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[
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an
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[
8
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m
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e
(
iTu
n
es).
A
less
er
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
ap
p
s
is
a
v
ailab
le
f
o
r
o
th
er
p
latf
o
r
m
s
in
clu
d
in
g
B
lack
B
er
r
y
W
o
r
ld
an
d
th
e
W
in
d
o
ws
Ph
o
n
e
Sto
r
e
[
1
4
]
.
Dig
ital
d
e
v
ices
h
av
e
g
r
o
wn
in
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
in
m
an
y
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
n
ati
o
n
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
’
s
a
b
ilit
y
to
ad
d
r
ess
h
ea
lth
-
r
elate
d
p
r
o
b
lem
s
an
d
its
ab
ilit
y
to
o
f
f
er
af
f
o
r
d
ab
le
tec
h
n
ical
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
th
at
less
en
th
e
f
in
an
ci
al
b
u
r
d
e
n
o
f
a
p
atien
t
’
s
illn
ess
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
Ma
n
y
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
ts
i
n
th
ese
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
h
a
v
e
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
ed
t
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
m
Hea
lth
an
d
h
av
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
it
in
to
th
eir
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
eir
h
ea
lth
s
y
s
tem
o
b
jectiv
es
in
lin
e
with
th
e
SDG
s
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
d
ig
ital
h
ea
lth
s
ec
to
r
h
as
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t
g
r
o
wth
,
alo
n
g
with
in
cr
ea
s
ed
i
n
v
estme
n
t
in
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
Am
o
n
g
th
ese
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies,
m
Hea
lth
h
as
g
ar
n
er
ed
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
ter
est
f
r
o
m
p
atien
ts
,
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als,
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
,
an
d
s
ch
o
lar
s
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
m
Hea
lth
allo
ws
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
to
ac
ce
s
s
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
er
v
ices
with
o
u
t
b
e
in
g
lim
ited
b
y
tim
e
o
r
lo
ca
tio
n
,
th
er
e
b
y
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
av
ai
lab
ilit
y
an
d
q
u
ality
o
f
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
er
v
ices
[
1
9
]
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
h
ea
lth
s
er
v
ices,
s
u
ch
as
en
co
u
r
ag
in
g
m
ed
icatio
n
ad
h
er
en
ce
,
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
b
eh
av
io
r
s
lin
k
ed
to
c
er
tai
n
d
is
ea
s
es,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
i
ca
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
p
atien
ts
with
ch
r
o
n
ic
illn
ess
es,
h
elp
in
g
p
atie
n
ts
lo
s
e
weig
h
t,
h
elp
in
g
p
eo
p
le
q
u
it smo
k
in
g
,
a
n
d
m
an
y
m
o
r
e
also
am
o
n
g
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
f
e
r
ed
b
y
m
Hea
lth
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
E
ze
et
a
l.
[
9
]
,
t
h
e
g
r
o
wth
o
f
m
o
b
i
le
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
n
atio
n
s
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
tr
a
o
r
d
i
n
ar
y
,
p
r
o
m
p
tin
g
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
ts
,
n
o
n
-
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
tal
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
,
an
d
p
r
ac
ti
tio
n
er
s
to
u
tili
ze
its
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
e
x
p
an
d
in
g
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
tal
i
n
itiativ
es
to
im
p
o
v
er
is
h
ed
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
m
o
s
tly
l
o
ca
ted
in
em
er
g
i
n
g
co
u
n
tr
ies [
2
2
]
.
Mo
b
ile
h
ea
lth
h
as
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
b
en
ef
it
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lth
s
y
s
tem
s
in
m
an
y
way
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
in
clu
d
e
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
m
e
n
tal
h
ea
lth
,
r
aisi
n
g
awa
r
en
ess
an
d
h
ea
lth
liter
ac
y
,
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
h
ea
lth
y
ea
tin
g
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t
d
is
ea
s
es
an
d
o
th
e
r
h
ea
lt
h
p
r
o
b
lem
s
b
ef
o
r
e
th
ey
ar
is
e,
also
k
n
o
wn
as
p
r
ev
en
tiv
e
m
e
d
icin
e
o
r
h
ea
lth
[
2
3
]
.
m
Hea
lth
is
s
ee
n
as
a
s
im
p
le,
in
ex
p
en
s
iv
e,
an
d
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
way
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
s
er
v
ices,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
f
o
r
in
d
iv
i
d
u
als
wh
o
h
av
e
a
s
ev
er
e
lack
o
f
m
ed
ical
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
m
Hea
lth
is
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
t
h
e
p
u
b
lic,
c
o
llect
h
ea
lth
d
at
a,
m
o
n
ito
r
p
atien
ts
r
em
o
tely
,
ac
ce
s
s
h
ea
lth
r
ec
o
r
d
s
,
m
ak
e
m
e
d
ical
d
iag
n
o
s
es,
an
d
ass
is
t
in
d
is
ea
s
e
p
r
ev
en
ti
o
n
an
d
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
[
8
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
a
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
y
,
u
s
er
s
o
f
m
Hea
lth
s
er
v
ices
ca
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
h
o
r
ter
waitin
g
tim
es
(
9
7
%)
an
d
s
av
e
m
o
n
ey
(
9
1
%),
as
well
as
tr
av
elin
g
tim
e
(
9
8
%)
[
2
6
]
.
B
y
u
tili
zin
g
b
ig
d
ata
an
d
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
m
Hea
lth
(
s
u
ch
as
d
ig
ital
p
er
s
o
n
al
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e
s
er
v
ices,
r
em
o
te
co
n
s
u
lt
atio
n
s
,
an
d
r
em
o
te
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
)
ca
n
tr
ac
k
p
eo
p
le'
s
h
ea
lth
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
ass
ess
h
o
w
th
eir
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
ch
an
g
in
g
o
v
er
tim
e,
an
d
o
f
f
er
p
r
o
m
p
t
t
r
ea
tm
en
t.
T
h
e
tim
e
an
d
ex
p
e
n
s
e
o
f
d
iag
n
o
s
is
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
u
s
in
g
m
Hea
lth
s
er
v
ices.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
p
o
s
itiv
ely
to
r
ais
in
g
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
an
d
ef
f
ec
t
iv
en
ess
o
f
m
ed
ical
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
wh
ich
is
tu
r
n
in
g
in
to
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
h
ea
lth
in
d
u
s
tr
y
’
s
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
f
u
tu
r
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
ts
[
3
]
.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
also
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
m
Hea
lth
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
h
elp
in
g
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
eo
p
le’
s
m
en
tal
h
ea
lt
h
in
clu
d
in
g
to
eld
er
ly
[
6
]
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
,
m
e
n
tal
h
ea
lth
p
atien
ts
[
2
9
]
,
[
3
0
]
,
s
u
icid
e
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
[
3
1
]
,
s
ch
i
zo
p
h
r
e
n
ia
[
3
2
]
,
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
tiv
ity
,
d
iet,
d
r
u
g
an
d
alco
h
o
l
u
s
e
[
3
3
]
,
clin
ical
p
s
y
ch
iatr
y
[
3
2
]
,
ad
o
lescen
t [
3
4
]
,
p
e
o
p
le
with
o
r
with
o
u
t m
e
n
tal
h
ea
lth
p
r
o
b
lem
s
[
3
5
]
,
a
n
d
o
th
er
s
.
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
th
e
o
r
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
ea
r
lier
r
esear
ch
to
ass
ess
p
eo
p
le
’
s
b
eh
av
io
r
al
in
ten
tio
n
s
to
ad
o
p
t
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
th
eir
lev
el
o
f
h
ap
p
in
ess
af
ter
u
s
in
g
th
em
.
I
n
p
ar
ti
cu
lar
,
th
e
th
eo
r
y
o
f
r
ea
s
o
n
ed
ac
tio
n
(
T
R
A)
b
y
Aj
z
en
an
d
Fis
h
b
ein
[
3
6
]
;
th
e
th
eo
r
y
o
f
p
lan
n
ed
b
eh
a
v
io
r
(
T
PB
)
b
y
Ajze
n
[
3
7
]
;
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
m
o
d
el
(
T
AM
)
b
y
Dav
is
[
3
8
]
;
an
d
th
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
th
e
o
r
y
(
I
DT
)
b
y
R
o
g
er
s
[
3
9
]
.
M
o
s
t
s
tu
d
ies
lo
o
k
at
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
u
s
er
s
’
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al
in
t
en
tio
n
s
wh
ich
ar
e
d
o
m
in
ated
b
y
th
is
h
y
p
o
th
esis
[
4
0
]
.
I
n
th
e
p
ast,
m
o
s
t
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
ex
am
in
e
d
k
ey
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
f
r
o
m
well
-
k
n
o
wn
th
e
o
r
ies
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
T
AM
,
th
e
th
eo
r
y
o
f
p
lan
n
e
d
b
eh
a
v
io
r
(
T
PB
)
,
th
e
m
o
tiv
atio
n
th
eo
r
y
[
3
]
,
[
4
1
]
,
a
n
d
th
e
u
n
if
ied
th
eo
r
y
o
f
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
an
d
u
s
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
UT
A
UT
)
[
4
2
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
lim
itatio
n
s
in
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
m
o
b
ile
h
ea
lth
s
er
v
ices a
d
o
p
tio
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
.
Desp
ite
th
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
ad
o
p
ti
o
n
o
f
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
es
an
d
th
e
a
ck
n
o
wled
g
e
d
p
o
te
n
tial
o
f
u
s
in
g
th
em
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
h
ea
lth
c
ar
e
s
er
v
ices,
t
h
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
a
n
d
ac
c
ep
tan
ce
o
f
th
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
a
r
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
am
o
n
g
th
e
eld
er
ly
p
o
p
u
latio
n
[
2
4
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Alam
et
a
l.
[
1
1
]
,
it
is
s
till
u
n
clea
r
h
o
w
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
wh
at
f
ac
to
r
s
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
u
p
ta
k
e
o
f
m
Hea
l
th
ap
p
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
v
ar
i
ab
les
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
th
e
y
o
u
n
g
e
r
g
en
er
atio
n
’
s
u
s
e
o
f
m
Hea
lth
ap
p
s
h
av
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
c
o
m
p
ar
ativ
ely
litt
le
atten
tio
n
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
r
esear
ch
o
n
h
o
w
to
en
co
u
r
ag
e
u
s
er
s
to
co
n
tin
u
e
u
s
in
g
th
ese
I
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S
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163
u
n
d
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p
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p
ilo
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ata
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ce
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tain
p
atien
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g
r
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with
ap
p
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th
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co
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n
tr
atio
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o
n
m
e
d
ical
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
alo
n
e
[
4
3
]
.
T
o
g
ain
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
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wh
e
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ch
is
h
ea
d
ed
in
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e
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
f
iel
d
,
it
is
cr
u
cial
to
an
aly
ze
an
d
class
if
y
th
e
ex
is
t
in
g
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
th
e
g
iv
e
n
s
u
b
ject.
R
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
u
tili
ze
d
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
m
ap
p
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
an
aly
ze
ex
ten
s
iv
e
d
atase
ts
,
aim
in
g
to
r
ev
ea
l
r
esear
ch
p
atter
n
s
with
in
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
u
b
ject.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
h
elp
s
to
tap
in
to
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
p
o
o
l
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
an
d
ass
ess
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
esear
ch
,
its
im
p
ac
t,
an
d
ar
ticle
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
.
I
t
also
aid
s
in
d
ef
in
in
g
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
k
n
o
wled
g
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
co
-
au
th
o
r
s
’
co
u
n
tr
ies
(
o
r
r
eg
i
o
n
s
)
an
d
r
esear
c
h
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
s
h
e
d
lig
h
t
o
n
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
b
etwe
en
v
ar
i
o
u
s
r
eg
io
n
s
o
r
r
esear
ch
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
th
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
o
f
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
f
o
r
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
an
aly
s
is
to
p
in
p
o
in
t
r
esear
ch
h
o
ts
p
o
ts
,
th
e
v
is
u
aliz
atio
n
o
f
th
e
in
tellectu
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
r
esear
ch
,
an
d
k
ey
wo
r
d
clu
s
ter
in
g
to
p
in
p
o
in
t
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
r
esear
ch
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
in
a
f
ield
ar
e
j
u
s
t
a
f
ew
o
f
t
h
e
m
an
y
t
o
o
ls
th
at
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
r
ec
en
tly
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
m
ee
t
t
h
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
ic
an
aly
s
is
an
d
e
n
h
an
ce
th
e
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
ic
tr
ea
tm
en
t.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ics
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
b
o
th
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
h
is
to
r
i
ca
l
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
an
d
m
ak
in
g
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
[
4
4
]
.
T
o
d
ate,
th
e
s
tu
d
ies
o
f
m
Hea
lt
h
ar
e
s
ca
r
ce
in
Ma
lay
s
ia.
W
h
i
le
m
Hea
lth
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
h
a
s
b
e
en
s
tu
d
ied
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
n
tex
ts
,
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
am
o
n
g
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
at
th
e
wo
r
k
p
lace
r
ec
eiv
e
d
lim
ited
atten
tio
n
[
4
5
]
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
id
en
tifie
d
m
Hea
lth
ar
e
o
n
ly
f
o
c
u
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
Hea
lth
am
o
n
g
o
b
ese
p
eo
p
le
[
2
1
]
,
[
4
6
]
m
ed
ical
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
8
]
,
p
h
a
r
m
ac
y
clien
t
s
[
1
9
]
,
an
d
t
h
e
g
en
er
al
p
o
p
u
latio
n
[
4
0
]
.
R
ec
en
t
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
s
tu
d
ies
in
clu
d
e
th
o
s
e
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
S
weileh
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
c
o
v
er
in
g
2
0
0
6
-
2
0
1
6
,
C
ao
et
a
l.
[
4
4
]
c
o
v
er
in
g
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
0
to
2
0
2
0
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
cr
ea
ted
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
b
o
d
y
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
n
m
Hea
lth
an
d
th
e
d
ea
r
th
o
f
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
:
i
)
W
h
at
is
th
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
tr
en
d
o
f
m
H
ea
lth
r
esear
ch
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
3
to
2
0
2
3
?
;
ii
)
W
h
ich
co
u
n
tr
ies
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
h
av
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
th
e
h
ig
h
est
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ar
ticles?
;
iii
)
W
h
o
ar
e
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
th
at
ar
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
lific
an
d
h
av
e
th
e
h
ig
h
est
cit
atio
n
co
u
n
ts
?
;
iv
)
W
h
ich
a
r
e
t
h
e
k
e
y
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
in
m
Hea
lth
r
esear
ch
?
; v
)
W
h
i
ch
s
u
b
ject
ar
ea
d
o
m
in
ates
th
e
s
tu
d
ies?
An
d
v
i
)
W
h
at
ar
e
tr
e
n
d
s
in
co
-
a
u
th
o
r
s
h
ip
an
d
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
in
m
Hea
lth
r
esear
ch
?
An
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
b
o
d
y
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
n
m
Hea
lth
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
ac
ad
e
m
ic
jo
u
r
n
als
b
etwe
en
2
0
1
3
an
d
2
0
2
3
is
th
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
g
o
al
o
f
th
is
en
d
ea
v
o
r
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
ci
p
a
l
aim
o
f
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
is
to
co
n
d
u
ct
an
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
m
Hea
lth
r
esear
ch
an
d
to
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
ad
d
to
th
e
b
o
d
y
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
n
th
e
to
p
ic.
T
h
is
will
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
s
ev
er
al
s
tatis
tical
s
tu
d
ies
an
d
a
cr
itical
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
t
r
en
d
s
an
d
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
is
to
p
ic
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
3
to
2
0
2
3
u
s
in
g
a
b
i
b
lio
m
etr
ic
an
al
y
s
is
b
ased
o
n
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
in
d
e
x
ed
in
Sco
p
u
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
s
ig
h
ts
i
n
to
h
o
w
th
e
f
ield
o
f
m
Hea
lth
r
esear
ch
is
ch
an
g
in
g
b
y
lo
o
k
in
g
at
h
ig
h
ly
cited
p
ap
er
s
,
id
en
tify
in
g
n
atio
n
s
with
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
in
th
e
f
ield
,
id
en
tify
in
g
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
jo
u
r
n
als,
em
p
h
asizin
g
r
esear
ch
ar
ea
s
,
tr
ac
k
in
g
an
n
u
al
d
ata,
an
d
i
d
en
ti
f
y
in
g
p
r
o
lific
au
t
h
o
r
s
in
m
Hea
lth
r
esear
ch
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Desig
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
ed
to
an
aly
ze
an
d
ass
ess
l
iter
atu
r
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
m
Hea
lth
th
at
was
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
etwe
en
2
0
1
3
an
d
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
m
ain
g
o
als
a
r
e
to
ass
ess
m
Hea
lth
r
esear
ch
an
d
g
r
ea
tly
ex
p
an
d
th
e
co
r
p
u
s
o
f
alr
ea
d
y
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
wo
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
a
s
e
was
u
s
ed
to
r
etr
ie
v
e
ar
ticl
es
in
m
Hea
lth
.
T
h
e
y
ea
r
2
0
1
3
-
2
0
2
3
was
ch
o
s
en
as
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
er
io
d
.
VOSv
ie
wer
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
v
is
u
alize
th
e
d
ata.
Usi
n
g
co
m
m
o
n
b
i
b
li
o
m
etr
ic
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
th
e
g
r
o
wth
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
citatio
n
a
n
aly
s
is
,
an
d
r
es
ea
r
ch
o
u
tp
u
t
wer
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
ev
o
lv
in
g
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
m
Hea
lth
r
es
ea
r
ch
b
y
ex
am
in
in
g
h
ig
h
ly
cited
p
ap
er
s
,
id
en
tif
y
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
with
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
in
m
Hea
lth
r
esear
ch
,
id
en
tify
in
g
in
f
lu
en
tial
jo
u
r
n
als,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
r
esear
ch
ar
ea
s
,
tr
ac
k
in
g
an
n
u
al
d
ata,
an
d
id
en
tify
i
n
g
p
r
o
lific
au
th
o
r
s
in
th
e
f
ield
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
will
f
in
d
it
u
s
ef
u
l
in
co
m
p
r
eh
en
d
i
n
g
th
e
r
esear
ch
ar
ea
a
n
d
i
n
d
ete
r
m
in
in
g
t
h
e
b
est
ar
ea
s
to
f
o
cu
s
th
eir
e
f
f
o
r
ts
.
2
.
2
.
E
lig
ibi
lity
cr
it
er
ia
T
h
e
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
in
clu
d
in
g
an
d
ex
clu
d
in
g
r
esear
ch
p
a
p
er
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
R
esear
ch
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
o
n
ly
b
ee
n
in
clu
d
e
d
if
th
ese
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
m
et.
T
h
u
s
,
f
r
o
m
T
ab
le
1
,
we
ca
n
in
f
er
th
at
th
e
ar
ticles
an
d
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
r
elatin
g
to
th
e
f
ield
o
f
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
s
,
b
u
s
in
ess
,
m
an
ag
em
en
t
a
n
d
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
,
an
d
ar
ts
,
an
d
h
u
m
an
ities
ar
e
in
th
e
f
in
al
s
tu
d
y
.
2
.
3
.
B
ibl
io
g
ra
ph
ic
da
t
a
ba
s
e
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
o
n
ly
lo
o
k
s
at
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
etwe
en
2
0
1
3
an
d
2
0
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3
to
r
ef
lect
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e
m
o
s
t
r
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en
t
d
ev
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p
m
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n
ts
in
th
is
s
u
b
ject.
T
h
e
ar
ticles
wer
e
co
llected
in
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
3
u
s
in
g
p
u
b
licatio
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s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
ap
e
r
s
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
etw
ee
n
2
0
1
3
an
d
2
0
2
3
.
Data
f
o
r
m
Hea
lth
wer
e
tak
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n
f
r
o
m
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p
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s
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atab
ase
th
at
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o
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n
d
2
2
,
0
0
0
titl
es
in
th
e
s
o
cial,
s
cien
tific
,
tech
n
ical,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
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8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
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Hea
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Vo
l.
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4
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
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5
:
1
61
-
1
74
164
an
d
m
ed
ical
s
cien
ce
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
Sco
p
u
s
h
as
th
e
lar
g
est
d
atab
ase
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
Pu
b
Me
d
o
r
W
eb
o
f
Scien
ce
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e
,
it
b
ec
o
m
es th
e
ch
o
ice
b
y
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
[
2
0
]
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
r
iter
ia
f
o
r
s
elec
tin
g
r
esear
ch
p
ap
e
r
A
c
c
e
ss
t
y
p
e
D
o
c
u
me
n
t
t
y
p
e
S
u
b
j
e
c
t
a
r
e
a
P
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
y
e
a
r
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
O
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
A
r
t
i
c
l
e
S
o
c
i
a
l
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
B
u
s
i
n
e
ss,
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
a
n
d
A
c
c
o
u
n
t
i
n
g
A
r
t
s a
n
d
h
u
ma
n
i
t
i
e
s
2
0
1
3
2
0
1
4
2
0
1
5
2
0
1
6
2
0
1
7
2
0
1
8
2
0
1
9
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
1
2
0
2
2
2
0
2
3
2
8
3
61
38
2
.
4
.
Sea
rc
h str
a
t
eg
y
a
nd
v
a
l
idi
t
y
On
e
m
eth
o
d
u
s
ed
t
o
f
in
d
jo
u
r
n
al
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
was
to
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
th
em
u
s
in
g
th
e
te
r
m
“
m
o
b
ile
h
ea
lth
”
in
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
’
s
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
o
r
th
e
titl
e
ab
s
tr
ac
t.
Sin
ce
n
o
t
all
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
in
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
m
o
b
ile
h
ea
lth
co
u
ld
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
is
m
an
n
er
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tr
ateg
y
w
as
em
p
lo
y
ed
.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
ter
m
s
o
r
ac
r
o
n
y
m
s
m
o
s
t
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
u
s
e
d
to
r
ef
er
to
“
th
e
p
r
ac
tice
o
f
m
ed
icin
e
an
d
p
u
b
lic
h
ea
lth
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ices
”
ar
e
m
o
b
ile
h
ea
lth
,
m
-
Hea
lth
,
an
d
m
Hea
lth
(
W
HO,
2
0
1
1
)
.
I
n
th
is
r
ev
iew,
h
o
wev
er
,
th
e
ter
m
s
em
p
lo
y
e
d
wer
e
ex
p
an
d
e
d
to
in
clu
d
e
“
m
o
b
ile
h
ea
lth
”
OR
“
m
-
Hea
lth
”
OR
“
m
Hea
lth
”
OR
“
m
o
b
ile
h
ea
lt
h
ap
p
licatio
n
”
OR
“
m
Hea
lth
ap
p
”
OR
“
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
”
.
T
h
e
tim
e
f
r
am
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
tr
ateg
y
was
estab
lis
h
ed
b
etwe
en
2
0
1
3
an
d
2
0
2
3
,
an
d
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
h
o
u
ld
o
n
ly
b
e
jo
u
r
n
a
l
p
ap
er
s
.
T
o
g
et
th
e
m
o
s
t
ar
ticles
r
etu
r
n
ed
,
th
e
"OR"
o
p
er
ato
r
was
ap
p
lied
.
I
n
th
is
m
eth
o
d
,
a
n
y
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
t
h
at
m
ig
h
t
c
o
n
tain
t
h
e
ter
m
s
w
e
u
tili
ze
d
wer
e
s
ea
r
ch
e
d
to
g
u
ar
an
tee
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ex
am
in
atio
n
alo
n
g
with
a
wo
r
d
r
elate
d
to
an
y
ar
ea
o
f
h
ea
lth
wh
ile
ad
h
er
in
g
t
o
th
e
g
u
id
e
lin
es
f
o
r
an
aly
s
is
an
d
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
th
e
p
r
ef
er
r
e
d
r
e
p
o
r
tin
g
item
s
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iews
an
d
m
eta
-
an
aly
s
es
(
PR
I
SMA)
s
tatem
en
t
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
PR
I
SMA
f
lo
wch
ar
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
A
b
ib
lio
metric stu
d
y
o
n
th
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f m
o
b
ile
h
e
a
lth
:
t
r
en
d
s
a
n
d
fu
tu
r
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
(
S
iti R
o
s
n
ita
S
a
ka
r
ji
)
165
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Wha
t
is
t
he
pu
bli
ca
t
io
n t
re
nd
o
f
m
H
e
a
lt
h r
esea
rc
h f
ro
m
2
0
1
3
t
o
2
0
2
3
?
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
tr
en
d
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
3
to
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
e
d
ata
s
h
o
wed
th
at
o
n
ly
o
n
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
was
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
2
0
1
4
,
f
iv
e
to
s
ix
in
2
0
1
5
a
n
d
2
0
1
6
.
T
h
e
av
e
r
ag
e
v
o
l
u
m
e
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
7
t
o
2
0
1
8
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
s
h
ar
p
ly
g
r
o
win
g
t
r
en
d
in
m
Hea
lth
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
9
to
2
0
2
3
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
’
in
ter
est
in
s
tu
d
y
in
g
th
is
to
p
ic
was
ex
p
an
d
ed
i
n
tan
d
em
with
th
e
g
lo
b
al
p
a
n
d
e
m
ic
th
at
s
wep
t
th
e
g
lo
b
e.
O
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
o
u
tp
u
t
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
i
n
2
0
1
9
,
2
1
p
u
b
licat
io
n
s
wer
e
p
u
b
lis
h
e
d
,
in
d
icatin
g
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
r
is
e.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
p
u
b
lis
h
in
g
a
p
p
e
ar
ed
to
b
e
a
litt
le
s
lo
w
in
2
0
2
0
(
1
7
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
)
.
Du
r
i
n
g
th
at
p
er
io
d
,
th
e
g
l
o
b
al
co
m
m
u
n
ity
was
f
ig
h
tin
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic
an
d
p
r
i
o
r
itizin
g
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
m
e
n
tal
well
-
b
ein
g
ar
ea
s
.
As
in
d
iv
id
u
als
lear
n
to
co
p
e
with
th
e
p
an
d
em
ic,
th
e
f
o
cu
s
s
h
if
t
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
m
e
n
tal
h
ea
lth
,
wh
ich
h
as
em
er
g
e
d
as
th
e
illn
ess
th
at
is
least
m
ar
k
etab
le.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
escalate
d
to
3
6
in
2
0
2
1
an
d
co
n
tin
u
ed
to
r
is
e
to
4
8
in
2
0
2
2
.
I
n
2
0
2
3
,
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
is
4
3
.
T
h
e
s
tatis
tics
with
in
th
e
p
ast
f
ew
y
ea
r
s
p
r
o
v
ed
th
at
th
e
f
ield
s
o
f
s
o
cial
s
cien
ce
s
an
d
m
ed
ic
in
e
h
av
e
r
ec
e
n
tly
d
o
m
in
ated
t
h
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
p
atter
n
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
in
d
icate
s
th
at
s
ch
o
lar
ly
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
th
is
to
p
ic
ar
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
m
o
r
e
atten
tio
n
.
T
h
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
r
o
b
lem
,
wh
ich
h
as
f
o
r
ce
d
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ec
to
r
s
t
o
in
teg
r
ate
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
m
Hea
lth
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
en
h
an
cin
g
em
p
lo
y
ee
s
’
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
,
is
o
n
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
elem
en
t
lead
in
g
to
th
is
s
itu
atio
n
.
T
h
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
a
ca
d
em
i
cs
c
o
n
tin
u
e
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
an
d
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
m
Hea
l
th
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
ei
r
o
p
tim
is
m
ab
o
u
t
it
i
s
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
ce
an
d
ef
f
ec
ts
.
T
h
e
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
io
n
o
f
m
H
e
a
l
t
h
i
n
d
o
m
a
i
n
s
b
ey
o
n
d
m
e
d
i
c
i
n
e
h
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
a
t
i
t
is
a
h
e
l
p
f
u
l
s
t
r
a
t
eg
y
f
o
r
t
r
e
a
t
i
n
g
m
e
n
t
a
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
i
n
a
v
a
r
i
e
t
y
o
f
m
u
l
t
i
d
is
c
i
p
l
i
n
a
r
y
f
i
e
l
d
s
a
n
d
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
es
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
p
u
b
l
ic
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
a
n
t
i
c
i
p
at
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
as
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
o
f
i
t
i
s
b
e
n
e
f
i
ts
t
o
em
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
g
r
o
w
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Pu
b
licatio
n
tr
en
d
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
3
to
2
0
2
3
3
.
2
.
Which co
un
t
ries a
nd
in
s
t
it
utio
ns
h
a
v
e
pro
du
ce
d t
he
hig
hes
t
nu
m
ber
o
f
a
rt
icles?
R
esear
ch
o
n
m
o
b
ile
h
ea
lth
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
in
a
to
tal
o
f
5
0
co
u
n
tr
ies.
T
h
e
Un
ited
States
h
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
with
6
2
b
e
twee
n
2
0
1
3
an
d
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
e
U
n
ited
Kin
g
d
o
m
(
3
4
)
,
Ger
m
an
y
(
1
7
)
,
C
an
ad
a
(
1
5
)
,
Au
s
tr
alia
(
1
4
)
,
an
d
C
h
in
a
(
1
1
)
co
m
e
n
ex
t.
T
h
e
to
p
ten
n
atio
n
s
th
at
h
av
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
o
n
m
o
b
ile
h
ea
lth
ar
e
lis
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
ese
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M
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7
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I
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(
S
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S
a
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169
Switzer
lan
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,
I
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d
ia,
an
d
No
r
way
.
C
lu
s
ter
2
i
n
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Sin
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clu
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ter
3
in
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co
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a
m
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g
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Un
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,
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u
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r
ica.
an
d
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ter
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r
ef
lects r
esear
ch
er
s
f
r
o
m
Sp
ain
a
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r
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Fig
u
r
e
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.
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a
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h
ip
an
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o
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aly
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is
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e
x
h
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it
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s
b
etwe
en
h
ig
h
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in
c
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m
e
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n
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ies,
d
e
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elo
p
in
g
,
a
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d
d
ev
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ed
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n
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ies.
I
n
clu
s
ter
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,
th
e
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Kin
g
d
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ile
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in
a,
Au
s
tr
alia,
an
d
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g
ap
o
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e
.
I
n
clu
s
ter
2
,
Ma
lay
s
ia
co
llab
o
r
ates
with
Sau
d
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Ar
ab
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Au
s
tr
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llab
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ates
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t
h
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ap
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r
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co
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lab
o
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with
th
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.
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r
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er
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s
ter
3
wh
ich
in
v
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th
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,
C
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th
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er
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d
em
o
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s
tr
ates
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s
with
th
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Un
ited
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g
d
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m
,
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s
tr
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an
d
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r
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.
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ast
ly
,
clu
s
ter
4
(
Sp
ai
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)
s
h
o
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llab
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o
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ly
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h
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in
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m
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c
o
u
n
tr
ie
s
,
th
e
Un
ited
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g
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.
Fig
u
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illu
s
tr
ates
th
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h
ip
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Key
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:
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in
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p
u
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2
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0
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3
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Fi
g
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6
9
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is
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ly
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with
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ter
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atch
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ir
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ize
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ig
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ce
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Fig
u
r
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8
v
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m
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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Dis
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Un
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States
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r
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ar
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ad
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e
Un
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Kin
g
d
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m
an
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also
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en
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r
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m
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lth
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v
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e
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o
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d
ies,
m
ed
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o
m
p
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te
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cie
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ce
s
.
J
MI
R
Hu
m
an
Facto
r
s
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o
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o
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t
p
r
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r
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o
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b
lis
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Ag
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v
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m
e
o
f
liter
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e
in
m
Hea
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o
w
ed
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n
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tial
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cr
ea
s
e
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ec
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n
d
h
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ter
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with
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in
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th
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with
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f
liter
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r
e.
Ad
d
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