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s:
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s in
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ey
w
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d
s
:
C
ap
ac
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b
u
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in
g
C
OVI
D
-
19
E
m
er
g
in
g
d
is
ea
s
es
Pu
b
lic
h
ea
lth
Villag
e
h
ea
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teer
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s
a
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p
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a
c
c
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a
rticle
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CC B
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C
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A
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:
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So
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g
s
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Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
Hea
lth
Scien
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s
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Facu
lty
o
f
Pu
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Hea
lth
,
U
b
o
n
R
atch
ath
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i Rajab
h
at
Un
i
v
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s
ity
Ub
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atch
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3
4
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T
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E
m
ail:
n
o
p
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s
@
u
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.
ac
.
th
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
W
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ld
Hea
lth
Or
g
an
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n
d
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lar
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C
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n
av
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s
Dis
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2
0
1
9
(
C
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1
9
)
a
g
lo
b
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l
p
an
d
em
ic
o
n
Ma
r
ch
1
1
,
2
0
2
0
[
1
]
–
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
o
f
T
h
ailan
d
is
s
u
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a
n
o
tifi
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
R
o
y
al
Gaz
ette,
ef
f
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tiv
e
o
n
Ma
r
ch
1
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
esig
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atin
g
C
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D
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1
9
as
a
d
an
g
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o
u
s
c
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m
m
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d
is
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s
e
No
.
1
4
u
n
d
er
th
e
C
o
m
m
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n
ica
b
le
Di
s
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s
es
Act
B
.
E
.
2
5
5
8
f
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s
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v
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,
p
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f
h
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s
in
f
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is
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es
[
4
]
–
[
7
]
.
Acc
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g
to
th
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lo
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p
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as
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b
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0
,
2
0
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e
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2
6
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5
0
5
,
4
7
8
c
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m
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lativ
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c
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f
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ca
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d
5
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2
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cu
m
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lativ
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d
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s
.
I
n
T
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,
2
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1
1
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8
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2
cu
m
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lativ
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co
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f
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m
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d
ca
s
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an
d
2
0
,
7
7
1
c
u
m
u
lativ
e
d
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s
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e
r
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ted
[
8
]
.
I
n
U
b
o
n
R
atch
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an
i,
as
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f
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v
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b
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3
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,
2
0
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1
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th
er
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2
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,
3
9
1
c
u
m
u
lativ
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ca
s
es
an
d
1
7
4
cu
m
u
lativ
e
d
ea
t
h
s
[
9
]
.
Nam
Kh
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Dis
tr
ict,
Ub
o
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R
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ath
an
i,
was
a
h
ig
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.
T
h
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C
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1
9
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cc
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d
No
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2
0
2
1
.
A
n
ew
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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Hea
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Sci
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N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
C
a
p
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city
s
tr
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f v
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a
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d
p
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C
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:
… (
P
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a
to
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n
N
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w
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n
)
11
ep
id
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ic
o
f
C
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1
9
a
p
p
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in
Nam
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Dis
tr
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As
o
f
No
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3
0
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2
0
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1
,
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er
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4
9
2
ac
cu
m
u
lated
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s
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n
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o
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e
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ath
[
9
]
.
D
u
r
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g
t
h
e
C
O
V
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D
-
1
9
p
a
n
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m
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c
,
v
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s
(
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p
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C
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.
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a
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p
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k
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4
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a
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e
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h
(
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A
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)
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n
am
e
l
y
S
t
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p
1
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l
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g
,
s
t
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p
2
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ct
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o
n
,
s
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p
3
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b
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v
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p
4
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.
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d
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d
.
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p
2
a
c
t
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o
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m
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n
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w
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l
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p
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d
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t
h
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V
H
Vs
’
c
a
p
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ci
t
y
i
n
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
,
a
t
ti
t
u
d
e
,
a
n
d
b
e
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a
v
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o
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n
p
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t
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g
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
.
T
h
e
d
ev
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
g
u
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s
w
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f
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n
e
d
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n
c
o
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a
b
o
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a
t
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o
n
w
i
t
h
n
e
tw
o
r
k
p
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
a
n
d
t
a
r
g
e
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
A
c
t
iv
i
t
i
es
w
e
r
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
e
d
a
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
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e
a
c
ti
o
n
p
l
a
n
,
s
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c
h
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e
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n
g
k
n
o
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l
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n
d
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tt
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t
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C
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V
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D
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1
9
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n
d
c
a
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n
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it
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e
V
HV
s
.
-
S
t
e
p
3
o
b
s
e
r
v
at
i
o
n
:
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h
e
p
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g
r
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s
s
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c
ti
v
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d
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p
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d
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t
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t
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n
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a
n
.
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h
e
k
n
o
w
l
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d
g
e
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a
t
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t
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d
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D
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1
9
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f
t
h
e
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Vs
w
h
o
p
a
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t
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ci
p
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t
e
d
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n
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e
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a
r
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w
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s
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s
e
d
.
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h
e
o
p
er
a
t
i
o
n
w
a
s
a
ls
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e
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a
l
u
a
t
e
d
.
-
S
t
e
p
4
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
:
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h
e
o
p
e
r
a
ti
o
n
,
t
h
e
d
e
v
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l
o
p
m
e
n
t
,
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h
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p
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b
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a
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l
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n
d
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s
l
e
a
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n
e
d
w
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s
u
m
m
a
r
iz
e
d
.
T
h
e
o
b
t
a
i
n
ed
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n
f
o
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m
a
t
i
o
n
w
a
s
p
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m
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n
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t
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.
c.
P
h
a
s
e
3
e
v
al
u
a
t
i
o
n
:
t
h
e
m
o
d
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l
'
s
e
f
f
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ti
v
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h
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n
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n
p
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ti
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C
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D
-
1
9
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n
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
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n
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n
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m
K
h
u
n
D
is
t
r
i
ct
w
as
e
v
al
u
a
t
e
d
.
2
.
5
.
D
a
t
a
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
T
h
e
d
a
t
a
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
i
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
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y
a
r
e
:
i
)
q
u
a
l
i
t
a
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i
v
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a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
it
e
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d
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b
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d
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r
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c
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f
f
o
c
u
s
g
r
o
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p
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
s
,
i
n
t
e
r
v
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ew
s
,
o
b
s
e
r
v
at
i
o
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a
n
d
p
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T
h
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c
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ct
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d
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q
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w
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t
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w
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d
.
T
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k
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d
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C
OV
I
D
-
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t
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
C
a
p
a
city
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
o
f v
ill
a
g
e
h
e
a
lth
vo
lu
n
teers
d
u
r
in
g
a
n
d
p
o
s
t
-
C
OV
I
D
-
1
9
:
… (
P
u
n
n
a
to
r
n
N
a
w
a
n
)
13
V
H
Vs
w
e
r
e
a
n
al
y
z
e
d
b
y
d
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
v
e
s
t
a
ti
s
ti
cs
:
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
,
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
,
m
e
a
n
,
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
ti
o
n
,
m
a
x
,
a
n
d
m
i
n
.
T
h
e
l
e
v
e
l
s
o
f
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
,
at
t
it
u
d
e
,
a
n
d
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
i
n
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
n
g
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
i
es o
f
t
h
e
V
H
Vs
w
e
r
e
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
b
y
d
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
v
e
s
ta
t
is
ti
c
s
:
m
e
a
n
a
n
d
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
tio
n
.
T
h
e
m
e
a
n
s
c
o
r
e
s
o
f
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
,
a
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
,
a
n
d
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
i
n
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
n
g
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
V
H
V
s
b
e
f
o
r
e
a
n
d
a
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
w
e
r
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
b
y
i
n
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l
s
t
at
i
s
t
i
cs
:
p
a
i
r
e
d
s
a
m
p
l
es
t
-
t
e
s
t
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Resul
t
s
o
f
t
he
m
o
del dev
elo
pm
ent
a
nd
ev
a
lua
t
i
o
n
B
ased
o
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
co
n
tex
ts
,
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
an
d
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
VHVs
in
th
e
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
ies
in
Nam
Kh
u
n
Dis
tr
ict.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
is
s
u
es
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
an
d
m
u
s
t
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
:
i
)
t
h
e
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
was
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
an
in
ef
f
ic
ien
t
n
etwo
r
k
;
ii
)
t
h
e
VHVs
la
ck
ed
s
k
ills
in
u
s
in
g
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
/a
p
p
licatio
n
s
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
;
iii
)
t
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
was
in
ef
f
icien
t
;
iv
)
t
h
e
VHVs
lac
k
ed
u
p
-
to
-
d
ate
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ab
o
u
t
C
OVI
D
-
19
;
v
)
t
h
e
VHVs
d
id
n
o
t
h
av
e
h
ea
lth
liter
ac
y
;
vi
)
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
p
a
r
tn
er
s
lack
ed
u
n
ity
an
d
team
wo
r
k
;
v
ii
)
t
h
e
VHVs
wer
e
u
n
awa
r
e
o
f
f
ast,
co
r
r
ec
t
,
up
-
to
-
d
ate
n
ews
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ee
tin
g
r
eso
lu
tio
n
,
t
h
e
is
s
u
es
th
at
n
ee
d
ed
to
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
i
n
th
e
m
o
d
el
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
l
an
to
e
n
h
an
ce
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
VHVs
to
p
r
e
v
en
t
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
in
Nam
Kh
u
n
Dis
tr
ict.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
4
s
tep
s
.
Step
1
:
p
lan
n
in
g
:
T
h
e
is
s
u
es
th
at
n
ee
d
ed
to
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
g
ain
ed
f
r
o
m
s
tu
d
y
i
n
g
c
o
n
tex
ts
,
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
an
d
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
VHVs
wer
e
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
t
o
th
e
m
ee
tin
g
f
o
r
p
lan
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
g
u
id
elin
es
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
m
o
d
el
wer
e
estab
lis
h
ed
.
Step
2
:
a
ctio
n
:
T
h
e
ac
tiv
ities
d
ef
in
ed
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
g
u
id
elin
es
in
th
e
p
lan
n
in
g
s
t
ep
wer
e
o
r
g
an
ized
,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ab
o
u
t
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
h
ea
lth
liter
ac
y
,
s
k
ills
in
u
s
in
g
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
/ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
f
o
r
m
in
g
a
g
r
o
u
p
f
o
r
n
ews
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
a
team
to
wo
r
k
to
g
eth
er
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
,
in
f
o
r
m
in
g
ab
o
u
t
th
e
wo
r
k
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
p
ar
tn
er
s
an
d
m
an
ag
i
n
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
g
et
h
er
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
n
etwo
r
k
.
Step
3
:
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
:
T
h
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
was
ch
ec
k
e
d
b
y
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
th
e
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
ac
tiv
ities
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
,
attitu
d
e,
an
d
b
e
h
av
io
r
in
p
r
ev
e
n
tin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
o
f
th
e
VHVs
wer
e
ass
ess
ed
.
Step
4
:
R
ef
lectio
n
:
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
r
esu
lts
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
g
u
id
elin
es
an
d
t
h
e
less
o
n
s
lear
n
ed
wer
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
,
an
d
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
was p
r
esen
ted
to
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
en
h
a
n
cin
g
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
VHVs
in
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
in
Nam
Kh
u
n
Dis
tr
ict,
Ub
o
n
R
atch
ath
an
i,
it
was
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
o
f
5
5
VHVs,
th
ey
wer
e
p
r
ed
o
m
in
a
n
tly
f
em
ale
(
6
1
.
8
0
%)
an
d
B
u
d
d
h
is
ts
(
9
0
.
9
0
%).
T
h
e
m
ar
ital
s
tatu
s
was
m
ar
r
ied
(
8
1
.
8
0
%).
T
h
ey
m
o
s
tly
co
m
p
leted
a
n
elem
en
tar
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
le
v
el
(
3
8
.
2
0
%)
with
th
e
m
ain
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
o
f
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e/liv
esto
ck
(
7
4
.
5
0
%).
Mo
s
t
r
ec
eiv
ed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
f
r
o
m
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lth
o
f
f
icials
(
9
2
.
7
0
%)
an
d
tr
ain
in
g
/k
n
o
wl
ed
g
e
ab
o
u
t
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
(
7
8
.
2
0
%).
T
h
ey
also
p
ass
ed
th
e
t
r
ain
in
g
f
o
r
VHVs
(
s
p
ec
ialized
VHVs)
(
3
6
.
4
0
%).
W
h
en
class
if
ied
b
y
ag
e
,
th
e
l
o
west
ag
e
was
3
0
,
th
e
h
ig
h
est
g
en
er
atio
n
was
7
4
,
an
d
th
e
av
e
r
ag
e
ag
e
was
5
1
.
7
1
.
T
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
es
p
o
n
s
ib
le
h
o
u
s
eh
o
l
d
s
was
9
.
9
3
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
.
Als
o
,
th
e
av
er
ag
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
wo
r
k
a
s
VHVs w
a
s
1
4
.
6
2
y
ea
r
s
.
B
ef
o
r
e
th
e
m
o
d
el
was
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
,
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ab
o
u
t
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
o
f
th
e
VHVs
was
m
ain
ly
m
o
d
er
ate
(
4
3
.
6
4
%).
Ho
wev
er
,
af
ter
th
e
m
o
d
el
was
cr
ea
ted
,
th
e
VHVs’
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
b
o
u
t
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
was
ex
ce
p
tio
n
ally
h
ig
h
(
6
2
.
2
7
%)
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
o
f
th
e
VHVs’
k
n
o
wled
g
es
ab
o
u
t COVI
D
-
1
9
,
it wa
s
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
b
o
u
t COVI
D
-
1
9
b
ef
o
r
e
en
h
an
ci
n
g
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
VHVs
in
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
was
at
a
m
o
d
er
ate
lev
el
(
=1
0
.
6
0
,
S
.
D
.
=2
.
0
8
)
.
B
u
t
af
ter
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
was
en
h
an
ce
d
,
th
eir
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ab
o
u
t
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
was
at
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
(
=1
2
.
2
4
,
S
.
D
.
=1
.
7
4
)
,
wh
ich
was
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
h
ig
h
e
r
th
an
th
at
o
f
b
e
f
o
r
e
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
(
p
<0
.
0
0
1
)
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
a
b
le
2
.
W
h
en
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
m
ea
n
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
s
i
n
th
e
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
am
o
n
g
th
e
VHVs,
it
was
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
m
o
d
el
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
,
t
h
e
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
o
f
th
e
VHVs
wa
s
m
ain
ly
m
o
d
er
ate
(
5
0
.
9
0
%).
Ho
wev
er
,
af
ter
th
e
m
o
d
el
wa
s
d
ev
elo
p
ed
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
VH
Vs
h
ad
th
e
co
r
r
ec
t
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
at
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
(
7
0
.
9
1
%)
as
p
r
es
en
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
,
wh
ic
h
was
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
h
ig
h
er
th
an
th
at
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
m
o
d
el
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t (
p
<0
.
0
0
1
)
as p
r
esen
t
ed
in
T
ab
le
2
.
B
ef
o
r
e
th
e
m
o
d
el
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
,
t
h
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
in
p
r
e
v
en
ti
n
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
t
h
e
VHVs
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
was
m
o
d
er
ate
p
r
im
ar
ily
(
4
3
.
6
4
%).
Ho
wev
er
,
af
te
r
th
e
m
o
d
e
l
was
cr
ea
ted
,
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
o
f
th
e
VHVs
in
th
e
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
was
m
ain
ly
at
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
(
7
0
.
0
1
%)
as
p
r
e
s
en
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
W
h
en
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
o
f
th
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
in
p
r
e
v
en
tin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
o
f
th
e
VHVs,
af
ter
th
e
m
o
d
el
was
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
,
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
o
f
th
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
in
p
r
e
v
en
tin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
was
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
th
at
o
f
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
m
o
d
el
was d
ev
elo
p
ed
(
p
<0
.
0
0
1
)
as p
r
esen
ted
i
n
T
ab
le
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
5
:
1
0
-
1
8
14
T
ab
le
1
.
Nu
m
b
er
an
d
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
th
e
VHVs c
lass
if
ied
b
y
th
e
lev
el
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
attitu
d
e,
an
d
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
b
eh
av
io
r
f
o
r
C
OVI
D
-
19
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
th
e
m
o
d
el
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t (
n
=
5
5
)
F
a
c
t
o
r
s
B
e
f
o
r
e
A
f
t
e
r
N
u
mb
e
r
%
N
u
mb
e
r
%
Le
v
e
l
o
f
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
H
i
g
h
20
3
6
.
3
6
37
6
2
.
2
7
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
24
4
3
.
6
4
18
3
2
.
2
3
Lo
w
11
2
0
.
0
0
0
0
.
0
0
M
e
a
n
=
1
0
.
6
0
,
M
i
n
=
7
,
M
a
x
=
1
4
M
e
a
n
=
1
2
.
2
4
,
M
i
n
=
9
,
M
a
x
=
1
5
Le
v
e
l
o
f
a
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
H
i
g
h
21
3
8
.
2
0
39
7
0
.
9
1
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
28
5
0
.
9
0
16
2
9
.
0
9
Lo
w
6
1
0
.
9
0
0
0
.
0
0
M
e
a
n
=
2
2
.
2
2
,
M
i
n
=
1
7
,
M
a
x
=
2
9
M
e
a
n
=
2
5
.
0
9
,
M
i
n
=
1
9
,
M
a
x
=
3
0
Le
v
e
l
o
f
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
H
i
g
h
23
4
1
.
8
1
39
7
0
.
0
1
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
24
4
3
.
6
4
16
2
9
.
0
9
Lo
w
8
1
4
.
5
5
0
0
M
e
a
n
=
4
5
.
1
1
,
M
i
n
=
34
,
M
a
x
=
58
M
e
a
n
=
5
0
.
8
2
,
M
i
n
=
40
,
M
a
x
=
60
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es o
f
th
e
VHVs’
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
attitu
d
e,
an
d
p
r
e
v
en
ti
o
n
b
eh
av
io
r
f
o
r
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
a
f
ter
th
e
m
o
d
el
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
F
a
c
t
o
r
s
n
S
.
D
.
t
df
9
5
%
C
l
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
K
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
B
e
f
o
r
e
55
1
0
.
6
0
2
.
0
8
1
9
.
5
9
54
1
.
4
7
-
1
.
8
0
<
0
.
0
0
1
A
f
t
e
r
55
1
2
.
2
4
1
.
7
4
A
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
B
e
f
o
r
e
55
2
2
.
2
2
3
.
4
9
1
4
.
4
0
54
2
.
4
7
-
3
.
2
7
<
0
.
0
0
1
A
f
t
e
r
55
2
5
.
0
9
3
.
1
0
P
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
B
e
f
o
r
e
55
4
5
.
1
1
7
.
6
4
1
8
.
0
4
54
5
.
0
7
-
6
.
3
4
<
0
.
0
0
1
A
f
t
e
r
55
5
0
.
8
2
6
.
3
8
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
VHVs
in
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
ities
in
Nam
Kh
u
n
D
is
tr
ict
was
a
n
ew
m
o
d
el.
W
e
ca
lled
it
th
e
“
NAM
KHUN
M
o
d
el
.
”
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
elem
e
n
ts
:
n
etwo
r
k
,
ap
p
licatio
n
,
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t,
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
h
ea
lth
liter
ac
y
,
u
n
ity
,
an
d
n
ews
as
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
2.
A
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
en
h
an
ci
n
g
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
VHVs to
p
r
ev
en
t COVI
D
-
19
in
Nam
Kh
u
n
Dis
tr
ict,
Ub
o
n
R
atch
ath
an
i
-
N=
n
etwo
r
k
:
i
t
is
a
n
etwo
r
k
s
y
s
tem
,
a
co
o
r
d
i
n
ated
h
ea
lth
n
etwo
r
k
in
Nam
Kh
u
n
Dis
tr
ict,
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
VHVs,
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lth
o
f
f
icials
,
co
m
m
u
n
ity
lead
er
s
,
p
e
o
p
le,
lo
ca
l
ag
en
cies,
T
am
b
o
n
Hea
lth
Pro
m
o
tin
g
Ho
s
p
ital,
Nam
Kh
u
n
Ho
s
p
ital,
lo
ca
l a
d
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
s
,
an
d
m
u
n
icip
ality
.
-
A=
a
p
p
licatio
n
:
i
t
is
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
u
s
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
No
wa
d
ay
s
,
ap
p
licatio
n
s
p
lay
an
ess
en
tial
r
o
le
in
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
VHVs,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
VH
V
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
ap
p
licatio
n
,
wh
ich
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
o
p
er
atio
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
h
el
p
f
u
l
k
n
o
wled
g
e
f
o
r
VHVs.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
C
a
p
a
city
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
o
f v
ill
a
g
e
h
e
a
lth
vo
lu
n
teers
d
u
r
in
g
a
n
d
p
o
s
t
-
C
OV
I
D
-
1
9
:
… (
P
u
n
n
a
to
r
n
N
a
w
a
n
)
15
-
M=
m
an
ag
em
en
t:
i
t
r
ef
e
r
s
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
u
n
d
er
th
e
h
ea
lth
n
etwo
r
k
p
a
r
tn
er
s
y
s
tem
at
th
e
d
is
tr
ict
lev
el
in
m
an
ag
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
b
u
d
g
ets,
p
er
s
o
n
n
el,
m
ater
ials
/
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
to
ac
h
iev
e
m
ax
im
u
m
ef
f
icien
cy
in
p
r
ev
e
n
tin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
-
K=
k
n
o
wled
g
e:
i
t
is
u
p
-
to
-
d
at
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e.
VHVs
g
ain
n
e
w
ac
ad
em
ic
k
n
o
wled
g
e
r
e
g
u
l
ar
ly
f
r
o
m
m
an
y
ch
an
n
els,
s
u
ch
as
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lth
o
f
f
icials,
lo
ca
l
m
ed
ia,
o
n
lin
e
m
ed
ia,
r
ad
io
,
an
d
telev
is
io
n
,
s
o
th
ey
h
av
e
an
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
u
p
-
to
-
d
ate
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
r
e
v
en
tio
n
.
-
H=
h
ea
lth
L
iter
ac
y
:
i
t
is
an
e
n
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
o
f
h
ea
lth
liter
ac
y
in
p
r
ev
e
n
tin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
:
i
)
ac
ce
s
s
to
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
ii
)
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
,
iii
)
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
iv
)
s
elf
-
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
s
k
ills
,
v
)
m
ed
ia
liter
ac
y
,
an
d
vi
)
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
s
k
ills
.
-
U=
u
n
ity
:
VHVs,
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lth
o
f
f
icials,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
lead
er
s
co
o
r
d
in
ate
an
d
wo
r
k
as
a
team
an
d
a
co
m
m
ittee.
T
am
b
o
n
Hea
lth
P
r
o
m
o
tin
g
Ho
s
p
itals
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
h
o
s
p
itals
h
av
e
u
n
ity
in
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
L
o
ca
l a
d
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
s
also
co
o
p
er
ate
i
n
jo
in
t o
p
er
atio
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
etwo
r
k
.
-
N=
n
ews:
i
t
r
ef
er
s
to
f
ast,
ac
cu
r
ate,
u
p
-
to
-
d
ate
n
ews.
VHVs,
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lth
o
f
f
icials,
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
p
ar
t
n
er
s
h
av
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ch
an
n
e
ls
s
u
ch
as
L
in
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
an
d
telep
h
o
n
e
f
o
r
p
r
o
m
p
t
an
d
u
p
-
to
-
d
ate
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
3
.
2
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n o
f
t
he
re
s
ults
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
f
o
r
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
VHVs
in
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
in
Nam
Kh
u
n
Dis
tr
ict,
Ub
o
n
R
atch
ath
an
i.
Actio
n
r
esear
ch
was
ap
p
lied
u
s
in
g
th
e
PAOR
p
r
o
ce
s
s
as
a
r
esear
ch
g
u
id
elin
e.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
o
p
e
r
atio
n
in
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
ca
n
b
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
as
:
a.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
th
e
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
e
n
h
an
ci
n
g
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
VHVs
in
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
Nam
Kh
u
n
Dis
tr
ict,
Ub
o
n
R
at
ch
ath
an
i.
T
h
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ab
o
u
t COVI
D
-
1
9
: A
f
ter
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el,
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
o
f
th
e
VHVs
'
k
n
o
wled
g
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
cr
e
ased
(
p
<0
.
0
0
1
)
.
Af
ter
th
e
m
o
d
el
was
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
,
th
e
VHVs'
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ab
o
u
t
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
was
h
ig
h
.
T
h
e
m
e
an
k
n
o
wled
g
e
s
co
r
e
was
ch
an
g
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
k
n
o
wled
g
e
tr
ain
in
g
was
o
r
g
an
ized
.
T
h
e
tr
ain
in
g
co
n
ten
t
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ab
o
u
t
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
th
e
r
ig
h
t
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
i
n
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
a
n
d
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
u
p
-
to
-
d
ate
n
ews
ab
o
u
t
th
e
d
is
ea
s
e,
an
d
s
h
ar
in
g
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
an
d
p
u
b
licizin
g
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
to
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
As
a
r
e
s
u
lt,
th
e
VHVs
h
ad
m
o
r
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
.
T
h
is
is
in
lin
e
with
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
Nu
m
s
ar
ap
ad
n
u
k
[
2
3
]
,
wh
o
co
n
d
u
cted
ac
tio
n
r
esear
ch
o
n
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
VHV
h
o
m
e
d
o
cto
r
s
in
p
r
e
v
en
tin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
Na
k
h
o
n
Nay
o
k
Pro
v
i
n
ce
.
T
h
e
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e,
attitu
d
e,
a
n
d
b
e
h
av
io
r
i
n
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
wer
e
a
s
s
es
s
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
I
t
was
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
af
ter
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
VHV
h
o
m
e
d
o
cto
r
s
,
th
eir
m
ea
n
k
n
o
wled
g
e
s
co
r
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
1
3
.
7
0
to
1
8
.
4
0
p
o
in
ts
d
u
e
to
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
to
ed
u
ca
te
ab
o
u
t
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
f
o
r
VHVs.
I
t
is
also
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
Siri
[
2
4
]
,
e
n
titl
ed
"T
h
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
e
n
h
an
cin
g
h
ap
p
in
ess
at
w
o
r
k
in
p
r
e
v
en
tio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
o
f
VHVs
in
Nan
Pro
v
in
ce
".
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
d
th
at
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
m
o
d
el
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
,
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
VHVs
wa
s
at
a
m
o
d
er
ate
le
v
el
(
6
2
.
3
6
%).
T
h
e
ir
k
n
o
wled
g
e
was
m
ai
n
ly
h
ig
h
af
ter
th
e
m
o
d
el
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
(
8
4
.
6
2
%).
T
h
is
was
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
ca
p
ac
ity
b
u
ild
in
g
.
T
h
e
VHVs
k
n
ew
th
e
p
r
e
v
en
tio
n
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
s
o
th
e
ir
m
ea
n
k
n
o
wled
g
e
s
co
r
e
was h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
b
ef
o
r
e
t
h
e
m
o
d
el'
s
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
:
Af
ter
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
el,
t
h
e
VHVs’
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
o
n
th
e
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
was
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
h
ig
h
e
r
(
p
<0
.
0
0
1
)
.
A
f
ter
th
e
m
o
d
el
w
as
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
,
t
h
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
t
h
e
VHVs
was
at
a
h
ig
h
lev
el.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
attitu
d
e
s
co
r
e
ch
a
n
g
ed
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
t
r
ain
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
to
ed
u
ca
te
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
d
is
ea
s
e
an
d
th
e
co
r
r
ec
t
attitu
d
e
t
o
war
d
s
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
.
T
h
is
ca
u
s
ed
t
h
e
VHVs
to
h
a
v
e
th
e
r
ig
h
t
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
.
T
h
is
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
Nu
m
s
ar
ap
ad
n
u
k
[
2
3
]
,
wh
o
co
n
d
u
cted
ac
tio
n
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
VHV
h
o
m
e
d
o
cto
r
s
in
th
e
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
Nak
h
o
n
Nay
o
k
Pro
v
in
ce
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
th
at
af
ter
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
VHV
h
o
m
e
d
o
ct
o
r
s
,
th
eir
m
ea
n
attitu
d
e
s
co
r
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
1
6
.
4
0
t
o
2
5
.
2
0
p
o
i
n
ts
.
T
h
e
tr
ain
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
wer
e
o
r
g
an
ized
t
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
a
co
r
r
ec
t
attit
u
d
e
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
d
is
ea
s
e.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
m
ea
n
attitu
d
e
s
co
r
e
o
f
th
e
VHV
h
o
m
e
d
o
cto
r
s
was h
ig
h
er
th
an
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
p
o
ten
tial d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
in
p
r
ev
e
n
tin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
o
f
th
e
VHVs:
T
h
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
o
f
th
e
VHVs’
b
eh
av
io
r
in
t
h
e
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
was
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
h
ig
h
er
(
p
<
0
.
0
0
1
)
.
Af
ter
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
,
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
o
f
th
e
VHVs’
b
eh
av
io
r
in
th
e
p
r
e
v
en
tio
n
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
was
at
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
(
7
0
.
0
1
%).
T
h
is
alig
n
s
with
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
Nu
m
s
ar
ap
a
d
n
u
k
[
2
3
]
,
c
o
n
d
u
ctin
g
ac
tio
n
r
esear
ch
o
n
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
VHV
h
o
m
e
d
o
cto
r
s
in
p
r
e
v
en
tin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
Na
k
h
o
n
Nay
o
k
Pro
v
in
ce
.
I
t
was
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
af
ter
c
r
ea
tin
g
th
e
p
o
te
n
tial
o
f
th
e
VHV
h
o
m
e
d
o
cto
r
s
,
th
eir
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
o
f
b
eh
av
io
r
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
2
0
.
1
0
to
3
0
.
4
0
p
o
in
ts
.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
e
VHV
h
o
m
e
d
o
cto
r
s
wer
e
r
eg
u
lar
l
y
tr
ain
ed
b
y
m
ed
ical
a
n
d
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lth
p
er
s
o
n
n
el,
t
h
ey
h
ad
b
etter
b
e
h
av
io
r
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
o
f
C
O
VI
D
-
19.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
5
:
1
0
-
1
8
16
b.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
en
h
a
n
cin
g
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
VHVs
in
p
r
e
v
en
ti
n
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
i
n
Nam
K
h
u
n
Dis
tr
ict,
Ub
o
n
R
atch
ath
an
i.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
en
h
a
n
cin
g
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
VHVs
in
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
th
e
s
p
r
ea
d
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ities
in
Nam
Kh
u
n
D
is
tr
ict
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
3
ac
tiv
ities
:
Activ
ity
1
:
Ass
ess
in
g
/an
aly
zin
g
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
VHVs;
Activ
ity
2
:
E
n
h
an
c
in
g
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
VHVs
in
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ities
in
Nam
Kh
u
n
Dis
tr
ict,
Ub
o
n
R
atch
ath
an
i,
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
f
o
u
r
ac
tiv
ities
:
i
)
en
h
a
n
cin
g
t
h
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ab
o
u
t
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
;
ii
)
en
h
an
cin
g
h
ea
lth
liter
ac
y
,
ac
ce
s
s
to
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
,
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
,
s
elf
-
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
k
ills
,
m
ed
ia
liter
ac
y
,
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
s
k
il
ls
;
iii
)
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
/a
p
p
licatio
n
s
k
ills
an
d
iv
)
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
s
k
ills
an
d
p
r
ac
tices;
Activ
ity
3
:
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
lain
ed
t
h
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
VHVs’
ca
p
ac
ity
b
u
ild
in
g
in
p
r
ev
e
n
tin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
,
to
g
eth
e
r
with
th
e
in
ter
v
ie
ws
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
am
o
n
g
t
h
o
s
e
in
v
o
lv
e
d
in
th
e
s
u
r
v
eillan
ce
,
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
,
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
n
a
m
ely
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lth
p
er
s
o
n
n
el
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
p
ar
tn
er
s
i
n
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
aim
s
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
VHVs
in
p
r
e
v
en
tin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
to
m
ak
e
th
e
s
u
r
v
ei
llan
ce
,
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
,
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e.
Af
ter
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
VHVs
was
en
h
an
ce
d
,
th
eir
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ab
o
u
t
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
,
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
was
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
(
p
<0
.
0
0
1
)
.
T
h
is
alig
n
s
with
a
s
tu
d
y
o
n
th
e
co
m
p
eten
c
y
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
VHVs 4
.
0
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
e
co
m
p
eten
cy
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
VHVs
4
.
0
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
i
)
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
VHVs
4
.
0
’
s
co
m
p
eten
cies,
ex
p
ec
ted
to
h
av
e
g
o
o
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
u
s
in
g
d
i
g
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
b
e
a
b
le
to
ac
ce
s
s
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
ex
am
i
n
e,
an
aly
ze
,
an
d
s
elec
t
co
r
r
ec
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
;
ii
)
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
f
o
r
VHVs
4
.
0
,
c
o
n
tain
in
g
c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
o
b
jectiv
es,
b
eh
av
io
r
al
o
b
jectiv
es,
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
r
o
les
o
f
lear
n
e
r
s
,
s
co
p
e
o
f
c
o
n
ten
t,
teac
h
in
g
p
la
n
s
an
d
e
v
alu
atio
n
f
r
o
m
b
o
t
h
in
s
id
e
an
d
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
;
iii
)
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
VHVs 4
.
0
,
iv
)
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
an
d
v
)
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el,
th
e
s
am
p
les
p
a
r
ticip
ated
i
n
th
e
tr
ai
n
in
g
well.
T
h
eir
m
e
an
k
n
o
wled
g
e
s
co
r
e
was
9
.
2
,
with
a
p
-
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
0
0
3
an
d
a
s
tatis
tical
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
ce
0
.
0
5
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
th
e
VHVs
4
.
0
o
r
g
an
ize
d
tr
ain
in
g
to
ex
p
a
n
d
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
eten
cy
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
f
o
r
VHVs
4
.
0
in
o
th
er
ar
ea
s
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
f
r
o
m
tr
ain
in
g
was
ev
alu
ated
at
a
h
i
g
h
lev
el
i
n
all
asp
ec
ts
.
I
t
is
also
co
n
s
is
ten
t
with
a
s
tu
d
y
o
n
V
HVs
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
in
v
o
lv
e
m
en
t
in
th
e
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
a
n
d
s
u
r
v
eillan
ce
o
f
t
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
f
ec
tio
n
in
th
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
g
e
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
(
G
I
S)
[
2
7
]
–
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
VHVs
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
in
th
e
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
an
d
s
u
r
v
eillan
ce
o
f
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
f
ec
tio
n
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
e
n
h
an
ci
n
g
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
o
f
VHVs
an
d
th
e
d
is
ea
s
e
p
r
ev
e
n
tio
n
a
n
d
s
u
r
v
e
illan
ce
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
T
h
e
GI
S
u
s
ed
f
o
r
p
r
ev
e
n
tin
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
f
ec
tio
n
was
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
ca
lled
“E
p
iScan
C
o
v
id
1
9
.
”
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
th
e
"
C
o
v
iSain
ik
Pro
g
r
am
"
wa
s
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
in
cr
ea
tin
g
ca
d
r
es
o
f
tr
ain
ed
v
o
lu
n
teer
s
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
r
u
r
al
I
n
d
ia
[
3
0
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
t
ca
n
b
e
c
o
n
clu
d
e
d
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
en
h
a
n
cin
g
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
VHVs
in
p
r
e
v
en
tin
g
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
in
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ities
in
Nam
Kh
u
n
Dis
tr
ict,
Ub
o
n
R
atch
ath
an
i,
ca
n
s
tr
en
g
th
en
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
VHVs.
T
h
e
VHVs’
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
attitu
d
e,
an
d
b
eh
av
i
o
r
in
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
an
d
p
r
ev
e
n
tin
g
th
e
s
p
r
ea
d
o
f
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
h
av
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
I
t
is
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
cr
itical
s
u
cc
ess
f
ac
to
r
,
ca
lled
th
e
NAM
KHUN
Mo
d
el,
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
N=
n
etwo
r
k
(
wo
r
k
in
g
as
a
n
etwo
r
k
)
;
A=
ap
p
licatio
n
(
a
b
ilit
y
to
u
s
e
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
)
;
M=
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
(
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t)
;
K=
k
n
o
wled
g
e
(
u
p
-
to
-
d
ate
k
n
o
wled
g
e)
;
H=
h
ea
lth
liter
ac
y
(
h
av
i
n
g
h
ea
lth
liter
ac
y
)
;
U=
un
ity
(
h
av
in
g
u
n
ity
)
an
d
N=
ne
ws
(
f
ast,
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
u
p
-
to
-
d
ate
n
ews)
.
A
k
ey
s
u
cc
ess
f
ac
to
r
f
r
o
m
th
e
less
o
n
s
lear
n
ed
was
team
wo
r
k
,
co
m
p
l
em
en
ted
b
y
u
p
-
to
-
d
ate
k
n
o
wl
ed
g
e.
T
h
ese
ess
en
tial
th
in
g
s
will
b
u
ild
d
esira
b
le
s
k
ills
f
o
r
h
an
d
lin
g
em
er
g
i
n
g
d
is
ea
s
es th
at
m
ay
o
cc
u
r
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
W
e
wo
u
ld
lik
e
to
th
a
n
k
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
lead
er
s
wh
o
f
ac
ilit
ated
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
.
W
e
also
th
a
n
k
VHVs
,
an
d
th
e
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
in
all
co
m
m
u
n
ities
f
o
r
co
o
p
er
atin
g
in
co
m
p
letin
g
th
e
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
Facu
lty
o
f
Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
,
Ub
o
n
R
atch
ath
an
i Raj
ab
h
at
Un
iv
er
s
ity
(
UB
R
U)
,
T
h
ailan
d
,
p
ar
tially
f
u
n
d
e
d
th
is
ar
ticle.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
D
o
me
n
i
c
o
C
u
c
i
n
o
t
t
a
a
n
d
M
a
u
r
i
z
i
o
V
a
n
e
l
l
i
,
“
W
H
O
d
e
c
l
a
r
e
s
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
a
pa
n
d
e
m
i
c
,
”
Ac
t
a
Bi
o
m
e
d
i
c
a
,
v
o
l
.
9
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
5
7
–
1
6
0
,
2
0
2
0
.
[
2
]
J.
B
e
r
g
l
u
n
d
,
“
Tr
a
c
k
i
n
g
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
:
t
h
e
r
e
’
s
a
n
a
p
p
f
o
r
t
h
a
t
,
”
I
EEE
Pu
l
s
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
4
–
1
7
,
Ju
l
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
M
P
U
LS.2
0
2
0
.
3
0
0
8
3
5
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
C
a
p
a
city
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
o
f v
ill
a
g
e
h
e
a
lth
vo
lu
n
teers
d
u
r
in
g
a
n
d
p
o
s
t
-
C
OV
I
D
-
1
9
:
… (
P
u
n
n
a
to
r
n
N
a
w
a
n
)
17
[
3
]
R
.
O
h
a
n
n
e
ss
i
a
n
,
T.
A
.
D
u
o
n
g
,
a
n
d
A
.
O
d
o
n
e
,
“
G
l
o
b
a
l
t
e
l
e
m
e
d
i
c
i
n
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
i
n
h
e
a
l
t
h
sy
s
t
e
ms
t
o
f
i
g
h
t
t
h
e
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
p
a
n
d
e
m
i
c
:
a
c
a
l
l
t
o
a
c
t
i
o
n
,
”
J
MIR
Pu
b
l
i
c
H
e
a
l
t
h
a
n
d
S
u
rve
i
l
l
a
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
.
e
1
8
8
1
0
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
9
6
/
1
8
8
1
0
.
[
4
]
M
.
R
.
A
z
a
r
p
a
z
h
o
o
h
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
C
O
V
I
D
-
1
9
p
a
n
d
e
mi
c
a
n
d
b
u
r
d
e
n
o
f
n
o
n
-
c
o
m
mu
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[
1
3
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T.
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[
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4
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S
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m,
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.
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,
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[
1
5
]
W
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.
[
1
6
]
M
.
P
.
K
a
t
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t
a
l
.
,
“
C
o
mm
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.
[
1
7
]
K
.
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1
9
]
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.
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[
2
6
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.
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[
2
7
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[
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8
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.
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[
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9
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.