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I
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Par
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R
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Dep
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6
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9
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T
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1
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[
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I
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8
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6
R
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b
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s
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s
fo
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p
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r
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s
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r
ev
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(
S
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mia
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in
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)
115
Par
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also
h
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if
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h
elp
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ch
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ts
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f
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tm
en
t
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
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m
ak
es
p
ar
en
ts
'
liv
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c
h
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g
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d
r
asti
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lly
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s
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d
r
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th
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o
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ac
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s
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ally
d
o
.
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h
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in
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itu
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s
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p
ar
en
ts
to
p
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ch
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ily
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d
u
e
to
in
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f
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t
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co
m
m
u
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icatio
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[
1
4
]
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
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e,
p
ar
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n
ts
wh
o
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s
t
co
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tin
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e
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to
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with
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co
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d
ad
ap
t
to
ch
an
g
es
ca
lled
r
esil
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ce
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
R
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c
e
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t
o
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ly
ab
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in
wh
ich
th
ey
ca
n
liv
e
th
eir
liv
es
well.
R
esil
ien
c
e
is
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
y
wh
ich
a
p
e
r
s
o
n
ad
ap
ts
to
d
if
f
icu
lt
s
itu
atio
n
s
an
d
ca
n
u
ltima
tel
y
liv
e
th
eir
liv
es
well.
Par
en
tal
r
esil
ien
ce
in
ch
ild
ca
r
e
is
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
es
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
s
k
ills
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
an
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
q
u
ality
ca
r
e
to
th
eir
ch
ild
r
en
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
A
p
er
s
o
n
with
h
ig
h
r
esil
ien
ce
will
f
ee
l
s
tr
o
n
g
en
o
u
g
h
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
l
em
s
th
ey
f
ac
e
an
d
will
alwa
y
s
tr
y
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
eir
s
en
s
e
o
f
o
p
tim
is
m
an
d
s
ee
k
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
[
1
9
]
.
T
o
b
e
ab
le
to
s
u
r
v
iv
e
a
n
d
ad
a
p
t,
a
p
er
s
o
n
n
ee
d
s
s
ev
er
al
s
k
ill
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
ad
eq
u
ate
r
esil
ien
ce
,
n
am
ely
,
th
e
s
k
ill
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
wh
at
p
r
ev
en
ts
h
im
f
r
o
m
g
ettin
g
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
at
h
an
d
,
n
o
t
b
lam
in
g
o
n
eself
,
r
ec
o
g
n
izin
g
th
e
f
ea
r
in
h
im
,
h
o
n
in
g
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
s
o
lv
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
lo
o
k
i
n
g
at
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
,
an
d
tr
y
in
g
to
b
e
ca
lm
wh
e
n
f
ac
i
n
g
u
n
p
leasan
t
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
k
ill
ca
n
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
ctiv
ities
th
at
teac
h
ab
o
u
t
h
o
w
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
r
esil
ien
ce
,
o
n
e
o
f
wh
ich
is
p
r
o
p
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
wh
ich
n
o
t
o
n
ly
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
u
t
also
h
elp
s
a
p
er
s
o
n
to
ac
h
iev
e
ad
eq
u
ate
r
esil
ien
ce
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
An
o
th
e
r
way
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
r
esil
ien
ce
is
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
ac
ticin
g
m
in
d
f
u
l
n
ess
an
d
s
elf
-
ca
r
e
tech
n
i
q
u
es,
wh
ich
c
an
h
elp
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
b
etter
co
p
e
with
s
tr
ess
an
d
ad
v
er
s
ity
.
B
y
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
th
es
e
s
k
ills
,
a
p
e
r
s
o
n
ca
n
b
u
ild
a
s
tr
o
n
g
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
o
v
er
c
o
m
in
g
c
h
allen
g
es
a
n
d
th
r
iv
in
g
in
d
if
f
icu
lt si
tu
atio
n
s
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
r
ev
iew
aim
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
o
u
r
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
r
esil
ien
ce
as
a
d
y
n
am
ic
an
d
tim
e
-
c
o
n
s
u
m
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
y
m
et
h
o
d
ically
ex
a
m
in
in
g
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
to
elu
cid
ate
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
r
esil
ien
ce
-
b
ased
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
th
e
d
esire
d
ef
f
ec
ts
.
Ad
d
itio
n
a
lly
,
b
y
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
a
s
y
s
tem
ati
c
r
ev
iew,
we
in
ten
d
to
id
en
tify
g
a
p
s
in
t
h
e
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
tio
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
,
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
m
o
r
e
c
u
s
to
m
ized
an
d
cu
ltu
r
ally
awa
r
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
a
n
d
th
e
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ically
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
m
eth
o
d
s
.
B
y
s
y
n
th
esizin
g
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
r
esear
ch
,
we
h
o
p
e
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
v
al
u
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
th
at
ca
n
in
f
o
r
m
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
m
o
r
e
tar
g
eted
an
d
im
p
ac
tf
u
l r
esil
ien
ce
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Desig
n a
nd
s
ea
rc
h
m
et
h
o
d
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
wa
s
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
llo
wed
th
e
p
r
ef
er
r
e
d
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
item
s
f
o
r
s
y
s
tem
at
ic
r
ev
iews
an
d
m
eta
-
a
n
aly
s
es
(
PR
I
SMA)
g
u
id
elin
es.
Ar
ticle
s
ea
r
ch
es
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
u
s
in
g
s
ix
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
atab
ases
: Pu
b
Me
d
,
Sco
p
u
s
,
Scien
ce
Dir
ec
t,
Pro
q
u
est,
W
o
S,
an
d
C
lin
ical
Key
.
Ar
ticle
s
ea
r
ch
es
wer
e
lim
ited
to
p
u
b
licatio
n
y
ea
r
s
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
9
t
o
2
0
2
3
u
s
in
g
th
e
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
"r
esil
ien
ce
"
"in
ter
v
en
tio
n
"
a
n
d
"
p
ar
en
ts
o
f
ch
ild
r
e
n
with
ca
n
ce
r
.
”
T
h
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
u
s
ed
was
B
o
o
lean
o
p
er
ato
r
s
“AN
D”
an
d
“OR.”
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
a
r
ticles is
lim
it
ed
to
ar
ticles in
E
n
g
lis
h
,
f
u
ll t
ex
t,
an
d
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
th
e
last
f
iv
e
y
ea
r
s
.
2
.
2
.
I
nclus
io
n a
nd
e
x
clus
io
n
c
rit
er
ia
T
h
e
elig
ib
ilit
y
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
ar
ti
cles
to
b
e
r
ev
iewe
d
wer
e
d
ete
r
m
in
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
r
esear
ch
er
s
u
s
ed
a
s
tr
at
eg
y
th
at
co
u
l
d
m
a
k
e
th
e
ar
tic
les
tr
ac
ed
m
o
r
e
s
p
ec
if
ic,
n
am
ely
,
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
f
o
r
ar
ticles
u
s
in
g
th
e
PI
C
O
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
wh
er
e
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
was
p
ar
en
ts
o
f
ch
ild
r
en
with
an
y
ty
p
e
o
f
ca
n
ce
r
,
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
r
esil
ien
ce
-
b
ased
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
o
r
in
te
r
v
en
tio
n
s
,
an
d
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
ty
p
es o
f
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
wer
e
tr
ac
ed
,
b
u
t
s
till
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
r
esil
ien
ce
o
f
p
ar
en
ts
wh
o
h
ad
ch
ild
r
en
with
ca
n
ce
r
.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
was
s
p
ec
if
ic
to
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
p
ar
en
tal
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
r
ed
u
cin
g
o
th
er
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
r
elate
d
to
p
ar
en
tal
r
esil
ien
ce
.
Stu
d
y
d
esig
n
s
wer
e
s
ea
r
ch
ed
f
o
r
all
ty
p
es
o
f
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
,
b
o
th
q
u
asi
-
ex
p
e
r
im
en
ts
an
d
r
a
n
d
o
m
ized
co
n
tr
o
lled
tr
ials
(
R
C
T
s
)
.
2
.
3
.
D
a
t
a
e
x
t
ra
ct
i
o
n a
nd
s
y
nthesis
Ar
ticles
wer
e
s
elec
ted
b
y
id
en
tify
in
g
th
e
titl
es
an
d
ab
s
tr
ac
ts
b
ased
o
n
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
an
d
ex
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia.
A
r
ev
iew
o
f
th
e
en
tir
e
ar
ticle
co
n
ten
t
is
co
n
d
u
cte
d
wh
en
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
i
n
th
e
titl
e
an
d
ab
s
tr
ac
t
is
n
o
t
s
tr
o
n
g
en
o
u
g
h
to
d
ec
id
e
w
h
eth
er
th
e
ar
ticle
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
was
co
m
p
leted
en
tire
ly
b
y
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
.
E
ac
h
a
r
ticle
th
at
m
et
th
e
cr
iter
ia
was
r
ea
d
in
d
e
tail
b
y
th
e
au
th
o
r
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
a
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
ea
c
h
ar
ticle
co
n
tain
in
g
th
e
au
th
o
r
a
n
d
co
u
n
tr
y
,
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
an
d
s
tu
d
y
d
esig
n
,
s
am
p
le
an
d
s
ettin
g
,
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
,
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t,
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
o
u
tco
m
es,
an
d
f
o
llo
w
-
u
p
;
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
was
d
o
c
u
m
en
ted
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
an
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
tab
le
t
o
allo
w
th
e
au
th
o
r
to
o
b
tain
an
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
ea
ch
s
tu
d
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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:
2
2
5
2
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8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
5
:
1
14
-
1
25
116
2
.
4
.
Q
ua
lit
y
a
pp
ra
is
a
l
A
c
r
i
ti
ca
l
ap
p
r
a
i
s
a
l
o
f
th
e
ar
t
ic
le
wa
s
ca
r
r
i
ed
o
u
t
to
ev
a
lu
ate
wh
et
h
er
th
e
a
r
t
ic
le
to
b
e
u
s
ed
a
s
a
r
ef
er
en
c
e
is
f
e
a
s
ib
le
in
t
er
m
s
o
f
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
r
e
s
u
lt
s
,
an
d
u
s
e
f
u
ln
e
s
s
.
T
h
e
ar
t
ic
le
q
u
a
li
ty
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
en
t
in
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
u
s
ed
th
e
J
o
a
n
n
a
B
r
ig
g
s
I
n
s
ti
tu
t
e
(
J
B
I
)
cr
i
ti
ca
l
ap
p
r
a
is
al
wi
th
a
r
an
d
o
m
iz
ed
c
o
n
tr
o
l
l
ed
t
r
i
al
d
e
s
ig
n
[
2
3
]
co
n
s
i
s
t
in
g
o
f
1
3
q
u
e
s
t
io
n
i
te
m
s
an
d
a
q
u
a
s
i
-
ex
p
er
im
en
ta
l
s
tu
d
y
d
e
s
ig
n
co
n
s
i
s
ti
n
g
o
f
n
in
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
i
te
m
s
.
E
ac
h
q
u
e
s
t
io
n
i
te
m
co
n
ta
in
ed
in
th
e
cr
it
ic
al
a
p
p
r
a
i
s
a
l
f
o
r
m
at
h
a
s
th
e
an
s
we
r
o
p
t
io
n
s
"
Y
es
"
"
No
"
"Un
cl
ea
r
"
an
d
"
No
t
Ap
p
l
ica
b
le
"
as
s
h
wo
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
en
t
wa
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
al
l
au
th
o
r
s
,
an
d
d
if
f
e
r
en
c
e
s
i
n
th
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
f
th
e
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
w
er
e
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ed
u
n
ti
l
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t
wa
s
r
ea
ch
ed
.
O
n
e
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
a
q
u
a
s
i
-
ex
p
er
im
en
ta
l
d
e
s
i
g
n
,
an
d
s
ev
e
n
o
th
er
s
tu
d
ie
s
u
s
ed
a
r
an
d
o
m
ized
co
n
tr
o
l
led
tr
ia
l d
e
s
ig
n
.
B
as
ed
o
n
th
e
q
u
a
li
t
y
as
s
es
s
m
en
t,
al
l
s
t
u
d
i
es
co
n
d
u
cte
d
t
r
i
al
s
f
o
l
lo
w
in
g
th
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
an
d
co
n
d
u
c
ted
p
r
e
-
p
o
s
t
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
s
,
an
d
o
n
ly
o
n
e
s
tu
d
y
d
id
n
o
t
ex
p
l
ain
h
o
w
f
o
llo
w
-
u
p
wa
s
co
n
d
u
cte
d
[
2
4
]
.
Fo
r
s
tu
d
ie
s
t
h
a
t
u
s
ed
a
r
a
n
d
o
m
ized
co
n
tr
o
l
led
tr
ia
l
d
e
s
ig
n
,
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
s
tu
d
y
s
t
at
ed
th
a
t
it
u
s
ed
s
i
n
g
le
-
b
l
in
d
[
2
5
]
,
wh
i
le
o
th
er
s
t
u
d
ie
s
d
id
n
o
t
u
s
e
a
b
lin
d
s
y
s
t
em
in
r
an
d
o
m
iz
at
io
n
f
o
r
b
o
th
p
ar
ti
cip
an
t
s
an
d
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
.
T
w
o
s
tu
d
ie
s
d
id
n
o
t
u
s
e
an
in
ten
tio
n
-
to
-
tr
e
at
an
a
ly
s
i
s
m
e
th
o
d
[
2
6
]
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Qu
ality
a
p
p
r
aisal
S
t
u
d
y
d
e
si
g
n
A
u
t
h
o
r
I
t
e
ms o
f
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
p
p
r
a
i
sa
l
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Q
u
a
n
t
i
t
a
t
i
v
e
n
o
n
-
r
a
n
d
o
mi
z
e
d
[
2
4
]
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
U
Y
Y
Y
Q
u
a
n
t
i
t
a
t
i
v
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
i
z
e
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
d
t
r
i
a
l
s
[
2
6
]
Y
Y
Y
NA
NA
U
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
[
2
5
]
Y
Y
Y
NA
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
[
2
7
]
Y
Y
Y
NA
NA
U
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
[
2
8
]
Y
Y
Y
U
U
U
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
[
2
9
]
Y
Y
Y
Y
U
U
Y
U
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
[
3
0
]
Y
Y
Y
U
Y
U
Y
U
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
[
3
1
]
Y
Y
Y
U
U
U
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
:
y
e
s,
N
:
n
o
,
U
:
u
n
c
l
e
a
r
,
NA
:
n
o
t
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
b
l
e
I
tem
s
f
o
r
q
u
an
titativ
e
r
an
d
o
m
i
ze
d
co
n
tr
o
lled
tr
ials
:
i)
u
s
ed
c
o
r
r
ec
t
r
an
d
o
m
izatio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
a
s
s
ig
n
m
en
t
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
to
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
ii)
allo
ca
tio
n
s
to
g
r
o
u
p
s
wer
e
co
n
ce
aled
,
iii)
s
im
ilar
t
r
ea
tm
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
at
th
e
s
tar
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
,
iv
)
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
b
lin
d
ed
to
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t
ass
ig
n
m
en
t,
v
)
d
eliv
e
r
in
g
tr
ea
tm
en
t
b
lin
d
to
tr
ea
tm
en
t
ass
ig
n
m
en
t,
v
i)
o
u
t
co
m
es
ass
es
s
o
r
s
b
lin
d
ed
to
tr
ea
tm
en
t
ass
ig
n
m
en
t,
v
ii)
tr
ea
tm
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
tr
ea
ted
id
en
tically
o
th
er
th
an
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
o
f
in
ter
est,
v
iii)
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
g
r
o
u
p
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
eir
f
o
llo
w
-
u
p
ad
eq
u
ately
d
escr
ib
ed
an
d
an
al
y
ze
d
,
ix
)
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
an
aly
ze
d
in
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
to
w
h
ich
th
e
y
wer
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
ize
d
,
x
)
o
u
tco
m
es m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
th
e
s
am
e
way
f
o
r
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t g
r
o
u
p
s
,
x
i)
o
u
tco
m
es m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
r
eliab
ly
,
x
ii)
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
tatis
t
ical
an
aly
s
is
u
s
ed
,
an
d
x
iii)
tr
ial
d
esig
n
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
th
e
to
p
ic,
a
n
d
an
y
d
ev
iatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
R
C
T
d
esig
n
ac
co
u
n
ted
f
o
r
i
n
t
h
e
co
n
d
u
ct
an
d
an
aly
s
is
.
I
tem
s
f
o
r
q
u
an
titativ
e
n
o
n
-
r
a
n
d
o
m
i
ze
d
:
i)
i
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
wh
at
is
th
e
‘
ca
u
s
e’
an
d
wh
at
is
th
e
‘
ef
f
ec
t’
is
clea
r
,
ii)
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
clu
d
ed
in
an
y
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
s
im
ilar
,
iii)
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
clu
d
ed
i
n
an
y
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
r
ec
eiv
in
g
s
im
ilar
tr
ea
tm
en
t/car
e,
o
th
er
t
h
an
th
e
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
o
r
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
o
f
in
ter
est,
iv
)
t
h
e
r
e
a
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
,
v
)
t
h
er
e
ar
e
m
u
ltip
le
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
o
f
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
b
o
th
p
r
e
an
d
p
o
s
t
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
/e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e,
v
i)
f
o
llo
w
u
p
co
m
p
lete
an
d
if
n
o
t,
wer
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
g
r
o
u
p
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
eir
f
o
llo
w
u
p
ad
eq
u
ately
d
escr
ib
ed
an
d
a
n
aly
ze
d
,
v
ii)
th
e
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
in
clu
d
ed
in
an
y
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
th
e
s
am
e
way
,
v
iii)
o
u
tco
m
es
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
a
r
eliab
le
way
,
an
d
ix
)
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
tatis
t
ical
an
aly
s
is
u
s
ed
.
2
.
5
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
ar
ticle
was
an
aly
ze
d
b
y
ex
am
in
in
g
its
co
n
te
n
t,
s
tar
tin
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
,
r
esu
lts
,
an
d
s
u
itab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
ta
tis
tical
test
s
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
r
e
v
iewe
r
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
in
itial a
n
aly
s
es.
Nex
t,
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
r
ev
iew
o
f
th
e
en
tire
ar
ticle
was c
ar
r
ied
o
u
t to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
s
tu
d
ies
h
ad
s
im
ilar
elem
en
ts
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
r
ev
iewe
r
d
o
u
b
l
e
-
ch
ec
k
ed
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
e
v
iewe
r
'
s
wo
r
k
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
a
t
it a
lig
n
ed
with
th
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
o
b
je
ctiv
es a
n
d
co
v
e
r
ed
all
r
elev
a
n
t
item
s
.
B
ased
o
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
,
as
m
a
n
y
as
1
,
5
1
5
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
ts
wer
e
i
d
en
tifie
d
b
ased
o
n
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
,
an
d
af
ter
g
o
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
s
tag
e
th
er
e
wer
e
3
0
r
em
ain
i
n
g
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
ts
.
At
th
e
elig
ib
ilit
y
s
tag
e
th
er
e
wer
e
2
4
r
em
ain
in
g
ar
ticles.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
p
r
o
ce
s
s
r
esu
lted
in
a
f
in
al
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
8
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
ts
f
o
r
n
ar
r
ativ
e
s
y
n
th
esis
.
T
h
is
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
o
n
l
y
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
elev
an
t
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
-
q
u
ality
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
in
clu
d
ed
in
th
e
r
ev
iew.
Fo
r
m
o
r
e
d
etail
s
ee
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
R
esil
ien
ce
-
b
a
s
ed
in
terven
tio
n
s
fo
r
p
a
r
en
ts
o
f c
h
ild
r
en
w
ith
c
a
n
ce
r
:
a
s
ystema
tic
r
ev
iew
(
S
u
mia
ti S
in
a
g
a
)
117
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
esear
ch
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
t
[
3
2
]
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Ar
ticles
th
at
m
et
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
ia
o
f
f
o
c
u
s
in
g
o
n
r
esil
ien
ce
-
b
ased
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
f
o
r
p
ar
en
ts
o
f
ch
ild
r
en
with
ca
n
ce
r
wer
e
s
el
ec
ted
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
c
o
n
d
u
cted
in
s
ev
er
al
c
o
u
n
tr
ies.
Fiv
e
s
tu
d
ies
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
in
I
r
an
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
8
]
–
[
3
1
]
,
o
n
e
i
n
C
h
in
a
[
2
5
]
.
o
n
e
in
Ko
r
e
a,
a
n
d
o
n
e
in
W
ash
in
g
to
n
[
2
7
]
.
Mo
r
e
d
etail
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
2
(
s
ee
in
A
p
p
en
d
ix
)
.
3
.
1
.
Study
cha
ra
c
t
er
is
t
ics
All
th
e
s
tu
d
ies
wer
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal.
Fo
u
r
s
tu
d
ies
u
s
ed
a
R
C
T
d
esig
n
[
2
5
]
–
[
2
8
]
,
two
s
tu
d
i
es
u
s
ed
an
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
d
esig
n
[
2
9
]
,
[
3
0
]
,
o
n
e
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
a
q
u
asi
-
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
d
esig
n
[
2
4
]
,
a
n
d
o
n
e
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
a
clin
ical
tr
ial
d
esig
n
[
3
1
]
.
All
s
tu
d
ies
wer
e
o
n
p
ar
en
ts
o
f
ch
ild
r
en
with
ca
n
ce
r
,
with
f
o
u
r
s
tu
d
ies
in
v
o
lv
in
g
m
o
th
er
s
o
n
ly
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
8
]
,
[
3
0
]
,
[
3
1
]
an
d
f
o
u
r
o
th
er
s
tu
d
ies
in
v
o
lv
in
g
b
o
th
f
at
h
er
s
an
d
m
o
th
er
s
,
alth
o
u
g
h
m
o
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
m
o
t
h
er
s
as we
ll
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
a
cr
o
s
s
all
th
e
s
tu
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ies
was
4
8
0
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ac
r
o
s
s
s
tu
d
ies
r
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
3
0
to
1
0
3
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
6
0
to
1
0
3
was
f
o
u
n
d
in
f
o
u
r
s
tu
d
ies
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
7
]
,
[
3
0
]
,
[
3
1
]
a
n
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
3
0
to
4
8
was
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
o
th
er
f
o
u
r
s
tu
d
ies
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
8
]
,
[
2
9
]
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
ess
io
n
s
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
r
ec
eiv
ed
i
n
ea
ch
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
,
o
n
e
s
tu
d
y
h
ad
n
i
n
e
s
ess
io
n
s
[
3
0
]
,
t
h
r
ee
s
tu
d
ies
h
ad
ei
g
h
t
s
ess
io
n
s
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
9
]
,
o
n
e
s
tu
d
y
h
a
d
s
ix
s
ess
io
n
s
[
2
8
]
,
o
n
e
s
tu
d
y
h
ad
f
iv
e
s
ess
io
n
s
[
3
1
]
,
an
d
t
wo
s
tu
d
ies
h
ad
f
o
u
r
s
ess
io
n
s
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
Fo
r
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
ea
ch
s
ess
io
n
,
th
er
e
w
er
e
s
ix
s
tu
d
ies
with
ea
ch
s
es
s
i
o
n
last
in
g
6
0
to
9
0
m
in
u
tes
[
2
6
]
–
[
3
1
]
a
n
d
o
n
e
s
tu
d
y
p
e
r
s
ess
io
n
f
o
r
1
5
m
in
u
tes
[
2
5
]
.
An
o
th
e
r
s
tu
d
y
d
id
n
o
t
s
p
ec
if
y
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
ea
ch
s
ess
io
n
to
o
k
[
2
4
]
.
Six
s
tu
d
ies
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
o
u
tco
m
es
i
m
m
ed
iately
af
ter
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
th
e
in
ter
v
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tio
n
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d
co
n
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u
cted
f
o
llo
w
-
u
p
s
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ter
two
an
d
s
ix
wee
k
s
[
2
5
]
o
n
e
m
o
n
th
[
2
6
]
,
[
3
0
]
,
two
m
o
n
t
h
s
[
3
1
]
,
a
n
d
th
r
e
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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ch
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118
m
o
n
th
s
af
te
r
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
.
On
e
s
tu
d
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
o
u
tco
m
es
o
n
e
wee
k
a
f
ter
t
h
e
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
with
n
o
f
o
llo
w
-
up
[
2
9
]
.
An
o
th
e
r
s
tu
d
y
d
i
d
n
o
t
ex
p
lain
w
h
en
th
e
o
u
tco
m
es we
r
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
[
2
4
]
.
3
.
2
.
I
nte
rv
ent
io
n
t
y
pe
a
nd
d
escript
io
n
T
h
er
e
ar
e
two
s
tu
d
ies
wh
o
s
e
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
d
esig
n
is
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
-
b
ased
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
,
wh
e
r
e
th
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
u
s
es
elec
tr
o
n
ic
m
ed
ia,
s
u
ch
as
telep
h
o
n
es
an
d
lap
to
p
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
in
ter
n
et
.
On
e
s
tu
d
y
r
ep
o
r
ted
t
h
at
th
e
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
was
d
eliv
er
ed
b
o
th
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
an
d
o
v
er
th
e
p
h
o
n
e
,
d
ep
e
n
d
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
p
ar
e
n
ts
’
av
ailab
ilit
y
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
o
th
er
f
i
v
e
s
tu
d
ies
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
a
ce
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
eith
er
in
d
i
v
id
u
ally
o
r
in
g
r
o
u
p
s
[
2
8
]
–
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
-
b
ased
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
in
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
allo
wed
f
o
r
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
in
d
eliv
er
y
m
eth
o
d
s
,
ca
ter
in
g
to
th
e
d
iv
er
s
e
n
ee
d
s
an
d
s
ch
ed
u
les
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
p
o
ten
tial f
o
r
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
t
o
en
h
an
ce
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
ess
o
f
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
in
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
s
ettin
g
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
C
ar
l
s
s
o
n
et
a
l.
[
2
4
]
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
r
ea
lity
th
er
ap
y
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
f
o
r
p
ar
en
ts
o
f
ch
ild
r
en
with
ca
n
ce
r
,
wh
ich
em
p
h
asizes
th
at
ev
er
y
o
n
e
m
u
s
t
ac
ce
p
t
r
ea
lity
,
ac
ce
p
t
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
e
g
o
o
d
an
d
b
ad
th
in
g
s
th
at
h
av
e
to
d
o
with
ev
e
r
y
d
ay
life
.
T
h
e
eig
h
t
-
s
ess
io
n
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
in
v
o
lv
e
d
b
u
ild
in
g
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
with
o
th
er
s
,
id
en
tify
i
n
g
n
ee
d
s
a
n
d
th
eir
f
u
lf
illme
n
t,
ev
alu
ati
n
g
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
s
a
n
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
d
is
ea
s
e,
m
ak
in
g
c
h
o
ices
b
ased
o
n
c
o
r
r
ec
t
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
,
an
d
f
in
d
in
g
cr
ea
tiv
e
way
s
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
wh
at
o
n
e
wan
ts
a
n
d
wh
at
o
n
e
h
a
s
.
An
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
Kh
o
s
r
o
b
eig
i
et
a
l.
[
2
9
]
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
n
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
s
elf
-
co
m
p
ass
io
n
tr
ain
in
g
,
wh
ich
em
p
h
asizes h
o
w
a
p
er
s
o
n
f
o
s
ter
s
f
ee
lin
g
s
o
f
co
m
p
ass
io
n
f
o
r
o
t
h
er
s
wh
o
co
u
ld
b
e
th
em
s
elv
e
s
an
d
th
e
d
esire
to
h
elp
alle
v
iate
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
f
ac
ed
b
y
o
th
er
s
.
T
h
is
eig
h
t
-
s
ess
io
n
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
a
ctiv
ities
s
u
ch
as
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
s
elf
-
co
m
p
ass
io
n
,
b
u
ild
in
g
s
elf
-
co
m
p
ass
io
n
b
eh
a
v
io
r
,
ex
p
r
ess
in
g
it,
ap
p
ly
in
g
it,
r
o
le
-
p
lay
in
g
ab
o
u
t self
-
co
m
p
ass
io
n
,
an
d
f
in
d
in
g
an
d
o
v
er
co
m
in
g
lim
itatio
n
s
in
ap
p
ly
in
g
s
elf
-
co
m
p
ass
io
n
b
e
h
av
io
r
.
An
o
th
er
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
m
a
d
e
b
y
J
am
ali
et
a
l
.
[
3
1
]
is
p
ee
r
ed
u
c
atio
n
,
th
e
em
p
o
we
r
ed
p
ee
r
s
,
i
n
th
is
ca
s
e
m
o
th
er
s
o
f
ch
ild
r
en
with
ca
n
ce
r
wh
o
h
ad
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
u
n
d
er
g
o
n
e
th
e
t
r
ea
tm
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
p
ee
r
m
o
th
er
s
wer
e
f
ir
s
t tr
ain
ed
b
y
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
o
n
wh
at
th
ey
s
h
o
u
ld
d
o
as e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
,
an
d
th
en
th
e
p
ee
r
s
in
ter
ac
ted
with
all
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
i
n
f
o
u
r
s
ess
io
n
s
wh
er
e
th
e
y
tau
g
h
t
a
n
d
s
h
ar
ed
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
o
n
h
o
w
to
u
s
e
in
ter
n
al
a
n
d
e
x
ter
n
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
h
o
w
to
b
u
ild
r
esil
ien
ce
,
an
d
h
o
w
to
r
e
d
u
ce
s
tr
ess
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
v
ed
t
o
b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
p
r
ac
tical
an
d
em
o
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
to
f
am
ilies
f
ac
in
g
s
im
ilar
ch
allen
g
es.
T
h
e
p
ee
r
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
m
o
d
el
also
h
elp
e
d
cr
ea
te
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
ity
a
n
d
s
o
lid
ar
ity
am
o
n
g
th
e
f
am
ili
es.
A
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
Kab
o
u
d
i
et
a
l.
[
3
0
]
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
r
esil
ien
ce
tr
ain
in
g
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
c
o
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
n
in
e
s
ess
io
n
s
.
All
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
wer
e
g
iv
en
t
r
ain
in
g
o
n
h
o
w
to
b
ec
o
m
e
r
esil
ien
t,
wh
er
e
th
ey
wer
e
g
iv
e
n
m
ater
ial
o
n
th
e
c
o
n
ce
p
t
o
f
r
esil
ien
ce
,
h
o
w
t
o
b
ec
o
m
e
r
esil
ien
t,
an
d
h
o
w
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
to
b
ec
o
m
e
r
esil
ien
t.
An
o
th
er
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
with
a
s
im
ilar
s
et
o
f
r
esil
ien
ce
m
ater
ials
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
Ho
s
ein
za
d
eh
et
a
l.
[
2
8
]
was
r
esil
ien
ce
-
b
ased
g
r
o
u
p
th
er
a
p
y
,
in
wh
ich
th
e
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
was
tailo
r
ed
to
r
esil
ien
ce
d
escr
ib
ed
in
th
r
ee
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
,
n
am
ely
a
n
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
r
esil
ien
ce
an
d
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
r
esil
ien
t
p
eo
p
le,
in
ter
n
al
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
f
ac
t
o
r
s
,
an
d
an
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
way
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
r
esil
ien
ce
.
T
h
e
ac
tiv
it
y
was p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
s
ix
s
ess
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
R
o
s
en
b
er
g
et
a
l.
[
2
7
]
is
th
e
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
r
esil
ien
ce
in
s
tr
ess
m
an
ag
em
en
t
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
f
o
r
p
ar
en
ts
o
f
ch
i
ld
r
en
with
ca
n
ce
r
(
PR
I
SM
-
P)
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
,
a
p
r
ev
e
n
tativ
e,
s
k
ills
-
b
ased
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
th
at
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
f
o
u
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
as
k
ey
r
esil
ien
ce
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
tr
ess
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
g
o
al
-
s
ettin
g
s
k
i
lls
with
"SM
AR
T
"
cr
iter
ia
(
s
p
ec
if
ic,
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le,
ac
tio
n
a
b
le,
r
ea
lis
tic,
an
d
tim
e
-
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t)
,
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
r
ef
r
am
in
g
,
an
d
b
en
ef
it
d
is
co
v
er
y
,
in
clu
d
in
g
ex
er
cises
to
id
en
tify
g
r
atitu
d
e,
m
ea
n
in
g
,
an
d
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
d
esp
ite
ad
v
er
s
ity
.
An
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
u
s
e
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
-
b
ased
in
ter
v
en
ti
o
n
.
I
n
ter
n
et
-
b
ased
f
am
ily
r
esil
ien
ce
-
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
is
an
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
to
p
ar
e
n
ts
o
f
ch
ild
r
e
n
wit
h
ca
n
ce
r
co
n
d
u
cte
d
by
No
v
r
ian
d
a
et
a
l
.
[
2
6
]
wh
er
e
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
f
o
u
r
s
ess
io
n
s
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
f
a
m
ily
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
b
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
ei
r
r
esil
ien
ce
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
tr
e
e
o
f
life
ac
tiv
ities
to
ex
p
r
ess
th
eir
th
o
u
g
h
ts
a
n
d
f
ee
lin
g
s
wh
en
h
a
v
in
g
a
ch
ild
with
ca
n
ce
r
an
d
also
to
s
h
ar
e
ab
o
u
t
th
eir
d
if
f
icu
lties
,
th
en
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
ec
o
lo
g
ical
m
ap
ac
tiv
ities
to
d
escr
ib
e
wh
at
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
th
ey
h
av
e
a
n
d
I
-
m
ess
ag
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
as
a
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
o
o
s
ter
to
tr
ain
ea
ch
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
to
e
x
p
r
e
s
s
th
eir
th
o
u
g
h
ts
an
d
f
ee
lin
g
s
.
An
o
th
er
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
is
th
e
m
o
b
ile
d
ev
ice
-
b
ased
r
esil
ien
ce
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
L
u
o
et
a
l.
[
2
5
]
wh
er
e
th
is
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
u
s
es
th
e
W
eCh
at
ap
p
licatio
n
in
s
talled
o
n
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t'
s
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e
an
d
th
en
s
en
d
s
twee
ts
eig
h
t
tim
es
(
o
n
ce
a
wee
k
)
co
n
tain
in
g
th
e
I
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
s
k
ills
,
ch
ar
ac
ter
s
tr
en
g
th
tr
ain
i
n
g
,
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
s
tr
ateg
y
,
p
a
r
en
t
-
ch
ild
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
g
r
atitu
d
e
p
r
ac
tice,
an
d
s
u
m
m
ar
y
.
3
.
3
.
E
f
f
ec
t
i
v
eness
o
f
t
he
i
nte
rv
ent
io
n o
n
o
utc
o
m
es
All
s
tu
d
ies
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
wer
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
o
n
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
,
n
am
ely
,
r
esil
ien
ce
,
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
d
is
t
r
ess
,
d
ep
r
ess
iv
e
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
,
s
tr
ess
,
h
o
p
eless
n
ess
,
an
d
p
ar
en
ts
'
q
u
ality
o
f
life
.
I
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
co
n
d
u
cted
i
n
s
tu
d
ies
[
2
4
]
–
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
9
]
,
[
3
1
]
h
av
e
p
r
o
v
en
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
p
ar
en
tal
r
esil
ien
ce
.
I
t
ca
n
also
r
ed
u
c
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
d
is
tr
ess
[
2
4
]
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
f
a
m
ily
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
,
in
cr
ea
s
e
f
am
il
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
R
esil
ien
ce
-
b
a
s
ed
in
terven
tio
n
s
fo
r
p
a
r
en
ts
o
f c
h
ild
r
en
w
ith
c
a
n
ce
r
:
a
s
ystema
tic
r
ev
iew
(
S
u
mia
ti S
in
a
g
a
)
119
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
to
s
tr
ess
[
2
6
]
,
im
p
r
o
v
e
q
u
ality
o
f
life
,
r
e
d
u
ce
p
ar
en
tal
h
o
p
eless
n
ess
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
9
]
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
ar
en
tal
co
p
in
g
[
2
8
]
,
[
3
0
]
.
O
u
tco
m
es
co
n
tain
ed
in
all
s
tu
d
ie
s
ar
e
th
at
p
ar
en
ts
o
f
ch
ild
r
e
n
with
ca
n
ce
r
n
ee
d
to
b
e
r
esil
ien
t
an
d
ab
le
t
o
ad
ap
t
to
ch
an
g
i
n
g
s
itu
atio
n
s
s
o
th
at
ea
ch
p
ar
en
t
ca
n
ac
co
m
p
an
y
th
eir
ch
ild
r
en
d
u
r
in
g
ca
n
ce
r
tr
ea
tm
en
t a
n
d
ca
r
e
.
Var
io
u
s
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
en
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
an
d
c
o
n
d
u
cted
t
o
h
elp
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
r
esil
ien
ce
o
f
p
a
r
en
ts
o
f
ch
ild
r
e
n
with
ca
n
ce
r
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
o
p
ar
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
d
esig
n
ed
g
e
n
er
ally
aim
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
em
o
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
teac
h
co
p
i
n
g
s
k
ills
,
f
o
s
ter
s
o
cial
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
an
d
em
p
o
wer
p
ar
en
ts
t
o
ad
v
o
ca
te
f
o
r
th
eir
ch
ild
r
en
’
s
n
ee
d
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
r
ev
iewe
d
s
tu
d
ie
s
th
at
co
n
d
u
cted
r
esil
ien
ce
-
b
a
s
ed
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
in
th
e
p
ar
en
ts
o
f
c
h
ild
r
en
with
c
an
ce
r
.
R
esil
ien
ce
is
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
p
r
o
b
lem
s
th
at
a
r
is
e
with
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
tr
en
g
th
s
th
at
ca
n
p
r
o
d
u
ce
p
o
s
itiv
e
ad
ap
tatio
n
s
wh
er
e
a
p
er
s
o
n
ca
n
a
d
ju
s
t
to
ch
a
n
g
es,
f
r
e
e
th
em
s
elv
es
f
r
o
m
n
eg
ativ
e
p
r
ess
u
r
es,
an
d
av
o
id
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
tr
au
m
a.
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ac
h
iev
i
n
g
r
esil
ien
ce
,
th
er
e
is
p
ai
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
b
y
a
p
er
s
o
n
a
n
d
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
av
o
i
d
e
x
is
tin
g
s
tr
ess
o
r
s
[
3
3
]
–
[
3
5
]
.
R
esil
ien
t
in
d
iv
id
u
als
ten
d
to
s
ee
ev
er
y
th
in
g
as
a
u
s
ef
u
l
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
,
h
av
e
g
o
o
d
s
elf
-
q
u
alities
,
f
o
cu
s
o
n
s
tr
en
g
th
,
m
ak
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
cr
iticis
m
s
,
d
ev
elo
p
clo
s
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
w
ith
o
th
er
s
,
d
ev
elo
p
s
o
cial
s
k
ills
,
an
d
h
av
e
em
o
tio
n
al
awa
r
e
n
ess
.
E
v
er
y
o
n
e
ca
n
s
tr
en
g
th
en
t
h
eir
r
esil
ien
ce
,
an
d
h
a
v
in
g
g
o
o
d
r
esear
ch
ca
n
m
ak
e
a
p
er
s
o
n
h
ea
lth
ie
r
a
n
d
liv
e
a
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
life
[
3
6
]
,
[
3
7
]
.
E
v
er
y
th
in
g
we
ex
p
er
ien
ce
r
e
m
ain
s
a
p
ar
t
o
f
o
u
r
life
jo
u
r
n
ey
.
R
esil
ien
t
p
eo
p
le
ca
n
in
teg
r
at
e
th
eir
b
itter
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
with
th
em
s
elv
es.
R
esil
ien
ce
is
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
a
p
er
s
o
n
to
g
en
er
ate
g
r
ea
t
p
o
wer
b
y
f
ig
h
tin
g
a
g
r
ea
t p
r
o
b
lem
with
ex
tr
ao
r
d
i
n
ar
y
s
p
ir
it
[
2
1
]
,
[
3
8
]
,
[
3
9
]
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
f
iv
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
m
o
s
t
o
f
ten
m
ak
e
a
p
e
r
s
o
n
'
s
s
el
f
-
r
esil
ien
ce
lo
w:
th
e
im
b
alan
c
e
b
etwe
e
n
wo
r
k
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
life
,
to
o
o
f
ten
ex
p
e
r
ien
cin
g
s
tr
ess
,
h
av
i
n
g
n
o
p
lace
to
e
x
p
r
ess
n
eg
ati
v
e
f
ee
lin
g
s
,
h
a
v
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
em
b
ar
r
ass
in
g
th
in
g
s
,
an
d
s
o
cial
is
o
latio
n
[
4
0
]
.
B
u
ild
in
g
r
esil
ien
ce
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
s
tr
e
s
s
o
r
s
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
s
tr
ess
o
r
s
,
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
em
o
tio
n
al
in
tel
lig
en
ce
[
4
1
]
–
[
4
3
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
an
d
in
te
r
v
en
tio
n
s
d
esig
n
ed
to
in
c
r
ea
s
e
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
o
r
r
esil
ien
ce
s
h
o
u
ld
f
o
cu
s
o
n
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
ca
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
r
esil
ien
ce
.
B
ased
o
n
a
r
ev
iew
o
f
ex
is
tin
g
s
t
u
d
ies,
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
m
o
r
e
th
an
o
n
e
s
ess
io
n
,
an
d
in
ea
ch
s
ess
io
n
,
all
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
h
o
w
p
ar
e
n
ts
ca
n
b
ec
o
m
e
r
esil
ien
t
in
d
iv
id
u
als
wh
o
ca
n
g
et
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
ey
f
ac
e.
Alth
o
u
g
h
two
s
tu
d
ies
[
2
8
]
,
[
3
0
]
d
id
n
o
t
m
ak
e
th
e
r
esil
ien
ce
v
ar
iab
le
an
o
u
tco
m
e
b
u
t
f
o
cu
s
ed
m
o
r
e
o
n
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
p
a
r
e
n
tal
co
p
in
g
,
t
h
ese
r
esu
lts
als
o
h
ad
an
im
p
ac
t
o
n
p
ar
en
tal
r
esil
ien
ce
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
d
esig
n
in
b
o
t
h
s
tu
d
ies
also
p
r
o
v
id
ed
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
o
n
h
o
w
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
p
ar
en
tal
r
esil
ien
ce
.
An
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
,
alth
o
u
g
h
n
o
t
s
p
ec
if
ic
to
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
r
esil
ien
ce
,
also
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
h
o
w
to
m
a
k
e
p
ar
en
ts
o
f
ch
ild
r
e
n
with
ca
n
ce
r
m
o
r
e
r
esil
ien
t.
T
h
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
co
n
d
u
cted
in
s
tu
d
y
Ag
b
a
r
ia
an
d
Mo
k
h
[
4
4
]
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
i
n
g
s
k
ills
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
m
o
th
er
s
'
s
en
s
e
o
f
o
p
tim
is
m
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
Paley
an
d
Haja
l
[
4
5
]
h
ad
s
im
ilar
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
c
o
n
ten
t,
wh
er
ein
ea
ch
p
a
r
en
t
was
ta
u
g
h
t
a
b
o
u
t
s
tr
ess
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
em
o
tio
n
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
lv
in
g
.
T
h
e
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
T
o
l
et
a
l.
[
4
6
]
ad
d
ed
to
h
o
w
to
b
u
ild
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
a
n
d
em
p
o
wer
s
o
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
Oth
er
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
C
o
u
s
in
ea
u
et
a
l
.
[
4
7
]
in
clu
d
e
d
m
in
d
f
u
ln
ess
a
n
d
co
m
p
ass
io
n
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
a
r
en
tal
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
.
An
o
th
er
s
im
ilar
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
was
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
Ma
r
c
h
etti
et
a
l.
[
4
8
]
wh
ich
p
r
o
v
id
ed
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
p
r
o
b
le
m
-
s
o
lv
in
g
s
k
ills
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
r
estru
ctu
r
in
g
.
All
o
f
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies
aim
to
eq
u
ip
p
ar
en
ts
with
s
k
ill
s
to
d
ea
l
with
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
c
h
an
g
es
th
ey
f
ee
l
wh
e
n
th
eir
ch
ild
r
en
a
r
e
d
iag
n
o
s
ed
with
ca
n
ce
r
,
wh
e
r
e
with
th
e
s
k
ills
th
ey
h
av
e,
p
ar
en
ts
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
ab
le
to
ad
ap
t
to
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ex
p
er
i
en
ce
d
an
d
b
ec
o
m
e
r
esil
ien
t
[
4
9
]
,
[
5
0
]
.
I
n
lin
e
with
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
ie
w
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
Og
ez
et
a
l.
[
5
1
]
o
n
1
1
s
tu
d
ies
o
f
m
an
u
al
in
t
er
v
en
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
d
esig
n
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
ar
en
ts
o
f
c
h
ild
r
en
with
ca
n
ce
r
,
it
was
co
n
clu
d
ed
th
at
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
e
d
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
m
o
d
els
alr
ea
d
y
c
o
n
tain
ed
a
g
o
o
d
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
s
et
tar
g
eted
o
u
tco
m
es,
an
d
ex
p
lain
e
d
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
u
r
th
er
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
is
n
ee
d
ed
,
s
u
c
h
as
m
o
d
if
y
in
g
ex
is
tin
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
with
o
th
er
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
d
ee
m
e
d
n
ec
ess
ar
y
an
d
ap
p
licab
le.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
it
is
also
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
co
n
s
id
er
cu
ltu
r
al
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
,
s
o
it
is
h
o
p
ed
th
a
t
f
u
tu
r
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
will
f
o
cu
s
o
n
h
o
w
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
c
u
ltu
r
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
th
e
p
a
r
en
ts
wh
o
n
ee
d
it.
B
ased
o
n
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
o
f
th
ese
eig
h
t
s
tu
d
ies,
with
in
ea
ch
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
c
o
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
s
ess
io
n
s
,
all
s
tu
d
ies
u
s
ed
p
s
y
ch
o
ed
u
ca
tio
n
as
p
a
r
t
o
f
th
eir
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
t
o
r
e
d
u
ce
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
i
n
p
ar
en
ts
.
Pro
v
i
d
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ca
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
r
esil
ien
ce
b
ec
au
s
e,
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
ad
e
q
u
ate
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
a
p
er
s
o
n
'
s
an
x
iety
will
b
e
m
o
r
e
m
an
a
g
e
ab
le,
an
d
th
e
y
ar
e
m
o
r
e
lik
el
y
to
m
ak
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
[
5
2
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
o
u
t
o
f
eig
h
t
s
tu
d
ies,
o
n
ly
two
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
elate
d
to
ca
n
ce
r
an
d
its
tr
ea
tm
en
t; th
e
o
th
er
s
tu
d
ies f
o
cu
s
ed
m
o
r
e
o
n
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
o
n
h
o
w
to
b
u
ild
r
esil
ien
ce
.
Pro
v
id
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
ca
n
ce
r
an
d
its
tr
ea
tm
en
t
will
m
ak
e
p
ar
en
ts
m
o
r
e
co
n
f
i
d
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
ac
co
m
p
an
y
in
g
an
d
c
ar
in
g
f
o
r
th
eir
c
h
ild
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
c
o
r
n
er
s
to
n
es
o
f
th
e
ca
n
ce
r
-
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
ca
r
e
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
[
5
3
]
,
[
5
4
]
.
R
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
T
a
n
et
a
l.
[
5
5
]
s
h
o
ws
th
at
p
a
r
en
ts
o
f
ch
ild
r
en
with
ca
n
ce
r
h
av
e
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
n
ee
d
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
d
is
ea
s
e,
th
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
h
o
w
to
ca
r
e
f
o
r
th
eir
ch
ild
,
p
r
ac
tical
r
eso
u
r
ce
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
an
d
co
p
i
n
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
2
5
:
1
14
-
1
25
120
T
h
e
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
d
esig
n
e
d
i
n
all
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
ies
in
clu
d
e
d
in
th
is
s
y
s
tem
atic
r
ev
iew
also
u
s
ed
co
g
n
itiv
e
b
eh
av
i
o
r
al
th
e
r
ap
y
(
C
B
T
)
-
b
ased
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
wh
e
r
e
th
e
co
n
te
n
t
o
f
ea
ch
in
ter
v
en
ti
o
n
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
h
o
w
to
m
ak
e
p
a
r
en
ts
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
th
ey
ar
e
f
ac
in
g
,
th
en
p
a
r
en
ts
ar
e
tau
g
h
t
to
b
u
ild
p
o
s
itiv
e
m
in
d
s
ets
an
d
r
esp
o
n
d
to
th
eir
p
r
o
b
lem
s
b
y
m
ax
im
izin
g
t
h
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
th
ey
h
av
e.
I
n
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
u
s
in
g
a
CBT
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ca
n
h
elp
a
p
e
r
s
o
n
b
u
ild
r
esil
ien
ce
b
y
id
en
tify
i
n
g
th
e
s
tr
e
n
g
th
s
to
l
o
o
k
f
o
r
,
b
u
ild
in
g
a
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
esil
ien
ce
m
o
d
el,
an
d
a
p
p
ly
in
g
p
er
s
o
n
a
l
r
esil
ien
ce
to
ev
er
y
d
if
f
icu
lt
s
itu
atio
n
f
ac
ed
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
a
p
er
s
o
n
m
u
s
t
co
n
tin
u
e
to
p
r
ac
tice
s
elf
-
r
esil
ien
ce
.
T
h
e
t
im
e
i
t
t
ak
es
f
o
r
a
n
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
al
t
o
b
e
co
m
e
r
esil
ie
n
t
v
a
r
ies
wi
d
e
ly
a
n
d
is
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
s
ev
e
r
al
v
a
r
i
ab
les
s
u
c
h
as
t
h
e
le
v
el
o
f
ad
v
er
s
i
t
y
,
in
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
t
r
ai
ts
,
a
cc
ess
ib
le
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
t
h
e
e
f
f
ici
en
c
y
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
n
et
wo
r
k
s
.
R
es
ili
en
ce
is
n
o
t
a
s
ta
tic
q
u
ali
ty
,
b
u
t
a
d
y
n
am
ic
p
r
o
c
ess
th
at
c
h
a
n
g
es
o
v
er
t
i
m
e
.
R
esil
i
en
ce
m
a
y
em
e
r
g
e
q
u
i
ck
ly
i
n
s
o
m
e
p
e
o
p
l
e
i
n
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
t
o
a
p
ar
tic
u
l
ar
a
d
v
e
r
s
it
y
,
w
h
e
r
e
as
i
n
o
t
h
e
r
s
,
it
m
a
y
t
ak
e
l
o
n
g
e
r
o
r
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
c
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
h
a
r
d
w
o
r
k
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
V
ar
i
o
u
s
ev
en
ts
,
c
o
p
i
n
g
m
e
ch
a
n
is
m
s
,
a
n
d
t
r
ea
tm
en
ts
ca
n
f
o
s
t
e
r
a
n
d
s
tr
e
n
g
t
h
e
n
r
esil
i
e
n
ce
[
3
5
]
.
B
as
ed
o
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
ess
i
o
n
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
t
er
v
en
ti
o
n
,
a
ll
s
t
u
d
ies
r
e
v
ie
we
d
h
a
d
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
t
h
r
ee
s
ess
i
o
n
s
wit
h
a
n
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
d
u
r
a
ti
o
n
o
f
6
0
-
9
0
m
i
n
u
tes
p
e
r
s
ess
i
o
n
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p
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it
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h
is
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n
f
i
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m
s
th
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b
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f
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ce
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er
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et
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ase
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el
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a
ll
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le
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h
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p
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o
b
le
m
s
f
ac
ed
b
y
p
ar
t
ici
p
an
ts
[
5
6
]
,
w
h
il
e
t
h
e
a
d
v
a
n
ta
g
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o
f
f
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ce
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ar
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ca
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ati
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l
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o
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ti
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s
a
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e
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q
u
all
y
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
[
5
6
]
.
R
esil
ien
ce
-
b
ased
in
ter
v
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s
p
r
o
v
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d
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wh
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e
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t
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o
t
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n
ly
p
ar
en
ts
b
u
t
also
ch
ild
r
en
an
d
th
eir
f
am
ilies
[
5
7
]
.
T
h
ese
in
ter
v
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tio
n
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im
p
r
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v
e
m
en
tal
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il
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a
n
d
u
ltima
tely
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m
p
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ce
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t
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ce
s
,
an
d
co
p
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n
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
[
5
8
]
.
Fo
r
f
am
ilies
f
ac
in
g
p
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iatr
ic
ca
n
ce
r
,
in
v
esti
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th
at
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ar
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ec
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m
e
m
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s
o
cial
ca
r
e
[
5
9
]
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Mo
s
t
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
in
cr
ea
s
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im
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o
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n
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all
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ter
n
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ased
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d
m
ix
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d
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ter
v
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AP
P
E
NDI
X
T
ab
le
2
.
R
esu
lts
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u
m
m
ar
y
A
u
t
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t
u
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Sam
p
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t
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Imp
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s
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t
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mes
a
n
d
fo
l
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w
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up
O
u
t
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me
s
[2
6
]
In
d
o
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a
T
h
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i
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t
ern
et
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b
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Pare
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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8
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6
R
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b
a
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terven
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s
fo
r
p
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r
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f c
h
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en
w
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:
a
s
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r
ev
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(
S
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mia
ti S
in
a
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)
121
T
a
b
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2
.
Re
s
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l
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s
s
u
mma
ry
(
c
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ed
)
A
u
t
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co
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In
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t
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s
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Sam
p
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a
t
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ra
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s
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a
n
d
fo
l
l
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w
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up
O
u
t
co
me
s
[2
9
]
I
ra
n
Sel
f
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r
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T
h
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Co
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-
D
a
v
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(CD
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RIS
C)
t
o
mea
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l
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c
e
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▪
T
h
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Bec
k
H
o
p
el
es
s
n
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ca
l
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(B
H
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t
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N
o
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x
p
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fo
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l
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-
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=
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el
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.
[2
4
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I
ra
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Real
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era
p
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q
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a
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K
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<
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1
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.
[2
5
]
Ch
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T
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In
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.
[2
7
]
W
a
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T
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