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to
r
ed
u
ce
en
e
r
g
y
u
s
ag
e.
T
h
is
to
o
l
eq
u
ip
s
p
lan
t
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
with
a
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
g
r
asp
o
f
th
e
t
ec
h
n
ical
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
v
iab
ili
ty
o
f
v
a
r
io
u
s
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
es
(
E
C
M
s
)
.
As
p
er
th
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
en
er
g
y
a
u
d
it,
a
s
m
all
-
s
ca
le
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
p
lan
t
s
tan
d
s
to
s
av
e
6
,
2
2
6
k
W
h
o
f
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
an
n
u
ally
,
r
e
p
r
esen
tin
g
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
2
2
.
8
2
%
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
th
e
p
lan
t'
s
y
ea
r
ly
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
Far
h
o
o
d
n
ea
et
a
l.
[
5
]
em
p
lo
y
a
m
o
d
if
ied
d
is
cr
ete
f
ir
ef
ly
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
I
DFA)
to
en
h
a
n
ce
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
in
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
ey
tack
le
a
m
u
lti
-
o
b
jectiv
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
to
f
in
e
-
tu
n
e
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
p
r
o
f
ile,
m
in
im
ize
v
o
ltag
e
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
,
an
d
tr
im
d
o
w
n
o
v
er
all
in
v
estme
n
t
co
s
ts
.
B
o
h
ar
b
et
a
l.
[
6
]
aim
to
u
n
ea
r
th
p
o
ten
tial
en
er
g
y
s
av
in
g
s
with
in
th
e
s
m
all
an
d
m
ed
iu
m
-
s
ized
p
ap
er
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
elec
tr
ical
q
u
ality
is
s
u
es,
th
ey
p
r
esen
t
th
e
au
d
it
r
e
s
u
lts
alo
n
g
with
th
eir
f
in
an
cial
v
iab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es
p
r
o
m
is
e
to
co
n
s
er
v
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
3
4
7
.
8
5
MWh
o
f
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
an
d
1
0
1
.
7
8
MWh
o
f
th
e
r
m
al
en
er
g
y
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
n
o
t
ewo
r
th
y
s
av
in
g
s
o
f
1
1
.
4
8
%
an
d
2
.
2
2
%,
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
ly
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
d
ea
l
wit
h
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
p
o
wer
q
u
ali
tie
s
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ic
g
r
id
[
7
]
–
[
9
]
,
b
y
f
ilter
in
g
th
e
ac
tiv
e
[
1
0
]
a
n
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
en
er
g
y
[
1
1
]
,
m
o
r
e
o
v
er
,
m
eter
in
g
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
an
d
p
lan
n
i
n
g
th
e
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
th
e
elec
tr
icity
g
r
id
[
1
4
]
,
in
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
s
o
m
e
s
tu
d
ies,
s
u
g
g
est
an
ef
f
icien
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
o
p
tim
al
s
h
u
n
t
ca
p
ac
ito
r
allo
ca
tio
n
to
m
in
im
ize
en
e
r
g
y
l
o
s
s
co
s
ts
.
I
t
em
p
lo
y
s
p
ar
ticle
s
war
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(
PS
O)
[
1
5
]
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
r
eliab
ilit
y
v
ia
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
elec
tr
ical
p
ar
am
eter
s
b
y
in
v
esti
g
atin
g
t
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
s
tatic
VAR
co
m
p
en
s
ato
r
s
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
d
g
en
er
atio
n
u
n
its
o
n
r
eliab
ilit
y
th
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
d
ev
is
ed
to
p
lace
th
ese
d
ev
ices,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
c
o
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
es
s
wh
ile
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
p
tim
ally
[
1
6
]
–
[
1
8
]
.
A
g
r
o
u
n
d
b
r
ea
k
i
n
g
en
er
g
y
au
d
i
tin
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
em
p
lo
y
e
d
in
a
p
r
ac
tical
wate
r
s
u
p
p
ly
s
y
s
t
em
an
d
its
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
to
p
in
p
o
in
t
th
e
r
o
o
t
ca
u
s
es
o
f
en
er
g
y
in
ef
f
icien
cy
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
i
s
s
y
s
tem
h
a
s
b
ee
n
in
teg
r
ated
in
to
th
e
Po
r
tu
g
u
ese
n
atio
n
al
in
itiativ
e
f
o
r
wate
r
-
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
T
h
e
s
cr
u
tin
y
o
f
th
e
1
7
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
u
n
co
v
er
s
th
at
ter
r
ain
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
wate
r
lo
s
s
es,
an
d
an
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
in
ter
m
e
d
ia
te
s
er
v
ice
p
r
ess
u
r
e
lev
els
ar
e
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
in
ef
f
ici
en
cies.
C
o
n
s
u
m
in
g
n
ea
r
ly
2
0
%
o
f
Ger
m
an
y
'
s
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
en
er
g
y
,
th
e
ch
em
ical
in
d
u
s
tr
y
p
r
esen
ts
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
y
f
o
r
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
g
as
r
ed
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
is
p
a
p
er
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
es
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
an
aly
s
is
b
y
cr
ea
tin
g
a
m
ar
g
in
al
co
s
t
cu
r
v
e
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es
in
Ger
m
an
ch
em
ical
p
lan
ts
.
W
e
q
u
an
tify
u
n
ce
r
tain
ties
an
d
id
en
tify
k
ey
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
f
lu
en
cin
g
p
o
ten
tial
s
av
in
g
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
v
alu
a
b
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
b
o
t
h
en
er
g
y
p
lan
n
er
s
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
y
lead
e
r
s
[
2
0
]
.
C
ai
et
a
l.
[
2
1
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
n
ew
m
u
lti
-
o
b
jectiv
e
en
er
g
y
b
e
n
ch
m
ar
k
f
o
r
th
e
m
e
ch
an
ical
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
tack
les
th
e
ch
allen
g
e
o
f
wasted
en
er
g
y
d
u
e
to
co
m
p
lex
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
b
y
u
s
in
g
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
f
o
r
ec
asts
an
d
in
teg
r
ated
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
ts
.
A
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
m
eth
o
d
'
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
in
ac
h
iev
in
g
en
er
g
y
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
an
d
a
p
o
t
en
tial
2
1
.
3
%
s
av
in
g
.
Dr
iv
en
b
y
r
is
in
g
en
er
g
y
co
s
ts
,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
ce
r
n
s
,
an
d
s
tr
icter
r
eg
u
latio
n
s
,
m
a
n
u
f
a
ctu
r
er
s
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
l
y
f
o
cu
s
o
n
o
p
tim
izin
g
en
er
g
y
u
s
e.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
ex
p
lo
r
es
h
o
w
th
e
m
u
ltip
le
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
b
y
au
t
o
m
o
tiv
e
c
o
m
p
a
n
ies
to
id
en
tify
a
n
d
q
u
an
tif
y
f
ac
t
o
r
s
im
p
ac
tin
g
th
eir
p
lan
ts
'
en
er
g
y
in
te
n
s
ity
.
T
h
is
k
n
o
wled
g
e
em
p
o
wer
s
s
tr
ateg
i
c
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
an
d
f
u
tu
r
e
en
er
g
y
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
[
2
2
]
.
I
b
r
ik
an
d
Ma
h
m
o
u
d
[
2
3
]
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
e
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
en
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
s
p
u
r
r
ed
b
y
th
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
o
f
a
n
a
tio
n
wid
e
th
r
ee
-
y
ea
r
p
r
o
ject
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
b
o
ls
ter
in
g
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
ac
r
o
s
s
r
esid
en
tial,
in
d
u
s
tr
ial,
an
d
p
u
b
lic
u
tili
ty
s
ec
to
r
s
.
I
t
e
n
co
m
p
ass
es
a
d
iv
er
s
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
au
d
its
an
d
p
o
we
r
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
.
B
ased
o
n
th
ese
ass
e
s
s
m
en
ts
,
th
e
co
llectiv
e
p
o
te
n
tial
f
o
r
c
o
n
s
er
v
atio
n
in
th
ese
s
ec
to
r
s
am
o
u
n
ts
to
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
tely
1
5
%
o
f
th
e
o
v
er
all
en
er
g
y
u
s
ag
e.
T
h
e
ass
o
ciate
d
in
v
es
tm
en
t
co
s
ts
in
th
is
in
d
u
s
tr
y
ar
e
r
elativ
ely
m
o
d
est,
with
a
p
ay
b
ac
k
p
er
io
d
s
p
an
n
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
6
to
3
6
m
o
n
th
s
.
A
p
r
o
jecte
d
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
1
0
% in
n
ew
en
e
r
g
y
p
r
o
c
u
r
em
e
n
t c
ap
ac
ity
is
an
ticip
ated
as a
d
ir
ec
t o
u
tco
m
e
.
T
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
-
s
av
in
g
in
itiativ
es
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
d
in
th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
ec
to
r
s
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
with
ce
m
en
t
f
ac
t
o
r
ies
b
ein
g
o
f
p
ar
am
o
u
n
t
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
[
2
4
]
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
th
e
ce
m
en
t
in
d
u
s
tr
y
i
n
Mo
r
o
cc
o
g
r
ap
p
les
with
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
en
er
g
y
e
x
p
en
s
es,
co
n
s
titu
tin
g
o
v
er
two
-
th
ir
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
to
tal
ce
m
en
t
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
co
s
ts
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
elec
tr
icity
an
d
f
u
el
ex
p
e
n
s
es
m
ak
e
u
p
4
0
%
an
d
3
0
%
o
f
th
e
o
v
er
all
ce
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
c
o
s
ts
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
is
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
co
n
ce
r
ted
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
alig
n
th
e
ce
m
en
t
s
ec
to
r
with
th
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
er
v
atio
n
tar
g
et
s
o
u
tlin
ed
in
Mo
r
o
cc
o
'
s
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
s
tr
ateg
y
.
I
n
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
tu
d
y
,
Fellao
u
an
d
B
o
u
n
ah
m
id
i
[
2
5
]
co
n
d
u
cte
d
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
m
ass
an
d
en
e
r
g
y
b
alan
ce
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
an
ex
is
tin
g
ce
m
e
n
t
m
ill
in
Mo
r
o
cc
o
.
B
ef
o
r
e
d
ep
l
o
y
in
g
t
h
em
to
ca
lc
u
late
u
n
m
e
asu
r
ed
v
ar
iab
les,
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
wer
e
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ly
v
alid
ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
L
ag
r
an
g
e
m
u
ltip
lier
s
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
d
ata
p
er
tain
in
g
to
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
ass
o
ciate
d
lo
s
s
es
ar
e
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
p
r
esen
ted
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
en
tire
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
lin
e
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
lev
er
a
g
ed
to
ass
ess
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
's en
er
g
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No
.
4
,
Dece
m
b
er
20
2
4
:
9
5
2
-
962
954
T
h
is
p
ap
er
co
n
d
u
cts
an
ex
h
au
s
tiv
e
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
au
d
it
f
o
r
an
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
i
s
in
v
o
lv
es
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
co
llectin
g
d
ata
f
r
o
m
elec
tr
ic
b
ills
,
co
m
p
lem
e
n
ted
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
a
h
i
g
h
-
q
u
ality
en
er
g
y
an
aly
ze
r
an
d
a
th
er
m
o
g
r
ap
h
y
ca
m
e
r
a.
T
h
e
e
n
s
u
in
g
d
ata
is
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
an
aly
s
is
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
p
ap
e
r
ex
p
lo
r
es
av
e
n
u
es
f
o
r
r
ed
u
cin
g
elec
tr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
u
n
d
er
ta
k
es
an
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
p
o
ten
t
ial
tr
ac
k
s
f
o
r
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
elec
tr
ic
en
er
g
y
u
s
ag
e,
em
p
lo
y
in
g
an
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
p
a
p
er
u
n
f
o
ld
s
i
n
th
r
ee
m
ain
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
I
n
itially
,
it
s
cr
u
tin
izes
th
e
co
m
p
an
y
'
s
elec
tr
ic
b
ill
u
n
d
er
ex
a
m
in
atio
n
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
is
,
a
d
etailed
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
d
ata
c
o
llected
f
r
o
m
th
e
q
u
a
lity
p
o
wer
an
aly
ze
r
an
d
th
er
m
o
g
r
ap
h
y
ca
m
er
a
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
th
ir
d
s
ec
tio
n
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
cu
r
tail
elec
tr
ical
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
S
:
E
L
E
CT
R
I
CA
L
E
N
E
RG
Y
AUD
I
T
A
ND
R
E
DUC
T
I
O
N
I
N
I
NDU
ST
RI
AL
P
RO
CE
SS
E
S
I
n
th
e
i
n
itial
p
h
ase
o
f
o
u
r
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
h
is
to
r
ical
elec
tr
i
c
b
ills
f
o
r
t
h
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
p
r
o
ce
s
s
u
n
d
er
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
ar
e
d
ilig
en
tly
co
l
lecte
d
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
a
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
en
er
g
y
an
aly
ze
r
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ata
o
n
cr
itical
elec
tr
ical
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
en
t,
p
o
w
er
f
ac
to
r
,
an
d
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
is
,
a
th
er
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
ca
m
e
r
a
is
d
ep
lo
y
ed
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
er
m
al
im
ag
es
o
f
elec
tr
ical
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
is
s
tep
i
s
in
s
tr
u
m
en
tal
in
id
en
tify
i
n
g
p
o
ten
tial
ar
ea
s
o
f
in
e
f
f
icien
cy
an
d
o
v
er
h
ea
ti
n
g
,
th
u
s
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
a
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
o
u
r
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
e
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Ou
r
f
o
cu
s
s
h
if
ts
to
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
s
tag
e
with
th
e
d
ata
co
llected
.
Her
e,
a
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ex
am
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
g
ath
er
e
d
elec
tr
ic
b
ills
is
co
n
d
u
cte
d
t
o
g
ain
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
in
s
ig
h
ts
i
n
to
h
is
to
r
ical
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
p
atter
n
s
.
Simu
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
,
th
e
d
ata
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
q
u
ality
en
e
r
g
y
an
aly
ze
r
i
s
an
aly
ze
d
,
e
n
ab
lin
g
u
s
to
ass
ess
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
,
id
en
tify
h
a
r
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
s
,
an
d
p
in
p
o
in
t
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
t
h
er
m
al
im
ag
es
ca
p
tu
r
e
d
a
r
e
r
ev
iewe
d
to
d
etec
t
h
o
ts
p
o
ts
a
n
d
an
o
m
alies
in
elec
tr
ical
eq
u
ip
m
en
t,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
v
alu
ab
le
in
d
icatio
n
s
o
f
p
o
ten
tial e
n
e
r
g
y
wastag
e.
Mo
v
in
g
in
to
t
h
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
e
v
alu
ati
o
n
p
h
ase,
we
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
ea
m
l
ess
ly
f
r
o
m
o
u
r
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
aly
s
es.
T
h
is
s
tag
e
in
v
o
l
v
es
id
en
tify
in
g
en
er
g
y
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
,
wh
e
r
e
p
o
ten
tial
av
e
n
u
es
f
o
r
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
elec
tr
icity
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
a
r
e
e
x
p
lo
r
e
d
.
T
h
ese
a
v
en
u
es
in
cl
u
d
e
o
p
tim
izin
g
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
o
p
er
atio
n
,
u
p
g
r
a
d
in
g
to
m
o
r
e
en
er
g
y
-
e
f
f
i
cien
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
an
d
im
p
le
m
en
tin
g
en
er
g
y
-
s
av
in
g
p
r
ac
tic
es.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
is
,
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
co
s
t
-
b
e
n
ef
it
a
n
aly
s
is
en
s
u
es,
ev
alu
atin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
u
p
f
r
o
n
t
in
v
estme
n
t,
ex
p
ec
ted
e
n
er
g
y
s
av
in
g
s
,
an
d
p
ay
b
ac
k
p
er
io
d
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
ass
ess
m
en
t
in
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
an
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
em
en
t
p
lan
,
o
u
tlin
in
g
s
p
ec
if
ic
ac
tio
n
s
,
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
p
ar
t
ies,
an
d
tim
elin
es
f
o
r
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
th
e
i
d
en
tifie
d
r
ed
u
ctio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies.
T
h
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
s
u
r
e
s
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
an
d
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
e
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
war
d
s
ac
h
iev
in
g
tan
g
ib
le
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
in
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
3.
E
NE
RG
Y
E
CO
NO
M
I
C
S
A
ND
DATA A
NAL
YSI
S
3
.
1
.
T
a
rif
f
s
:
S
ea
s
o
na
l
a
nd
t
im
e
-
of
-
da
y
s
ub
s
t
a
t
io
n r
a
t
es
I
n
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
,
it
r
em
ai
n
s
cr
u
cial
to
f
ac
to
r
in
th
e
to
tal
k
ilo
watt
-
h
o
u
r
s
co
n
s
u
m
ed
an
d
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
e
r
io
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
wh
ich
th
is
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ic
ity
p
r
icin
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
p
r
im
ar
ily
h
in
g
es
o
n
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
with
in
d
esig
n
ated
tim
e
s
lo
ts
in
T
ab
le
1
.
E
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
an
ag
in
g
th
ese
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
h
o
u
r
s
h
o
ld
s
th
e
k
ey
to
ex
er
tin
g
g
r
ea
ter
c
o
n
tr
o
l o
v
er
th
e
elec
tr
icity
b
ill an
d
o
p
tim
izin
g
co
s
ts
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
u
m
e
d
ch
ar
g
e
(
C
C
)
is
ca
lcu
lated
in
(
1
)
b
y
s
u
m
m
in
g
u
p
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
ea
c
h
tim
e
s
lo
t
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ap
p
licab
l
e
tar
if
f
an
d
ch
o
s
en
o
p
tio
n
.
W
h
er
e
p
_
FH
is
th
e
p
r
ic
e
p
er
k
W
h
o
f
th
e
f
u
ll
h
o
u
r
;
p
_
PH
is
th
e
p
r
ice
p
er
k
W
h
o
f
th
e
p
ea
k
h
o
u
r
;
HC
P
i
s
th
e
p
r
ice
p
er
k
W
h
o
f
an
o
f
f
-
p
ea
k
h
o
u
r
;
an
d
C
o
n
s
is
ac
tiv
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
ed
d
u
r
in
g
a
tim
e
s
h
if
t
.
=
∗
_
+
∗
_
+
∗
_
(
1
)
3
.
2
.
St
a
nd
a
rd
t
a
rif
f
s
t
ruct
ure
(
M
T
)
T
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
co
n
s
u
m
ed
en
e
r
g
y
is
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
ta
r
if
f
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
,
as
o
u
tlin
ed
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
in
clu
d
es
a
f
ix
ed
a
n
n
u
al
f
ee
b
ased
o
n
s
u
b
s
cr
ib
ed
p
o
wer
in
k
VA.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
a
f
ac
ilit
y
with
5
0
0
k
VA
o
f
r
eg
is
ter
ed
p
o
wer
wo
u
ld
p
a
y
a
n
an
n
u
al
f
ix
ed
f
ee
o
f
$
5
3
.
9
6
p
e
r
k
VA
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SS
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.
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Me
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Fig
u
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,
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r
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ly
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u
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.
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ef
lects
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ately
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ates
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atter
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23
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d
T
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FS
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at
Hass
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First Un
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ity
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Settat (
UHP)
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Mo
r
o
cc
o
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as we
ll a
s
to
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in
d
u
s
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l c
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o
f
th
is
en
d
ea
v
o
r
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
D
.
M
o
y
a
,
R
.
T
o
r
r
e
s,
a
n
d
S
.
S
t
e
g
e
n
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
s
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s
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f
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h
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Ec
u
a
d
o
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y
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u
d
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:
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r
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v
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f
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y
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r
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m
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t
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o
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w
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b
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n
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b
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/
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.
r
ser.
2
0
1
6
.
0
4
.
0
5
2
.
[
2
]
A
.
K
l
u
c
z
e
k
a
n
d
P
.
O
l
sz
e
w
sk
i
,
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E
n
e
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g
y
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t
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l
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o
u
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1
0
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1
2
3
.
[
3
]
L.
G
.
M
k
h
a
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mer
,
M
.
A
r
a
f
e
h
,
a
n
d
A
.
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.
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k
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,
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t
e
r
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o
n
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l
J
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l
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Bu
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ss M
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1
8
4
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9
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2
.
[
4
]
H
.
R
.
T
h
a
k
a
r
e
,
S
.
U
.
P
a
t
i
l
,
a
n
d
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.
R
.
P
a
t
i
l
,
“
T
e
c
h
n
o
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e
c
o
n
o
mi
c
a
ssessm
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n
t
o
f
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
i
n
g
p
r
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n
sm
a
l
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sca
l
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n
d
u
st
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o
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v
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l
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y
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a
v
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n
g
p
o
t
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t
i
a
l
,
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Ma
t
e
ri
a
l
s
T
o
d
a
y
:
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.
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p
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.
m
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t
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2
0
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2
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0
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0
5
.
[
5
]
M
.
F
a
r
h
o
o
d
n
e
a
,
A
.
M
o
h
a
me
d
,
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.
S
h
a
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f
,
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n
d
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.
Za
y
a
n
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h
r
o
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d
i
,
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O
p
t
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mu
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p
l
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f
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c
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d
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s
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sy
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h
a
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me
n
t
,
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A
p
p
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p
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o
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rn
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l
,
v
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l
.
2
3
,
p
p
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2
4
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0
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4
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1
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.
a
s
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c
.
2
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4
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0
6
.
0
3
8
.
[
6
]
A
.
B
o
h
a
r
b
,
A
.
A
l
l
o
u
h
i
,
R
.
S
a
i
d
u
r
,
T
.
K
o
u
s
k
s
o
u
,
a
n
d
A
.
Jam
i
l
,
“
En
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
ser
v
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t
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o
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p
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p
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d
u
st
r
y
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n
M
o
r
o
c
c
o
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
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l
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r P
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[
7
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F
.
H
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k
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,
J.
H
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k
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,
J.
A
.
B
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G
o
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a
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m
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[
8
]
R
.
G
u
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t
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a
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d
K
.
S
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h
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y
,
“
C
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[
9
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P
.
K
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.
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.
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B
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RAP
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S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Dr
.
K
a
m
a
l
An
o
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is
c
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rre
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F
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d
Tec
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ics
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tt
a
t)
a
t
Ha
ss
a
n
F
irst
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
(UH
P
)
in
S
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t
tat,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
.
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v
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sl
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b
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t,
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ra
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d
Ho
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o
ris
Un
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2
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3
.
Wi
t
h
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d
isti
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d
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c
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d
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m
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P
h
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D
.
in
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p
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tt
e
r
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b
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d
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icr
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ri
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sy
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m
s
,
Dr.
A
n
o
u
n
e
is
a
lea
d
in
g
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x
p
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rt
in
su
sta
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n
a
b
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n
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rg
y
.
His
c
o
n
tri
b
u
ti
o
n
s
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x
ten
d
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c
u
tt
in
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r
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s,
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rt
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rc
h
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g
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m
s,
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n
d
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a
tt
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a
n
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g
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t
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ste
m
s
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v
e
n
b
y
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ri
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g
d
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d
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ti
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rit
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d
o
m
a
in
s,
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e
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c
o
m
m
it
ted
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o
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g
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g
re
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m
o
re
s
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sta
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b
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fu
t
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re
.
Dr.
A
n
o
u
n
e
'
s
in
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n
ti
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l
imp
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c
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t
th
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h
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m
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s
p
a
ten
ts
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p
u
b
l
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c
a
ti
o
n
s,
a
n
d
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n
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ti
o
n
s,
sp
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c
ifi
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ll
y
fo
c
u
si
n
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n
e
rg
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to
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a
n
d
BM
S
.
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p
lay
s
a
n
a
c
ti
v
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ro
le
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n
sc
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ti
fic
c
o
m
m
it
tee
s.
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s
e
rv
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s
a
s
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p
ro
g
ra
m
c
o
m
m
it
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(P
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sc
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c
a
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c
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tac
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m
a
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:
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c
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m
a
.
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