i
a
t
e
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
o
f
a
s
e
p
a
r
a
t
e
r
o
a
d
f
o
r
c
o
a
l
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
n
e
c
e
ss
a
r
y
t
o
a
l
l
e
v
i
a
t
e
t
h
e
b
u
r
d
e
n
o
n
t
h
e
su
r
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
a
r
e
a
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
J
.
G
a
s
p
a
r
o
t
t
o
a
n
d
K
.
D
a
B
o
i
t
M
a
r
t
i
n
e
l
l
o
,
“
C
o
a
l
a
s
a
n
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
a
n
d
i
t
s
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
o
n
h
u
m
a
n
h
e
a
l
t
h
,
”
E
n
e
r
g
y
G
e
o
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
–
1
2
0
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
n
g
e
o
s
.
2
0
2
0
.
0
7
.
0
0
3
.
[
2
]
T
.
I
E
A
,
“
W
o
r
l
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
s
:
O
v
e
r
v
i
e
w
,
”
2
0
2
3
.
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
i
e
a
.
o
r
g
/
r
e
p
o
r
t
s
/
w
o
r
l
d
-
e
n
e
r
g
y
-
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
s
-
o
v
e
r
v
i
e
w
(
a
c
c
e
s
s
e
d
M
a
r
.
1
0
,
2
0
2
4
)
.
[
3
]
C
.
T
r
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
c
y
,
“
M
a
n
a
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
h
a
s
e
-
o
u
t
o
f
c
o
a
l
—
A
c
o
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n
o
f
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
G
2
0
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
,
”
C
l
i
m
a
t
e
T
r
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
c
y
,
B
e
r
l
i
n
,
2
0
1
9
.
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
-
t
r
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
c
y
.
o
r
g
/
w
p
-
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
/
u
p
l
o
a
d
s
/
2
0
1
9
/
0
5
/
M
a
n
a
g
i
n
g
-
t
h
e
-
p
h
a
s
e
-
o
u
t
-
of
-
c
o
a
l
-
D
I
G
I
TA
L
.
p
d
f
(
a
c
c
e
s
s
e
d
M
a
r
.
1
3
,
2
0
2
4
)
.
[
4
]
X
.
Y
a
n
g
,
K
.
K
r
u
l
,
a
n
d
D
.
S
i
m
s
,
“
U
n
c
o
v
e
r
i
n
g
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
i
n
g
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
c
o
v
e
r
u
p
s
:
A
n
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
o
n
C
h
i
n
a
’
s
n
e
w
s
a
f
e
t
y
n
a
r
r
a
t
i
v
e
,
”
S
a
f
e
t
y
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
8
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
s
s
c
i
.
2
0
2
1
.
1
0
5
6
3
7
.
[
5
]
J
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
J
.
F
u
,
H
.
H
a
o
,
G
.
F
u
,
F
.
N
i
e
,
a
n
d
W
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
“
R
o
o
t
c
a
u
s
e
s
o
f
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
e
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
:
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
s
a
f
e
t
y
c
u
l
t
u
r
e
d
e
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
i
e
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
s
,
”
P
r
o
c
e
s
s
S
a
f
e
t
y
a
n
d
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
6
,
p
p
.
7
8
–
9
1
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
p
s
e
p
.
2
0
2
0
.
0
1
.
0
2
4
.
[
6
]
J
.
T
i
a
n
,
Y
.
W
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
S
.
G
a
o
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
m
i
n
i
n
g
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
i
n
j
u
r
i
e
s
i
n
c
h
i
n
e
s
e
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
e
s
a
n
d
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
r
i
s
k
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
:
A
s
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
a
l
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
t
u
d
y
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
a
m
e
t
a
-
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
P
u
b
l
i
c
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
2
3
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
i
j
e
r
p
h
1
9
2
3
1
6
2
4
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
5
:
1
83
-
1
91
190
[
7
]
F
.
W
a
n
g
,
Y
.
Y
a
n
g
,
L
.
W
u
,
H
.
M
e
n
g
,
P
.
L
i
,
a
n
d
L
.
P
a
n
g
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
n
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
e
i
n
g
l
o
b
a
l
m
a
j
o
r
c
o
a
l
p
r
o
d
u
c
i
n
g
c
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
,
”
S
m
a
r
t
C
i
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
9
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
5
9
5
/
s
c
a
t
.
2
0
2
2
.
2
2
4
1
9
.
[
8
]
A
.
M
o
n
i
r
i
-
M
o
r
a
d
,
M
.
S
.
S
h
i
s
h
v
a
n
,
M
.
A
g
u
i
l
a
r
,
M
.
G
o
l
i
,
a
n
d
J
.
S
a
t
t
a
r
v
a
n
d
,
“
P
o
w
e
r
e
d
h
a
u
l
a
g
e
s
a
f
e
t
y
,
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
,
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
a
n
d
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
m
i
n
i
n
g
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
;
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
”
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
i
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
r
i
n
e
n
g
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
0
1
6
8
4
.
[
9
]
T
.
G
a
b
e
r
,
Y
.
E
l
J
a
z
o
u
l
i
,
E
.
E
l
d
e
s
o
u
k
y
,
a
n
d
A
.
A
l
i
,
“
A
u
t
o
n
o
m
o
u
s
h
a
u
l
a
g
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
i
n
t
h
e
m
i
n
i
n
g
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
:
C
y
b
e
r
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
,
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
an
d
s
a
f
e
t
y
i
s
s
u
e
s
a
n
d
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
,
”
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
J
u
n
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
1
0
1
1
1
3
5
7
.
[
1
0
]
J
.
L
.
B
e
l
l
a
n
c
a
,
M
.
E
.
R
y
a
n
,
T
.
J
.
O
r
r
,
a
n
d
R
.
J
.
B
u
r
g
e
s
s
-
L
i
m
e
r
i
c
k
,
“
W
h
y
d
o
h
a
u
l
t
r
u
c
k
f
a
t
a
l
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
k
e
e
p
o
c
c
u
r
r
i
n
g
?
,
”
M
i
n
i
n
g
,
M
e
t
a
l
l
u
r
g
y
&
E
x
p
l
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
3
8
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
9
–
1
0
2
9
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
4
2
4
6
1
-
0
2
1
-
0
0
4
1
0
-
1.
[
1
1
]
N
.
I
.
Z
a
i
n
u
d
d
i
n
,
A
.
K
.
A
r
s
h
a
d
,
R
.
H
a
m
i
d
u
n
,
S
.
H
a
r
o
n
,
a
n
d
W
.
H
a
s
h
i
m
,
“
I
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
r
o
a
d
a
n
d
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
t
o
w
a
r
d
s
h
e
a
v
y
-
g
o
o
d
s
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
f
a
t
a
l
c
r
a
s
h
e
s
,
”
P
h
y
s
i
c
s
a
n
d
C
h
e
m
i
s
t
r
y
o
f
t
h
e
E
a
r
t
h
,
P
a
r
t
s
A
/
B
/
C
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
9
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
p
c
e
.
2
0
2
2
.
1
0
3
3
4
2
.
[
1
2
]
A
.
A
d
y
a
t
a
m
a
,
D
.
H
.
S
y
a
i
f
u
l
l
a
h
,
a
n
d
B
.
N
.
M
o
c
h
,
“
E
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
c
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
o
n
h
a
u
l
i
n
g
w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
:
S
t
u
d
y
c
a
s
e
a
t
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
B
o
r
n
e
o
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
,
”
i
n
A
I
P
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
,
2
0
2
0
.
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
6
3
/
5
.
0
0
0
7
2
4
7
.
[
1
3
]
E
.
S
t
e
m
n
a
n
d
F
.
K
r
a
m
p
a
h
,
“
I
n
j
u
r
y
s
e
v
e
r
i
t
y
a
n
d
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
i
n
s
u
r
f
a
c
e
m
i
n
e
s
:
A
c
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
”
S
a
f
e
t
y
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
5
,
J
a
n
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
s
s
c
i
.
2
0
2
1
.
1
0
5
4
9
5
.
[
1
4
]
E
.
T
e
t
z
l
a
f
f
,
T
.
E
g
e
r
,
A
.
P
e
g
o
r
a
r
o
,
S
.
D
o
r
m
a
n
,
a
n
d
V
.
P
a
k
a
l
n
i
s
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
m
i
n
i
n
g
i
n
c
i
d
e
n
t
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
v
e
r
e
p
o
r
t
s
:
A
5
0
-
y
e
a
r
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
”
S
a
f
e
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
J
a
n
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
s
a
f
e
t
y
6
0
1
0
0
0
3
.
[
1
5
]
T
.
J
o
e
-
A
s
a
r
e
,
E
.
S
t
e
m
n
,
a
n
d
N
.
A
m
e
g
b
e
y
,
“
C
a
u
s
a
l
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
n
g
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
o
f
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
G
h
a
n
a
i
a
n
m
i
n
i
n
g
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
,
”
S
a
f
e
t
y
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
9
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
s
s
c
i
.
2
0
2
2
.
1
0
6
0
3
6
.
[
1
6
]
M
.
D
.
J
.
P
e
t
e
r
s
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
c
o
p
i
n
g
r
e
v
i
e
w
s
:
R
e
i
n
f
o
r
c
i
n
g
a
n
d
a
d
v
a
n
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
S
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
R
e
v
i
e
w
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/
s
1
3
6
4
3
-
021
-
0
1
8
2
1
-
3.
[
1
7
]
M
.
D
.
J
.
P
e
t
e
r
s
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
U
p
d
a
t
e
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
g
u
i
d
a
n
c
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
o
f
s
c
o
p
i
n
g
r
e
v
i
e
w
s
,
”
J
B
I
E
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
S
y
n
t
h
e
s
i
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
1
1
9
–
2
1
2
6
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
1
2
4
/
J
B
I
E
S
-
20
-
0
0
1
6
7
.
[
1
8
]
D
.
M
i
a
o
,
W
.
W
a
n
g
,
Y
.
L
v
,
L
.
L
i
u
,
K
.
Y
a
o
,
a
n
d
X
.
S
u
i
,
“
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
o
n
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
f
h
u
m
a
n
f
a
c
t
o
r
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
e
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
K
-
M
e
a
n
s
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
E
r
g
o
n
o
m
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
9
7
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
r
g
o
n
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
0
3
4
8
1
.
[
1
9
]
R
.
H
a
r
y
w
i
b
o
w
o
a
n
d
A
.
H
a
r
i
a
d
i
,
“
T
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
v
e
m
a
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
,
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
o
p
e
r
a
t
o
r
c
a
r
e
o
n
o
s
h
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
r
u
c
k
u
n
i
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
m
i
n
i
n
g
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
P
T
.
X
Y
Z
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
s
,
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
E
n
t
r
e
p
r
e
n
e
u
r
s
h
i
p
,
a
n
d
B
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
(
J
E
M
E
B
)
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
–
1
2
9
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
5
2
9
0
9
/
j
e
m
e
b
.
v
2
i
2
.
1
0
3
.
[
2
0
]
B
.
P
.
P
a
n
d
e
y
a
n
d
D
.
P
.
M
i
s
h
r
a
,
“
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
g
a
n
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
e
m
i
n
e
r
a
l
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
b
y
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
n
g
r
i
s
k
o
f
t
r
u
c
k
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
i
n
t
h
e
m
i
n
i
n
g
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
—
a
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
f
u
z
z
y
D
E
M
A
T
E
L
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
,
”
S
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
8
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
s
u
1
5
0
8
6
4
0
9
.
[
2
1
]
T
r
i
s
n
a
M
u
l
y
a
t
i
,
P
r
i
m
a
D
e
n
n
y
S
e
n
t
i
a
,
A
n
i
s
M
a
u
l
a
n
a
,
a
n
d
F
r
i
e
s
c
a
E
r
w
a
n
,
“
F
a
t
i
g
u
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
h
i
g
h
d
u
m
p
t
r
u
c
k
o
p
e
r
a
t
o
r
s
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
’
s
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
i
n
g
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
:
A
c
a
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
,
”
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
u
b
l
i
c
H
e
a
l
t
h
M
e
d
i
c
i
n
e
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
8
–
4
4
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
7
2
6
8
/
m
j
p
h
m
/
v
o
l
.
2
0
/
n
o
.
S
p
e
c
i
a
l
1
/
a
r
t
.
6
6
6
.
[
2
2
]
Z
.
Q
i
u
,
Q
.
L
i
u
,
X
.
L
i
,
J
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
Y
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
“
C
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
a
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
e
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
c
a
u
s
a
t
i
o
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
e
x
t
m
i
n
i
n
g
,
”
P
r
o
c
e
s
s
S
a
f
e
t
y
a
n
d
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
3
,
p
p
.
3
2
0
–
3
2
8
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
p
s
e
p
.
2
0
2
1
.
0
7
.
0
3
2
.
[
2
3
]
M
.
A
l
i
a
n
d
I
.
P
a
l
,
“
A
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
’
s
a
f
e
t
y
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
i
n
t
h
e
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
e
s
:
T
h
e
c
a
s
e
o
f
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
o
u
n
d
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
i
n
g
i
n
P
a
k
i
s
t
a
n
.
,
”
T
h
e
E
x
t
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
e
s
a
n
d
S
o
c
i
e
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
J
u
n
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
x
i
s
.
2
0
2
2
.
1
0
1
0
8
7
.
[
2
4
]
H
.
D
j
a
m
a
l
u
s
,
B
.
U
t
o
m
o
,
I
.
M
.
D
j
a
j
a
,
a
n
d
S
.
M
.
N
a
s
r
i
,
“
M
e
n
t
a
l
f
a
t
i
g
u
e
a
n
d
i
t
s
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
a
m
o
n
g
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
i
n
g
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
a
f
t
e
r
o
n
e
y
e
a
r
o
f
t
h
e
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
e
m
i
c
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
,
”
K
e
s
m
a
s
:
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
P
u
b
l
i
c
H
e
a
l
t
h
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
1
0
9
/
k
e
s
m
a
s
.
v
1
6
i
4
.
5
1
5
4
.
[
2
5
]
X
.
W
a
n
g
,
C
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
J
.
D
e
n
g
,
C
.
S
u
,
a
n
d
Z
.
G
a
o
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
i
n
g
m
i
n
e
r
s
’
u
n
s
a
f
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
s
i
n
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
m
i
n
e
s
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
o
v
e
l
h
y
b
r
i
d
M
C
D
M
m
o
d
e
l
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
P
u
b
l
i
c
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
J
u
n
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
i
j
e
r
p
h
1
9
1
2
7
3
6
8
.
[
2
6
]
L
.
S
u
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
f
b
r
a
i
n
f
a
t
i
g
u
e
o
n
t
h
e
s
u
s
t
a
i
n
e
d
a
t
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
o
f
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
e
V
D
T
o
p
e
r
a
t
o
r
s
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
P
u
b
l
i
c
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
1
7
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
i
j
e
r
p
h
1
9
1
7
1
1
0
3
4
.
[
2
7
]
P
.
T
r
e
c
h
e
r
a
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
C
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
e
d
u
s
t
e
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
s
i
n
a
n
o
p
e
n
-
p
i
t
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
e
i
n
N
o
r
t
h
w
e
s
t
C
h
i
n
a
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
o
a
l
G
e
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
5
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
c
o
a
l
.
2
0
2
1
.
1
0
3
6
7
7
.
[
2
8
]
M
.
H
e
n
d
r
y
x
,
M
.
S
.
I
s
l
a
m
,
G
.
-
H
.
D
o
n
g
,
a
n
d
G
.
P
a
u
l
,
“
A
i
r
p
o
l
l
u
t
i
o
n
e
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
s
2
0
0
8
–
2
0
1
8
f
r
o
m
A
u
s
t
r
a
l
i
a
n
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
i
n
g
:
I
m
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
n
d
o
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
P
u
b
l
i
c
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
i
j
e
r
p
h
1
7
0
5
1
5
7
0
.
[
2
9
]
Z
.
L
i
u
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
o
n
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
d
u
s
t
i
n
o
p
e
n
p
i
t
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
e
c
r
u
s
h
i
n
g
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
c
l
o
s
e
d
d
u
s
t
r
e
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
,
”
S
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
n
o
.
1
6
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
s
u
1
5
1
6
1
2
2
0
2
.
[
3
0
]
L
.
Z
u
j
o
v
i
c
,
V
.
K
e
c
o
j
e
v
i
c
,
a
n
d
D
.
B
o
g
u
n
o
v
i
c
,
“
I
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
m
o
b
i
l
e
e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
s
a
f
e
t
y
t
a
s
k
-
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
i
n
s
u
r
f
a
c
e
m
i
n
i
n
g
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
i
n
i
n
g
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
3
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
7
4
3
–
7
5
1
,
J
u
l
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
i
j
m
s
t
.
2
0
2
1
.
0
5
.
0
1
1
.
[3
1]
A
.
P
.
N
u
r
a
h
m
a
,
I
.
P
a
s
k
a
r
i
n
i
,
E
.
D
w
i
y
a
n
t
i
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
u
t
a
n
t
o
,
“
T
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
w
o
r
k
l
o
a
d
a
n
d
s
l
e
e
p
q
u
a
n
t
i
t
y
w
i
t
h
w
o
r
k
f
a
t
i
g
u
e
a
m
o
n
g
h
a
u
l
d
u
m
p
t
r
u
c
k
o
p
e
r
a
t
o
r
s
i
n
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
i
n
g
,
”
T
h
e
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
O
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
a
f
e
t
y
a
n
d
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
3
3
–
3
4
2
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
0
4
7
3
/
i
j
o
s
h
.
v
1
1
i
3
.
2
0
2
2
.
3
3
3
-
3
4
2
.
[
3
2
]
A
.
N
.
Q
a
r
a
h
a
s
a
n
l
o
u
,
A
.
B
a
r
a
b
a
d
i
,
a
n
d
M
.
S
a
l
e
k
i
,
“
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
n
r
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
-
c
e
n
t
r
e
d
m
a
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
i
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
(
J
M
E
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
6
7
–
6
8
8
,
2
0
2
3
.
[
3
3
]
J
.
A
u
l
i
a
a
n
d
D
.
P
I
s
h
a
k
,
“
R
i
s
k
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
a
n
d
r
i
s
k
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
i
n
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
i
n
g
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
F
M
E
C
A
-
f
u
z
z
y
T
O
P
S
I
S
m
e
t
h
o
d
,
”
i
n
P
r
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
i
n
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
&
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
(
I
M
E
O
M
)
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
2
.
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
4
6
2
5
4
/
B
D
0
5
.
2
0
2
2
0
1
9
3
.
[
3
4
]
C
.
L
.
J
a
m
e
s
,
R
.
J
.
T
y
n
a
n
,
A
.
T
.
B
e
z
z
i
n
a
,
M
.
M
.
R
a
h
m
a
n
,
a
n
d
B
.
J
.
K
e
l
l
y
,
“
A
l
c
o
h
o
l
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
a
u
s
t
r
a
l
i
a
n
m
i
n
i
n
g
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
:
T
h
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
w
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e
,
s
o
c
i
a
l
,
a
n
d
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
,
”
W
o
r
k
p
l
a
c
e
H
e
a
l
t
h
&
S
a
f
e
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
6
9
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
4
2
3
–
4
3
4
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
7
7
/
2
1
6
5
0
7
9
9
2
1
1
0
0
5
7
6
8
.
[
3
5
]
W
.
Q
i
a
o
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
a
n
d
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
u
l
t
i
f
a
c
t
o
r
r
i
s
k
i
n
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
o
u
n
d
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
e
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
c
o
u
p
l
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
r
y
,
”
R
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
&
S
y
s
t
e
m
S
a
f
e
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
8
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
r
e
s
s
.
2
0
2
1
.
1
0
7
4
3
3
.
[
3
6
]
Y
.
S
h
e
k
a
r
i
a
n
,
E
.
R
a
h
i
m
i
,
N
.
S
h
e
k
a
r
i
a
n
,
M
.
R
e
z
a
e
e
,
a
n
d
P
.
R
o
g
h
a
n
c
h
i
,
“
A
n
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
n
g
m
i
n
i
n
g
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
i
n
c
o
a
l
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
’
p
n
e
u
m
o
c
o
n
i
o
s
i
s
p
r
e
v
a
l
e
n
c
e
i
n
t
h
e
U
n
i
t
e
d
S
t
a
t
e
s
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
e
s
,
1
9
86
–
2
0
1
8
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
o
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
2
2
7
–
1
2
3
7
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
4
0
7
8
9
-
0
2
1
-
0
0
4
6
4
-
y.
[
3
7
]
E
.
T
a
l
e
b
i
,
W
.
P
.
R
o
g
e
r
s
,
a
n
d
F
.
A
.
D
r
e
w
s
,
“
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
a
n
d
w
o
r
k
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
t
h
a
t
d
r
i
v
e
f
a
t
i
g
u
e
o
f
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
h
a
u
l
t
r
u
c
k
d
r
i
v
e
r
s
,
”
M
i
n
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
5
4
2
–
5
6
5
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
m
i
n
i
n
g
2
0
3
0
0
2
9
.
[
3
8
]
E
.
T
a
m
p
u
b
o
l
o
n
a
n
d
A
.
H
a
r
y
o
D
w
i
t
o
,
“
O
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
h
o
u
r
s
f
o
r
c
o
a
l
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
f
r
o
m
r
o
m
t
o
p
o
r
t
:
S
t
u
d
y
a
t
P
t
.
M
a
r
u
w
a
i
C
o
a
l
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
K
a
l
i
m
a
n
t
a
n
,
”
B
I
O
W
e
b
o
f
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
8
9
,
J
a
n
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
5
1
/
b
i
o
c
o
n
f
/
2
0
2
4
8
9
0
6
0
0
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f ris
k
fa
cto
r
s
a
n
d
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
s
tr
a
teg
y
in
a
cc
id
en
t
s
a
mo
n
g
co
a
l h
a
u
lin
g
…
(
A
d
e
n
a
n
)
191
[
3
9
]
M
.
M
a
l
a
k
o
u
t
i
k
h
a
h
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
I
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
i
n
g
a
n
d
p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
z
i
n
g
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
a
f
f
e
c
t
i
n
g
b
u
r
s
t
i
n
g
o
f
d
u
m
p
t
r
u
c
k
t
i
r
e
s
i
n
m
i
n
e
s
u
s
i
n
g
f
u
z
z
y
b
e
s
t
-
w
o
r
s
t
m
e
t
h
o
d
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
i
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
(
J
M
E
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
2
2
5
–
1
2
3
7
,
2
0
2
2
.
[
4
0
]
Y
.
L
u
,
L
.
T
a
k
s
a
,
a
n
d
H
.
J
i
a
,
“
I
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
o
n
s
a
f
e
t
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
:
T
h
e
c
a
s
e
o
f
m
i
n
i
n
g
s
e
c
t
o
r
i
n
C
h
i
n
a
,
”
S
a
f
e
t
y
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
2
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
s
s
c
i
.
2
0
2
0
.
1
0
4
9
4
7
.
[
4
1
]
Q
.
Y
o
u
,
Q
.
Y
a
o
,
R
.
S
o
n
g
,
K
.
Y
u
,
C
.
X
u
,
a
n
d
H
.
C
a
o
,
“
M
u
l
t
i
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
a
l
s
a
f
e
t
y
r
i
s
k
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
n
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
e
s
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
p
r
o
f
i
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
d
i
l
e
m
m
a
,
”
S
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
R
e
p
o
r
t
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
3
8
/
s
4
1
5
9
8
-
0
2
3
-
2
9
7
9
5
-
3.
[
4
2
]
D
.
P
a
t
y
k
M
i
c
h
a
ł
a
n
d
N
o
w
a
k
-
S
e
n
d
e
r
o
w
s
k
a
,
“
O
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
r
i
s
k
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
’
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
a
n
d
a
w
a
r
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
h
a
z
a
r
d
s
i
n
m
i
n
i
n
g
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
o
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
4
0
7
8
9
-
0
2
2
-
0
0
5
5
4
-
5.
[
4
3
]
Z
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
R
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
J
.
S
u
n
,
“
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
o
n
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
f
d
r
i
v
i
n
g
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
o
f
m
i
n
i
n
g
t
r
u
c
k
d
r
i
v
e
r
s
i
n
a
n
o
p
e
n
-
p
i
t
m
i
n
e
,
”
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
2
0
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
a
p
p
1
3
2
0
1
1
5
9
7
.
[
4
4
]
Q
.
L
i
u
,
Y
.
P
e
n
g
,
Z
.
L
i
,
P
.
Z
h
a
o
,
a
n
d
Z
.
Q
i
u
,
“
H
a
z
a
r
d
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
f
o
r
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
o
u
n
d
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
e
r
i
s
k
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
-
r
o
o
t
-
s
t
a
t
e
h
a
z
a
r
d
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
R
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
P
o
l
i
c
y
,
v
o
l
.
7
2
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
r
e
s
o
u
r
p
o
l
.
2
0
2
1
.
1
0
2
0
5
2
.
[
4
5
]
K
.
K
o
i
r
i
n
a
n
d
I
.
P
r
a
s
e
t
i
a
,
“
R
i
s
k
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
c
o
a
l
h
a
u
l
i
n
g
r
o
a
d
u
p
g
r
a
d
e
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
a
t
P
T
.
B
o
r
n
e
o
I
n
d
o
b
a
r
a
t
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
,
”
I
O
P
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
S
e
r
i
e
s
:
E
a
r
t
h
a
n
d
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
8
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
8
/
1
7
5
5
-
1
3
1
5
/
1
1
8
4
/
1
/
0
1
2
0
2
0
.
[
4
6
]
X
.
L
u
,
H
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
J
.
X
i
a
o
,
a
n
d
S
.
W
a
n
g
,
“
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
n
t
h
e
a
i
r
f
l
o
w
-
p
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
m
i
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
d
u
s
t
d
i
s
a
s
t
e
r
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
c
o
p
e
b
y
t
h
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
m
i
n
i
n
g
t
r
u
c
k
i
n
t
h
e
o
p
e
n
-
p
i
t
m
i
n
e
,
”
P
r
o
c
e
s
s
S
a
f
e
t
y
a
n
d
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
4
,
p
p
.
1
4
4
2
–
1
4
5
8
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
p
s
e
p
.
2
0
2
4
.
0
2
.
0
7
3
.
[
4
7
]
X
.
S
h
i
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
E
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
r
i
s
k
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
a
f
f
e
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
a
f
e
t
y
o
f
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
e
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
D
E
M
A
T
E
L
-
I
S
M
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
,
”
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
C
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
A
r
c
h
i
t
e
c
t
u
r
a
l
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
8
/
E
C
A
M
-
02
-
2
0
2
3
-
0
1
0
3
.
[
4
8
]
Z
.
F
a
,
X
.
L
i
,
Q
.
L
i
u
,
Z
.
Q
i
u
,
a
n
d
Z
.
Z
h
a
i
,
“
C
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
c
a
u
s
a
l
i
t
y
:
A
p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
i
v
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
h
i
e
r
a
r
c
h
i
c
a
l
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
w
i
t
h
i
n
h
u
m
a
n
a
n
d
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
i
n
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
e
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
P
u
b
l
i
c
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
9
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
i
j
e
r
p
h
1
8
0
9
5
0
2
0
.
[
4
9
]
A
.
S
e
n
a
p
a
t
i
,
A
.
B
h
a
t
t
a
c
h
e
r
j
e
e
,
a
n
d
S
.
C
h
a
t
t
e
r
j
e
e
,
“
C
a
u
s
a
l
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
o
f
s
o
m
e
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
i
m
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
v
a
r
i
a
t
e
s
t
o
o
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
i
n
j
u
r
i
e
s
a
t
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
m
i
n
e
r
w
o
r
k
s
i
t
e
s
i
n
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
o
u
n
d
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
e
s
,
”
S
a
f
e
t
y
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
6
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
s
s
c
i
.
2
0
2
1
.
1
0
5
5
6
2
.
[
5
0
]
L
.
Y
a
n
g
,
X
.
W
a
n
g
,
J
.
Z
h
u
,
L
.
S
u
n
,
a
n
d
Z
.
Q
i
n
,
“
C
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
d
e
e
p
c
o
a
l
m
i
n
e
r
s
’
u
n
s
a
f
e
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
H
F
A
C
S
-
CM
-
S
E
M
-
S
D
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
P
u
b
l
i
c
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
1
9
,
n
o
.
1
7
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
i
j
e
r
p
h
1
9
1
7
1
0
7
6
2
.
[
5
1
]
M
.
S
e
p
t
i
a
w
a
n
,
I
.
Y
a
n
t
i
,
a
n
d
S
.
H
a
r
t
o
n
o
,
“
C
o
a
l
s
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
’
s
s
t
e
e
p
r
o
u
t
e
t
o
r
e
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
S
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
(
S
T
P
P
)
T
h
e
o
r
y
,
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
a
n
d
P
o
l
i
c
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
0
–
4
3
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
0
6
3
1
/
s
d
g
s
.
v
1
i
1
.
9
0
5
.
[
5
2
]
J
.
D
u
a
r
t
e
,
A
.
T
.
M
a
r
q
u
e
s
,
a
n
d
J
.
S
a
n
t
o
s
B
a
p
t
i
s
t
a
,
“
O
c
c
u
p
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
c
c
i
d
e
n
t
s
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
h
e
a
v
y
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
r
y
:
A
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
”
S
a
f
e
t
y
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
s
a
f
e
t
y
7
0
1
0
0
2
1
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Adena
n
is a P
h
.
D.
stu
d
e
n
t
in
p
u
b
li
c
h
e
a
lt
h
sc
ien
c
e
a
t
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
P
u
b
li
c
He
a
lt
h
,
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
e
sia
.
As
a
p
ra
c
ti
ti
o
n
e
r
a
n
d
c
o
n
su
l
tan
t
o
n
o
c
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
sa
fe
ty
a
n
d
h
e
a
lt
h
i
n
th
e
m
in
in
g
a
n
d
tran
s
p
o
rtati
o
n
i
n
d
u
stries
,
I
a
m
in
tere
ste
d
in
d
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
o
c
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
sa
fe
ty
a
n
d
h
e
a
lt
h
re
se
a
rc
h
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
in
o
t
h
e
r
se
c
to
rs
re
late
d
to
o
c
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
sa
fe
ty
a
n
d
h
e
a
lt
h
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
wo
r
k
a
c
c
id
e
n
t
p
re
v
e
n
ti
o
n
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
a
d
e
n
a
n
fk
m
u
i@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Zu
lk
ifl
i
Dju
n
a
i
d
i
is
a
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
P
u
b
li
c
He
a
lt
h
a
t
th
e
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
I
a
m
in
tere
ste
d
in
re
se
a
rc
h
in
e
rg
o
n
o
m
ics
,
a
c
c
id
e
n
ts,
o
c
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
sa
fe
ty
,
a
n
d
h
e
a
lt
h
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
z
u
l
k
ifl
id
j5
9
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.