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]
.
Desp
ite
th
is
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
p
r
e
-
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
ass
es
s
m
en
t
s
u
r
v
ey
(
Pre
-
T
AS
)
in
2
0
1
6
s
h
o
we
d
th
at
th
er
e
wer
e
s
till
p
o
s
it
iv
e
f
ilar
iasi
s
ca
s
es
with
a
m
icr
o
f
ilar
ia
r
ate
o
f
o
v
e
r
1
%.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
W
HO
ex
ten
d
ed
m
ass
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t
with
DA
in
th
e
Pek
alo
n
g
a
n
C
ity
ar
ea
f
o
r
two
co
n
s
ec
u
tiv
e
y
ea
r
s
(
i
n
2
0
1
7
a
n
d
2
0
1
8
)
a
n
d
ac
h
ie
v
ed
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t
co
v
er
a
g
e
o
f
8
6
%
in
2
0
1
7
a
n
d
8
8
%
in
2
0
1
8
[
3
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
a
r
e
-
Pre
T
AS
s
u
r
v
ey
co
n
d
u
cted
i
n
1
1
Sp
o
t
C
h
ec
k
v
illag
es
u
s
in
g
FTS
s
til
l
f
o
u
n
d
a
m
icr
o
f
ilar
ia
r
ate
o
f
o
v
e
r
1
%
[
3
]
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lt
s
en
co
u
r
ag
e
t
h
e
W
HO
to
ex
ten
d
th
e
L
F
m
ed
icatio
n
in
to
t
r
ip
le
-
d
r
u
g
th
er
a
p
y
,
in
clu
d
in
g
i
v
er
m
ec
tin
,
d
ieth
y
lc
ar
b
am
az
in
e
citr
ate,
a
n
d
alb
e
n
d
az
o
le
(
I
DA)
.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
MD
A
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
ca
n
b
e
im
p
ac
ted
b
y
is
s
u
es
with
d
r
u
g
ac
ce
p
tab
ilit
y
.
Facto
r
s
s
u
ch
as
th
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t's
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
,
in
tr
u
s
iv
en
ess
,
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
,
s
id
e
ef
f
ec
ts
,
an
d
alig
n
m
en
t w
it
h
an
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al'
s
v
alu
es o
r
b
elief
s
ar
e
all
b
eliev
ed
to
co
n
tr
i
b
u
te
t
o
th
eir
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
its
ac
ce
p
tab
ilit
y
[
8
]
–
[
1
0
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
t
h
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
M
DA
in
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
ar
ea
h
as
b
ee
n
lin
k
ed
t
o
MD
A
co
v
er
ag
e
an
d
c
o
m
p
lian
ce
,
as
well
as
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t
an
d
d
is
ea
s
e
[
1
1
]
.
A
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
y
s
p
ec
if
ically
n
o
te
d
th
at
willin
g
n
ess
to
co
n
s
u
m
e
I
DA
m
ed
ica
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
r
o
u
n
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
I
DA
d
r
u
g
-
ta
k
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
in
Pek
alo
n
g
an
C
ity
(
PR
=5
,
3
2
;
1
,
5
2
0
-
1
8
,
6
5
6
)
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
lo
ca
l
h
ea
lth
wo
r
k
er
s
'
as
s
is
tan
ce
(
PR
=2
.
6
9
0
;
1
.
6
8
1
-
4
.
3
0
6
)
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ab
o
u
t
th
e
d
is
ea
s
e
an
d
tr
ea
tm
en
t
(
PR
=1
.
0
3
0
;
0
.
9
4
3
-
1
.
1
2
5
)
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
co
r
r
elate
d
with
th
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
tak
in
g
th
e
f
i
r
s
t
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
I
DA
m
ed
icatio
n
[
1
2
]
.
I
t
is
also
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
c
o
n
s
id
er
o
th
er
f
ac
t
o
r
s
th
at
m
ay
co
n
tr
i
b
u
te
t
o
f
ila
r
iasi
s
ca
s
es,
b
ey
o
n
d
s
im
p
ly
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
I
DA.
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
a
n
d
b
e
h
av
io
r
al
f
ac
to
r
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
ec
o
lo
g
ical
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
m
ain
m
o
s
q
u
ito
s
p
ec
ies
an
d
lo
ca
l
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
h
av
e
b
ee
n
f
o
u
n
d
to
in
f
l
u
en
ce
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
[
1
3
]
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
h
as
id
e
n
tifie
d
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
a
n
n
u
a
l
p
r
e
c
i
p
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
w
e
t
t
e
s
t
q
u
a
r
t
e
r
,
a
n
d
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
l
y
c
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
L
F
m
o
r
b
i
d
i
t
y
p
r
e
v
a
l
e
n
c
e
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
2
0
2
1
,
th
e
city
o
f
Pek
alo
n
g
an
im
p
lem
en
ted
ad
m
i
n
is
ter
in
g
tr
ip
le
-
d
r
u
g
th
er
ap
y
I
DA
to
th
e
m
ass
es.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
tr
ea
tm
en
t
c
o
v
er
ag
e
s
u
r
v
ey
r
e
p
o
r
ted
less
th
an
6
5
%
co
v
e
r
ag
e
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
r
ep
o
r
t
war
n
s
o
f
th
e
u
r
g
en
c
y
o
f
ev
alu
atio
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
tr
i
p
le
th
er
ap
y
to
p
o
s
s
ib
ly
b
e
im
p
lem
en
te
d
f
o
r
th
e
b
etter
r
esu
lt
o
f
s
ec
o
n
d
-
r
o
u
n
d
m
e
d
icatio
n
.
T
h
u
s
,
it'
s
cr
u
cial
to
d
ev
el
o
p
a
lo
ca
l
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
a
n
d
b
eh
av
io
r
al
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
d
r
iv
e
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
wh
ich
m
ay
d
if
f
er
b
y
g
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
.
T
h
is
will
en
ab
l
e
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
co
r
r
elatio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
u
r
b
an
v
illag
es
an
d
id
en
tif
y
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
s
ite.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
,
wh
ich
co
m
p
a
r
ed
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
e
twee
n
d
eter
m
in
a
n
t
v
ar
iab
les
wh
ile
d
escr
ib
in
g
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
b
o
th
th
e
d
is
ea
s
e
an
d
m
ed
icatio
n
u
s
in
g
s
p
atial
-
b
ased
d
ata.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
aim
ed
to
p
in
p
o
in
t
p
o
ten
tial
f
ac
to
r
s
lin
k
ed
to
MD
A
f
ailu
r
e
b
y
ex
am
in
i
n
g
co
m
p
lian
ce
w
ith
I
DA
tr
ip
le
-
d
r
u
g
th
er
ap
y
,
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
,
an
d
m
ed
icatio
n
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
a
cr
o
s
s
u
r
b
a
n
v
illag
es.
W
e
also
aim
ed
t
o
u
n
co
v
er
p
atter
n
s
in
o
n
e
en
d
em
ic
v
illag
e
an
d
n
i
n
e
h
ig
h
-
en
d
e
m
ic
r
ec
o
r
d
v
illag
es.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Study
des
ig
n a
nd
s
it
e
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
a
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
ti
o
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
b
ased
s
u
r
v
e
y
co
n
d
u
cted
in
1
0
u
r
b
a
n
v
il
lag
es
wit
h
cr
iter
ia
o
f
h
av
in
g
a
h
is
to
r
y
o
f
h
ig
h
en
d
e
m
ic
ar
ea
s
:
n
in
e
v
ill
ag
es
an
d
o
n
e
s
en
tin
el
v
illag
e
with
a
m
icr
o
f
ilar
ia
r
ate
o
f
>1
%
[
1
6
]
b
etwe
en
No
v
em
b
er
a
n
d
Dec
em
b
e
r
2
0
2
2
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
a
f
te
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
I
DA
m
ed
icatio
n
was
im
p
lem
en
ted
.
All
th
e
s
elec
ted
s
tu
d
y
lo
ca
tio
n
s
wer
e
in
Pek
alo
n
g
a
n
C
ity
,
C
en
tr
al
J
av
a,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
,
wh
ich
r
ec
eiv
ed
an
ex
ten
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
tr
ip
le
th
er
ap
y
o
f
f
ilar
iasi
s
m
as
s
tr
ea
tm
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
(
iv
e
r
m
ec
tin
,
d
ieth
y
lcar
b
am
az
i
n
e
citr
ate,
alb
en
d
az
o
le
)
.
T
h
ese
u
r
b
an
v
illa
g
es
in
clu
d
e
B
an
d
en
g
a
n
Villag
e
an
d
Pad
u
k
u
h
a
n
Kr
ato
n
Villag
e
(
No
r
th
Pek
al
o
n
g
an
Dis
tr
ict)
,
Pas
ir
k
r
ato
n
k
r
am
at
Villag
e,
T
ir
to
Villag
e,
Prin
g
r
ejo
Villag
e
(
W
est
Pek
alo
n
g
an
Dis
tr
ict)
,
B
an
y
u
r
ip
Villag
e,
B
u
ar
an
Kr
ad
en
an
,
J
en
g
g
o
t,
Ku
r
ip
a
n
Yo
s
o
r
ejo
,
Ku
r
ip
an
Ker
to
h
ar
jo
(
So
u
th
Pek
alo
n
g
an
Dis
tr
ict)
[
1
6
]
.
2
.
2
.
P
o
pu
la
t
io
n a
nd
s
a
m
ple size
det
er
m
ina
t
io
n
T
h
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
is
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
r
esid
en
ts
,
ag
ed
b
etwe
en
1
8
an
d
6
5
,
wh
o
a
r
e
r
eg
is
ter
ed
in
1
0
v
illag
es
k
n
o
wn
f
o
r
a
h
is
to
r
y
o
f
h
ig
h
en
d
e
m
ic
f
ilar
iasi
s
r
ates
in
Pek
alo
n
g
an
C
ity
an
d
liv
e
n
ea
r
r
esid
en
ts
wh
o
h
av
e
a
h
is
to
r
y
o
f
p
o
s
itiv
e
ca
s
es
o
f
f
ilar
iasi
s
.
T
h
ese
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
icts
co
m
p
r
is
e
n
in
e
v
illa
g
es
th
at
h
av
e
a
h
ig
h
en
d
em
ic
h
is
to
r
y
an
d
o
n
e
s
en
tin
el
v
illag
e
wh
er
e
I
DA
an
tifilar
iae
d
r
u
g
s
ar
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
f
8
7
1
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
ti
o
n
al
to
Size
m
eth
o
d
,
wh
ich
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
s
elec
t
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
S
p
a
tia
l d
escr
ip
tio
n
a
n
d
d
etermin
a
n
ts
o
f iv
ermectin
,
d
ieth
ylca
r
b
a
ma
z
in
e
…
(
I
krima
h
N
a
fi
la
ta
)
39
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
s
am
p
le
o
f
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
ize
o
f
ea
ch
v
illag
e.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
4
0
clu
s
ter
s
wer
e
s
elec
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
im
p
le
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
.
T
h
e
clu
s
ter
i
n
q
u
esti
o
n
is
th
e
war
d
lev
el
o
f
t
h
e
to
tal
ten
u
r
b
a
n
v
illag
es.
T
o
s
elec
t
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
,
we
v
is
ited
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
s
i
n
ea
c
h
war
d
clu
s
ter
u
s
in
g
s
im
p
le
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
,
with
a
m
in
im
u
m
o
f
2
1
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
p
er
war
d
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
o
f
s
elec
tin
g
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
o
u
r
s
am
p
le
is
r
ep
r
esen
tati
v
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
i
n
ter
est
an
d
o
u
r
r
esear
c
h
r
esu
lts
ar
e
r
eliab
le
an
d
v
ali
d
.
2
.
3
.
Va
ri
a
ble
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
v
esti
g
ated
t
h
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
s
ev
er
al
d
ete
r
m
in
an
ts
o
f
m
ed
icatio
n
ad
h
e
r
en
ce
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
f
ilar
iasi
s
tr
ip
le
th
er
ap
y
,
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
tal,
b
eh
av
io
r
al
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
,
a
n
d
b
asic
k
n
o
wled
g
e.
Dem
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
ag
e,
g
en
d
er
,
a
n
d
ad
d
r
ess
o
f
t
h
e
p
a
r
ticip
an
t
wer
e
ass
ess
ed
.
W
e
id
en
tifie
d
d
eter
m
i
n
an
ts
o
f
f
i
r
s
t
-
r
o
u
n
d
I
DA,
s
u
ch
as
tak
in
g
t
h
e
m
ed
icatio
n
,
b
o
r
e
d
o
m
f
r
o
m
tak
in
g
m
ed
icatio
n
,
ad
v
er
s
e
ef
f
ec
ts
,
an
d
g
ettin
g
ass
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
h
ea
lth
wo
r
k
e
r
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
m
ed
icatio
n
.
B
a
s
ic
k
n
o
wled
g
e
was
co
llected
b
y
ask
in
g
wh
eth
e
r
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
k
n
ew
th
e
f
ilar
iasi
s
an
d
I
DA.
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
d
e
ter
m
in
an
ts
in
clu
d
e
o
p
en
s
ewe
r
s
,
s
lu
m
n
eig
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
s
,
an
d
o
cc
u
p
a
n
cy
d
e
n
s
ity
co
llected
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
.
T
h
e
b
e
h
av
io
r
o
f
h
an
g
in
g
clo
th
es a
n
d
willin
g
n
e
s
s
to
tak
e
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
I
DA
wer
e
also
co
llected
.
2
.
4
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n
A
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
e
f
o
r
m
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
B
ah
asa,
it
was
ask
ed
in
to
th
e
J
av
an
ese
d
ialec
t
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
u
b
d
iv
is
io
n
f
o
r
in
t
er
v
iewin
g
u
r
b
an
v
illag
e
r
esid
en
ts
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
v
alid
ated
in
th
e
s
am
e
s
u
b
d
iv
is
io
n
ar
ea
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
.
I
n
ter
v
iewe
r
s
h
elp
ed
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
to
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
m
ea
n
in
g
s
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
g
u
i
d
elin
es
f
o
r
i
n
ter
v
iewe
r
s
.
I
n
te
r
v
iews
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
6
tr
ain
ed
in
ter
v
iewe
r
s
.
Ma
p
p
in
g
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
to
s
ee
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
e
o
p
l
e
wh
o
tak
in
g
tr
ip
le
th
er
ap
y
(
I
DA
m
ed
icatio
n
s
)
,
b
o
r
ed
o
m
s
tate
f
r
o
m
ta
k
in
g
I
DA,
an
d
ad
v
er
s
e
ef
f
ec
ts
,
as
well
as
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
an
d
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al
d
eter
m
i
n
an
ts
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
1
0
u
r
b
an
v
illag
es.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
s
elec
ted
in
th
e
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
an
d
b
ein
g
in
ter
v
iewe
d
ar
e
th
en
m
ap
p
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
ese
v
ar
iab
les
u
s
in
g
th
e
g
lo
b
al
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
(
GPS
)
,
to
g
et
th
e
h
o
u
s
eh
o
l
d
co
o
r
d
in
ates.
2
.
5
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
Pap
er
-
b
ased
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
d
ata
is
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
in
to
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t E
x
ce
l a
n
d
th
en
en
ter
ed
in
t
o
th
e
SP
P
S 2
0
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
to
an
al
y
ze
v
ar
iab
l
es
u
n
iv
ar
iately
,
n
a
m
ely
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
d
ata
f
o
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
ad
h
er
en
ce
to
tak
in
g
I
DA
an
ti
-
f
ilar
ial
d
r
u
g
s
wer
e
m
a
p
p
ed
u
s
in
g
q
u
an
t
u
m
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ical
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
(
QGI
S)
v
er
s
io
n
3
.
2
8
.
3
.
T
o
an
al
y
ze
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
o
f
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
r
elate
d
to
ad
h
e
r
en
ce
to
tak
in
g
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
I
DA
d
r
u
g
s
an
d
th
e
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
v
ar
iab
les,
Pear
s
o
n
co
r
r
elatio
n
an
aly
s
is
was u
s
ed
with
th
e
u
n
it o
f
an
aly
s
is
b
ein
g
m
ap
p
e
d
v
il
lag
e.
2
.
6
.
E
t
hica
l c
lea
ra
nce
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
r
ec
eiv
ed
eth
ical
ap
p
r
o
v
al
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
E
th
ics
C
o
m
m
ittee
Facu
lty
o
f
Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
,
Un
iv
er
s
itas
I
n
d
o
n
esia
(
No
.
Ket
-
4
1
/UN2
.
F1
0
.
D
1
1
/PP
M.
0
0
.
0
2
/2
0
2
3
)
.
W
r
itten
in
f
o
r
m
ed
c
o
n
s
en
t
was
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
all
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
in
ter
v
iewe
d
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
No
p
er
s
o
n
al
i
d
en
tifie
r
s
wer
e
c
o
llected
,
an
d
th
e
d
ata
wer
e
r
estricte
d
to
s
tu
d
y
p
er
s
o
n
n
el.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
i
n
c
lu
d
ed
8
7
1
in
d
iv
id
u
als
f
r
o
m
1
0
s
elec
ted
u
r
b
an
v
illag
es
in
P
ek
alo
n
g
a
n
,
C
en
tr
al
J
av
a,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
h
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
wer
e
f
em
ales
(
7
1
.
9
%)
an
d
less
th
an
o
r
eq
u
al
to
4
3
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
(
5
2
.
5
%).
J
en
g
g
o
t
v
illag
e
h
ad
th
e
lar
g
est
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
s
am
p
le
(
1
7
.
7
%).
T
h
e
tr
en
d
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
f
ilar
iasi
s
d
eter
m
in
an
ts
was
th
a
t
th
e
r
is
k
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
ea
ch
v
ar
iab
le
d
id
n
o
t
ex
ce
ed
4
0
%,
wit
h
th
e
lo
west
b
ein
g
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wh
o
h
u
n
g
clo
t
h
es
n
o
m
o
r
e
th
an
1
0
%
o
f
th
e
tim
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
wh
o
d
id
n
o
t
tak
e
I
DA
m
ed
icatio
n
in
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
r
o
u
n
d
(
1
.
6
%)
was
lo
wer
t
h
an
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
o
u
n
d
(
3
.
2
5
%).
Du
r
in
g
m
e
d
icatio
n
,
1
3
.
9
%
an
d
2
0
.
3
%
o
f
p
ar
tic
ip
an
ts
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
b
o
r
e
d
o
m
an
d
s
id
e
ef
f
ec
ts
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
On
ly
4
.
5
%
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
claim
ed
to
h
av
e
n
o
t
r
ec
eiv
ed
an
y
ass
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
lo
ca
l
h
ea
lth
wo
r
k
e
r
s
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
b
asic
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
f
ilar
iasi
s
an
d
m
ed
icatio
n
,
3
4
.
1
%
an
d
7
.
3
%
o
f
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
s
till
d
id
n
o
t
h
av
e
a
c
o
m
p
let
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
a
m
ap
o
f
t
h
e
s
p
atial
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
in
Pek
alo
n
g
a
n
C
ity
.
T
h
e
m
ap
p
r
o
v
id
ed
d
is
p
lay
s
a
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
o
f
co
lo
r
s
an
d
p
o
in
ts
f
o
r
ea
ch
v
illag
e.
B
lu
e
h
u
es
in
d
icate
h
ig
h
er
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
s
o
f
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
o
p
e
n
s
ewe
r
s
,
o
cc
u
p
a
n
cy
d
en
s
ity
,
an
d
s
lu
m
n
eig
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
u
r
b
an
v
illag
es
with
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
e
v
alen
t
o
p
en
s
ewe
r
s
o
r
p
u
d
d
les
n
ea
r
r
esid
en
ts
'
h
o
m
es
ar
e
B
an
d
en
g
an
,
Pad
u
k
u
h
a
n
Kr
ato
n
,
an
d
Pas
ir
Kr
ato
n
Kr
am
at
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
th
at
Pas
ir
Kr
ato
n
Kr
am
at,
B
an
d
en
g
an
,
an
d
Pad
u
k
u
h
a
n
Kr
ato
n
h
av
e
th
e
h
ig
h
est
r
esid
en
tial
d
en
s
ities
.
Pas
ir
Kr
ato
n
Kr
am
at,
Pad
u
k
u
h
an
Kr
ato
n
,
a
n
d
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I
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2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
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1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
5
:
37
-
47
40
B
an
d
en
g
an
h
av
e
t
h
e
h
ig
h
est
p
r
o
p
o
r
ti
o
n
o
f
s
lu
m
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
wh
ile
B
u
ar
an
Kr
ad
en
a
n
Vil
lag
e
h
as
th
e
lo
west
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
c)
.
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ticip
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n
Fig
u
r
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2
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to
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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u
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1
.
Sp
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b
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Fig
u
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2
.
Descr
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s
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t
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s
lu
m
n
eig
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
also
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
o
cc
u
p
an
c
y
d
e
n
s
ity
an
d
b
e
h
av
i
o
r
,
s
u
ch
as h
a
n
g
in
g
clo
th
es,
to
ass
es
s
in
d
iv
id
u
al
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
h
ig
h
est
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
o
p
en
s
ewe
r
s
an
d
d
ir
t
y
p
u
d
d
les
was
f
o
u
n
d
in
B
an
d
en
g
an
an
d
Pas
ir
k
r
ato
n
k
r
am
at
v
illag
es,
wh
ich
ar
e
am
o
n
g
th
e
n
in
e
v
illag
es
with
a
h
ig
h
en
d
e
m
ic
h
is
to
r
y
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
m
ass
tr
ea
tm
en
t
r
eg
im
en
t
I
DA.
T
h
ese
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
b
r
ee
d
i
n
g
g
r
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
C
u
lex
q
u
in
q
u
efa
s
cia
tu
s
m
o
s
q
u
ito
es.
A
p
r
ev
io
u
s
f
ield
s
u
r
v
ey
r
e
p
o
r
ted
th
at
th
is
s
p
ec
ies
was
th
e
f
ilar
iasi
s
v
ec
to
r
in
Pek
alo
n
g
an
C
ity
[
1
8
]
,
wh
ich
t
h
r
iv
es
in
d
ir
ty
wate
r
an
d
lay
s
its
eg
g
s
in
v
ar
io
u
s
lo
ca
tio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
co
n
tain
er
s
,
g
u
tter
s
,
tire
s
,
p
o
n
d
s
,
p
u
d
d
les,
a
n
d
cr
ee
k
s
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
is
s
p
ec
ies
o
f
m
o
s
q
u
ito
ten
d
s
t
o
th
r
iv
e
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
wet
s
ea
s
o
n
an
d
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
h
o
m
e
a
n
d
y
ar
d
[
2
0
]
.
As
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
an
ev
al
u
atio
n
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
ass
ess
th
e
s
tate
o
f
ea
ch
u
r
b
an
v
il
lag
e
with
r
eg
ar
d
t
o
s
lu
m
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
th
at
Pas
ir
k
r
at
o
n
k
r
am
at
an
d
B
an
d
en
g
a
n
v
ill
ag
es
h
ad
th
e
lar
g
est
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
s
lu
m
n
eig
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
s
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
o
t
h
er
v
illag
es.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
,
s
lu
m
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
ar
e
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
to
f
ilar
iasi
s
in
m
o
s
t
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
(
7
6
.
8
%)
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
v
ec
to
r
s
,
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
C
.
q
u
in
q
u
efa
s
cia
tu
s
,
b
r
ee
d
an
d
th
r
iv
e
ex
ce
s
s
iv
ely
in
co
n
g
ested
ar
e
as
with
in
ad
eq
u
at
e
s
an
itatio
n
,
s
ewa
g
e,
a
n
d
d
r
ain
a
g
e
s
y
s
tem
s
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
a
d
en
s
ely
p
o
p
u
lated
s
lu
m
ar
ea
with
o
p
en
d
r
ain
s
,
in
wh
ich
C
.
q
u
in
q
u
efa
s
cia
tu
s
b
r
e
ed
s
p
r
o
lific
ally
,
ca
n
lead
to
a
h
ig
h
er
in
ci
d
en
ce
o
f
th
e
d
is
ea
s
e.
At
th
e
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
lev
el,
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
eo
p
le
p
er
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
r
o
o
m
,
ca
lled
o
cc
u
p
a
n
cy
d
e
n
s
ity
,
h
as
b
ee
n
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
as
a
r
is
k
o
f
L
F
in
f
ec
tio
n
as
it
f
av
o
r
s
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
m
a
y
in
f
l
u
x
n
e
w
in
f
ec
tio
n
s
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
Pas
ir
k
r
ato
n
k
r
a
m
at
v
illag
e
h
as
th
e
h
ig
h
est
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
r
esid
en
tial
d
en
s
ity
,
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
n
in
e
o
t
h
er
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
icts
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
c)
.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
r
esid
en
tial d
en
s
ity
ca
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
d
en
s
ity
o
f
in
d
o
o
r
C
u
lex
m
o
s
q
u
ito
es,
as
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
in
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
e
n
to
m
o
lo
g
ical
s
tu
d
ies
[
2
3
]
.
I
t
i
s
th
er
ef
o
r
e
h
y
p
o
th
esized
th
at
cr
o
wd
in
g
m
ay
lead
to
a
g
r
ea
ter
d
e
n
s
ity
o
f
in
d
o
o
r
C
u
lex
m
o
s
q
u
ito
es,
wh
ich
ca
n
in
c
r
ea
s
e
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
am
o
n
g
h
o
u
s
eh
o
ld
m
em
b
e
r
s
(
OR
1
.
5
9
;
1
.
3
1
–
1
.
9
2
)
[
9
]
.
Pas
ir
k
r
ato
n
k
r
am
at
an
d
Ku
r
ip
a
n
Ker
to
h
ar
jo
s
tan
d
o
u
t
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
clo
th
e
s
-
h
an
g
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
,
wh
ich
ca
n
p
o
s
e
a
r
is
k
f
o
r
f
ilar
iasi
s
co
n
tr
ac
tio
n
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
m
o
s
q
u
ito
es
to
r
est
o
n
clo
th
in
g
[
2
4
]
.
Mo
s
q
u
ito
es a
r
e
attr
ac
ted
to
s
wea
t o
r
p
er
f
u
m
e
o
n
h
an
g
i
n
g
clo
th
es,
an
d
alth
o
u
g
h
b
ed
n
ets,
f
lo
o
r
s
,
an
d
f
u
r
n
itu
r
e
r
em
ain
p
o
p
u
lar
r
esti
n
g
p
lace
s
,
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
o
s
q
u
ito
es
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
o
n
h
an
g
i
n
g
clo
th
es.
T
o
p
r
e
v
en
t
in
d
o
o
r
m
o
s
q
u
ito
r
esti
n
g
,
it
is
cr
u
cial
t
o
im
p
lem
e
n
t
a
b
eh
a
v
io
r
ch
an
g
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
th
at
ed
u
ca
tes p
eo
p
le
ab
o
u
t th
e
d
an
g
e
r
s
o
f
h
a
n
g
in
g
clo
th
es a
s
a
p
o
ten
tial m
o
s
q
u
it
o
r
esti
n
g
p
lace
.
3
.
2
.
F
a
ct
o
rs o
f
m
edica
t
i
o
n a
dh
er
ence
A
r
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
I
DA
o
n
m
ed
icatio
n
-
tak
in
g
b
e
h
av
io
r
r
ev
ea
le
d
th
at
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
o
u
n
d
s
,
Ku
r
ip
an
Yo
s
o
r
ej
o
h
ad
t
h
e
h
ig
h
est p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
n
o
n
-
m
e
d
icatio
n
tak
er
s
am
o
n
g
th
e
ten
v
illag
es st
u
d
ied
.
T
h
is
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
n
o
tewo
r
th
y
as
Ku
r
ip
an
Yo
s
o
r
ejo
is
n
o
t
a
s
en
t
in
el
ar
ea
,
b
u
t
r
ath
er
p
ar
t
o
f
a
v
illag
e
with
a
h
i
g
h
en
d
em
ic
h
is
to
r
y
.
W
h
ile
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
I
DA
am
o
n
g
r
esid
en
ts
in
th
e
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict
h
a
s
b
ee
n
lo
w
o
v
er
all,
s
tate
b
o
r
ed
o
m
m
a
y
b
e
a
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tin
g
f
ac
t
o
r
,
as
m
ass
d
r
u
g
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
s
in
ce
2
0
1
1
an
d
th
e
r
eg
im
e
n
was
ex
ten
d
ed
f
o
r
two
co
n
s
ec
u
tiv
e
y
ea
r
s
(
2
0
2
1
-
2
0
2
2
)
[
2
5
]
.
I
n
ter
esti
n
g
ly
,
Ku
r
i
p
an
Ker
t
o
h
a
r
jo
Villag
e
h
a
d
th
e
h
ig
h
est m
ed
icatio
n
-
s
tate
b
o
r
ed
o
m
r
ate,
wh
ile
Ku
r
ip
an
Yo
s
o
r
ejo
r
an
k
s
f
if
t
h
am
o
n
g
th
e
s
tu
d
i
ed
v
illag
es.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
n
o
te
d
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
s
im
ilar
ity
b
etwe
en
ad
h
er
en
ce
to
m
ed
icatio
n
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
in
itial
r
o
u
n
d
an
d
th
e
in
clin
atio
n
t
o
tak
e
p
ar
t
in
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
r
o
u
n
d
.
N
o
tab
ly
,
Ku
r
i
p
an
Yo
s
o
r
ejo
,
wh
ic
h
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
h
ig
h
est
r
ate
o
f
n
o
n
-
a
d
h
er
e
n
ce
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
o
u
n
d
,
also
ex
h
i
b
ited
th
e
g
r
ea
test
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
r
elu
ctan
ce
to
tak
e
m
ed
icatio
n
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
p
r
ev
io
u
s
n
o
n
-
a
d
h
er
en
ce
to
m
ed
ic
atio
n
ca
n
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
to
ab
s
tain
f
r
o
m
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
n
ex
t
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
m
e
d
icatio
n
.
I
n
s
u
f
f
icien
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
m
ed
icati
o
n
m
ay
co
n
t
r
ib
u
te
to
m
ak
in
g
in
ad
eq
u
ate
d
ec
is
io
n
s
[
2
6
]
,
as
Ku
r
ip
an
Yo
s
o
r
ej
o
id
en
tifie
d
th
at
m
o
s
t r
esid
en
ts
d
id
n
o
t
k
n
o
w
a
b
o
u
t
f
ilar
iasi
s
.
Pek
alo
n
g
an
is
an
u
r
b
an
a
r
ea
with
p
eo
p
le
wh
o
ten
d
n
o
t
to
tr
u
s
t
an
tifilar
ial
m
ed
icatio
n
s
,
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
id
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
s
o
m
e
r
esid
en
ts
wh
o
h
a
v
e
tak
en
an
tifilar
i
al
with
th
e
DA
r
e
g
im
en
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
ex
ten
s
io
n
o
f
MD
A
with
th
e
tr
ip
le
th
er
ap
y
u
s
in
g
I
DA
r
eg
im
e
n
ts
[
2
7
]
.
R
ep
o
r
ts
o
f
s
id
e
ef
f
ec
ts
f
r
o
m
p
r
ev
io
u
s
tr
ea
tm
e
n
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
5
:
37
-
47
44
en
co
u
r
a
g
e
r
esid
e
n
ts
n
o
t
to
wan
t
to
tak
e
d
r
u
g
s
with
t
h
e
I
DA
r
eg
im
en
[
2
8
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
m
ap
p
in
g
o
f
th
e
v
illag
e
ar
ea
th
at
h
as
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
s
id
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
f
r
o
m
an
ti
-
f
ilar
ial
d
r
u
g
s
,
n
am
el
y
Ku
r
ip
an
Yo
s
o
r
ej
o
Villag
e,
wh
ich
is
th
e
v
illag
e
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
n
o
t
tak
in
g
I
DA
d
r
u
g
s
in
Pek
alo
n
g
an
in
two
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
r
o
u
n
d
s
.
A
s
im
ilar
tr
en
d
was
f
o
u
n
d
in
I
n
d
ian
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
wh
er
e
3
7
.
5
%
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
als
r
ef
u
s
ed
t
o
co
n
s
u
m
e
d
r
u
g
s
d
u
e
t
o
f
ea
r
o
f
s
id
e
ef
f
ec
ts
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
o
s
e
wh
o
r
ec
eiv
ed
m
ed
icin
es
s
o
m
etim
es
f
elt
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
lik
e
n
au
s
ea
,
an
d
d
izzin
ess
,
o
v
e
r
th
e
n
ex
t
f
ew
h
o
u
r
s
.
Ob
s
er
v
i
n
g
s
id
e
ef
f
ec
ts
am
o
n
g
f
am
ily
m
em
b
er
s
an
d
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
s
,
f
ew
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
ev
en
r
ef
u
s
ed
t
o
r
ec
eiv
e
th
e
p
ills
.
W
h
ile
s
ev
er
al
o
b
s
tacle
s
to
M
DA
co
m
p
lian
ce
h
av
e
b
ee
n
id
e
n
tifie
d
,
o
u
r
r
esear
c
h
h
as
r
ev
ea
led
f
u
r
th
er
b
ar
r
ier
s
lin
k
ed
to
p
eo
p
le'
s
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
d
is
ea
s
e
an
d
th
e
MD
A.
Ou
r
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
g
r
ea
test
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
d
iv
i
d
u
a
ls
wh
o
ar
e
n
o
t
in
f
o
r
m
ed
ab
o
u
t
f
ilar
iasi
s
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
Ku
r
ip
an
Yo
s
o
r
ejo
,
wh
ich
co
in
cid
en
tally
h
as
th
e
lo
west
r
ate
o
f
m
ed
icatio
n
co
m
p
lian
ce
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
B
an
d
e
n
g
an
h
as
th
e
lo
west
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
m
ed
icatio
n
,
b
u
t
i
t's
ch
allen
g
in
g
to
g
au
g
e
th
e
ex
ten
t
o
f
th
eir
k
n
o
wled
g
e
s
in
ce
o
u
r
d
ata
co
llectio
n
w
a
s
r
e
s
t
r
i
c
t
e
d
t
o
a
s
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
i
n
g
w
h
e
t
h
e
r
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
s
w
e
r
e
a
w
a
r
e
o
f
f
i
l
a
r
i
a
s
i
s
a
n
d
i
t
s
t
r
e
a
t
m
e
n
t
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
d
e
l
v
i
n
g
d
e
e
p
e
r
.
3
.
3
.
Co
rr
el
a
t
io
n bet
wee
n e
nv
iro
nm
ent
a
l,
beha
v
io
r
a
l,
a
n
d a
dh
er
ence
t
o
t
a
k
ing
t
riple
t
hera
py
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
two
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
lin
k
ed
to
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
tak
i
n
g
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
I
DA
an
tifilar
ial
d
r
u
g
s
.
T
h
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
f
am
iliar
ity
with
I
DA
tr
ea
tm
en
t
(
p
=0
.
0
5
4
,
r
=
-
0
.
6
2
3
)
an
d
willin
g
n
ess
to
tak
e
th
e
m
ed
ic
atio
n
in
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
r
o
u
n
d
(
p
=
0
.
0
5
1
,
r
=
0
.
6
0
3
)
.
T
h
e
latter
f
a
cto
r
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t,
as
it
h
as
a
p
o
s
it
iv
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
with
d
r
u
g
ad
h
e
r
e
n
ce
b
eh
av
io
r
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
o
u
n
d
.
T
h
is
lin
k
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
lain
ed
b
y
th
e
th
e
o
r
y
o
f
p
lan
n
ed
b
eh
a
v
io
r
,
wh
ich
p
o
s
its
t
h
at
attitu
d
es,
s
o
cial
n
o
r
m
s
,
an
d
p
er
ce
iv
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
all
p
lay
a
r
o
le
in
d
eter
m
in
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
[
3
0
]
,
[
3
1
]
.
B
y
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
attitu
d
e
to
war
d
s
tak
in
g
I
DA
d
r
u
g
s
an
d
em
p
o
wer
i
n
g
in
d
iv
i
d
u
als
to
f
ee
l
in
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
eir
h
e
alth
d
ec
is
io
n
s
,
th
is
th
eo
r
y
ca
n
h
elp
en
co
u
r
ag
e
in
ter
est an
d
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t.
A
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
in
T
an
za
n
ia
h
as
s
h
o
wn
th
at
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
k
ey
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
en
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
th
e
MD
A
p
r
o
g
r
am
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
its
co
v
er
ag
e
is
h
av
in
g
p
r
io
r
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
[
3
2
]
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
in
d
iv
id
u
als
u
n
awa
r
e
o
f
th
e
M
DA
o
r
(
L
F)
elim
in
atio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
ten
d
to
b
e
n
o
n
-
co
m
p
lian
t
.
W
h
ile
k
n
o
wled
g
e
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
it
n
eg
ativ
ely
co
r
r
elate
d
with
m
ed
icatio
n
ad
h
er
en
ce
d
u
e
to
u
n
ev
e
n
s
o
cializa
tio
n
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t
o
f
f
ilar
iasi
s
.
Kn
o
wle
d
g
e
m
a
p
p
in
g
r
esu
lts
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
e
r
e
a
r
e
s
till
ar
ea
s
wh
er
e
th
e
r
e
is
n
o
k
n
o
wl
ed
g
e
at
all.
Acr
o
s
s
v
ar
i
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies,
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ass
o
ciate
d
wi
th
co
m
p
lian
ce
was
p
r
im
ar
ily
r
elate
d
to
th
r
ee
s
p
ec
if
ic
to
p
ics:
L
F
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
t
h
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
at
MD
A
p
r
o
t
ec
ts
ag
ain
s
t
L
F,
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
ly
m
p
h
ed
em
a
m
an
ag
em
en
t
tech
n
iq
u
es.
Misco
n
ce
p
tio
n
s
an
d
m
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t
ca
n
h
in
d
e
r
p
eo
p
le'
s
u
p
tak
e
o
f
MD
A
m
ed
icatio
n
s
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
i
n
o
g
u
n
b
eliev
ed
th
at
p
r
a
y
er
o
r
h
o
m
e
r
em
e
d
ies ar
e
b
etter
th
an
g
ettin
g
m
e
d
ical
tr
ea
tm
en
t
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
f
ea
r
o
f
n
eg
ativ
e
o
u
tco
m
e
s
af
ter
th
e
MD
A
h
as
led
to
m
an
y
in
d
iv
id
u
als
n
o
t
co
m
p
ly
in
g
with
th
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
attr
ib
u
ted
t
h
e
r
elu
ctan
ce
o
f
s
o
m
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
MD
A
to
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
s
id
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
I
DA
f
ilar
iasi
s
d
r
u
g
s
[
3
3
]
,
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
ad
v
er
s
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t
ar
e
h
ea
d
ac
h
e,
d
izzin
ess
,
ab
d
o
m
i
n
al
p
ai
n
,
f
ev
er
,
n
au
s
ea
,
an
d
f
atig
u
e
[
3
4
]
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
it
's
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
h
ea
lth
wo
r
k
er
s
to
ad
e
q
u
ately
ed
u
ca
te
co
m
m
u
n
ities
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
s
id
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
d
r
u
g
s
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
MD
A
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
Hea
lth
wo
r
k
er
s
also
h
av
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
in
s
o
cializin
g
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
ab
o
u
t
s
id
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
to
p
r
ev
en
t
b
o
r
ed
o
m
.
I
n
s
o
m
e
ca
s
es,
th
e
lack
o
f
c
o
r
r
ec
t
an
d
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
ab
o
u
t
n
e
g
ativ
e
o
u
tco
m
es
led
to
d
etr
im
en
tal
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
c
es
in
th
e
s
u
cc
es
s
o
f
th
e
MD
A.
Par
ticip
an
ts
h
av
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
t
h
at
th
ey
wer
e
n
'
t
ac
co
m
p
an
ied
b
y
h
ea
lth
wo
r
k
er
s
wh
en
tak
in
g
I
DA
f
ilar
iasi
s
d
r
u
g
s
,
wh
ich
m
a
d
e
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
f
o
r
p
eo
p
le
n
o
t
to
s
wallo
w
th
e
p
ills
.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
o
f
s
id
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
tak
in
g
f
ilar
iasi
s
d
r
u
g
s
with
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
I
DA
r
eg
im
e
n
,
s
u
ch
as
d
izzin
ess
an
d
n
au
s
ea
,
m
ad
e
p
eo
p
le
h
esit
an
t
to
r
etak
e
f
ilar
iasi
s
d
r
u
g
s
with
t
h
e
I
DA
r
eg
im
en
.
T
h
e
a
b
s
en
ce
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
MD
A
an
d
its
p
o
ten
tial
n
eg
ativ
e
ef
f
ec
ts
led
to
a
lo
s
s
o
f
tr
u
s
t
in
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
,
r
esu
l
tin
g
in
t
h
e
p
o
s
tp
o
n
em
e
n
t
o
f
M
DA
f
o
r
th
r
ee
y
ea
r
s
[
3
5
]
.
T
h
is
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
b
y
h
ea
lth
wo
r
k
er
s
an
d
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ad
v
an
ce
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
t
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
n
eg
ativ
e
o
u
tc
o
m
es.
R
esear
ch
h
as
e
s
tab
lis
h
ed
a
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
r
esen
c
e
o
f
s
ewe
r
s
(
p
=0
.
0
0
0
;
r
=0
.
9
7
4
)
an
d
h
ig
h
o
cc
u
p
an
c
y
d
en
s
ity
(
p
=0
.
0
3
3
;
r
=0
.
6
7
2
)
with
th
e
em
e
r
g
en
ce
o
f
s
lu
m
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Slu
m
s
ty
p
ically
ar
is
e
f
r
o
m
r
ap
id
p
o
p
u
latio
n
g
r
o
wth
an
d
u
r
b
an
p
o
v
er
ty
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
lim
ited
ac
ce
s
s
to
p
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er
s
an
itatio
n
[
3
6
]
.
Stu
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ies s
h
o
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th
at
en
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en
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-
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ased
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r
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[
3
7
]
,
[
3
8
]
.
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
Pek
al
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n
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h
e
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q
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Pek
alo
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.
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Pas
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Kr
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am
at,
Pad
u
k
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tag
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wh
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tial
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im
p
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ilar
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m
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it
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ar
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q
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en
q
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efa
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s
.
Ad
d
itio
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all
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ca
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tal
h
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e,
lik
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p
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r
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Ou
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elate
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ests
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at
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tr
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4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
g
ap
s
in
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
m
ed
icatio
n
ad
h
e
r
en
ce
f
o
r
I
DA
tr
ea
tm
en
t,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
f
ac
t
o
r
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
em
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
th
at
s
lu
m
s
ettlem
en
ts
in
1
0
v
illag
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lin
k
e
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to
th
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p
r
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ce
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f
o
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s
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d
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v
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c
r
o
wd
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g
,
wh
ile
m
ed
ic
atio
n
ad
h
e
r
en
ce
is
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
a
d
v
er
s
e
e
v
en
ts
,
d
r
u
g
b
o
r
ed
o
m
,
a
n
d
ass
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
h
ea
lth
wo
r
k
e
r
s
.
Ma
p
p
in
g
h
as
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
m
an
y
p
e
o
p
le
ar
e
s
till
n
o
t a
d
h
e
r
in
g
to
I
DA
d
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co
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s
u
m
p
tio
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in
p
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ir
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m
en
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.
W
e
h
av
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b
s
er
v
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h
at
s
o
m
e
p
ar
ticip
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ts
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s
f
o
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d
v
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e
f
f
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.
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o
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d
r
ess
th
is
,
we
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
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d
ev
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lo
p
m
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t
o
f
n
ew
d
r
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g
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with
f
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wer
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v
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e
ef
f
ec
ts
th
at
co
u
ld
im
p
r
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v
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th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
th
e
f
ilar
ias
is
el
im
in
atio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
MD
A.
I
t
is
al
s
o
e
s
s
en
tial
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
am
o
n
g
r
eg
i
o
n
al
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
f
ac
ilit
ies,
g
o
v
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n
m
en
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o
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ies,
an
d
o
th
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elev
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p
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ties
to
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h
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ce
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tiv
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h
ea
lth
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r
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p
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ess
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awa
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ess
o
f
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
tr
ea
tin
g
I
DA
f
ilar
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s
.
Hea
lth
o
f
f
icer
s
an
d
lo
ca
l
h
ea
lth
ca
d
r
es
with
k
n
o
wled
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o
f
th
e
lo
ca
l
en
v
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n
m
en
tal
co
n
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itio
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s
ca
n
p
lay
a
cr
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o
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in
th
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ef
f
o
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t.
I
n
f
u
tu
r
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r
esear
ch
,
in
teg
r
ati
n
g
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ca
tio
n
-
b
ased
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aly
s
is
co
u
ld
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
alu
a
b
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
g
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g
r
ap
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ical
f
ac
to
r
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
illn
ess
an
d
its
tr
ea
tm
en
t.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
W
e
ex
ten
d
o
u
r
s
in
ce
r
e
ap
p
r
e
ciatio
n
to
th
e
Pek
alo
n
g
an
C
ity
Hea
lth
Of
f
ice,
Du
k
u
h
Hea
lth
C
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ter
,
Kr
am
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ter
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ir
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lth
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ter
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ar
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lth
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ter
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ea
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lth
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C
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ter
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alu
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ce
in
f
ac
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atin
g
th
e
im
p
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e
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tatio
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r
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ar
e
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atef
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l
to
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h
e
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alth
ca
d
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es
in
1
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r
b
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illag
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o
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th
ei
r
tire
less
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f
o
r
ts
in
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llectin
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esear
ch
d
ata,
wh
ich
wer
e
ess
en
tial
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th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
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o
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r
s
tu
d
y
.
L
astl
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,
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wo
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ld
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ac
k
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esian
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o
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Fu
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RE
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[
1
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E.
V
.
S
.
K
w
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l
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,
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]
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.
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p
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.
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ma,
B
.
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o
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l
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MJ
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k
5
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[
3
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I
n
d
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si
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n
M
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s
t
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y
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e
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[
4
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W
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[
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e
]
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.