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n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
v
ac
an
cies
o
f
f
er
ed
b
y
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ce
n
ter
s
is
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
f
o
r
ap
p
lican
ts
,
s
o
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
h
alf
o
f
th
em
h
av
e
to
o
p
t f
o
r
o
t
h
er
a
lter
n
ativ
es.
I
n
th
is
o
r
d
e
r
o
f
id
ea
s
,
th
e
r
ea
lity
th
at
Per
u
v
ian
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
c
atio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
f
ac
in
g
h
as
ex
p
o
s
ed
it
to
v
ar
io
u
s
ch
allen
g
es
th
at
h
av
e
a
f
f
ec
ted
its
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
a
n
d
r
esu
lts
;
th
i
s
h
as
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
as
a
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
ef
o
r
m
s
an
d
co
u
n
ter
-
r
ef
o
r
m
s
g
en
e
r
ated
in
th
e
s
o
cial
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
.
I
t
is
ess
en
tial
to
r
eth
in
k
th
e
ep
is
tem
o
lo
g
ical
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
wa
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
lear
n
i
n
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
th
u
s
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
r
elev
a
n
ce
o
f
c
o
o
p
er
atio
n
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
in
ci
p
les
th
at
allo
w
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
c
o
g
n
itiv
e,
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al,
an
d
attitu
d
in
al
lear
n
in
g
[
6
]
–
[
8
]
.
I
n
r
etr
o
s
p
ec
t,
s
in
ce
2
0
1
6
,
th
e
J
u
n
ín
r
eg
io
n
h
as
h
ad
s
ev
e
r
al
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
tech
n
ical
co
o
p
er
atio
n
ag
r
ee
m
en
ts
in
wh
ich
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
e
g
io
n
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
with
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
lear
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
er
r
eg
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
w
o
r
ld
a
n
d
o
th
er
L
atin
Am
er
ican
co
u
n
tr
ies,
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
tu
d
y
g
r
an
ts
.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
ec
is
e
d
e
f
in
itio
n
o
f
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
is
th
at
wh
ich
em
p
h
a
s
izes
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
team
wo
r
k
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
m
a
x
im
izin
g
o
n
e
’
s
lear
n
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
m
m
o
n
o
b
jectiv
es
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
it
is
p
er
tin
en
t
t
o
n
o
te
th
at
th
e
ap
p
l
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
le
ar
n
in
g
s
ca
le
(
C
L
S)
ca
n
b
e
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
co
n
ten
t v
alid
atio
n
p
r
o
c
ed
u
r
es,
em
p
lo
y
in
g
Aik
en
’
s
V
co
ef
f
icien
ts
o
r
s
im
p
l
y
V
-
Aik
e
n
.
T
h
is
co
ef
f
icien
t
lea
d
s
to
a
s
in
g
le
s
u
m
m
ar
y
n
u
m
b
e
r
(
i.e
.
p
o
in
t
esti
m
ate)
,
wh
ich
is
u
s
ed
to
in
ter
p
r
et
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
co
n
ten
t
o
f
th
e
item
an
d
th
e
c
o
n
tex
t
d
o
m
ain
th
at
co
n
tain
s
it.
I
n
th
is
s
en
s
e,
as
its
v
alu
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
1
,
it
is
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
an
d
its
r
atin
g
s
ca
le
d
escr
ib
e
a
h
ig
h
co
n
te
n
t
v
alid
ity
[
1
1
]
;
th
u
s
,
it
b
ec
o
m
es
clea
r
th
at
th
e
s
cien
tific
q
u
esti
o
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
es
en
t
s
tu
d
y
is
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
v
ali
d
atio
n
o
f
th
e
C
L
S
to
estab
lis
h
th
e
team
wo
r
k
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
J
u
n
ín
.
Fro
m
th
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
Yu
s
t
e
[
1
2
]
,
two
asp
ec
ts
o
f
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
a
r
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
:
th
e
J
ig
s
aw
m
eth
o
d
an
d
th
e
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
team
s
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
iv
is
io
n
s
(
STAD
)
,
wh
ich
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
th
e
d
iv
is
io
n
s
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
t
ac
h
ie
v
em
en
t.
T
h
e
J
ig
s
aw
m
eth
o
d
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
wo
r
k
b
y
ea
ch
m
em
b
er
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
,
w
h
o
will
th
en
d
is
cu
s
s
wh
at
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
lear
n
e
d
a
n
d
h
elp
t
h
o
s
e
wh
o
d
id
n
o
t
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
s
o
m
e
t
o
p
ics
well
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
en
s
e,
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
an
d
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
o
f
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
with
p
ee
r
s
as
a
way
to
c
o
n
s
o
lid
ate
wh
at
h
as
b
ee
n
lear
n
e
d
at
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
lev
e
l is a
p
r
io
r
ity
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
team
s
an
d
STAD
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
iv
is
io
n
s
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
tu
d
y
o
f
class
m
ater
ial
af
te
r
th
e
tea
ch
er
'
s
s
es
s
io
n
,
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
'
s
p
r
ac
tice
an
d
s
tu
d
y
c
o
n
tin
u
e
with
an
ev
alu
atio
n
in
wh
ich
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
s
co
r
es
will
allo
w
o
b
tain
in
g
a
f
in
al
r
esu
lt
as
a
g
r
o
u
p
g
r
ad
e
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
s
tr
ateg
y
m
o
tiv
ates
th
e
y
o
u
n
g
p
er
s
o
n
to
s
tu
d
y
in
d
iv
id
u
ally
to
ac
h
iev
e,
to
g
eth
er
,
a
g
o
o
d
f
in
al
r
esu
lt
to
g
eth
er
;
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
ey
ca
n
s
h
ar
e
s
tu
d
y
tech
n
iq
u
es o
r
ex
p
lain
to
p
ic
s
th
at
wer
e
n
o
t p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
in
cl
ass
.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
f
o
r
all
lear
n
i
n
g
th
at
is
n
o
t th
eo
r
etica
l,
as it ta
k
es m
o
r
e
tim
e
to
i
n
ter
n
alize
[
1
5
]
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
C
u
ad
r
a
-
Ma
r
tín
ez
et
a
l.
[
1
6
]
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
eq
u
atio
n
m
o
d
els
(
SE
M)
allo
w
p
r
ed
ictin
g
,
u
s
in
g
s
tatis
tical
i
n
f
er
en
ce
,
th
e
lev
el
o
f
r
elati
o
n
s
h
ip
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
u
r
atio
n
b
et
wee
n
f
u
lly
d
ef
i
n
ed
v
ar
iab
les;
th
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
t
h
e
s
ch
o
o
l
clim
ate
an
d
its
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
q
u
ality
o
f
a
g
iv
en
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
r
ec
ia
ted
with
g
r
ea
t
atten
tio
n
.
Fo
r
th
is
,
it
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
s
tar
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
s
tan
d
a
r
d
ized
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t,
w
h
o
s
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
ac
ce
p
tab
le
an
d
wh
ich
f
ac
ilit
ates
th
e
d
ev
e
lo
p
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
s
is
.
I
n
th
is
s
en
s
e,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
Geg
en
f
u
r
tn
er
[
1
7
]
s
o
u
g
h
t
to
estab
lis
h
h
o
w
th
e
f
it
o
f
th
e
b
if
ac
to
r
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
SEM
(
B
-
E
SEM
)
m
o
d
el
d
if
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
s
u
b
-
m
o
d
els
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
it;
am
o
n
g
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
an
aly
ze
d
wer
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
d
e
p
r
ess
io
n
,
lear
n
in
g
,
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
e
m
o
tio
n
,
id
en
tity
,
an
d
i
n
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
r
ev
iew
s
h
o
w
th
a
t
th
e
f
it
o
f
th
e
B
-
E
SEM
m
o
d
e
l
is
ab
o
v
e
th
e
f
it
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
tial
m
o
d
els.
Als
o
,
th
e
m
o
d
el
f
it
is
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize,
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
item
s
,
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
g
en
er
al
asp
ec
ts
o
f
a
m
o
d
el.
C
o
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
two
-
f
ac
to
r
a
n
aly
s
is
,
it
is
a
m
ath
em
atica
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
at
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
with
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
a
ty
p
e
o
f
s
ec
o
n
d
-
o
r
d
e
r
co
n
f
ir
m
ato
r
y
m
o
d
el,
i
n
wh
ich
it
is
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
th
e
r
e
is
a
g
en
er
al
f
ac
t
o
r
(
GF)
,
th
at
ex
p
o
s
es th
e
co
v
ar
ia
n
ce
o
f
th
e
to
tality
o
f
t
h
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
an
d
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
ly
s
h
o
ws d
if
f
er
en
t
f
ir
s
t
-
o
r
d
er
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
in
ter
v
e
n
e
an
d
ex
p
lain
t
h
e
r
ep
r
esen
ta
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
am
e
item
s
.
Fro
m
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
d
etail
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
r
esp
o
n
s
es
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
-
o
r
d
er
f
ac
t
o
r
s
an
d
th
e
g
en
e
r
al,
s
ec
o
n
d
-
o
r
d
er
f
ac
to
r
,
with
n
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
S
ca
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co
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s
is
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f c
o
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o
r
a
tive
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:
b
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(
N
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[
9
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[
1
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.
I
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p
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th
is
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tex
t,
Z
ak
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l
.
[
1
9
]
p
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b
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ed
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ticle
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p
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a
No
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SPQ
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F).
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u
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in
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d
v
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y
Fer
n
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R
io
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[
2
0
]
.
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ca
le
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r
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r
m
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n
d
em
p
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m
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[
2
1
]
.
H
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2.
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h
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th
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eq
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o
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e
co
llectio
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y
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tem
atiza
tio
n
,
an
d
in
f
er
en
tial
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
i
s
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
alls
with
in
th
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ap
p
lied
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p
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g
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p
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t
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f
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in
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t
o
a
s
s
es
s
co
llab
o
r
ativ
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lear
n
in
g
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
is
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
ap
p
ly
in
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th
e
b
if
ac
to
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r
m
in
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r
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.
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f
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in
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as
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f
o
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m
u
lated
in
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
[
2
4
]
.
Acc
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th
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o
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d
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f
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a
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-
ex
p
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ar
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at
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m
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m
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[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
Fig
u
r
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1
s
h
o
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g
r
ap
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Fig
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p
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2
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ag
e.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
is
a
s
ch
em
atic
p
r
e
s
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
a
n
d
th
e
s
a
m
p
le
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
eig
h
t sp
ec
ialties
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
es
a
n
d
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
f
o
r
th
e
co
llectio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
a
s
u
r
v
ey
was
u
s
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
in
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
co
n
tex
ts
(
C
AC
)
,
d
esig
n
ed
,
v
alid
ated
,
an
d
ap
p
lied
b
y
Fer
n
an
d
ez
-
R
io
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
.
Similar
ly
,
f
o
r
its
ap
p
licatio
n
,
au
t
h
o
r
izatio
n
was
r
eq
u
ested
f
r
o
m
th
e
Facu
lty
o
f
Hea
lth
Scien
ce
s
t
o
h
av
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
d
ir
ec
to
r
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
s
ch
o
o
l
s
,
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t,
b
o
th
f
o
r
th
e
p
ilo
t
test
an
d
th
e
s
am
p
le.
L
ik
ewise,
with
p
r
ev
io
u
s
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
with
th
e
teac
h
er
s
,
th
e
s
elec
te
d
class
r
o
o
m
s
wer
e
en
ter
ed
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
ed
ab
o
u
t
th
e
o
b
ject
iv
e
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
,
m
ak
in
g
k
n
o
wn
th
e
b
en
ef
its
,
o
f
o
b
tain
in
g
th
e
co
n
s
en
t
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
th
e
eth
ics
an
d
s
o
cial
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
tr
a
n
s
cr
ib
in
g
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
in
th
e
E
x
ce
l
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
wh
e
r
e
th
e
an
s
wer
s
to
ea
ch
item
wer
e
o
r
g
a
n
ized
an
d
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
.
T
h
en
,
th
ese
r
esp
o
n
s
es
wer
e
s
y
s
tem
atize
d
an
d
an
aly
ze
d
in
th
e
SP
SS
V2
6
s
tatis
t
ical
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
in
wh
ic
h
,
em
p
lo
y
in
g
th
e
s
tatis
tical
te
s
t,
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t w
as v
alid
ated
an
d
e
v
alu
ated
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
s
urv
ey
da
t
a
:
co
lla
bo
ra
t
iv
e
le
a
rning
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
d
im
en
s
io
n
ad
d
r
ess
ed
was
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
k
ills
with
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
d
ialo
g
u
e,
g
r
o
u
p
ar
g
u
m
en
tatio
n
,
ac
tiv
e
lis
ten
in
g
,
an
d
r
ea
ch
in
g
a
g
r
ee
m
e
n
ts
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
o
u
ts
tan
d
in
g
r
e
s
u
lts
th
at
s
tan
d
s
o
u
t
is
th
e
willin
g
n
ess
to
lis
ten
to
t
h
e
id
ea
s
,
o
p
in
io
n
s
,
an
d
p
o
i
n
ts
o
f
v
iew
o
f
o
th
er
s
.
T
h
er
e
wer
e
7
5
.
0
7
%
o
f
th
e
to
tal
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ag
r
ee
an
d
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
ag
r
ee
with
th
is
o
p
tio
n
,
as c
a
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
is
g
r
o
u
p
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
,
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
,
an
d
r
ef
lectio
n
.
On
th
is
o
cc
asio
n
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
(
7
4
.
2
4
%)
ag
r
ee
o
r
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
ag
r
ee
with
t
h
e
s
t
atem
en
t
th
at
th
ey
ar
e
willin
g
to
r
ea
ch
ag
r
ee
m
en
ts
with
in
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
to
m
ak
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
T
h
ese
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
th
ir
d
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
(
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
ter
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
ce
)
was
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
with
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
m
u
tu
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t,
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
ity
,
ex
ch
an
g
es,
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
d
em
an
d
s
.
A
to
tal
o
f
7
9
.
7
8
%
ag
r
ee
d
an
d
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
ag
r
ee
d
with
th
e
s
tatem
en
t
th
at
wh
en
ea
ch
m
em
b
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
h
is
o
r
h
er
task
b
etter
,
it
will
b
e
b
etter
f
o
r
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
.
On
th
e
co
n
tr
ar
y
,
1
.
6
6
% o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
d
is
ag
r
ee
d
,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
t
h
d
im
en
s
io
n
,
wh
ic
h
is
r
elate
d
to
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
is
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
f
o
c
u
s
ed
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
team
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
an
d
d
ir
ec
t r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
.
I
n
th
is
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
,
th
e
g
r
ea
t
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
(
8
2
.
5
5
%)
ag
r
ee
an
d
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
a
g
r
ee
with
th
e
s
tatem
en
t
th
at
t
h
ey
wo
r
k
to
g
eth
e
r
with
th
e
r
est o
f
th
eir
c
o
lleag
u
e
s
.
On
th
e
co
n
tr
a
r
y
,
0
.
5
5
% to
tal
ly
d
is
ag
r
ee
d
,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
f
if
th
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
in
v
o
lv
es
in
d
iv
id
u
al
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
.
He
r
e,
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
o
f
all,
eq
u
ita
b
le
ef
f
o
r
t,
eq
u
itab
le
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
,
an
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
ar
e
ex
p
o
s
ed
as
in
d
icato
r
s
.
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
it
co
u
ld
b
e
h
ig
h
lig
h
te
d
th
at
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
(
8
2
.
2
7
%)
a
g
r
ee
a
n
d
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
a
g
r
ee
with
th
e
s
tatem
en
t
th
at
e
ac
h
m
em
b
er
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
m
u
s
t tr
y
t
o
p
ar
ticip
ate,
ev
en
if
h
e/sh
e
d
o
es n
o
t lik
e
th
e
task
.
T
h
is
is
s
h
o
wn
g
r
ap
h
ically
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
W
illi
n
g
n
ess
to
lis
ten
to
th
e
id
ea
s
,
o
p
in
io
n
s
,
a
n
d
p
o
i
n
ts
o
f
v
iew
o
f
o
th
er
s
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4
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W
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etter
f
o
r
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
W
o
r
k
i
n
g
to
g
eth
er
wi
th
th
e
r
est o
f
c
o
lleag
u
es
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
E
ac
h
m
em
b
er
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
m
u
s
t tr
y
t
o
p
ar
ticip
ate,
ev
en
if
h
e/sh
e
d
o
es n
o
t lik
e
th
e
task
1.94
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15.24
36.29
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5
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15
20
25
30
35
40
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.
5
,
th
e
item
h
as l
o
w
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
an
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
r
e
v
is
ed
o
r
d
elete
d
.
ii)
I
f
0
.
5
≤V
-
Aik
en
<0
.
7
,
th
e
item
h
as a
cc
ep
tab
le
co
n
te
n
t v
alid
it
y
b
u
t c
a
n
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
.
iii)
If
V
-
Aik
en
≥
0
.
7
th
e
i
tem
h
as h
ig
h
co
n
te
n
t v
alid
ity
an
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
r
etain
e
d
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
item
s
h
av
e
a
V
-
Aik
en
c
o
ef
f
icien
t o
f
1
.
0
0
,
ex
ce
p
t
f
o
r
5
,
6
,
an
d
8
,
wh
ich
h
a
v
e
a
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
0
.
9
5
,
b
u
t
wh
ic
h
is
also
h
ig
h
e
r
th
a
n
0
.
7
,
m
ea
n
in
g
th
at
all
ju
d
g
es
ass
ig
n
ed
t
h
e
s
am
e
r
atin
g
o
f
4
(
h
ig
h
lev
el)
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
all
o
f
th
e
item
s
h
av
e
h
i
g
h
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
an
d
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
r
etain
ed
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
th
e
asy
m
m
etr
ic
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
in
ter
v
al
f
o
r
th
e
V
-
Aik
en
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
ca
n
b
e
ca
lc
u
lated
,
u
s
in
g
Pen
f
ield
an
d
Giac
o
b
b
i
’
s
m
eth
o
d
,
to
esti
m
ate
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
p
o
s
s
ib
le
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
co
ef
f
icien
t
in
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
ju
d
g
es.
A
n
ar
r
o
wer
co
n
f
id
en
ce
in
ter
v
al
in
d
icate
s
a
h
ig
h
er
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
th
e
co
e
f
f
icien
t.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
co
n
f
id
en
ce
in
ter
v
al
f
o
r
item
1
is
[
0
.
9
9
,
1
.
0
0
]
,
in
d
icati
n
g
th
at
th
e
V
-
Aik
e
n
co
e
f
f
icien
t is v
er
y
p
r
ec
is
e
an
d
clo
s
e
to
1
.
3
.
2
.
T
wo
-
f
a
ct
o
r
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
esc
r
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tic
s
b
y
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
C
L
S
f
o
r
th
e
s
am
p
le
o
f
Per
u
v
ian
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
th
e
Facu
lty
o
f
He
alth
Scien
ce
s
,
f
r
o
m
cy
cle
I
to
VI
I
I
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
s
co
r
es,
th
ese
h
av
e
a
m
in
im
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
3
.
0
0
u
p
to
a
m
ax
im
u
m
o
f
1
5
.
0
0
.
T
h
e
tab
u
lated
v
alu
es
ar
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
in
f
r
ac
tio
n
s
o
f
t
h
r
ee
d
ig
its
(
in
s
o
m
e
ca
s
es).
I
t
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
th
at
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
ter
d
ep
en
d
en
c
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
(
PID
)
ac
h
iev
ed
t
h
e
h
ig
h
est
m
ea
n
v
alu
e
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
to
tal
s
co
r
e
(
Me
an
=1
2
.
3
9
)
,
wi
th
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
2
.
3
1
an
d
th
e
Om
eg
a
v
alu
e
eq
u
al
to
0
.
6
9
8
;
h
o
wev
e
r
,
th
e
h
ig
h
est
Om
eg
a
v
alu
e
w
as
r
ef
lecte
d
b
y
th
e
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
k
ills
d
im
en
s
io
n
(
HI
)
with
0
.
7
2
5
,
wh
ich
in
d
i
ca
tes
th
at
th
e
th
r
ee
item
s
(
1
,
6
an
d
1
1
)
th
at
co
m
p
o
s
e
it
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
am
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct.
Nex
t,
th
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
s
ca
le
is
p
r
esen
ted
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tile
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
C
L
S
in
th
e
Hu
an
ca
y
o
U
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
m
ea
n
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
e
v
iatio
n
f
o
r
ea
ch
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t,
as sh
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Descr
ip
tiv
e
s
tatis
tics
b
y
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
C
L
S
f
o
r
th
e
s
am
p
le
o
f
Per
u
v
ian
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
D
i
me
n
si
o
n
s
M
i
n
i
m
u
m
sco
r
e
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
sco
r
e
M
e
d
i
a
(
to
t
a
l
sc
o
r
e
)
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
O
meg
a
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
i
t
e
ms
I
n
t
e
r
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
sk
i
l
l
s (H
I
)
4
.
0
0
1
5
.
0
0
1
1
.
6
4
2
.
4
7
0
.
7
2
5
3
(
1
,
6
,
1
1
)
G
r
o
u
p
p
r
o
c
e
ssi
n
g
(
G
P
)
3
.
0
0
1
5
.
0
0
1
1
.
6
2
2
.
4
0
0
.
6
8
4
3
(
2
,
7
,
1
2
)
P
o
si
t
i
v
e
i
n
t
e
r
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
(
P
I
I
)
3
.
0
0
1
5
.
0
0
1
2
.
3
9
2
.
3
1
0
.
6
9
8
3
(
3
,
8
,
1
3
)
P
r
o
mo
t
i
n
g
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
(
P
I
)
4
.
0
0
1
5
.
0
0
1
2
.
2
1
2
.
2
2
0
.
6
4
9
3
(
4
,
9
,
1
4
)
I
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
r
e
sp
o
n
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
(
I
R
)
3
.
0
0
1
5
.
0
0
1
1
.
4
2
2
.
2
2
0
.
6
6
3
3
(
5
,
1
0
,
1
5
)
T
ab
le
2
.
Dis
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
er
ce
n
tiles
f
o
r
th
e
C
L
S
in
Hu
an
ca
y
o
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
D
i
me
n
si
o
n
s
M
i
n
i
m
u
m
sco
r
e
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
sco
r
e
M
e
d
i
a
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
i
l
e
s
25
50
75
90
I
n
t
e
r
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
sk
i
l
l
s (H
I
)
4
15
1
1
.
6
4
2
.
4
7
9
11
13
14
G
r
o
u
p
p
r
o
c
e
ssi
n
g
(
G
P
)
3
15
1
1
.
6
2
2
.
4
9
11
13
14
P
o
si
t
i
v
e
i
n
t
e
r
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
(
P
I
I
)
3
15
1
2
.
3
9
2
.
3
1
10
12
14
1
4
.
4
P
r
o
mo
t
i
n
g
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
(
P
I
)
4
15
1
2
.
2
1
2
.
2
2
10
12
14
1
4
.
4
I
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
r
e
sp
o
n
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
(
I
R
)
3
15
1
1
.
4
2
2
.
2
2
9
11
13
14
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
ter
d
ep
en
d
e
n
ce
(
PID
)
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
ter
in
ter
ac
tio
n
(
PI)
ac
h
iev
ed
t
h
e
h
ig
h
est
v
al
u
e
o
f
1
4
.
4
at
th
e
9
0
th
p
er
ce
n
tile
wit
h
m
in
im
u
m
s
co
r
es
o
f
3
an
d
4
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
W
e
co
n
tin
u
e
with
th
e
f
ir
s
t
-
o
r
d
er
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
is
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
tab
le
s
h
o
ws th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
e
d
with
th
e
KM
O
an
d
B
ar
tlett
’
s
test
[
2
8
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
T
ab
le
3
,
th
e
KM
O
m
ea
s
u
r
e
is
0
.
9
4
7
,
wh
ich
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
d
ata
h
av
e
an
ex
ce
llen
t
f
it
f
o
r
f
ac
to
r
a
n
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
p
-
v
al
u
e
o
f
B
ar
tlett
’
s
test
is
le
s
s
th
an
0
.
0
0
1
,
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
m
atr
ix
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
id
en
tity
m
atr
ix
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
co
n
clu
d
e
th
at
th
e
d
ata
ar
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
f
ac
to
r
an
aly
s
is
.
As a
co
m
p
lem
en
t,
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
alities
m
atr
ix
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
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SS
N:
2252
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8
8
2
2
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ca
la
r
co
n
s
is
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o
f c
o
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b
o
r
a
tive
lea
r
n
in
g
:
b
ifa
cto
r
s
tr
u
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r
a
l
eq
u
a
tio
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…
(
N
ilto
n
Da
vi
d
V
ilch
ez Ga
la
r
z
a
)
3899
T
ab
le
3
.
KM
O
an
d
B
ar
tlett
’
s
test
K
M
O
me
a
su
r
e
me
n
t
a
n
d
B
a
r
t
l
e
t
t
s
p
h
e
r
i
c
i
t
y
S
a
mp
l
i
n
g
a
d
e
q
u
a
c
y
(
K
M
O
me
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
)
S
p
h
e
r
i
c
i
t
y
0
.
9
4
7
A
p
r
o
x
.
C
h
i
-
c
u
a
d
r
a
d
o
2
4
6
0
.
4
3
5
GL
1
0
5
S
i
g
.
<
0
.
0
0
1
T
ab
le
4
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
alities
m
atr
ix
I
n
i
t
i
a
l
Ex
t
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
P1
1
0
.
5
9
5
P2
1
0
.
5
0
3
P3
1
0
.
5
7
0
P4
1
0
.
5
0
8
P5
1
0
.
4
9
8
P6
1
0
.
6
3
9
P7
1
0
.
4
7
6
P8
1
0
.
5
2
9
P9
1
0
.
4
8
7
P
1
0
1
0
.
5
5
7
P
1
1
1
0
.
5
0
7
P
1
2
1
0
.
5
3
5
P
1
3
1
0
.
5
7
8
P
1
4
1
0
.
6
7
0
P
1
5
1
0
.
6
0
0
Ex
t
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
me
t
h
o
d
:
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
a
l
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
T
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
alities
m
atr
ix
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
d
ata
v
ar
y
b
etwe
en
0
an
d
1
,
with
1
b
ein
g
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
alities
ar
e
ex
p
ec
t
ed
to
b
e
h
i
g
h
co
n
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el
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o
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item
r
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it
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ip
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en
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r
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th
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ter
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3
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ly
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ests
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ee
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e
ab
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th
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p
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ed
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m
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at
th
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s
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as a
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im
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n
s
io
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
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S
ca
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ates
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el
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at
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in
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b
s
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GF)
[
2
9
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.
T
h
e
r
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th
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ices CF
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ly
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ette
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el.
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o
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el
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g
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ests
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at
th
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item
s
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
b
o
th
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
k
ills
(
f
ir
s
t
-
o
r
d
er
f
ac
t
o
r
s
)
an
d
a
g
en
er
al
s
k
ill
r
elate
d
to
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
lear
n
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(
s
ec
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n
d
-
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r
d
er
f
ac
to
r
)
.
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n
tu
r
n
,
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o
f
ea
ch
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i
m
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f
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h
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C
L
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p
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t
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ig
h
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d
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ig
n
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ican
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f
ac
to
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lo
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g
s
in
b
o
th
th
e
f
ir
s
t
-
o
r
d
er
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
th
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GF
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
ab
le
9
.
E
s
tim
ates o
f
th
e
b
if
ac
to
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m
o
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o
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C
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2
df
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EA
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9
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9
0
8
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
B
if
ac
to
r
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
d
i
ag
r
am
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l p
ar
ticip
ati
o
n
s
ca
le
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
13
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
4
:
3
8
9
3
-
3
9
0
5
3902
T
o
an
aly
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th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
r
lev
el
at
wh
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th
e
d
ata
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n
b
e
co
n
s
id
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ed
to
h
a
v
e
an
o
v
er
all
u
n
id
im
en
s
io
n
al
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e,
th
r
e
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
wer
e
m
ad
e
u
s
in
g
Du
eb
er
'
s
b
if
ac
to
r
in
d
e
x
ca
lcu
lato
r
[
3
0
]
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
th
r
ee
b
if
ac
t
o
r
in
d
ices
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
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r
e
in
ter
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n
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is
ten
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d
v
al
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ity
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at
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w
th
e
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s
y
ch
o
m
etr
ic
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ality
o
f
t
h
e
s
c
ale
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d
t
h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
ea
ch
f
ac
to
r
to
t
h
e
to
tal
s
co
r
e
to
b
e
ev
alu
ated
.
T
h
ese
in
d
ices
ar
e
th
e
in
ter
n
al
c
o
n
s
i
s
ten
cy
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
E
C
V)
,
th
e
o
m
eg
a
h
ier
ar
c
h
ical
co
ef
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icien
t
(
Om
eg
aH)
,
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
c
o
m
m
o
n
v
ar
ia
n
ce
ex
p
lain
ed
b
y
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
(
P
UC
)
,
th
e
f
ac
to
r
lo
a
d
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
GF
,
an
d
th
e
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
ac
to
r
1
.
T
o
in
ter
p
r
et
th
e
b
if
ac
to
r
in
d
ices,
th
ey
s
h
o
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l
d
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
c
r
iter
ia
estab
lis
h
ed
b
y
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
[
3
1
]
.
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r
e
x
am
p
le,
a
s
ca
le
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
h
a
v
e
an
ad
eq
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ate
b
if
ac
to
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
if
th
e
life
cy
cle
ass
es
s
m
en
t
(
L
C
A)
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
o
r
eq
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al
to
0
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8
0
,
th
e
Om
eg
aH
is
g
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o
r
eq
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t
o
0
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7
0
,
th
e
PUC
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g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
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r
e
q
u
al
to
0
.
5
0
an
d
th
e
f
ac
to
r
lo
a
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
GF
ar
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
o
r
eq
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al
t
o
0
.
3
0
1
2
.
T
a
b
le
1
0
s
h
o
ws th
e
m
atr
ix
o
f
D
u
eb
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’
s
b
if
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to
r
in
d
ex
es.
T
ab
le
1
0
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
a
two
-
f
ac
to
r
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
a
s
ca
le
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
f
i
v
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
:
i
n
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
k
ills
,
g
r
o
u
p
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
ter
d
e
p
en
d
en
ce
,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
in
ter
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
in
d
iv
id
u
al
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
a
GF
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
g
l
o
b
al
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
o
f
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
is
in
clu
d
ed
[
3
1
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
af
o
r
em
en
tio
n
ed
cr
iter
ia,
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
b
if
ac
to
r
m
o
d
el
is
ad
eq
u
ate
f
o
r
th
e
s
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le
s
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ce
t
h
e
L
C
A
o
f
th
e
GF
is
6
4
.
8
%,
t
h
e
Om
eg
a
H
is
0
.
8
1
,
an
d
th
e
PUC
is
8
3
.
3
%.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
ac
to
r
"I
n
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
k
ills
"
i
s
r
elev
an
t,
s
in
ce
th
e
L
C
A
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
ac
to
r
is
2
3
.
5
%,
an
d
th
e
f
ac
t
o
r
lo
ad
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
ac
to
r
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
o
r
eq
u
al
to
0
.
3
f
o
r
all
th
e
item
s
th
at
co
m
p
r
is
e
it.
T
h
u
s
,
th
is
f
in
d
in
g
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
s
cien
tific
q
u
esti
o
n
,
w
h
ich
r
e
f
er
s
to
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
v
alid
a
tio
n
o
f
th
e
C
L
S
to
estab
lis
h
team
wo
r
k
am
o
n
g
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
J
u
n
ín
.
I
tem
s
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
,
1
0
,
1
1
,
a
n
d
1
2
ar
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
th
e
b
if
ac
to
r
m
o
d
el,
s
in
ce
th
e
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
o
f
th
e
GF
is
g
r
ea
ter
t
h
an
o
r
eq
u
al
to
0
.
4
,
a
n
d
th
e
f
ac
to
r
lo
a
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
ac
to
r
is
less
th
an
o
r
eq
u
al
to
0
.
2
f
o
r
all
o
f
th
em
.
I
tem
s
1
3
,
1
4
,
an
d
1
5
ar
e
n
o
t
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
th
e
b
if
ac
to
r
m
o
d
el,
s
in
ce
th
e
f
ac
to
r
lo
ad
in
g
o
f
th
e
GF
is
less
th
an
0
.
4
,
an
d
th
e
f
ac
to
r
lo
a
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
ac
t
o
r
is
g
r
ea
te
r
th
an
0
.
2
f
o
r
all
o
f
th
em
.
Fin
ally
,
t
h
e
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
g
l
o
b
al
c
o
o
p
e
r
atio
n
f
a
cto
r
co
n
s
id
er
s
th
e
f
ac
t
o
r
l
o
ad
in
g
o
f
ea
ch
f
ac
to
r
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
T
ab
le
1
0
,
as
i
n
te
r
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
k
ills
=0
.
7
4
(
9
0
%
C
I
[
0
.
7
1
,
0
.
8
0
]
)
,
g
r
o
u
p
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
=0
.
7
4
(
9
0
%
C
I
[
0
.
7
0
,
0
.
8
0
]
)
,
p
o
s
itiv
e
in
ter
d
e
p
en
d
en
ce
=
0
.
7
1
(
9
0
%
C
I
[
0
.
7
0
,
0
.
7
3
]
)
,
p
r
o
m
o
tiv
e
in
ter
ac
ti
o
n
=0
.
7
3
(
9
0
%
C
I
[
0
.
7
1
,
0
.
7
4
)
,
a
n
d
in
d
iv
id
u
al
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
=0
.
7
5
(
9
0
%
C
I
[
0
.
7
0
,
0
.
7
9
]
)
,
an
d
o
v
er
all
co
o
p
e
r
atio
n
f
ac
t
o
r
=0
.
8
5
(
9
0
% C
I
[
0
.
8
2
,
0
.
8
8
]
)
.
T
ab
le
1
0
.
Ma
tr
i
x
o
f
Du
eb
er
’
s
b
if
ac
to
r
in
d
ex
es
F
a
c
t
o
r
EC
V
O
meg
a
H
P
U
C
F
a
c
t
o
r
l
o
a
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
GF
F
a
c
t
o
r
i
a
l
l
o
a
d
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
f
a
c
t
o
r
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
f
a
c
t
o
r
1
-
I
n
t
e
r
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
sk
i
l
l
s
0
.
1
2
0
.
2
7
0
.
3
9
0
.
7
4
0
.
2
0
I
t
e
m 1
0
.
0
4
0
.
0
9
0
.
1
2
0
.
7
1
0
.
1
0
I
t
e
m 6
0
.
0
5
0
.
0
8
0
.
1
5
0
.
7
2
0
.
3
0
I
t
e
m 1
1
0
.
0
3
0
.
1
0
.
1
2
0
.
8
0
0
.
2
0
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
f
a
c
t
o
r
2
-
G
r
o
u
p
p
r
o
c
e
ssi
n
g
0
.
1
8
0
.
3
3
0
.
3
6
0
.
7
4
0
.
2
0
I
t
e
m 2
0
.
0
5
0
.
1
1
0
.
1
1
0
.
7
0
0
.
2
0
I
t
e
m 7
0
.
0
4
0
.
1
2
0
.
1
0
.
7
2
0
.
1
0
I
t
e
m 1
2
0
.
0
9
0
.
1
0
.
1
5
0
.
8
0
0
.
3
0
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
f
a
c
t
o
r
3
-
P
o
si
t
i
v
e
i
n
t
e
r
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
0
.
1
1
0
.
2
4
0
.
4
0
.
7
1
0
.
2
7
I
t
e
m 3
0
.
0
3
0
.
0
9
0
.
1
5
0
.
7
3
0
.
3
0
I
t
e
m 8
0
.
0
2
0
.
0
9
0
.
1
2
0
.
7
0
0
.
2
0
I
t
e
m 1
3
0
.
0
6
0
.
0
6
0
.
1
3
0
.
7
1
0
.
3
0
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
f
a
c
t
o
r
4
-
P
r
o
m
o
t
i
n
g
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
0
.
1
3
0
.
3
4
0
.
3
9
0
.
7
3
0
.
2
0
I
t
e
m 4
0
.
0
6
0
.
0
9
0
.
1
2
0
.
7
4
0
.
2
0
I
t
e
m 9
0
.
0
4
0
.
1
3
0
.
1
3
0
.
7
1
0
.
1
0
I
t
e
m 1
4
0
.
0
3
0
.
1
2
0
.
1
4
0
.
7
3
0
.
3
0
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
f
a
c
t
o
r
5
-
I
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
0
.
0
9
0
.
3
1
0
.
3
4
0
.
7
5
0
.
2
0
I
t
e
m 5
0
.
0
2
0
.
0
8
0
.
1
1
0
.
7
0
0
.
2
0
I
t
e
m 1
0
0
.
0
1
0
.
1
1
0
.
1
0
.
7
5
0
.
1
0
I
t
e
m 1
5
0
.
0
6
0
.
1
2
0
.
1
3
0
.
7
9
0
.
3
0
GF
0
.
8
1
0
.
7
9
0
.
8
2
0
.
8
5
0
.
2
0
To
t
a
l
1
.
4
4
2
.
2
8
2
.
7
0
4
.
5
2
1
.
2
7
3
.
5
.
H
y
po
t
hes
is
t
esting
bet
wee
n t
he
s
ec
o
nd
-
o
rder
m
o
dels
a
nd
t
he
bifa
ct
o
r
mo
del
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
s
ettin
g
o
u
t
th
e
wo
r
k
in
g
h
y
p
o
th
eses
.
W
e
th
en
p
r
o
ce
ed
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
test
with
th
e
d
ata
co
llected
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
1
.
T
h
e
alter
n
ativ
e
h
y
p
o
th
esis
(
H1
)
an
d
th
e
n
u
ll
h
y
p
o
th
esis
(
Ho
)
ar
e
:
i)
T
h
er
e
is
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
-
o
r
d
er
m
o
d
el
an
d
t
h
e
two
-
f
ac
to
r
m
o
d
el
(
n
ested
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
)
f
o
r
th
e
C
L
S
(
Ho
)
;
ii)
T
h
er
e
is
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