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286
Me
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els
wit
h
in
th
e
p
H
r
an
g
e
o
f
3
-
1
1
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
b
etter
r
ejec
tio
n
r
ates
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
is
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
p
H
also
lead
s
to
h
ig
h
er
e
f
f
icien
cy
in
r
em
o
v
in
g
m
an
g
an
ese
(
M
n
)
a
n
d
ir
o
n
(
Fe)
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
R
O
m
em
b
r
an
es h
av
e
b
e
en
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
r
em
o
v
in
g
ir
o
n
f
r
o
m
g
r
o
u
n
d
wate
r
[
1
2
]
.
W
h
ile
b
o
th
m
em
b
r
an
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
ar
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
it
is
ess
en
tial
to
also
tak
e
in
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
co
ag
u
lan
ts
.
T
h
ese
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
s
er
v
e
to
elim
in
ate
a
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
d
an
g
er
o
u
s
m
ater
ials
,
s
u
ch
as
o
r
g
an
ic
m
atter
a
n
d
p
ath
o
g
e
n
s
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
b
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
e
f
i
l
t
r
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
a
g
u
l
a
n
t
s
h
as
g
a
r
n
e
r
e
d
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
b
l
e
i
n
t
e
r
es
t
d
u
e
t
o
it
i
s
a
b
il
i
t
y
t
o
s
u
r
p
a
s
s
t
h
e
c
o
n
s
t
r
a
i
n
t
s
o
f
t
r
a
d
it
i
o
n
a
l
w
a
t
e
r
t
r
ea
tm
e
n
t
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
s
.
S
e
v
e
r
a
l
s
t
u
d
i
es
h
a
v
e
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
te
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
is
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
o
u
t
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
s
e
it
h
e
r
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
u
ti
l
i
ze
d
s
e
p
a
r
a
t
el
y
[
1
3
]
–
[
1
5
]
.
N
e
v
e
r
t
h
e
l
e
s
s
,
it
r
e
m
a
i
n
s
a
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
t
o
l
o
c
at
e
a
n
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
l
y
s
u
s
t
ai
n
a
b
l
e
c
o
a
g
u
l
a
n
t
,
a
n
d
t
h
i
s
is
a
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
t
h
at
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
s
a
tt
e
n
t
i
o
n
.
C
alciu
m
lacta
te
is
a
tr
u
s
ted
f
o
o
d
a
d
d
itiv
e
an
d
co
a
g
u
lan
t
th
at
is
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
u
tili
ze
d
to
m
a
in
tain
th
e
tex
tu
r
e
o
f
p
ick
le
d
v
eg
etab
les
[
1
3
]
,
as
well
as
p
r
ev
en
t
to
o
th
d
ec
ay
in
s
u
g
ar
-
f
r
ee
f
o
o
d
s
.
I
t
i
s
also
u
til
ized
to
tr
ea
t
ca
lciu
m
d
ef
icien
cies
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
ac
id
ity
.
Prio
r
r
esear
ch
h
as
in
d
icate
d
th
at
ca
lc
iu
m
lacta
te
h
as
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
elim
in
ate
co
lo
r
ed
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
an
d
lig
n
i
n
[
1
6
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
er
e
is
a
p
au
city
o
f
r
esear
ch
o
n
its
ef
f
icac
y
as
a
co
a
g
u
lan
t
i
n
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
with
m
em
b
r
an
e
tech
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
p
u
r
if
y
in
g
p
ea
t
wate
r
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
ess
o
f
ca
lciu
m
lacta
te
as
a
co
ag
u
lan
t
in
c
o
n
ju
n
ctio
n
with
NF
an
d
R
O
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
p
r
ess
u
r
es
to
p
u
r
if
y
p
ea
t
wate
r
s
am
p
les
f
o
r
s
af
e
d
r
in
k
in
g
wate
r
.
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
m
a
y
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
ca
lciu
m
lacta
te
is
an
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
an
d
b
io
d
eg
r
a
d
ab
le
co
a
g
u
lan
t
t
h
at
ca
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
r
em
o
v
e
p
h
y
s
ical,
b
ac
t
er
io
l
o
g
i
ca
l,
an
d
ch
e
m
ical
im
p
u
r
ities
f
r
o
m
p
ea
t w
ater
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
i
s
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
wa
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
i
n
R
a
s
a
u
J
a
y
a
G
e
n
e
r
al
Ho
s
p
i
t
a
l
,
W
e
s
t
K
al
i
m
a
n
ta
n
f
r
o
m
A
p
r
i
l
to
O
c
t
o
b
e
r
2
0
2
2
.
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
d
i
d
n
o
t
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
a
n
y
e
t
h
i
c
a
l
c
l
e
a
r
a
n
c
e
a
s
i
t
d
i
d
n
o
t
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
h
u
m
a
n
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
.
P
e
a
t
w
at
er
s
a
m
p
l
es
w
e
r
e
t
a
k
e
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
a
r
e
a
.
T
h
e
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
d
a
r
e
t
h
e
k
e
y
p
a
r
a
m
et
e
r
s
i
n
d
r
i
n
k
i
n
g
w
a
t
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
,
n
a
m
e
l
y
t
o
t
al
C
o
l
i
f
o
r
m
,
E
.
c
o
l
i
,
p
H
,
t
o
t
a
l
d
i
s
s
o
l
v
e
d
s
o
l
i
d
(
T
D
S
)
,
n
e
p
h
e
l
o
m
e
t
r
ic
t
u
r
b
i
d
i
t
y
u
n
i
t
s
(
N
T
U
)
,
c
o
l
o
r
,
a
n
d
c
a
l
c
i
u
m
.
A
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
t
r
e
a
t
m
e
n
t
i
s
t
o
a
d
d
c
a
l
c
iu
m
l
a
c
t
a
t
e
c
o
a
g
u
l
a
n
t
t
o
t
h
e
NF
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
e
a
n
d
RO
w
i
t
h
3
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
es
(
4
0
P
s
i
,
6
0
P
s
i
,
a
n
d
8
0
P
s
i
)
.
T
h
e
tr
e
a
t
m
e
n
t
r
e
p
e
a
ts
3
t
i
m
e
s
e
ac
h
,
s
o
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
a
m
p
l
es
i
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
is
(
3
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
s
×
2
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
es
)
×
3
r
e
p
e
t
i
ti
o
n
s
+
2
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
=
2
0
t
es
t
s
a
m
p
l
es
.
T
h
e
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
s
et
u
p
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
d
2
t
a
n
k
s
f
o
r
p
e
a
t
w
a
t
e
r
,
2
r
e
a
c
t
o
r
s
f
o
r
c
a
l
c
i
u
m
l
a
c
t
a
t
e
m
i
x
i
n
g
,
a
m
i
c
r
o
f
i
l
t
e
r
(
c
a
r
t
r
i
d
g
e
0
.
1
μ
m
)
,
2
d
o
s
i
n
g
p
u
m
p
s
,
2
b
o
o
s
t
p
u
m
p
s
,
a
NF
u
n
i
t
,
a
n
d
R
O
.
T
h
e
NF
a
n
d
RO
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
es
’
c
a
p
a
c
it
y
i
s
2
,
0
0
0
g
a
l
l
o
n
s
p
e
r
d
a
y
(
G
PD
)
e
a
c
h
.
A
s
c
h
e
m
a
ti
c
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
s
e
t
u
p
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
Peat
wate
r
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
iv
e
r
is
p
u
m
p
ed
in
to
a
h
o
ld
in
g
tan
k
wh
ile
a
ca
lciu
m
lacta
te
s
o
lu
tio
n
i
s
in
jecte
d
u
s
in
g
a
d
o
s
in
g
p
u
m
p
.
T
h
e
d
o
s
e
o
f
ca
lciu
m
lacta
te
u
s
ed
is
0
.
8
m
g
/l
(
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
p
r
ev
io
u
s
J
ar
t
ests
)
.
Peat
wate
r
in
th
e
h
o
ld
in
g
tan
k
an
d
a
p
lace
f
o
r
c
o
ag
u
latio
n
-
f
l
o
cc
u
latio
n
an
d
s
ed
im
en
tatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
to
o
cc
u
r
.
Peat
wate
r
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
tan
k
is
p
u
m
p
ed
u
s
in
g
a
p
u
s
h
p
u
m
p
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
Mic
r
o
f
ilter
/car
tr
id
g
e
to
th
e
NF
m
em
b
r
an
e
(
m
eth
o
d
1
)
.
T
h
e
NF
p
u
m
p
u
s
ed
h
as
a
p
o
wer
o
f
3
5
0
watts,
m
o
d
el
SJ
-
6
0
,
with
a
s
u
ctio
n
p
o
wer
o
f
9
m
,
th
r
u
s
t o
f
3
8
m
,
an
d
a
m
a
x
im
u
m
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
4
2
L
/ m
in
o
r
2
.
5
m
3
/
h
o
u
r
.
T
h
e
p
r
ess
u
r
e
in
th
e
NF
m
em
b
r
an
e
is
4
0
Ps
i,
6
0
P
s
i,
an
d
8
0
Ps
i.
T
h
en
th
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
o
f
p
er
m
ea
t
e
(
clea
n
)
an
d
r
ejec
tio
n
(
waste)
wate
r
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
ca
lciu
m
lacta
te
s
o
lu
tio
n
in
jectio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
u
s
es
a
d
o
s
i
n
g
p
u
m
p
to
ca
r
r
y
wate
r
f
r
o
m
th
e
NF
m
em
b
r
an
e.
Af
ter
p
ass
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ca
lc
iu
m
lacta
te
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
th
e
tr
ea
te
d
wate
r
is
tak
en
with
a
s
am
p
le
b
o
ttle.
T
h
e
s
am
e
wo
r
k
s
tep
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
tr
ea
tm
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
RO
m
em
b
r
an
e
(
m
eth
o
d
2
)
.
R
O
p
r
ess
u
r
e:
4
0
Ps
i,
6
0
Ps
i,
an
d
8
0
Ps
i,
m
e
asu
r
ed
p
e
r
m
ea
te
(
clea
n
)
,
an
d
r
ejec
tio
n
o
r
wate
r
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
wate
r
p
u
m
p
b
o
o
s
ter
u
s
ed
f
o
r
RO
was
C
N
P
m
o
d
el,
ty
p
e
C
DL
F.2
-
1
1
,
p
o
wer
1
.
1
Kw
1
.
5
Hp
2
2
0
V
1
Ph
2
,
9
5
0
R
5
0
Hz,
ca
p
ac
ity
2
m
3
/h
o
u
r
,
an
d
d
im
en
s
io
n
f
o
r
in
-
o
u
t p
ip
e
was 1
.
2
5
in
c
h
.
All
an
aly
s
es
o
n
in
itial
s
am
p
les
an
d
p
er
m
ea
tes
wer
e
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
at
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I
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I
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b
i
d
i
t
y
u
n
i
t
s
;
3
T
C
U
=
t
r
u
e
c
o
l
o
r
u
n
i
t
s
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t
ex
am
in
ed
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
two
wate
r
tr
ea
tm
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
o
n
p
H
lev
els
at
v
ar
io
u
s
p
r
ess
u
r
es:
4
0
,
6
0
,
an
d
8
0
Ps
i.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
u
itab
le
p
H
lev
el
f
o
r
s
af
e
d
r
in
k
in
g
wate
r
was
ac
h
iev
ed
at
a
p
r
ess
u
r
e
o
f
6
0
Ps
i,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
p
H
d
r
o
p
p
e
d
to
6
.
2
at
8
0
Ps
i.
Alth
o
u
g
h
o
th
er
p
ar
am
eter
s
r
em
ain
ed
co
n
s
is
ten
t
ac
r
o
s
s
al
l
p
r
ess
u
r
es,
6
0
Ps
i
was
d
ee
m
ed
th
e
o
p
tim
al
p
r
ess
u
r
e
f
o
r
t
h
is
wate
r
tr
ea
tm
en
t
f
ac
ilit
y
.
R
esear
ch
h
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
ad
d
in
g
ca
lciu
m
lac
tate
to
p
ea
t
wate
r
ca
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
p
H
lev
el
f
r
o
m
5
.
7
8
to
an
av
er
a
g
e
o
f
6
.
1
.
W
h
ile
ca
lciu
m
lacta
te
h
as
co
ag
u
latin
g
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
,
it
o
n
ly
af
f
e
cts
wate
r
w
ith
a
p
H
b
etwe
en
5
-
7
[
1
3
]
,
an
d
o
th
e
r
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
s
tab
ilize
th
e
p
H
at
s
af
e
lev
els [
2
0
]
.
Ad
ju
s
tm
en
t
o
f
p
H
lev
els
is
cr
i
tical
as
it
af
f
ec
t
s
th
e
ac
tiv
ity
a
n
d
g
r
o
wth
o
f
m
icr
o
o
r
g
a
n
is
m
s
.
So
d
a
ash
(
Na2
C
O3
)
is
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
em
p
l
o
y
ed
to
n
e
u
tr
alize
ac
id
s
o
r
b
a
s
es.
An
ex
p
er
im
en
t
b
y
Naz
ir
et
a
l.
[
2
1
]
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
s
o
d
a
ash
elev
ated
th
e
p
H
v
alu
e
f
r
o
m
4
.
8
7
to
9
.
8
2
,
m
ak
i
n
g
it
less
co
r
r
o
s
iv
e
an
d
m
o
r
e
b
alan
ce
d
,
wh
ich
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
d
r
in
k
in
g
wate
r
.
A
d
d
itio
n
ally
,
s
o
d
a
ash
ca
n
r
e
m
o
v
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
tam
i
n
an
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
ar
s
en
ic
an
d
r
ad
iu
m
.
Desp
ite
it
i
s
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
b
en
ef
its
,
s
o
d
a
ash
ca
n
b
e
in
tr
icate
an
d
ch
allen
g
i
n
g
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
s
o
d
a
ash
ca
n
h
elp
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
wate
r
p
H,
it
i
s
im
p
o
r
tan
t
n
o
t
to
o
v
er
u
s
e
it
as
th
is
ca
n
lead
to
ex
ce
s
s
iv
ely
alk
alin
e
wate
r
[
2
2
]
.
Ad
d
it
io
n
ally
,
it
m
ay
n
o
t
b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
tr
ea
tin
g
ce
r
ta
in
ty
p
es
o
f
wate
r
co
n
tam
in
atio
n
.
T
o
f
u
lly
p
u
r
if
y
wate
r
,
o
th
e
r
tr
ea
tm
en
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
m
ay
b
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
in
c
o
n
ju
n
ctio
n
with
s
o
d
a
ash
.
A
tr
ea
tm
en
t
p
lan
t
th
at
u
tili
ze
s
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
n
an
o
f
ib
e
r
m
em
b
r
an
e
an
d
m
o
lecu
l
ar
ly
im
p
r
in
te
d
p
o
ly
m
er
s
ca
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
ad
s
o
r
b
en
t
d
o
s
ag
e
an
d
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
p
e
at
wate
r
p
H
f
r
o
m
2
to
1
0
[
2
3
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
wh
ile
th
e
co
lo
r
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
in
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
wate
r
f
r
o
m
in
itial,
NF,
an
d
R
O
tr
ea
tm
en
t
s
was
s
im
ilar
,
th
e
NF
o
u
tlet
s
till
ex
ce
ed
ed
th
e
p
er
m
itted
li
m
its
.
W
h
en
co
m
b
in
ed
with
c
alciu
m
lacta
te
as
a
co
ag
u
lan
t,
R
O
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
s
lig
h
tly
b
etter
r
esu
lts
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
m
em
b
r
an
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
wer
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
in
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
p
ea
t
wate
r
in
ter
m
s
o
f
b
io
lo
g
ical
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
an
d
o
r
g
a
n
ic
m
atter
,
wh
ile
c
o
lo
r
was
b
etter
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
R
O.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
lo
r
was
v
is
u
ally
s
im
ilar
b
etwe
en
NF
an
d
R
O,
as
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
h
o
ws
h
ig
h
e
r
T
C
U
f
r
o
m
th
e
NF
o
u
tlet
th
an
R
O.
At
a
p
r
ess
u
r
e
o
f
4
0
Ps
i,
th
e
co
lo
r
m
et
th
e
allo
wab
le
lim
it
s
[
2
4
]
.
Desp
ite
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
R
O,
Haf
iz
et
a
l
.
[
2
5
]
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
ce
r
tain
p
a
r
a
m
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
T
DS,
co
n
d
u
c
tiv
ity
,
an
d
c
h
lo
r
id
e
,
s
o
d
iu
m
,
an
d
ca
lciu
m
co
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
s
s
till
ex
ce
ed
ed
allo
wab
le
lim
its
f
o
r
th
is
m
eth
o
d
alo
n
e.
W
h
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
o
th
er
alter
n
ativ
es,
th
e
NF
an
d
O3
-
b
ased
o
x
id
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
r
o
v
e
d
to
b
e
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
b
est
tr
ea
tm
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
co
lo
r
r
em
o
v
al.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
in
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
th
e
co
ag
u
latio
n
u
s
in
g
ca
lciu
m
lacta
te
h
ad
an
im
p
ac
t
o
n
r
ed
u
cin
g
co
lo
r
in
ten
s
ity
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
also
d
is
co
v
er
e
d
th
at
th
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
NF
o
r
R
O
m
em
b
r
an
e
a
n
d
ca
lciu
m
l
ac
tate
is
a
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
co
a
g
u
lan
t
-
f
l
o
cc
u
la
n
t
f
o
r
r
em
o
v
in
g
s
u
s
p
e
n
d
ed
s
ed
im
en
ts
f
r
o
m
wate
r
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
NF
an
d
ca
lciu
m
lacta
te
elim
in
ated
T
DS
an
d
tu
r
b
id
ity
at
an
av
e
r
ag
e
o
f
8
8
.
8
9
%
a
n
d
8
2
.
5
%,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
wh
ile
t
h
e
R
O
m
em
b
r
an
e
ac
h
iev
ed
9
0
.
8
6
%
an
d
8
6
%.
B
o
th
m
em
b
r
an
e
m
eth
o
d
s
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
af
ter
ad
d
in
g
ca
lciu
m
lacta
te,
as
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
a
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
with
a
co
lo
r
r
em
o
v
al
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
3
2
%
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
p
H
f
r
o
m
7
.
9
5
t
o
8
.
0
5
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
0
6
E
ffica
cy
o
f c
a
lciu
m
la
cta
te
a
s
a
b
io
d
e
g
r
a
d
a
b
le
co
a
g
u
la
n
t f
o
r
p
ea
t wa
ter
…
(
A
s
ma
d
i
)
289
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Vis
u
aliza
tio
n
o
f
p
ea
t
wate
r
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
a
f
ter
tr
ea
tm
en
t a
)
p
ea
t w
ater
p
r
e
-
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t
,
b
)
p
o
s
t c
alciu
m
lacta
te+
RO
,
c)
p
o
s
t c
alciu
m
lacta
te+
NF
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t
s
etu
p
d
i
d
n
o
t
p
r
esen
t
a
n
y
is
s
u
es
with
b
ac
ter
io
lo
g
ical
p
a
r
am
eter
s
.
Ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
T
ab
le
3
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
o
th
m
e
m
b
r
an
es
with
ca
lciu
m
lacta
te
r
esu
lted
in
a
1
0
0
%
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
E
.
co
li
an
d
to
tal
co
lifo
r
m
.
T
h
is
is
o
f
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
s
in
ce
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
m
et
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
r
eq
u
ir
ed
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
o
r
d
r
in
k
in
g
wate
r
.
NF
an
d
R
O
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
ly
em
p
l
o
y
ed
t
o
elim
in
ate
p
ath
o
g
en
s
:
o
r
g
a
n
ic
an
d
in
o
r
g
an
i
c
co
n
tam
in
an
ts
f
o
u
n
d
in
d
r
i
n
k
i
n
g
wate
r
wate
r
[
2
8
]
,
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
h
ig
h
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
s
p
ec
if
ically
6
0
Ps
i,
was
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
d
e
co
n
tam
in
atin
g
f
ee
d
wate
r
with
h
ig
h
o
s
m
o
tic
p
r
ess
u
r
e
ca
u
s
e
d
b
y
a
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
s
o
lu
b
le
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
.
W
h
il
e
c
al
ciu
m
lac
ta
te
i
s
a
p
o
ten
ti
al
co
ag
u
l
an
t
,
i
t
s
ti
ll
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
co
m
b
in
ed
wi
th
ad
v
an
ce
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
s
u
ch
a
s
m
em
b
r
a
n
e
m
e
th
o
d
s
,
R
O,
an
d
NF
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
af
e
d
r
in
k
in
g
wa
ter
.
A
lth
o
u
g
h
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
co
m
b
in
a
tio
n
wi
th
R
O
wa
s
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ic
ien
t
in
r
em
o
v
in
g
co
lo
r
in
t
en
s
i
ty
,
i
t
m
ay
b
e
m
o
r
e
ex
p
en
s
i
v
e
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
o
r
e
en
er
g
y
.
I
n
co
n
tr
a
s
t,
th
e
N
F
m
em
b
r
an
e
i
s
m
o
r
e
s
u
s
t
ain
ab
l
e
an
d
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
s
i
n
ce
i
t
co
n
s
u
m
es
l
e
s
s
e
n
er
g
y
an
d
in
cu
r
s
f
ew
er
p
o
s
t
-
t
r
ea
tm
en
t
ex
p
en
s
e
s
.
H
o
wev
er
,
ac
h
iev
in
g
s
u
p
e
r
io
r
r
e
s
u
l
ts
f
o
r
co
lo
r
r
em
o
v
al
w
ith
th
e
N
F
m
em
b
r
an
e
m
ay
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
o
r
e
ad
v
an
c
ed
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
s
u
ch
a
s
o
x
id
a
tio
n
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
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v
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a
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in
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with
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d
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wev
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ted
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o
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t
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to
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m
et
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elp
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in
im
iz
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f
r
o
m
t
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m
em
b
r
an
e
’
s
in
f
lu
en
ce
.
Seco
n
d
ly
,
s
in
ce
th
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lan
t
m
ay
p
ass
th
r
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u
g
h
th
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f
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p
r
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s
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is
im
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o
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t
to
m
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r
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th
e
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t
p
u
t
’
s
ca
lciu
m
lacta
te
d
o
s
ag
e.
T
h
is
will
en
ab
le
u
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
if
th
e
d
o
s
ag
e
is
s
till
s
af
e
f
o
r
d
r
in
k
i
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g
.
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astl
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,
a
m
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co
m
p
r
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h
en
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s
tu
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b
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m
ea
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m
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ly
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d
p
ar
am
eter
s
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t,
s
u
c
h
as ir
o
n
(
Fe)
an
d
o
th
er
o
r
g
a
n
ic
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
s
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
ca
lciu
m
lacta
te
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
f
o
r
s
tab
ilizin
g
th
e
p
H
lev
el
an
d
s
u
s
p
en
d
e
d
p
ar
ticles
o
f
p
ea
t
wate
r
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
tr
ea
tin
g
p
ea
t
wate
r
is
a
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
ca
lciu
m
lacta
te
an
d
R
O
r
ath
er
th
an
NF
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
R
O
ca
n
b
e
m
o
r
e
co
s
tly
an
d
en
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y
-
in
ten
s
iv
e,
it
r
em
ain
s
th
e
o
p
tim
al
ch
o
ice.
As
s
u
ch
,
it
wo
u
ld
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e
a
d
v
an
tag
e
o
u
s
to
d
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elo
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a
c
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t
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p
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t
th
at
m
ax
im
izes
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e
u
s
e
o
f
m
em
b
r
a
n
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
ac
h
i
ev
e
th
e
b
est p
o
s
s
ib
le
o
u
tc
o
m
e
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
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D
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[
3
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D
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c
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4
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M
.
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[
5
]
M
.
I
ssao
u
i
,
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.
Je
l
l
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A
.
A
.
Z
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a
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.
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,
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e
m
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6
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S
.
Jeo
n
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,
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.
N
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.
Le
i
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.
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sw
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.
A
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.
,
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8
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.
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.
,
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.
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[
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Y.
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.
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,
L.
Y
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o
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.
Ti
a
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m
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g
m
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c
o
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.
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