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On
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n
g
wo
m
en
’
s
em
p
o
w
er
m
en
t
in
co
astal
ar
ea
s
,
as
wel
l
as
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tin
g
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
in
clu
s
iv
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
o
licies
an
d
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
g
e
n
d
er
eq
u
ality
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
in
lin
e
with
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
d
ir
ec
tio
n
d
e
s
ig
n
ed
b
y
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
C
u
ltu
r
e,
R
esear
ch
,
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
m
ain
p
r
o
b
l
em
s
th
at
ex
is
ts
in
co
astal
co
m
m
u
n
ities
an
d
co
u
ld
d
etain
th
e
em
p
o
wer
m
e
n
t
o
f
l
o
ca
l
co
m
m
u
n
ities
is
th
e
lo
w
lev
el
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
]
.
Ok
ta
v
in
an
d
a
et
a
l
.
[
2
]
m
en
tio
n
th
at
co
m
m
u
n
ities
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
m
ar
in
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ty
p
ically
d
is
p
lay
s
p
ec
if
ic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
in
clu
d
in
g
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
,
lim
it
ed
liter
ac
y
,
a
n
d
a
s
h
o
r
ta
g
e
o
f
h
u
m
an
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
s
im
ilar
is
s
u
es
f
o
u
n
d
in
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
co
u
n
tr
ies
s
u
ch
as
E
n
g
lan
d
tr
ig
g
er
s
ch
o
o
l
r
ef
o
r
m
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
an
d
m
an
y
o
t
h
er
ef
f
o
r
ts
f
o
r
em
p
o
wer
in
g
co
m
m
u
n
ities
in
clu
d
in
g
wo
m
e
n
in
co
astal a
r
ea
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ta
k
en
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
T
h
en
,
co
astal
co
m
m
u
n
ities
h
av
e
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
g
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
as
an
ar
ch
ip
elag
ic
co
u
n
tr
y
with
a
v
er
y
lo
n
g
co
astl
in
e.
No
r
t
h
Su
lawe
s
i
Pro
v
in
ce
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia
,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
h
as
a
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
wh
er
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
cities
ar
e
lo
ca
t
ed
o
n
th
e
co
astl
in
e,
s
u
ch
a
s
Ma
n
ad
o
,
B
itu
n
g
,
Am
u
r
an
g
,
an
d
L
i
k
u
p
a
n
g
.
I
f
w
e
ex
p
lo
r
e
f
u
r
th
e
r
,
th
is
p
r
o
v
in
c
e
h
as
s
ev
er
al
co
astal
d
is
tr
icts
an
d
is
lan
d
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
San
g
ih
e
T
alau
d
I
s
lan
d
s
an
d
o
th
er
is
lan
d
s
ar
o
u
n
d
B
u
n
ak
e
n
Natio
n
al
Par
k
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
is
p
r
o
v
in
ce
h
as
ab
u
n
d
a
n
t
m
ar
in
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
co
as
tal
co
m
m
u
n
ities
to
h
ar
n
ess
m
ar
in
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
wh
ich
will
h
av
e
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
y
a
n
d
liv
in
g
s
tan
d
a
r
d
s
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
co
astal
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
in
clu
d
in
g
wo
m
e
n
,
a
r
e
o
f
ten
n
eg
lecte
d
,
an
d
cr
itical
s
tu
d
ies
r
elate
d
to
th
e
em
p
o
wer
m
e
n
t o
f
wo
m
en
in
c
o
astal a
r
ea
s
ar
e
s
till
lack
in
g
.
Sev
er
al
g
u
id
elin
es
an
d
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
d
u
c
ed
s
o
f
ar
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
o
n
g
en
d
er
an
d
th
e
em
p
o
wer
m
en
t
o
f
co
astal
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
b
u
t
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
s
o
cio
-
cu
ltu
r
al
asp
ec
ts
in
E
n
g
lis
h
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ials
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
em
p
o
wer
m
en
t
o
f
co
astal
wo
m
en
ar
e
v
er
y
lim
ited
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
wh
ich
d
is
cu
s
s
es
wo
m
en
’
s
em
p
o
wer
m
e
n
t
an
d
g
e
n
d
er
e
q
u
ality
,
co
n
tain
s
o
f
th
r
ee
m
ajo
r
th
em
es:
wo
m
e
n
’
s
em
p
o
wer
m
en
t
[
7
]
–
[
9
]
;
g
e
n
d
er
eq
u
ality
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
an
d
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
wo
m
en
’
s
em
p
o
wer
m
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
s
ec
to
r
[
1
0
]
–
[
1
3
]
;
an
d
i
n
clu
s
iv
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
m
ater
ials
[
1
4
]
.
B
h
u
k
u
th
et
a
l.
[
7
]
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
en
tr
ep
r
e
n
eu
r
s
h
ip
to
em
p
o
wer
wo
m
e
n
in
E
ast
J
av
a,
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
wh
er
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
is
lim
ited
.
Similar
ly
,
Fre
i
an
d
L
e
o
win
ata
[
8
]
ex
a
m
in
e
t
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
in
wo
m
en
'
s
em
p
o
wer
m
en
t,
wh
ile
Go
n
zi
[
9
]
ex
p
lo
r
es
h
o
w
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
ag
e
teac
h
in
g
(
E
L
T
)
ca
n
em
p
o
wer
wo
m
en
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
g
en
d
er
eq
u
ality
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
th
ese
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es,
th
is
r
esear
ch
aim
s
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
h
o
w
in
s
tr
u
cti
o
n
al
m
ater
ials
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
E
n
g
lis
h
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
a
n
d
co
n
t
r
ib
u
te
to
t
h
e
em
p
o
wer
m
en
t o
f
c
o
astal wo
m
en
.
Oth
er
r
elev
an
t
wr
itin
g
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
t
o
p
ic
ar
e
r
el
ated
to
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
th
at
v
iews
lan
g
u
ag
e
teac
h
in
g
as
cl
o
s
ely
r
elate
d
t
o
cu
ltu
r
e.
Z
u
a
n
d
Ko
n
g
[
1
5
]
v
iews
cu
ltu
r
e
as a
p
ar
t o
f
h
u
m
a
n
life
,
an
d
with
in
cu
ltu
r
e,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
,
b
elief
s
,
ar
t,
m
o
r
als,
laws,
ab
ilit
ies,
an
d
h
a
b
its
p
o
s
s
ess
ed
b
y
in
d
iv
id
u
als.
C
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
cu
ltu
r
e
in
clu
d
e
b
ei
n
g
lea
r
n
ab
le,
tr
an
s
m
itted
,
tr
an
s
f
e
r
r
e
d
,
o
r
in
teg
r
ated
in
to
way
s
o
f
life
,
v
alu
es,
an
d
s
o
cial
n
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
as
p
ar
t
o
f
s
o
ciety
,
cu
ltu
r
e
is
d
y
n
am
ic
an
d
ea
s
ily
ch
an
g
es.
T
h
e
v
iew
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
s
tatem
e
n
t
th
at
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
etwe
e
n
cu
ltu
r
e
an
d
lan
g
u
ag
e
is
v
er
y
clo
s
e
u
n
d
er
lies
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
cu
ltu
r
e
-
b
ased
la
n
g
u
ag
e
teac
h
in
g
.
Kr
am
s
ch
[
1
6
]
d
ev
elo
p
s
f
u
r
th
e
r
th
is
c
o
n
ce
p
t
b
y
a
d
v
o
ca
tin
g
f
o
r
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
cu
ltu
r
e
an
d
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
b
ef
o
r
e
it c
an
b
e
ap
p
lied
in
lan
g
u
ag
e
teac
h
in
g
.
Sp
ea
k
in
g
o
f
c
u
ltu
r
e,
t
h
e
cu
ltu
r
al
co
n
ten
t
r
ef
lecte
d
in
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
ca
n
b
e
class
if
ied
in
to
‘
tar
g
e
t
cu
ltu
r
e
’,
wh
ich
is
th
e
cu
ltu
r
e
o
f
E
n
g
li
s
h
-
s
p
ea
k
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies;
‘
s
o
u
r
c
e
cu
ltu
r
e
’,
wh
ich
is
th
e
cu
lt
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
lear
n
er
s
th
em
s
elv
es;
an
d
‘
in
ter
n
atio
n
a
l
cu
ltu
r
e
’,
wh
ic
h
is
th
e
cu
lt
u
r
e
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
b
y
b
o
th
n
ativ
e
an
d
non
-
n
ativ
e
s
p
ea
k
er
s
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
R
ec
en
t
r
esear
ch
f
r
o
m
R
iad
in
i
an
d
C
ah
y
o
n
o
[
1
9
]
e
x
a
m
in
ed
th
e
c
u
ltu
r
al
co
n
ten
ts
in
E
n
g
lis
h
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
an
d
th
e
y
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
in
cl
u
s
io
n
o
f
cu
ltu
r
al
elem
e
n
ts
in
E
L
T
m
ater
ials
ca
n
b
en
ef
it
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
way
s
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
a
d
v
an
ta
g
es
is
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
ca
n
b
e
m
o
r
e
ap
p
r
ec
iativ
e
o
f
cu
ltu
r
al
d
iv
er
s
ity
.
T
h
is
s
tate
m
en
t
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
J
u
lu
r
u
[
2
0
]
w
h
o
m
e
n
tio
n
s
th
at
cu
l
tu
r
al
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
E
n
g
lis
h
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ials
is
cr
itical
an
d
b
en
e
f
icial.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ial
s
s
elec
tio
n
is
v
er
y
ess
en
tial
a
n
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
te
x
tb
o
o
k
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
ch
o
s
en
with
an
e
y
e
t
o
war
d
th
eir
r
o
le
in
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
o
r
im
p
a
r
tin
g
to
p
u
p
ils
eith
er
c
u
ltu
r
al
v
alu
es
an
d
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
s
o
f
E
n
g
lis
h
-
s
p
ea
k
in
g
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
o
r
n
o
n
-
n
ati
v
e
cu
ltu
r
e.
Yu
e
n
[
2
1
]
s
tates
th
at
if
E
n
g
lis
h
is
u
s
ed
as
a
lin
g
u
a
f
r
an
ca
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I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
R
ev
iew
in
g
co
a
s
ta
l c
u
ltu
r
e
a
n
d
tr
a
d
itio
n
s
fo
r
E
n
g
lis
h
tea
ch
in
g
ma
teri
a
ls
(
Ma
ya
P
in
ka
n
Wa
r
o
u
w
)
3789
f
o
r
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
,
th
e
cu
ltu
r
al
co
n
ten
t
s
elec
ted
to
b
e
in
clu
d
ed
in
th
e
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
o
n
ly
co
m
e
f
r
o
m
E
n
g
lis
h
-
s
p
ea
k
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
E
n
g
lis
h
teac
h
er
s
m
u
s
t
ac
t
as
m
ed
iato
r
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ials
an
d
wh
at
is
b
ein
g
tau
g
h
t [
2
2
]
,
as c
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
ev
el
o
p
er
s
wh
o
a
p
p
ly
a
s
et
o
f
s
tr
ateg
ies in
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
[
2
3
]
,
an
d
a
s
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
in
ter
ac
tin
g
with
o
t
h
er
el
em
en
ts
o
f
th
e
class
[
2
4
]
.
I
t
is
o
b
v
i
o
u
s
th
at
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
p
lay
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
r
o
le
in
s
elec
tin
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
cu
ltu
r
a
l
co
n
ten
ts
f
o
r
th
eir
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ials
.
T
h
ey
m
u
s
t
an
aly
ze
th
eir
teac
h
in
g
b
o
o
k
s
an
d
d
eter
m
in
e
wh
et
h
er
th
e
co
n
ten
ts
n
ee
d
to
b
e
m
o
d
if
ied
to
m
atch
t
h
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
eir
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
ca
n
g
ain
a
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
wh
at
th
eir
s
tu
d
en
ts
n
ee
d
b
y
lis
ten
in
g
to
th
eir
v
o
ices
an
d
o
p
in
io
n
s
.
B
y
ac
tiv
ely
en
g
ag
in
g
with
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
an
d
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
eir
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
ca
n
g
ath
er
v
alu
a
b
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
t
h
eir
n
ee
d
s
an
d
p
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
.
T
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ca
n
th
en
b
e
u
s
ed
to
m
a
k
e
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
d
ec
is
io
n
s
a
n
d
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
to
th
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
m
ater
ials
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
ee
t th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
n
ee
d
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
co
n
ten
t
o
f
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
c
o
n
tain
in
g
lo
ca
l
cu
ltu
r
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
co
astal
cu
ltu
r
e,
wh
ich
is
d
ee
m
ed
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
in
cl
u
s
io
n
i
n
teac
h
in
g
m
ate
r
ials
.
Sev
er
al
co
u
n
tr
ies,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
,
T
a
iwan
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
,
a
n
d
Au
s
tr
alia
[
2
9
]
,
v
alu
e
lear
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
n
atu
r
e,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
m
ar
itime
cu
ltu
r
e.
T
aiwa
n
,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
h
as
a
m
ar
itime
-
b
ased
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
“
s
lo
w
f
is
h
ed
u
ca
tio
n
”,
with
r
esear
ch
ex
am
in
in
g
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
g
r
am
wh
e
n
ap
p
lied
in
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ch
o
o
ls
an
d
it
i
s
im
p
ac
t
o
n
p
u
p
ils
[
2
7
]
,
[
2
8
]
.
L
ik
ewise,
r
esear
ch
in
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es
in
v
esti
g
ates
th
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
f
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
in
s
tr
u
ctin
g
in
co
astal
co
m
m
u
n
ities
[
2
5
]
,
a
s
well
as
th
e
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
m
ar
itime
cu
ltu
r
e
in
to
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
ag
e
m
ater
ials
[
2
6
]
.
I
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
co
astal
b
ased
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
esear
ch
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
in
s
ev
er
al
I
n
d
o
n
esian
r
e
g
io
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
Go
r
o
n
talo
[
3
0
]
,
[
3
1
]
,
B
o
n
e
[
3
2
]
,
B
in
tan
I
s
lan
d
[
3
3
]
,
Ace
h
[
2
]
,
B
en
g
k
u
lu
[
3
4
]
,
Me
d
a
n
[
3
5
]
,
I
n
d
r
am
a
y
u
[
3
6
]
,
L
u
w
u
[
3
7
]
,
an
d
So
u
th
ea
s
t
Su
lawe
s
i
[
3
8
]
.
As
an
ar
ch
ip
elag
ic
co
u
n
tr
y
,
m
ar
itime
r
esear
ch
is
ex
tr
em
ely
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
s
tu
d
y
asp
ec
ts
,
em
p
lo
y
in
g
d
is
tin
ct
s
tr
ateg
ies
a
n
d
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
ca
n
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t in
v
ar
io
u
s
ar
ea
s
ac
r
o
s
s
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
No
n
eth
eless
,
r
esu
lts
m
ay
d
if
f
er
d
u
e
to
th
e
u
n
iq
u
en
ess
o
f
ea
c
h
r
eg
io
n
'
s
cu
ltu
r
e,
cu
s
to
m
s
,
an
d
p
r
ac
tices.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
also
b
ein
g
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
No
r
th
Su
lawe
s
i,
wh
er
e
th
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
u
n
d
o
u
b
ted
ly
af
f
ec
t
ed
b
y
l
o
ca
l c
u
ltu
r
e.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
f
e
r
ed
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
r
elies
ar
o
u
n
d
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
c
r
itical
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
t
f
o
r
E
n
g
lis
h
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
in
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
astal
s
ettin
g
,
ad
d
in
g
b
asic
k
n
o
wled
g
e
to
an
a
r
ea
t
h
at
h
as
th
u
s
f
ar
r
ec
ei
v
e
d
litt
le
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
e
x
p
ec
te
d
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
is
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
s
o
cio
cu
ltu
r
al
co
n
te
n
t
r
elate
d
to
co
astal
s
itu
atio
n
s
in
E
L
T
m
ater
ials
.
T
h
is
e
n
h
an
ce
m
en
t
i
n
ten
d
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
b
y
e
n
co
u
r
ag
in
g
t
h
em
t
o
d
ev
elo
p
th
eir
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
ag
e
ab
ilit
ies
an
d
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
th
eir
em
p
o
wer
m
en
t.
T
h
is
k
in
d
o
f
em
p
o
wer
m
e
n
t
is
th
o
u
g
h
t
to
b
e
cr
itical
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
co
astal
co
m
m
u
n
i
ties
.
T
h
e
k
ey
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
:
“
Ho
w
ca
n
E
L
T
m
ater
ials
at
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
lev
el
b
e
ad
ap
ted
an
d
i
n
teg
r
ated
i
n
to
E
n
g
lis
h
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
ca
ter
in
g
to
th
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es o
f
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
en
t
s
f
r
o
m
co
astal r
eg
io
n
s
?
”
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
q
u
alitativ
e
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
was
ap
p
lied
in
th
is
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
.
A
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
Yin
[
3
9
]
,
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
as
a
r
esear
ch
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
th
e
c
o
m
p
lete
c
o
n
tex
t
o
f
a
ca
s
e,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
o
cial
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
v
a
r
iab
les
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
ater
ials
an
d
c
u
ltu
r
al
p
r
o
d
u
cts
as
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
f
ac
ilit
ies.
T
h
en
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
g
ai
n
a
b
etter
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
th
e
v
iewp
o
in
ts
an
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
f
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
co
astal
ar
ea
s
i
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
E
n
g
lis
h
lea
r
n
in
g
at
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
,
a
q
u
alitativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
ad
o
p
ted
.
T
h
is
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t
wi
th
C
r
eswell
as
s
er
tio
n
[
4
0
]
th
a
t
th
e
q
u
alitativ
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
as
ad
v
an
tag
es
wh
en
u
s
ed
to
d
elv
e
i
n
to
a
to
p
ic
an
d
co
llect
m
o
r
e
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
d
ata.
2
.
1
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n
T
h
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
to
o
ls
u
s
e
d
wer
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
in
ter
v
iews.
T
h
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
es
wer
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
Go
o
g
le
F
o
r
m
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
g
ain
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
p
r
o
f
iles
an
d
th
ei
r
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
o
f
p
a
r
ticu
lar
to
p
ics
th
at
wer
e
lis
ted
o
n
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
T
h
e
to
p
ics we
r
e
ch
o
s
en
an
d
ad
a
p
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
E
n
g
lis
h
teac
h
in
g
b
o
o
k
s
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
lectu
r
er
s
.
W
h
ils
t,
th
e
i
n
ter
v
iews
wer
e
em
p
l
o
y
ed
to
g
ath
er
th
e
v
iewp
o
in
ts
o
f
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
co
astal
ar
ea
s
an
d
in
-
d
ep
th
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
s
o
cio
-
cu
ltu
r
al
to
p
ics
th
at
r
eso
n
ated
with
t
h
e
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
’
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
o
r
d
aily
liv
es
as
in
te
g
r
al
m
em
b
er
s
o
f
c
o
astal
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
was
u
tili
ze
d
to
f
in
d
p
o
ten
ti
al
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
th
at
m
et
th
e
cr
i
ter
ia,
s
u
ch
as
b
ein
g
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
u
r
s
u
in
g
h
i
g
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
an
d
atte
n
d
in
g
E
n
g
lis
h
co
u
r
s
es
at
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
.
T
h
ese
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
liv
e
in
co
astal
cities
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
s
u
ch
as
Ma
n
ad
o
,
Am
u
r
an
g
,
B
itu
n
g
as
well
as
v
illag
es
o
n
is
lan
d
s
s
u
ch
as
San
g
ih
e
T
alau
d
an
d
Halm
ah
er
a.
Ma
n
ad
o
is
th
e
ca
p
ital
city
o
f
No
r
th
Su
la
wesi
P
r
o
v
in
ce
,
an
d
Sin
d
u
lan
g
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
c
o
astal
v
illag
es
o
n
th
e
o
u
ts
k
ir
ts
o
f
Ma
n
ad
o
.
Am
u
r
an
g
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
ca
p
ital
o
f
So
u
th
Min
ah
asa
R
eg
en
cy
,
wh
ile
B
itu
n
g
is
a
well
-
k
n
o
wn
s
ea
p
o
r
t c
i
ty
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
13
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
4
:
3
7
8
7
-
3
7
9
5
3790
T
h
en
,
th
e
d
ata
wer
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co
llected
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
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f
o
llo
win
g
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tep
s
:
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ir
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t,
th
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q
u
esti
o
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ib
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ep
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ia
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al
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ts
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o
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m
e
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ab
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t
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n
ta
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th
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.
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th
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esp
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s
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co
llecte
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with
in
th
e
s
p
ec
if
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tim
ef
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am
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wer
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ch
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k
ed
an
d
th
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p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
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s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
en
g
ag
ed
in
f
u
r
th
er
in
q
u
ir
ies th
r
o
u
g
h
in
ter
v
iew
s
.
T
h
er
e
wer
e
e
ig
h
t
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
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ts
p
ar
ticip
ated
an
d
g
av
e
th
e
ir
th
o
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g
h
ts
o
n
th
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c
u
ltu
r
al
ele
m
en
ts
an
d
tr
ad
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
co
astal
ar
ea
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
in
clu
d
e
d
in
E
n
g
lis
h
teac
h
in
g
m
ate
r
ials
f
o
r
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
av
e
r
ic
h
p
er
s
o
n
al
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
in
th
eir
d
aily
liv
es
in
th
e
co
astal
ar
ea
,
an
d
th
ey
g
iv
e
th
eir
o
wn
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
an
d
v
iews
o
n
h
o
w
co
astal
cu
ltu
r
e
a
n
d
tr
a
d
itio
n
s
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
ei
r
liv
es,
as
well
as
h
o
w
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
th
ese
cu
ltu
r
es
an
d
tr
ad
itio
n
s
m
ig
h
t
b
e
in
teg
r
ated
in
to
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
.
T
h
ese
p
u
p
ils
wer
e
g
i
v
en
a
lis
t
o
f
th
in
g
s
th
at
co
astal
s
tu
d
en
ts
m
u
s
t
le
ar
n
.
T
h
e
th
e
m
es
o
n
o
f
f
er
w
er
e
all
ab
o
u
t
s
o
cio
-
cu
ltu
r
al
e
lem
en
ts
.
T
h
e
eig
h
t
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
th
e
n
ask
ed
to
d
is
cu
s
s
th
eir
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
o
n
t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
co
astal
cu
ltu
r
e
an
d
cu
s
to
m
s
th
at
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
cl
u
d
ed
in
te
x
tb
o
o
k
s
.
T
h
ey
also
s
h
ar
ed
th
eir
v
is
io
n
s
o
n
h
o
w
im
p
o
r
tan
t th
ese
co
astal tr
ad
iti
o
n
s
ar
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
an
d
lea
r
n
ed
b
y
th
e
E
n
g
lis
h
lear
n
e
r
s
at
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
lev
el.
2
.
2
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
d
ata
u
n
d
er
wen
t
ass
ess
m
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
an
d
ca
te
g
o
r
izatio
n
o
f
in
te
r
co
n
n
ec
ted
th
em
es
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
co
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
eir
elu
cid
atio
n
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Miles
et
a
l.
[
4
1
]
was
ap
p
lie
d
f
o
r
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
,
in
v
o
lv
in
g
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tep
s
:
i
)
d
ata
r
ed
u
ctio
n
,
wh
er
ein
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
co
n
d
en
s
ed
th
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
d
ata,
s
elec
ted
p
i
v
o
tal
asp
ec
ts
,
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
cr
u
cial
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
an
d
d
is
ce
r
n
ed
t
h
em
es
an
d
p
atter
n
s
;
ii
)
d
ata
d
is
p
lay
,
wh
er
e,
af
ter
d
ata
r
ed
u
ctio
n
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
p
r
esen
te
d
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
c
o
n
cise
d
e
s
cr
ip
tio
n
s
,
ch
ar
ts
,
tab
les,
an
d
in
ter
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
ca
teg
o
r
ies
to
en
h
a
n
ce
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
io
n
;
a
n
d
iii)
d
ata
v
er
if
icatio
n
,
m
ar
k
i
n
g
th
e
f
in
al
p
h
ase
wh
er
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
d
r
ew
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
an
d
af
f
i
r
m
ed
th
e
em
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
n
o
v
el
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
th
at
en
ca
p
s
u
lated
th
e
r
esear
c
h
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
e
lim
itatio
n
o
f
th
is
m
eth
o
d
is
th
at
th
o
u
g
h
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
ei
g
h
t
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
is
d
ee
m
ed
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
f
o
r
an
aly
s
is
,
if
th
e
r
esear
c
h
tim
e
f
r
am
e
allo
ws
f
o
r
a
n
ex
te
n
s
io
n
,
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
co
u
ld
b
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
to
o
b
tain
a
m
o
r
e
ex
ten
s
iv
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es o
n
c
o
astal c
u
ltu
r
e.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
ar
ticle
p
r
esen
ts
b
o
th
th
e
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
in
g
s
an
d
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
o
f
f
em
a
le
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
ailin
g
f
r
o
m
d
iv
er
s
e
c
o
astal
r
eg
io
n
s
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
ese
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
s
ev
en
o
u
t
o
f
ei
g
h
t
r
es
id
e
with
in
a
m
er
e
5
-
k
ilo
m
etr
e
r
ad
iu
s
o
f
th
e
c
o
ast.
C
o
m
in
g
f
r
o
m
v
ar
ie
d
s
o
c
ial
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
,
ea
ch
with
u
n
iq
u
e
cu
ltu
r
es
an
d
tr
ad
itio
n
s
,
th
ey
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
t
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
co
astal
co
m
m
u
n
ity
ac
tiv
ities
in
s
h
ap
in
g
th
ei
r
cu
ltu
r
al
id
en
tity
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
y
s
h
e
d
lig
h
t
o
n
wh
ich
cu
ltu
r
al
v
al
u
es
an
d
tr
ad
itio
n
s
co
u
l
d
e
n
r
ich
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
ag
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
m
ater
ials
.
W
h
ile
No
r
th
Su
lawe
s
i
Pro
v
in
ce
b
o
asts
a
d
iv
er
s
e
in
d
ig
en
o
u
s
p
o
p
u
latio
n
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
Min
a
h
asa,
Mo
n
g
o
n
d
o
w,
an
d
San
g
i
h
e
T
alau
d
eth
n
ic
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
th
e
d
o
m
in
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
Min
a
h
asa
et
h
n
icity
in
th
e
r
eg
io
n
n
atu
r
ally
m
ir
r
o
r
s
th
eir
tr
ad
itio
n
s
an
d
cu
ltu
r
e
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
th
e
co
astal
ar
ea
s
p
r
ed
o
m
in
a
n
tly
h
o
s
t
in
d
iv
id
u
als
o
f
San
g
ih
e
T
alau
d
d
escen
t,
th
er
e
b
y
ac
ce
n
tu
atin
g
th
e
c
u
ltu
r
al
ta
p
estry
o
f
th
is
eth
n
ic
g
r
o
u
p
.
Var
io
u
s
d
i
s
t
in
c
tiv
e
a
n
d
ex
ci
tin
g
p
ar
t
s
o
f
co
a
s
ta
l
cu
l
tu
r
e
an
d
tr
ad
it
io
n
s
wer
e
id
en
ti
f
i
ed
in
th
i
s
r
es
ea
r
ch
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
-
d
ep
th
in
te
r
v
ie
w
s
,
wh
i
ch
m
ig
h
t
b
e
in
c
lu
d
ed
in
to
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
t
ea
ch
in
g
m
a
t
er
i
al
s
.
C
u
l
tu
r
e
an
d
cu
s
to
m
s
a
r
e
th
em
e
s
th
at
ar
e
v
er
y
r
e
lev
an
t
to
th
e
liv
e
s
o
f
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
wh
o
liv
e
i
n
co
a
s
ta
l
r
eg
io
n
s
,
m
ak
in
g
th
e
lea
r
n
in
g
p
r
o
c
es
s
m
o
r
e
e
n
g
ag
i
n
g
an
d
a
cc
o
m
p
li
s
h
in
g
th
e
le
a
r
n
in
g
o
b
je
ct
iv
e
s
.
Al
l
o
f
th
e
f
e
m
al
e
s
tu
d
en
t
s
wh
o
to
o
k
p
a
r
t
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ag
r
ee
d
th
a
t
E
n
g
li
s
h
i
s
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
ab
i
li
ty
f
o
r
co
a
s
ta
l
ar
ea
s
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
g
o
a
l
s
i
s
to
em
p
o
w
er
co
a
s
ta
l
co
m
m
u
n
i
ti
e
s
to
u
s
e
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
to
ad
v
e
r
t
i
s
e
t
h
eir
r
eg
io
n
’
s
p
o
t
en
t
ia
l
to
to
u
r
is
t
s
an
d
th
e
g
lo
b
a
l
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
W
h
en
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
b
en
e
f
its
o
f
lear
n
in
g
E
n
g
lis
h
,
o
n
e
p
ar
t
icip
an
t
(
Nad
y
a
)
n
o
ted
th
at
it
is
ess
en
tia
l
f
o
r
k
n
o
win
g
h
o
w
to
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
o
n
eself
.
An
o
th
er
p
ar
ticip
an
t
(
Feb
y
an
i
)
em
p
h
asized
th
at
b
ec
au
s
e
talk
s
n
o
r
m
ally
b
eg
in
with
s
elf
-
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
s
an
d
v
o
ca
tio
n
s
,
co
astal
lo
ca
ls
m
u
s
t
lear
n
th
ese
ab
ilit
ies
in
o
r
d
er
to
ch
at
with
to
u
r
is
ts
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
ag
e
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
is
h
ig
h
l
y
tied
to
co
astal
co
m
m
u
n
ities
’
p
o
ten
tial
as
to
u
r
is
t
attr
ac
tio
n
s
.
E
n
g
lis
h
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
to
u
r
is
t
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le
T
em
b
o
k
o
B
ea
ch
,
a
p
o
p
u
lar
to
u
r
is
m
d
esti
n
atio
n
in
h
er
ar
e
a
in
Siau
,
th
e
is
lan
d
t
h
at
is
s
itu
ated
in
th
e
San
g
ih
e
A
r
ch
i
p
elag
o
,
f
am
ed
f
o
r
it
i
s
h
o
t sp
r
in
g
s
.
Feb
y
an
i m
en
tio
n
e
d
th
at:
“
On
e
o
f
th
e
w
ell
-
kn
o
w
n
to
u
r
is
t
a
ttr
a
ctio
n
s
in
my
a
r
ea
is
Te
mb
o
ko
B
ea
c
h
.
Th
is
b
ea
ch
,
k
n
o
w
n
fo
r
it
i
s
h
o
t
s
p
r
in
g
s
,
is
a
u
n
iq
u
e
ch
a
r
a
cteris
tic
th
a
t
d
r
a
w
s
a
lo
t
o
f
fo
r
eig
n
visi
to
r
s
.
Th
e
lo
ca
l
co
mmu
n
ity
mu
s
t
ta
lk
in
E
n
g
lis
h
w
ith
th
e
to
u
r
is
t
s
,
a
n
d
I
u
s
ed
E
n
g
lis
h
to
in
tr
o
d
u
c
e
o
th
er
in
teres
tin
g
d
esti
n
a
tio
n
s
in
th
e
a
r
ea
.
”
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
R
ev
iew
in
g
co
a
s
ta
l c
u
ltu
r
e
a
n
d
tr
a
d
itio
n
s
fo
r
E
n
g
lis
h
tea
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in
g
ma
teri
a
ls
(
Ma
ya
P
in
ka
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Wa
r
o
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w
)
3791
I
t
is
o
b
v
io
u
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f
r
o
m
h
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r
d
escr
ip
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io
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at
th
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co
m
m
u
n
ity
s
h
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ld
b
e
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
to
in
ter
ac
t
i
n
E
n
g
lis
h
with
th
ese
v
is
ito
r
s
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
E
n
g
lis
h
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
in
f
o
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m
n
o
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ly
ab
o
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t
th
e
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o
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r
is
m
o
b
jects
b
u
t
also
lo
ca
l
cu
s
to
m
s
,
p
r
o
p
er
clo
th
es
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
ev
en
ts
,
lo
ca
l
f
o
o
d
an
d
it
i
s
in
g
r
ed
ien
ts
,
wea
th
er
an
d
s
o
o
n
.
So
,
a
co
astal
s
o
cio
-
cu
ltu
r
al
b
ased
co
n
ten
t
f
o
r
E
n
g
lis
h
m
ater
ials
is
eq
u
ally
b
en
ef
icial
f
o
r
lo
ca
l
p
eo
p
le
wh
o
liv
e
in
co
astal
ar
ea
s
as
well
as
f
o
r
t
h
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
is
co
n
ten
t
m
a
y
en
r
ich
th
e
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
E
n
g
lis
h
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
T
h
en
,
as
d
ep
icted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
ch
o
s
e
to
p
i
cs
f
o
r
th
e
s
o
cio
-
c
u
ltu
r
al
co
n
t
en
t
s
u
ch
as
d
an
ce
s
,
m
u
s
ic
an
d
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
,
clo
th
in
g
,
f
o
o
d
,
p
eo
p
le,
a
n
d
f
o
lk
tales.
T
h
ese
s
o
cio
-
c
u
l
tu
r
al
th
em
es
wer
e
ch
o
s
en
an
d
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
r
elev
a
n
t
to
b
e
tak
e
n
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
to
E
n
g
lis
h
lear
n
i
n
g
m
ater
ial
s
.
T
h
e
fi
gu
re
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
t
h
em
e
o
f
f
o
o
d
was
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
f
a
v
o
r
a
b
le
ch
o
s
en
b
y
all
o
f
th
e
eig
h
t
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
cl
o
th
in
g
to
p
ic
was
f
av
o
r
ed
b
y
s
ix
p
ar
ti
cip
an
ts
,
an
d
th
e
m
u
s
ic
an
d
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
to
p
ics
wer
e
ch
o
s
en
b
y
f
iv
e
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
.
Oth
er
cu
ltu
r
al
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
s
u
ch
as
d
an
ce
s
,
p
eo
p
le
an
d
f
o
lk
t
ales
wer
e
ch
o
s
en
b
y
h
alf
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
d
ia
g
r
am
s
u
m
m
a
r
ize
s
th
e
ch
o
ices o
f
th
e
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
So
cio
c
u
ltu
r
al
to
p
ics ch
o
s
en
b
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
Su
r
p
r
is
in
g
ly
,
cu
is
in
e
is
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
to
u
r
is
m
an
d
in
itiativ
es
to
ea
r
n
r
ev
en
u
e
f
o
r
co
astal
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
th
em
e
o
f
c
u
lin
ar
y
ca
n
b
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
to
E
n
g
lis
h
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ials
.
Fely
cia,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
t
h
at:
“
S
in
d
u
la
n
g
is
w
ell
-
kn
o
w
n
fo
r
it
i
s
p
a
r
ticu
la
r
cu
lin
a
r
y
to
u
r
i
s
m
in
Ma
n
a
d
o
city.
Th
is
p
la
ce
is
a
ls
o
kn
o
w
n
fo
r
it
i
s
p
a
r
ticu
la
r
cu
is
in
es,
s
u
ch
a
s
tin
u
tu
a
n
,
a
va
r
iety
o
f
d
a
b
u
-
d
a
b
u
,
a
n
d
ika
n
g
b
a
ka
r
.
Th
e
fis
h
is
ca
u
g
h
t b
y
t
h
e
fis
h
ermen
a
n
d
l
o
ca
l p
e
o
p
le
b
u
y
th
e
f
is
h
fr
o
m
th
em
.
”
Fe
ly
c
ia
’
s
s
ta
te
m
en
t
i
s
c
lo
s
e
l
y
r
e
la
ted
to
th
e
d
ai
ly
lif
e
o
f
co
as
ta
l
co
m
m
u
n
i
ti
es
,
en
c
o
m
p
a
s
s
in
g
liv
el
ih
o
o
d
s
a
n
d
d
i
s
tin
ct
iv
e
cu
l
in
ar
y
p
r
ac
t
ice
s
in
th
e
ci
ty
o
f
Ma
n
a
d
o
.
Her
p
la
ce
o
f
l
iv
in
g
,
Sin
d
u
l
an
g
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
Ma
n
a
d
o
’
s
s
ea
s
id
e
lo
ca
tio
n
s
w
h
er
e
p
eo
p
l
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ar
e
a
e
ar
n
a
l
iv
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
cu
l
in
a
r
y
t
o
u
r
i
s
m
.
T
h
i
s
r
eg
io
n
is
r
eg
u
l
ar
ly
v
i
s
i
ted
b
y
b
o
th
d
o
m
e
s
t
ic
an
d
in
t
er
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
to
u
r
i
s
t
s
.
Tin
u
tu
a
n
is
a
s
o
r
t
o
f
p
o
r
r
id
g
e
m
ad
e
wi
th
r
ic
e,
co
r
n
,
wa
ter
s
p
in
a
ch
,
p
u
m
p
k
in
,
an
d
g
ed
i
.
G
ed
i
i
s
a
d
i
s
t
in
c
t
iv
e
n
at
iv
e
v
eg
e
ta
b
l
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
Ma
n
a
d
o
th
at
h
as
le
af
v
ein
s
th
a
t
r
e
s
em
b
le
p
ap
ay
a
l
ea
v
es
an
d
ad
d
s
a
p
a
r
ti
cu
l
ar
f
lav
o
r
to
th
e
t
in
u
tu
a
n
.
T
h
i
s
p
o
r
r
id
g
e
i
s
u
s
u
a
l
ly
s
er
v
ed
to
g
e
th
er
wi
th
dabu
-
dabu
,
f
r
ied
to
f
u
,
co
r
n
f
r
it
ter
s
,
an
d
n
i
ke
f
r
it
ter
s
.
Pan
g
em
an
an
et
a
l.
[
4
2
]
id
en
tif
y
n
i
ke
a
s
a
s
p
e
ci
es
o
f
f
i
s
h
f
o
u
n
d
in
L
ak
e
T
o
n
d
an
o
,
No
r
t
h
Su
la
we
s
i,
an
d
th
i
s
f
is
h
i
s
b
l
en
d
ed
w
ith
s
p
ice
s
an
d
f
lo
u
r
to
m
ak
e
n
ik
e
f
r
it
ter
s
.
Da
b
u
-
dabu
,
o
n
th
e
o
th
e
r
h
a
n
d
,
i
s
m
ad
e
f
r
o
m
s
u
ch
i
n
g
r
ed
ien
t
s
a
s
o
n
io
n
s
,
ch
i
li
e
s
,
an
d
to
m
a
to
e
s
.
A
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
i
n
t
er
v
i
e
w
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
,
t
h
er
e
a
r
e
a
v
ar
i
e
t
y
o
f
o
th
e
r
c
u
l
in
a
r
y
d
e
l
ig
h
t
s
l
i
n
k
ed
w
i
th
th
e
d
a
i
l
y
l
i
v
e
s
o
f
c
o
a
s
t
a
l
co
m
m
u
n
i
t
ie
s
w
h
o
s
e
l
i
v
e
l
ih
o
o
d
s
c
en
t
e
r
u
p
o
n
f
i
s
h
in
g
.
T
h
e
c
a
t
c
h
o
f
th
e
d
ay
i
s
f
r
e
q
u
en
t
l
y
s
o
l
d
o
r
p
r
ep
a
r
e
d
a
s
i
k
a
n
g
b
a
ka
r
,
a
lo
c
a
l
wo
r
d
f
o
r
g
r
i
l
l
ed
f
i
s
h
.
A
n
g
g
i
n
o
t
e
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
p
r
ep
a
r
e
s
th
e
f
i
s
h
u
s
i
n
g
s
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
an
d
n
a
tu
r
a
l
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
wo
o
d
o
r
co
co
n
u
t
s
h
e
l
l
s
a
s
a
s
u
b
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
f
o
r
c
h
ar
co
a
l
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
13
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
4
:
3
7
8
7
-
3
7
9
5
3792
“
P
eo
p
le
h
ere
p
r
efer
ea
tin
g
fr
esh
ly
co
o
ke
d
fis
h
a
n
d
r
a
th
er
th
a
n
u
tili
z
in
g
u
ten
s
ils
th
a
t
a
r
e
d
iffi
cu
lt
to
fin
d
,
th
ey
u
s
e
w
o
o
d
o
r
co
c
o
n
u
t sh
ells
fo
r
ma
kin
g
a
fir
e
a
n
d
g
r
illi
n
g
th
e
fis
h
.
”
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
an
o
th
er
p
ar
ticip
an
t,
Frisch
a,
ad
d
s
th
at
th
e
s
ale
o
f
d
r
ied
f
is
h
k
n
o
w
n
as
“
ika
n
g
R
o
a
”
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
in
c
o
m
e
f
o
r
f
is
h
er
m
e
n
in
h
e
r
ar
ea
o
f
Siau
.
T
h
is
R
o
a
f
is
h
is
wid
ely
u
tili
ze
d
as
an
in
g
r
ed
ien
t
in
th
e
f
am
ed
d
a
b
u
-
dabu
,
g
iv
in
g
it
a
d
is
tin
ct
f
lav
o
r
f
o
u
n
d
ex
clu
s
iv
ely
in
th
e
No
r
th
Su
lawe
s
i
r
eg
io
n
.
W
h
ils
t in
Am
u
r
an
g
,
Sev
ilia m
en
tio
n
ed
a
b
o
u
t sp
ec
ial
k
in
d
o
f
f
is
h
n
am
ely
Ta
n
d
ip
a
n
g
.
“
I
ka
n
g
Ta
n
d
ip
a
n
g
is
a
lo
c
a
l
fis
h
o
f
A
mu
r
a
n
g
.
Typ
ica
lly
c
a
u
g
h
t
b
y
fis
h
ermen
,
th
e
fis
h
is
th
en
s
u
n
-
d
r
ied
.
I
t is co
mmo
n
ly
en
jo
ye
d
w
ith
d
a
b
u
-
d
a
b
u
.
”
Oth
er
cu
lin
ar
y
d
elica
cies
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ted
b
y
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
an
d
ex
t
en
s
iv
ely
lo
v
e
d
in
B
u
n
g
a
’
s
h
o
m
eto
wn
,
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
f
is
h
,
ar
e
“
n
a
s
i
ke
mb
a
r
”.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
B
u
n
g
a,
n
a
s
i
ke
mb
a
r
is
p
r
ep
ar
ed
with
p
a
r
ticu
lar
s
ea
s
o
n
in
g
s
an
d
th
e
n
g
r
illed
.
An
o
th
er
p
ar
t
icip
an
t,
Feb
y
a
n
i,
talk
s
ab
o
u
t
a
lo
ca
l
d
is
h
f
r
o
m
h
e
r
v
illag
e,
Alo
Utar
a,
in
No
r
th
Su
lawe
s
i
’
s
T
alau
d
I
s
lan
d
s
R
e
g
en
cy
.
Sh
e
m
en
tio
n
s
th
e
d
is
h
“
d
a
b
u
s
a
s
i
”,
wh
ich
is
m
ad
e
with
m
ar
in
e
f
is
h
.
Gr
illi
n
g
th
e
f
is
h
with
o
n
io
n
s
a
n
d
o
th
er
s
ea
s
o
n
in
g
s
is
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
T
h
e
g
r
illed
f
is
h
is
th
en
s
im
m
er
ed
in
a
p
r
e
-
m
a
d
e
b
r
o
th
.
Da
b
u
s
a
s
i
is
s
im
ilar
to
a
f
is
h
s
o
u
p
i
n
t
h
at
g
r
illed
f
is
h
is
ad
d
e
d
to
s
ea
s
o
n
ed
wate
r
b
ef
o
r
e
co
o
k
in
g
an
d
s
er
v
ed
.
I
t h
as a
ta
s
ty
,
tan
g
y
f
la
v
o
r
.
E
v
en
wh
en
th
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
a
b
le,
ea
ch
lo
ca
tio
n
h
as
it
i
s
o
wn
s
p
ec
if
ic
cu
lin
ar
y
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
No
r
th
Su
lawe
s
i
p
r
o
v
i
n
ce
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
h
as
i
t
i
s
o
wn
way
o
f
p
r
e
p
ar
in
g
d
el
icac
ies
lik
e
g
r
illed
f
is
h
(
ika
n
g
b
a
k
a
r
)
.
Dab
u
-
d
a
b
u
is
p
r
ep
ar
ed
in
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
way
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
d
a
b
u
-
d
a
b
u
tera
s
i
,
dabu
-
d
a
b
u
lila
n
g
,
d
a
b
u
-
d
a
b
u
R
o
a
,
d
a
b
u
-
d
a
b
u
b
a
ka
s
a
n
g
,
an
d
s
o
o
n
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Nelf
in
,
in
s
o
m
e
ar
ea
s
in
San
g
i
h
e
is
lan
d
s
,
s
ag
o
s
er
v
es
as
a
s
tap
le
f
o
o
d
alo
n
g
s
id
e
r
ice.
T
h
e
d
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
cu
ltu
r
e
an
d
t
r
ad
itio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
ELT
b
y
ad
d
i
n
g
cu
lin
ar
y
th
em
es
in
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
i
als.
Sti
ll
o
n
th
e
s
u
b
ject
o
f
f
o
o
d
,
B
u
n
g
a
b
eliev
es
th
at
b
ea
ch
s
id
e
r
estau
r
a
n
ts
ar
e
m
o
r
e
p
r
ef
er
a
b
le.
Du
e
t
o
th
e
b
ea
u
tifu
l
b
ea
ch
v
iew
a
n
d
f
r
esh
win
d
,
th
is
lo
ca
tio
n
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
f
am
o
u
s
cu
lin
ar
y
d
esti
n
atio
n
an
d
is
u
s
u
ally
cr
o
wd
ed
with
p
eo
p
le.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
r
estau
r
an
t
o
wn
er
s
an
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
n
el
in
th
at
lo
ca
tio
n
m
u
s
t
h
av
e
b
asic
E
n
g
lis
h
ab
il
ities
in
o
r
d
er
to
s
er
v
e
clien
ts
an
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
f
o
o
d
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
g
astro
n
o
m
y
is
a
p
o
p
u
lar
t
o
p
ic
i
n
E
n
g
lis
h
teac
h
i
n
g
m
ater
ials
,
t
h
er
e
a
r
e
o
th
er
in
ter
esti
n
g
asp
ec
ts
o
f
co
astal
cu
s
to
m
s
th
at
ar
e
r
eg
u
lar
ly
p
r
ac
ticed
b
y
co
astal
co
m
m
u
n
ities
.
B
u
n
g
a,
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
n
o
ted
th
at
th
e
“
J
ailo
lo
B
ay
Fes
tiv
al
”
tak
es
p
lace
in
h
er
ar
ea
.
J
ailo
lo
is
a
l
o
ca
tio
n
o
n
th
e
is
lan
d
o
f
Halm
ah
er
a.
T
h
er
e
is
a
cu
s
to
m
o
f
wea
r
in
g
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
d
r
ess
o
n
th
is
o
cc
asio
n
.
S
h
e
n
o
tes
t
h
at
in
h
er
lo
ca
tio
n
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
d
r
ess
,
s
u
ch
as
tr
ad
itio
n
al
o
u
tf
its
f
o
r
d
a
n
ce
s
,
m
ee
tin
g
s
,
m
ar
r
iag
es,
an
d
r
o
y
alty
.
O
r
d
in
ar
y
p
eo
p
le
ar
e
n
o
t
p
er
m
itted
to
d
r
ess
in
tr
ad
itio
n
al
n
o
b
ilit
y
attir
e.
T
r
ad
itio
n
al
attir
e
is
m
ain
ly
r
eser
v
ed
f
o
r
ex
ce
p
tio
n
al
o
cc
asio
n
s
s
u
ch
as th
e
J
ailo
lo
B
ay
Fes
tiv
al.
I
f
Halm
ah
er
a
I
s
lan
d
h
as a
r
ich
lo
ca
l c
u
ltu
r
al
ev
en
t,
Feb
y
an
i
d
escr
ib
ed
a
tr
ad
itio
n
n
am
ed
“
Tu
lu
d
e
”
f
o
r
th
e
co
astl
in
e
r
eg
io
n
o
f
No
r
th
Su
lawe
s
i.
T
h
is
cu
s
to
m
was
p
ass
ed
d
o
wn
f
r
o
m
th
e
San
g
ih
e
T
alau
d
eth
n
ic
g
r
o
u
p
,
wh
o
liv
e
o
n
th
e
n
o
r
th
er
n
tip
o
f
th
e
is
lan
d
s
in
th
e
p
r
o
v
in
ce
o
f
No
r
th
Su
lawe
s
i.
T
h
e
Tu
lu
d
e
ce
r
em
o
n
y
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
Feb
y
a
n
i,
is
a
“
th
an
k
s
g
iv
in
g
ce
r
e
m
o
n
y
f
o
r
th
e
b
less
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
Alm
i
g
h
ty
Go
d
”
an
d
is
tr
ad
itio
n
ally
ce
leb
r
ated
o
n
J
an
u
ar
y
3
1
s
t.
B
o
th
m
en
an
d
wo
m
en
d
r
ess
in
tr
ad
itio
n
al
c
o
s
tu
m
es
k
n
o
wn
as
“
la
ku
tep
u
”
f
o
r
th
is
ce
r
em
o
n
y
.
L
o
ca
l
d
an
ce
s
s
u
ch
as
Gu
n
d
e
,
Up
a
s
e
,
an
d
S
a
lo
ar
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
ed
to
t
h
e
ac
co
m
p
an
im
e
n
t
o
f
Ta
g
o
n
g
g
o
n
g
m
u
s
ic,
an
d
t
h
e
r
itu
al
f
in
is
h
es
with
th
e
cu
ttin
g
o
f
ta
mo
,
a
u
n
iq
u
e
ca
k
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
f
o
r
th
e
T
u
l
u
d
e
ce
leb
r
atio
n
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
Nelf
i
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ar
t
f
o
r
m
f
r
o
m
h
er
r
e
g
io
n
,
n
a
m
ely
“
ma
s
a
mp
er
”
,
wh
er
ein
s
o
n
g
s
ar
e
ty
p
ically
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
co
llectiv
ely
i
n
a
g
r
o
u
p
s
ettin
g
,
ac
co
m
p
an
ied
b
y
d
an
ce
-
lik
e
b
o
d
y
m
o
v
em
en
ts
.
T
h
e
co
astal
v
illag
e
in
T
alau
d
R
eg
en
cy
,
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
h
as
a
f
is
h
in
g
cu
ltu
r
e
k
n
o
wn
as
“
ma
n
e
’
e
”.
T
h
is
f
is
h
in
g
tr
a
d
itio
n
is
u
n
iq
u
e
in
th
at
it
is
d
o
n
e
co
llectiv
el
y
an
d
m
ak
es
u
s
e
o
f
co
co
n
u
t
l
ea
v
es.
I
n
h
er
b
o
o
k
,
Ma
r
ia
[
4
3
]
e
x
p
lain
ed
th
at
th
is
o
cc
asio
n
is
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ed
b
y
a
m
u
ltit
u
d
e
o
f
c
u
s
to
m
s
an
d
p
r
ay
er
s
.
T
o
u
r
is
ts
f
lo
ck
to
th
e
Ma
n
e
’
e
ce
leb
r
atio
n
in
t
h
e
s
am
e
way
th
at
t
h
ey
g
o
to
th
e
J
ailo
lo
an
d
T
u
lu
d
e
f
esti
v
al
s
.
T
h
is
h
ab
it
ar
o
s
e
n
atu
r
ally
f
r
o
m
th
e
lo
ca
l
h
is
to
r
y
,
way
o
f
life
,
an
d
co
llectiv
e
wis
d
o
m
in
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
n
atu
r
e
as
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
co
astal
co
m
m
u
n
ity
’
s
cu
ltu
r
e.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
is
cu
s
to
m
is
s
till
r
ar
ely
m
en
tio
n
ed
in
E
n
g
lis
h
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ials
,
f
em
al
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
co
astal
ar
ea
s
b
eliev
e
it
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
clu
d
e
d
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ca
n
lear
n
ab
o
u
t
lo
ca
l
tr
ad
itio
n
s
an
d
cu
ltu
r
e
wh
ile
b
ein
g
en
co
u
r
ag
ed
to
s
p
r
ea
d
co
astal
tr
ad
itio
n
s
to
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
e
o
p
le
u
s
in
g
th
e
E
n
g
lis
h
th
ey
lear
n
ed
at
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
co
astal
s
tu
d
en
ts
ex
p
ec
t
th
at
th
eir
tr
ad
itio
n
s
will
b
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
in
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
ater
ials
.
I
t
is
ap
p
a
r
en
t
th
at
th
e
r
e
is
a
lin
k
b
etwe
en
an
in
d
iv
id
u
al'
s
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
an
d
t
h
eir
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
s
,
h
ab
its
,
tr
ad
itio
n
s
,
an
d
c
u
ltu
r
e
o
f
th
e
c
o
astal
r
eg
io
n
.
T
h
e
d
an
ce
s
,
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
attir
e,
an
d
lo
ca
l
lan
g
u
ag
e
o
f
t
h
e
San
g
ih
e
eth
n
ic
g
r
o
u
p
a
r
e
n
o
tab
ly
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
Min
a
h
asan
eth
n
ic
g
r
o
u
p
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
er
e
ar
e
also
s
im
ilar
ty
p
es
o
f
f
o
o
d
co
n
s
u
m
e
d
b
y
b
o
th
th
e
Min
ah
asa
an
d
San
g
i
h
e
T
alau
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RE
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[
1
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[
6
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S
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F
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To
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