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ee
ce
[
1
4
]
,
T
u
r
k
e
y
[
1
5
]
,
Sp
ain
[
1
6
]
,
th
e
C
ze
ch
R
ep
u
b
lic
[
1
7
]
,
an
d
C
h
in
a
[
1
8
]
.
I
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
s
p
ec
if
ic
ad
ap
tatio
n
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
ad
e
f
o
r
d
en
tal
s
tu
d
en
ts
b
y
W
ar
d
h
an
y
et
a
l.
[
1
9
]
an
d
f
o
r
s
cien
ce
s
tu
d
en
ts
b
y
Ain
i
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
wh
ile
in
f
o
r
m
ativ
e,
th
ese
ad
ap
tatio
n
s
h
av
e
y
et
to
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
ely
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
SMQI
I
,
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
in
th
e
c
o
n
tex
t o
f
th
e
R
asch
m
o
d
el
an
d
L
ik
er
t scale
f
u
n
cti
o
n
ality
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
ad
a
p
tatio
n
o
f
SMQI
I
in
s
p
ec
if
ic
ac
ad
em
ic
d
is
cip
lin
es
lik
e
Ph
y
s
ics
r
em
ain
s
lim
ited
,
u
n
lik
e
its
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
Ma
t
h
em
atics
[
1
0
]
,
C
h
em
is
tr
y
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
,
an
d
B
io
lo
g
y
[
1
7
]
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Fio
r
ella
et
a
l.
[
1
0
]
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
d
SMQI
I
in
to
th
e
m
ath
em
atics
m
o
tiv
atio
n
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
(
MM
Q)
,
wh
ile
Salta
an
d
Ko
u
l
o
u
g
lio
tis
[
1
4
]
a
n
d
Din
d
ar
an
d
Geb
an
[
1
5
]
d
ev
e
lo
p
ed
c
h
em
is
tr
y
-
f
o
c
u
s
ed
v
e
r
s
io
n
s
.
J
an
š
to
v
á
an
d
Šo
r
g
o
[
1
7
]
s
tr
ea
m
lin
ed
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
SMQ
in
to
a
m
o
r
e
co
n
cise
1
4
-
item
b
io
lo
g
y
m
o
tiv
atio
n
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
(
B
MQ
)
.
Dr
awin
g
f
r
o
m
th
ese
a
d
ap
tatio
n
s
,
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
tailo
r
in
g
th
e
B
MQ
f
o
r
th
e
f
ield
o
f
Ph
y
s
ics.
Giv
en
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
o
f
s
h
o
r
ter
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es,
s
u
ch
as
h
ig
h
er
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
r
ates
[
1
7
]
,
we
aim
to
b
alan
ce
b
r
ev
ity
with
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
en
e
s
s
.
W
h
ile
clas
s
ical
te
s
t
th
eo
r
y
,
u
s
ed
b
y
J
an
š
to
v
á
an
d
Šo
r
g
o
[
1
7
]
,
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
o
m
e
in
s
ig
h
t,
it
f
alls
s
h
o
r
t
in
r
e
p
o
r
tin
g
d
etailed
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
s
u
ch
as
item
-
lev
el
r
eliab
ilit
y
a
n
d
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
g
ap
s
,
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
e
m
p
lo
y
s
th
e
R
asch
m
o
d
el
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
o
r
e
n
u
an
ce
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
p
s
y
c
h
o
m
etr
ic
q
u
alities
o
f
m
o
tiv
ati
o
n
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es in
Ph
y
s
ics,
th
u
s
b
u
ild
in
g
u
p
o
n
an
d
ex
p
a
n
d
in
g
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
liter
a
tu
r
e.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
u
r
v
ey
-
q
u
an
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
ad
h
er
es
to
th
e
g
u
id
elin
es
f
o
r
th
e
R
asch
m
o
d
el,
wh
ich
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
a
s
am
p
le
s
ize
b
etwe
en
5
0
an
d
2
5
0
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
is
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
ac
h
iev
in
g
a
well
-
f
itti
n
g
m
o
d
el
[
2
1
]
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
d
ata
s
tab
ilit
y
with
an
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
0
.
5
lo
g
its
at
a
9
5
% c
o
n
f
id
en
ce
le
v
el,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
r
ec
r
u
ited
1
0
7
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
f
r
o
m
s
tate
s
en
io
r
h
ig
h
an
d
v
o
c
atio
n
al
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
with
a
g
en
d
er
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
6
6
m
ales
(
6
1
.
7
%)
an
d
4
1
f
e
m
ales
(
3
8
.
3
%).
W
e
ex
clu
d
ed
two
s
tu
d
en
ts
(
1
.
8
%)
with
ex
tr
em
e
s
co
r
es
to
p
r
eser
v
e
th
e
s
tatis
ti
ca
l
v
alid
ity
o
f
o
u
r
f
in
d
in
g
s
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
ics
m
o
tiv
atio
n
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
(
PMQ
)
was
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
ad
ap
te
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
B
MQ
[
1
7
]
,
u
n
d
er
g
o
in
g
a
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
f
o
r
wa
r
d
-
b
ac
k
war
d
tr
a
n
s
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
y
an
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
d
E
n
g
lis
h
l
ec
tu
r
er
s
p
ec
ializin
g
in
ap
p
lied
lin
g
u
is
tics
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
b
io
lo
g
ical
ter
m
i
n
o
lo
g
y
w
as
ca
r
ef
u
lly
co
n
tex
t
u
alize
d
i
n
to
th
e
d
o
m
ain
o
f
p
h
y
s
ics,
en
s
u
r
in
g
co
n
ten
t r
ele
v
an
ce
f
o
r
th
e
tar
g
et
d
e
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic.
T
h
e
ad
ap
te
d
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t'
s
r
ea
d
ab
ilit
y
was th
en
v
alid
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
p
ilo
t
test
with
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
PMQ'
s
m
o
tiv
atio
n
al
s
ca
le
co
m
p
r
is
es
1
4
item
s
ac
r
o
s
s
th
r
ee
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
-
m
o
ti
v
a
tio
n
(
M
o
)
,
s
el
f
-
ef
f
icac
y
(
S
E
)
,
an
d
r
es
p
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
(
R
e)
-
u
s
in
g
a
5
-
p
o
in
t
L
i
k
er
t
s
ca
le
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
Fo
r
d
ata
co
llectio
n
,
we
u
tili
ze
d
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
s
,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
a
n
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
o
n
li
n
e
s
u
r
v
ey
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
2
4
]
.
C
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
with
lo
ca
l
s
ch
o
o
l
teac
h
er
s
e
n
s
u
r
e
d
a
s
m
o
o
th
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e,
a
n
d
we
em
p
h
asized
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
th
e
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
an
d
ac
ad
em
i
c
n
o
n
-
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tial
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
eir
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
s
ec
u
r
in
g
v
o
lu
n
tar
y
a
n
d
u
n
b
ia
s
ed
r
esp
o
n
s
es.
Stu
d
en
ts
ty
p
ically
co
m
p
leted
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
e
with
in
1
5
to
2
0
m
in
u
tes.
T
h
e
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
PMQ
was
s
cr
u
tin
ized
u
s
in
g
th
e
R
asch
m
o
d
el,
with
r
aw
d
ata
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
in
M
icr
o
s
o
f
t
E
x
ce
l a
n
d
an
aly
ze
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
W
in
s
tep
s
s
o
f
twar
e
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ev
alu
ated
th
e
PMQ
’
s
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
alid
ity
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
co
n
ten
t
r
ele
v
an
ce
,
r
ep
r
esen
tat
iv
en
ess
,
an
d
tech
n
ical
q
u
ality
[
2
6
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
we
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le,
an
es
s
en
tial
f
ac
to
r
in
th
e
in
ter
p
r
etab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
PMQ
r
esu
lts
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Co
nte
nt
re
le
v
a
nce
C
o
n
ten
t
r
elev
an
ce
is
cr
itical
i
n
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
test
item
s
an
d
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
co
n
s
tr
u
ct,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
s
tu
d
en
t
m
o
tiv
atio
n
in
lear
n
i
n
g
p
h
y
s
ics.
T
o
ac
cu
r
ately
g
a
u
g
e
th
is
,
th
e
PMQ
was a
d
ap
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
well
-
estab
lis
h
ed
B
MQ
,
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
u
n
d
er
tak
e
n
b
y
J
an
š
to
v
á
an
d
Šo
r
g
o
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
is
ad
ap
tatio
n
i
n
v
o
lv
e
d
tailo
r
i
n
g
th
e
B
MQ
’
s
co
n
ten
t
to
r
ef
lect
th
e
u
n
i
q
u
e
asp
ec
ts
o
f
p
h
y
s
ics,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
r
eso
n
ates w
ith
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
ter
ests
an
d
ch
alle
n
g
es p
h
y
s
ics s
tu
d
en
ts
f
ac
e.
T
h
e
B
MQ
,
k
n
o
wn
f
o
r
its
r
o
b
u
s
t
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
u
n
d
er
wen
t
a
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
v
alid
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
u
s
in
g
a
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
s
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Ou
t
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
ig
in
al
3
0
item
s
,
1
4
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
as
f
itti
n
g
th
e
m
o
d
el
cr
iter
ia,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
PMQ
’
s
s
tr
o
n
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
P
s
yc
h
o
metric p
r
o
p
erti
es o
f in
d
o
n
esia
n
p
h
ysics
mo
tiva
tio
n
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
e
u
s
in
g
… (
Mo
h
I
r
ma
S
u
ka
r
ela
w
a
n
)
4281
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
d
o
m
ain
an
d
b
o
ls
ter
in
g
its
co
n
ten
t
r
elev
an
ce
.
T
h
is
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
ad
ap
tatio
n
af
f
ir
m
s
th
e
PMQ
’
s
u
tili
ty
in
a
s
s
es
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
t
m
o
tiv
atio
n
in
p
h
y
s
ics
an
d
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
t
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
p
r
ec
is
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
esear
ch
.
B
y
ca
p
tu
r
i
n
g
th
e
ess
en
ce
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
en
g
ag
em
en
t
in
p
h
y
s
ics,
th
e
PMQ
is
a
v
alu
ab
le
to
o
l in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
an
d
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
in
th
is
f
ield
.
3
.
2
.
Repre
s
ent
a
t
iv
eness
T
h
e
s
tr
ata
(
H)
an
d
s
ep
ar
atio
n
(
G)
in
d
ices
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
ass
ess
th
e
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
en
ess
o
f
th
e
PMQ.
T
h
ese
two
in
d
ex
es
a
r
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
I
n
t
h
is
tab
le
,
two
c
r
itical
in
d
ices,
st
r
ata
a
n
d
s
ep
ar
atio
n
,
wer
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
tal
in
ass
es
s
in
g
th
e
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
en
ess
o
f
th
e
PMQ.
T
h
ese
in
d
ices
s
h
o
wed
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
r
esu
lts
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
esig
n
ed
to
e
v
al
u
ate
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t'
s
ab
ilit
y
to
d
if
f
er
e
n
tiate
b
etwe
en
v
a
r
y
in
g
lev
els
o
f
item
d
if
f
icu
lty
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
'
ab
ilit
ies.
T
h
e
H
an
d
G
i
n
d
ices,
w
ith
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
v
alu
es
o
f
5
.
1
4
/4
.
0
9
a
n
d
3
.
6
1
/2
.
8
2
,
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
ex
ce
e
d
ed
th
e
estab
lis
h
ed
cu
t
-
o
f
f
v
alu
es
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
,
b
u
t
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
ed
th
e
PMQ'
s
n
u
an
ce
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
T
h
e
H
in
d
ex
,
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
H=
(
4
×G
+1
)
/
3
[
2
9
]
,
f
u
r
th
e
r
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
d
th
i
s
p
o
in
t.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
th
e
PMQ
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
,
with
p
er
s
o
n
an
d
item
r
eliab
ilit
y
in
d
icatin
g
a
h
ig
h
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
in
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
'
an
s
wer
s
an
d
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
t
est
item
s
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
co
m
p
lem
en
ted
b
y
a
co
n
f
id
en
ce
lev
el
o
f
8
9
%
an
d
9
3
%
f
o
r
p
er
s
o
n
a
n
d
item
s
i
ze
s
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
an
d
an
im
p
r
ess
iv
e
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
s
co
r
e
o
f
0
.
9
2
[
3
0
]
,
h
ig
h
l
ig
h
tin
g
ex
ce
llen
t i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
q
u
ality
b
etwe
en
item
s
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
PM
Q's
co
n
ten
t
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
n
e
s
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
ex
a
m
in
in
g
item
q
u
an
tity
,
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
h
ier
a
r
ch
y
,
an
d
g
ap
s
in
item
d
if
f
icu
lty
[
2
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
r
e
v
ea
ls
an
ad
e
q
u
at
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
item
s
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
d
if
f
icu
lty
lev
els,
it
also
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
a
n
o
tab
le
g
a
p
b
etwe
en
item
s
Mo
3
an
d
Mo
4
(
0
.
7
2
lo
g
it).
T
h
is
d
is
cr
ep
an
cy
war
r
an
ts
f
u
r
th
er
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
its
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
PMQ'
s
o
v
er
all
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
c
o
llectiv
ely
af
f
ir
m
t
h
e
PMQ's
s
tr
o
n
g
co
n
ten
t
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
en
ess
,
p
a
v
in
g
th
e
way
f
o
r
its
r
eliab
le
u
s
e
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
c
o
n
tex
ts
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
tu
d
en
t
m
o
tiv
atio
n
in
p
h
y
s
ics.
T
ab
le
1
.
Su
m
m
a
r
y
s
tatis
tic
o
f
PMQ
M
e
a
su
r
e
S
e
p
a
r
a
t
i
o
n
R
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
’
s α
M
e
a
n
SD
I
t
e
m
0
.
0
0
0
.
6
6
3
.
6
1
0
.
9
3
0
.
9
2
P
e
r
so
n
2
.
3
3
1
.
6
0
2
.
8
2
0
.
8
9
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
W
r
ig
h
t
m
ap
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
t le
ar
n
in
g
m
o
tiv
atio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
13
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
4
:
4
2
7
9
-
4
2
8
6
4282
3
.
3
.
T
ec
hn
ica
l
q
ua
lity
T
h
e
f
it
o
f
e
m
p
ir
ical
d
ata
to
th
e
R
asch
m
o
d
el,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
len
s
o
f
in
f
it
an
d
o
u
tf
it
m
ea
n
-
s
q
u
ar
e
(
M
n
Sq
)
v
alu
es,
is
a
p
i
v
o
tal
asp
ec
t
i
n
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
tech
n
ical
q
u
ality
o
f
t
h
e
PMQ.
W
h
ile
th
er
e
is
n
o
u
n
iv
er
s
ally
ac
ce
p
ted
s
tan
d
ar
d
f
o
r
s
tatis
tical
f
it
in
R
asch
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
[
3
1
]
,
a
M
n
Sq
v
alu
e
clo
s
e
to
1
is
g
en
er
ally
co
n
s
id
er
ed
id
ea
l,
wi
th
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
0
.
5
t
o
1
.
5
o
f
ten
c
ited
as
in
d
icativ
e
o
f
a
g
o
o
d
f
it
[
2
6
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
d
ata
in
T
ab
le
2
,
th
e
PMQ
g
en
er
ally
ad
h
er
es
to
th
is
ac
ce
p
tab
le
r
an
g
e,
with
a
n
o
tab
le
ex
ce
p
tio
n
b
ein
g
th
e
Mo
3
item
s
,
wh
ich
ex
h
i
b
it
s
lig
h
tly
elev
ated
Mn
Sq
v
alu
es,
ab
o
v
e
1
.
5
b
u
t
b
elo
w
2
.
T
h
is
d
ev
i
atio
n
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ar
e
less
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
to
th
e
M
o
3
item
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
item
's
s
en
s
itiv
ity
o
r
d
if
f
icu
lty
lev
el.
I
n
ter
esti
n
g
ly
,
d
esp
ite
th
is
h
ig
h
Mn
Sq
v
alu
e,
Mo
3
'
s
Mo
d
el
S.E
.
is
b
el
o
w
0
.
3
0
,
i
n
d
icatin
g
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
'
s
tr
o
n
g
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
item
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
ast
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
n
u
an
ce
d
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
ass
es
s
in
g
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
v
alid
it
y
an
d
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
wh
ile
Mo
3
d
ev
iates f
r
o
m
th
e
i
d
ea
l f
it,
its
im
p
ac
t o
n
o
v
er
all
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
m
ay
b
e
m
in
im
al.
I
n
s
u
m
m
ar
y
,
d
esp
ite
th
e
m
in
o
r
d
ev
iatio
n
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
th
e
Mo
3
item
s
,
th
e
PMQ
g
en
er
ally
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
ad
h
er
es
to
th
e
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
tec
h
n
ical
q
u
ality
s
et
b
y
th
e
R
asch
m
o
d
el
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
PMQ
is
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
to
o
l
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
e
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
e
asu
r
in
g
s
tu
d
en
t m
o
tiv
atio
n
in
p
h
y
s
ics
with
h
ig
h
tech
n
ical
p
r
ec
is
io
n
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
an
aly
s
is
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
PMQ's
u
tili
ty
in
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
ass
ess
m
en
ts
,
with
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
m
in
o
r
r
ef
in
em
en
ts
to
f
u
r
th
er
en
h
a
n
ce
its
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
T
ab
le
2
.
PMQ
1
4
-
item
m
o
d
el
f
it
I
t
e
m
M
e
a
su
r
e
(
Lo
g
i
t
)
M
o
d
e
l
S
.
E
(
Lo
g
i
t
)
I
n
f
i
t
O
u
t
f
i
t
M
n
S
q
Zst
d
M
n
S
q
Zst
d
M
o
1
-
0
.
4
2
0
.
1
7
1
.
0
4
0
.
3
3
1
.
1
5
1
.
0
0
M
o
2
-
0
.
4
8
0
.
1
7
1
.
0
8
0
.
6
5
1
.
0
6
0
.
4
4
M
o
3
1
.
5
9
0
.
1
5
1
.
5
6
3
.
4
4
1
.
6
2
3
.
6
5
M
o
4
0
.
8
7
0
.
1
6
0
.
6
5
-
2
.
7
5
0
.
6
4
-
2
.
8
1
M
o
5
-
0
.
1
5
0
.
1
7
0
.
8
6
-
1
.
0
4
0
.
8
4
-
1
.
1
0
M
o
6
0
.
1
4
0
.
1
7
1
.
2
1
1
.
4
6
1
.
1
6
1
.
1
1
M
o
7
0
.
4
4
0
.
1
7
1
.
2
1
1
.
4
3
1
.
1
5
1
.
0
5
S
E1
0
.
1
1
0
.
1
7
1
.
0
6
0
.
4
6
1
.
0
4
0
.
3
4
S
E2
-
0
.
5
4
0
.
1
8
1
.
0
7
0
.
5
5
1
.
1
1
0
.
7
6
S
E3
-
0
.
4
2
0
.
1
7
0
.
8
7
-
0
.
9
6
0
.
8
5
-
1
.
0
0
R
e
1
-
0
.
7
0
0
.
1
8
0
.
7
9
-
1
.
6
3
0
.
7
3
-
1
.
8
2
R
e
2
0
.
1
4
0
.
1
7
0
.
8
0
-
1
.
4
4
0
.
8
3
-
1
.
2
3
R
e
3
0
.
4
4
0
.
1
7
0
.
9
1
-
0
.
6
2
0
.
9
1
-
0
.
6
0
R
e
4
-
1
.
0
2
0
.
1
8
0
.
7
4
-
2
.
0
5
0
.
6
9
-
1
.
9
3
3
.
4
.
Str
uct
ura
l
a
s
pect
s
o
f
c
o
ns
t
ruct
v
a
lid
it
y
Un
id
im
en
s
io
n
ality
,
a
cr
u
cial
asp
ec
t
o
f
test
v
alid
ity
,
im
p
lies
th
at
an
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
ea
s
u
r
es
o
n
ly
a
s
in
g
le
u
n
d
e
r
ly
in
g
tr
ait
[
3
2
]
–
[
3
5
]
.
T
h
is
co
n
ce
p
t
is
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
ev
alu
atin
g
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
PMQ'
s
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
alid
ity
[
2
6
]
.
T
o
in
v
esti
g
ate
t
h
e
u
n
id
im
en
s
io
n
ality
o
f
th
e
PMQ,
r
esid
u
al
p
r
in
ci
p
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
an
al
y
s
is
(
PC
A
R
)
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
[
3
6
]
,
[
3
7
]
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
e
r
aw
v
a
r
ian
ce
ex
p
lain
ed
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es
in
th
e
PMQ
is
5
1
.
7
%,
co
m
f
o
r
tab
ly
s
u
r
p
ass
in
g
t
h
e
R
asch
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
th
r
esh
o
l
d
o
f
4
0
%
[
3
8
]
.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
e
in
d
icate
s
th
at
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
v
a
r
ian
ce
in
th
e
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
attr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
laten
t
tr
ait
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
b
y
th
e
PMQ,
af
f
ir
m
in
g
its
f
o
cu
s
o
n
a
s
in
g
le
co
n
s
tr
u
ct.
Ad
d
itio
n
al
ly
,
th
e
u
n
ex
p
lain
ed
v
ar
ian
ce
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
co
n
tr
ast
s
tan
d
s
at
7
.
5
%,
well
b
elo
w
th
e
1
5
%
lim
it,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
m
in
im
al
in
f
lu
en
ce
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
r
tr
aits
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
PMQ
'
s
u
n
id
im
en
s
io
n
ality
,
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
its
v
alid
ity
as
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
at
ac
cu
r
ately
tar
g
ets
o
n
e
s
p
ec
if
i
c
laten
t
tr
ait
–
s
tu
d
en
t
m
o
tiv
atio
n
in
p
h
y
s
ics.
Su
ch
a
f
o
cu
s
ed
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
PMQ
p
r
o
v
id
es
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
an
d
in
ter
p
r
etab
le
r
esu
lts
,
esp
ec
ially
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
wh
er
e
p
r
ec
is
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
m
o
tiv
atio
n
is
v
ital.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
is
e
s
s
en
tial
t
o
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
a
t
wh
ile
PC
A
R
i
s
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
u
n
id
im
en
s
io
n
ality
,
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
p
o
te
n
tial
r
ef
in
em
en
ts
to
th
e
PMQ
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
m
ain
tain
it
s
r
elev
an
ce
an
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
in
e
v
o
lv
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
lan
d
s
ca
p
es.
3
.
5
.
L
ik
er
t
ra
t
ing
s
ca
le
f
un
c
t
io
na
lity
T
o
co
m
p
lem
en
t
th
e
ass
ess
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
ten
t
asp
ec
t
o
f
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
alid
ity
with
in
th
e
PMQ,
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
o
f
its
5
-
p
o
in
t
L
i
k
er
t
r
atin
g
s
ca
le
was
s
cr
u
tin
ized
.
T
h
is
s
tep
is
cr
itical
in
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
at
th
e
f
iv
e
r
atin
g
o
p
tio
n
s
ar
e
d
is
tin
ct
an
d
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
ab
le
to
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
a
n
aly
s
is
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
th
e
v
is
u
al
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
c
u
r
v
e
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
i
n
d
icate
s
a
n
o
tab
le
d
ef
icien
c
y
in
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
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ts
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co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
th
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o
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r
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'
Dis
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.
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T
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cu
r
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e
d
id
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o
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ct
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esp
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m
ay
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if
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r
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o
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ad
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r
an
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h
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in
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e
r
en
ce
is
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8
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ely
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ich
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ies.
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h
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r
esh
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et
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2
a
n
d
L
ik
e
r
t
3
s
tan
d
s
at
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er
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3
8
l
o
g
its
,
f
al
lin
g
s
h
o
r
t
o
f
th
e
1
.
4
lo
g
its
ty
p
ically
i
n
d
icativ
e
o
f
a
clea
r
d
is
tin
ctio
n
.
A
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
l
cu
r
v
e
,
as
p
er
co
n
v
en
tio
n
[
3
5
]
,
s
h
o
u
ld
d
is
p
lay
a
p
ea
k
at
ea
ch
r
atin
g
lev
el,
s
ig
n
alin
g
a
well
-
u
n
d
e
r
s
to
o
d
a
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
u
tili
ze
d
s
ca
le.
T
h
e
im
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
PMQ
'
s
u
tili
ty
.
T
h
e
lack
o
f
a
d
is
tin
ct
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
r
atin
g
at
t
h
e
'
Dis
ag
r
ee
'
lev
el
s
u
g
g
ests
a
p
o
ten
tial
m
er
g
in
g
o
f
th
is
ca
te
g
o
r
y
with
an
o
th
e
r
t
o
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
n
u
an
ce
s
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
m
o
tiv
atio
n
b
etter
.
T
h
is
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t
co
u
ld
en
h
an
ce
th
e
P
MQ
’
s
ac
cu
r
ac
y
in
in
ter
p
r
etin
g
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
f
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
o
r
d
is
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
ex
p
r
e
s
s
ed
b
y
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
Su
ch
r
ef
in
em
en
ts
wo
u
ld
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es a
n
d
,
co
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t to
o
l.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
L
i
k
er
t r
atin
g
s
ca
le
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
c
u
r
v
e
i
n
PMQ
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Ad
ap
tin
g
th
e
PMQ
to
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
cu
ltu
r
al
co
n
te
x
t
h
as
b
ee
n
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tiv
e
en
d
ea
v
o
r
,
c
u
lm
in
atin
g
in
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
r
e
p
r
esen
tin
g
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
d
o
m
ain
ac
r
o
s
s
1
4
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
ad
ap
ted
item
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
B
MQ
.
T
h
e
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
PMQ
ar
e
ev
id
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
s
tr
ata
(
H)
an
d
s
ep
ar
atio
n
(
G
)
in
d
ices
alo
n
g
s
id
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
r
eliab
ilit
y
m
etr
ics,
af
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
test
’
s
r
e
p
r
esen
tativ
en
ess
.
Fu
r
th
er
ce
m
en
tin
g
its
tech
n
ical
m
er
it,
th
e
PMQ
’
s
in
f
it
an
d
o
u
tf
it
Mn
Sq
v
alu
es
alig
n
with
th
e
s
tr
in
g
en
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
o
f
th
e
R
asch
m
o
d
el.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
u
n
i
d
im
en
s
io
n
ality
attests
to
its
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
alid
it
y
.
No
tab
ly
,
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
with
in
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
cu
ltu
r
a
l
m
ilieu
,
a
4
-
p
o
in
t
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
is
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le
th
an
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
5
-
p
o
in
t
s
ca
le,
p
o
ten
tially
e
n
h
a
n
cin
g
t
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
’
s
s
en
s
itiv
ity
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
T
h
is
ad
ap
tatio
n
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
PMQ
’
s
ap
p
lica
b
ilit
y
an
d
r
ele
v
an
ce
f
o
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
a
v
al
u
ab
le
to
o
l
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
an
d
f
o
s
ter
in
g
m
o
tiv
atio
n
f
o
r
p
h
y
s
ics.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
b
r
id
g
es
a
cr
itical
g
ap
b
y
elu
cid
atin
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
a
m
o
tiv
atio
n
al
to
o
l
in
p
h
y
s
ics
ed
u
ca
tio
n
at
th
e
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
lev
el
,
em
p
lo
y
in
g
th
e
R
asch
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
r
i
g
o
r
o
u
s
an
al
y
s
is
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
e
s
co
p
e
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
r
esear
ch
is
am
p
le.
Fu
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
ar
e
en
co
u
r
ag
ed
to
ex
te
n
d
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
PM
Q
to
b
r
o
ad
er
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ics,
in
clu
d
in
g
ju
n
io
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
th
o
s
e
f
r
o
m
p
r
iv
ate
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
to
v
alid
ate
its
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
an
d
en
r
ich
its
cu
ltu
r
al
ad
ap
ta
b
ilit
y
.
Su
ch
en
d
ea
v
o
r
s
will
n
o
t
o
n
ly
b
r
o
a
d
en
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
’
s
a
p
p
licab
ilit
y
b
u
t
also
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
a
m
o
r
e
n
u
an
ce
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t m
o
ti
v
atio
n
in
t
h
e
d
iv
er
s
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
lan
d
s
ca
p
es o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
T.
H
a
n
d
a
y
a
n
i
,
M
.
I
.
S
u
k
a
r
e
l
a
w
a
n
,
M
.
E.
E.
M
.
M
a
t
o
r
e
,
a
n
d
M
.
F
.
S
a
i
f
u
d
d
i
n
,
“
A
d
a
p
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
p
sy
c
h
o
m
e
t
r
i
c
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
s
o
f
H
E
LA
M
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
R
a
s
c
h
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
t
h
e
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
n
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
R
e
se
a
rc
h
i
n
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
(
I
J
ERE)
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
3
6
2
–
2
3
7
3
,
D
e
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ti
o
n
,
m
e
tac
o
g
n
it
io
n
,
a
n
d
th
e
Ra
sc
h
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
irma
.
su
k
a
re
la
wa
n
@p
fis.
u
a
d
.
a
c
.
id
.
Mu
h
a
m
m
a
d
Fi
r
m
a
n
R
a
m
a
d
h
a
n
is
a
n
a
ss
istan
t
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsitas
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
iy
a
h
M
a
tara
m
(De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
P
h
y
sic
s
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
Tea
c
h
e
r
Train
i
n
g
a
n
d
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
),
M
a
tara
m
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
He
o
b
tai
n
e
d
h
is
Do
c
to
ra
l
d
e
g
re
e
in
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
c
ien
c
e
,
G
ra
d
u
a
te
S
c
h
o
o
l
,
Un
i
v
e
rsitas
Ne
g
e
ri
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta
(UN
Y)
in
2
0
2
3
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
fo
c
u
se
s o
n
p
h
y
sic
a
l
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
a
l
p
h
y
sic
s,
p
h
y
sic
s lea
rn
in
g
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
Ra
d
e
n
O
k
to
v
a
is
As
so
c
iate
P
ro
fe
ss
o
r
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsitas
Ah
m
a
d
Da
h
lan
(De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
P
h
y
sic
s
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
Tea
c
h
e
r
Train
in
g
a
n
d
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
)
,
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
fo
c
u
se
s o
n
th
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
n
u
c
lea
r
p
h
y
sic
s,
g
e
n
e
ra
l
p
h
y
sic
s,
a
n
d
p
h
y
sic
s e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
r
.
o
k
to
v
a
@p
fis.
u
a
d
.
a
c
.
id
.
J
u
m
a
d
i
is
a
P
ro
fe
ss
o
r
o
f
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
P
h
y
sic
s
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
F
a
c
u
l
ty
o
f
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
,
U
n
iv
e
rsitas
Ne
g
e
ri
Yo
g
y
a
k
a
rta.
Ju
m
a
d
i’s
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
l
ie
i
n
th
e
tea
c
h
e
r
a
n
d
tea
c
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
p
h
y
sic
s
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
h
i
g
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
2
1
st
c
e
n
t
u
ry
tea
c
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
lea
rn
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
e
-
lea
rn
in
g
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
ju
m
a
d
i
@u
n
y
.
a
c
.
id
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
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J
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v
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&
R
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13
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6
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Dec
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b
er
2
0
2
4
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4
2
7
9
-
4
2
8
6
4286
Ar
ia
ti
Din
a
Pu
spi
t
a
sa
r
i
is
a
n
a
ss
istan
t
p
r
o
fe
ss
o
r
a
t
Un
i
v
e
rsit
a
s
Ah
m
a
d
Da
h
lan
(De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
P
h
y
sic
s
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
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c
h
e
r
Trai
n
in
g
a
n
d
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
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Y
o
g
y
a
k
a
rta,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
fo
c
u
se
s
o
n
p
h
y
sic
s
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
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e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
p
h
y
sic
s.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
a
riati.
d
in
a
@p
f
is.u
a
d
.
a
c
.
id
.
To
n
i
K
u
s
Ind
r
a
t
n
o
is
a
n
a
ss
istan
t
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
a
t
Un
i
v
e
rsitas
Ah
m
a
d
Da
h
lan
(De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
P
h
y
sic
s
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
Tea
c
h
e
r
Trai
n
in
g
a
n
d
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
),
Y
o
g
y
a
k
a
rta,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
fo
c
u
se
s
o
n
p
h
y
sic
s
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
p
h
y
sic
s lea
rn
in
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
to
n
ik
u
s@
sta
ff.
u
a
d
.
a
c
.
id
.
Za
li
k
Nur
y
a
n
a
is
a
n
a
ss
istan
t
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
a
t
U
n
iv
e
rsitas
Ah
m
a
d
Da
h
lan
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
Isla
m
ic
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
d
e
p
a
rtme
n
t.
H
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
P
h
.
D
.
st
u
d
e
n
t
i
n
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
S
c
ien
c
e
,
Na
n
ji
n
g
No
rm
a
l
Un
i
v
e
rsity
Ch
i
n
a
.
His
a
re
a
s
o
f
i
n
tere
st
in
c
l
u
d
e
c
u
rricu
lu
m
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
,
tea
c
h
in
g
m
e
th
o
d
,
Isla
m
ic
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
o
n
li
n
e
lea
rn
in
g
.
Zalik
N
u
ry
a
n
a
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
z
a
li
k
.
n
u
ry
a
n
a
@p
a
i.
u
a
d
.
a
c
.
i
d
a
n
d
z
a
li
k
@a
sc
e
e
.
o
rg
;
z
a
li
k
@ie
e
e
.
o
rg
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.