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20
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4
,
Dec
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b
er
20
24
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ch
as
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
en
t
,
s
p
ee
d
,
a
n
d
t
em
p
er
atu
r
e
a
r
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
a
s
ed
o
n
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
clo
u
d
.
Sin
ce
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
asy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
to
r
ca
n
b
e
a
d
ju
s
ted
,
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
asy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
to
r
is
co
n
tr
o
lle
d
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
PW
M
)
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
ily
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
t
h
e
in
p
u
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
p
o
wer
[
3
]
.
R
eg
u
lar
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
o
f
p
a
r
am
eter
s
e
n
s
u
r
es
co
n
tin
u
ity
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
in
c
r
ea
s
es
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
en
g
in
es
in
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
I
t
ca
n
a
ls
o
p
r
ev
en
t
ab
n
o
r
m
alities
in
th
e
asy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
to
r
a
n
d
d
et
ec
t
th
e
f
au
lt
in
th
e
asy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
to
r
ea
r
ly
.
I
f
a
m
al
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
in
th
e
m
o
to
r
,
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
'
s
v
alu
es
s
u
c
h
as
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
e
n
t,
s
p
ee
d
,
a
n
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
d
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
th
at
will
s
en
d
a
s
ig
n
al
to
Ar
d
u
in
o
Un
o
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
e
ter
m
in
ed
.
an
d
th
en
s
et
th
e
co
m
m
an
d
to
r
esp
o
n
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
c
lo
u
d
to
th
e
en
g
in
e.
Af
ter
th
e
cr
im
e
is
elim
in
ate
d
,
a
war
n
in
g
will
b
e
s
en
t
to
th
e
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
an
d
it
s
h
o
u
ld
not
b
e
r
ep
ea
ted
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
esear
ch
o
b
jectiv
es o
f
th
e
ar
ticle
ar
e
as f
o
llo
ws:
-
Fo
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
co
m
m
er
cial
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
b
u
s
in
ess
o
r
o
th
e
r
f
ield
s
,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
a
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
to
r
s
r
ely
o
n
th
e
in
ter
n
et
o
f
t
h
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
.
T
h
an
k
s
to
ea
r
ly
d
iag
n
o
s
is
,
th
er
e
r
elev
an
t p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
d
am
a
g
e
t
o
th
e
en
g
in
e
ca
n
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
.
-
Pro
tect
th
e
m
o
to
r
f
r
o
m
o
v
e
r
lo
ad
,
o
v
e
r
cu
r
r
e
n
t,
an
d
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e.
-
Av
o
id
d
o
wn
tim
e
b
y
s
tar
tin
g
an
d
s
to
p
p
in
g
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
,
s
tar
t
as
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
to
r
s
with
au
to
m
atic
co
n
tr
o
l
o
r
m
an
u
al
co
n
tr
o
l.
-
A
wid
ely
u
s
ed
m
o
to
r
m
eth
o
d
ca
n
b
e
an
aly
ze
d
in
to
cu
r
r
en
t,
v
o
ltag
e
,
s
p
ee
d
,
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
[
6
]
.
2.
P
WM
–
B
A
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
F
O
R
I
NDUC
T
I
O
N
M
O
T
O
R
M
O
NI
T
O
RING
2
.
1
.
B
lo
c
k
dia
g
ra
m
o
f
ind
uct
io
n m
o
t
o
r
mo
nito
ring
s
y
s
t
e
m
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
p
ee
d
-
c
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
s
y
s
tem
o
f
an
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
t
o
r
[
7
]
.
T
h
is
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
s
h
o
w
s
f
o
u
r
s
en
s
o
r
s
t
o
d
etec
t
f
o
u
r
p
ar
am
eter
s
:
v
o
ltag
e
,
cu
r
r
en
t,
s
p
ee
d
,
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
[
8
]
.
Mo
n
ito
r
th
e
a
b
n
o
r
m
al
c
o
n
d
itio
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
s
en
d
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
tatu
s
o
f
th
e
a
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
to
r
to
Ar
d
u
in
o
Un
o
v
ia
Wi
-
Fi
[
9
]
.
W
ith
th
e
h
elp
o
f
m
o
b
ile,
we
will
g
et
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
th
e
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
[
1
0
]
.
I
f
a
f
a
u
lt
o
cc
u
r
s
in
th
e
asy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
to
r
,
it
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
o
we
r
s
u
p
p
ly
.
W
h
atev
er
is
b
ein
g
watc
h
ed
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
d
iv
id
u
ally
o
n
th
e
L
C
D
[
1
1
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
a
n
d
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l o
f A
C
mo
to
r
u
s
in
g
P
WM
tech
n
iq
u
e
(
A
mb
a
r
a
p
u
S
u
d
h
a
k
a
r
)
1007
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
SYS
T
E
M
T
h
e
b
lo
c
k
d
iag
r
am
b
elo
w
is
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
r
ep
r
esen
ts
d
etailed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
lan
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
co
m
p
lete
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
lan
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
is
d
iag
r
am
s
h
o
ws
h
o
w
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
o
p
er
atio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
,
th
e
ac
tu
al
s
ig
n
als f
lo
w
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
to
an
o
th
e
r
,
an
d
wh
a
t th
e
m
ajo
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
[
1
2
]
.
3
.
1
.
Wo
r
k
ing
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
cir
cu
it
d
i
ag
r
am
a
n
d
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
h
ar
d
wa
r
e
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
t
o
r
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
PW
M
te
ch
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
b
lo
c
k
d
ia
g
r
am
d
ep
icts
a
n
I
o
T
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
ed
to
m
o
n
ito
r
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
an
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
[
1
3
]
.
Sen
s
o
r
s
co
n
s
tan
tly
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
(
i
f
th
er
e
ar
e
s
p
ee
d
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
th
eir
d
ata
will
al
s
o
b
e
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
)
[
1
4
]
.
Sen
s
o
r
d
ata
is
s
en
t
to
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
n
it
(
MCU)
.
T
h
e
MCU
s
en
d
s
s
en
s
o
r
d
ata
to
T
h
in
g
Sp
ea
k
an
d
co
n
n
ec
ts
to
th
e
clo
u
d
p
latf
o
r
m
v
ia
t
h
e
W
i
-
Fi
m
o
d
u
le.
Data
is
s
to
r
ed
in
T
h
in
g
Sp
ea
k
ch
an
n
els
an
d
ca
n
b
e
v
iewe
d
i
n
th
e
d
ash
b
o
ar
d
o
r
ac
ce
s
s
ed
v
ia
th
e
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
[
1
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Ov
e
r
all
b
lo
ck
d
ia
g
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
ir
cu
it d
iag
r
am
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
13
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
0
0
5
-
1
0
1
3
1008
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Har
d
war
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
MCU
u
s
es
a
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
er
ci
r
c
u
it
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
lo
ad
e
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
o
r
th
e
co
m
m
an
d
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
MCU
ca
n
also
u
s
e
s
en
s
o
r
d
ata
(
if
av
ailab
le)
to
im
p
lem
en
t
s
af
ety
f
ea
tu
r
es,
s
u
ch
as
s
h
u
ttin
g
d
o
wn
th
e
s
y
s
tem
if
it
o
v
er
h
ea
ts
o
r
o
v
er
lo
ad
s
[
1
6
]
.
Pu
ls
e
wid
t
h
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
PW
M
)
is
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
th
at
co
n
tr
o
ls
th
e
p
o
wer
s
en
t
to
th
e
d
ev
ice
b
y
tu
r
n
in
g
th
e
d
e
v
ice
o
n
an
d
o
f
f
.
B
y
v
a
r
y
in
g
th
e
d
u
t
y
cy
c
le
o
f
th
e
PW
M
s
ig
n
al
(
d
u
r
at
io
n
v
er
s
u
s
to
tal
cy
cle
tim
e)
t
h
e
av
er
ag
e
p
o
we
r
d
eliv
er
ed
t
o
th
e
m
o
to
r
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
p
ee
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
.
O
th
er
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
PW
M
in
clu
d
e
r
ed
u
cin
g
h
ea
t in
th
e
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
r
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
m
o
t
o
r
s
p
ee
d
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
m
an
y
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
an
d
th
e
Har
d
war
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Sen
s
o
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
co
n
s
tan
tly
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
MCU)
(
u
s
u
ally
an
Ar
d
u
in
o
Un
o
in
th
is
ca
s
e)
ac
ts
a
s
th
e
b
r
ain
,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
en
s
o
r
d
ata
an
d
co
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
th
e
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
er
cir
cu
it
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
lo
ad
ed
i
n
to
it
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
W
i
-
Fi
m
o
d
u
le
allo
ws
th
e
MCU
to
co
n
n
ec
t
to
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
s
en
d
d
ata
to
th
e
T
h
in
g
Sp
ea
k
clo
u
d
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
s
to
r
ag
e,
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
,
an
d
n
o
tific
atio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
[
2
0
]
-
[
2
2
]
.
Data
ca
n
also
b
e
ac
ce
s
s
ed
v
ia
a
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
(
n
o
t
s
h
o
wn
)
.
T
h
e
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
er
cir
cu
it
co
n
tr
o
ls
th
e
p
o
wer
s
en
t
to
th
e
m
o
to
r
an
d
u
ltima
tely
its
s
p
ee
d
[
2
3
]
.
L
C
D
s
cr
ee
n
(
o
p
tio
n
al)
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
s
tan
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
m
o
to
r
s
u
c
h
as
s
p
ee
d
,
v
o
ltag
e,
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t [
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
ex
ce
p
tio
n
al
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
PW
M
)
tech
n
iq
u
e
in
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
a
n
d
c
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
alter
n
atin
g
cu
r
r
en
t
(
AC
)
m
o
to
r
s
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
ec
is
e
m
an
ip
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
wid
th
a
n
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
p
u
ls
es,
th
e
PW
M
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
ac
h
iev
es
r
em
ar
k
ab
le
ac
cu
r
ac
y
in
r
eg
u
latin
g
m
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
with
in
s
p
ec
if
ied
s
et
p
o
i
n
ts
.
T
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
th
e
PW
M
-
co
n
tr
o
lle
d
m
o
to
r
s
p
r
o
v
es
to
b
e
h
ig
h
ly
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e,
with
m
in
im
al
tr
an
s
ien
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
d
u
r
in
g
s
p
ee
d
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
th
e
s
tab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
PW
M
-
co
n
tr
o
lled
m
o
to
r
s
is
n
o
tab
le,
s
h
o
w
ca
s
in
g
r
ed
u
ce
d
lev
els
o
f
n
o
is
e
an
d
v
ib
r
atio
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
es
to
a
q
u
ieter
an
d
s
m
o
o
th
er
m
o
to
r
o
p
er
atio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l
in
r
p
m
,
m
o
to
r
liv
e
cu
r
r
en
t,
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
ar
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
o
n
L
C
D
an
d
in
t
h
e
T
h
in
g
Sp
ea
k
ap
p
licatio
n
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
o
n
lin
e
m
o
d
e.
Fig
u
r
e
5
d
ep
icts
th
e
L
C
D,
wh
ich
also
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
ab
o
v
e
p
a
r
am
eter
s
ar
e
u
p
lo
a
d
e
d
to
th
e
I
o
T
s
er
v
e
r
b
y
d
is
p
lay
in
g
th
e
s
y
m
b
o
ls
o
f
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
lik
e
‘
S’,
‘
T
’
,
‘
C
’
,
an
d
‘
V’
.
T
h
e
I
o
T
d
ash
b
o
a
r
d
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
a
b
le
1
,
s
h
o
w
ca
s
in
g
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
s
ep
ar
a
te
m
eter
s
in
clu
d
e
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
en
t,
d
ate
an
d
tim
e
esti
m
atio
n
,
t
em
p
er
at
u
r
e,
an
d
s
p
ee
d
.
T
ab
le
2
,
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
an
L
C
D
d
is
p
lay
.
T
h
e
s
ep
a
r
ate
m
eter
s
in
clu
d
e
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
en
t,
d
ate
an
d
tim
e
esti
m
atio
n
,
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
,
an
d
s
p
ee
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Sam
p
le
L
C
D
r
ea
d
in
g
at
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
in
ter
v
al
o
f
tim
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
a
n
d
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l o
f A
C
mo
to
r
u
s
in
g
P
WM
tech
n
iq
u
e
(
A
mb
a
r
a
p
u
S
u
d
h
a
k
a
r
)
1009
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
I
o
T
d
ash
b
o
a
r
d
d
is
p
lay
s
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
p
ar
am
eter
s
S
.
n
o
Te
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
S
p
e
e
d
D
a
t
e
21
27
2
3
0
1
2
6
2
2
0
2
4
-
02
-
0
2
1
2
:
4
4
:
5
4
22
28
2
3
0
98
1
2
0
2
4
-
02
-
0
2
1
2
:
4
4
:
3
2
23
27
2
3
0
96
1
2
0
2
4
-
02
-
0
2
1
2
:
4
4
:
2
1
24
25
2
3
0
99
1
2
0
2
4
-
02
-
0
2
1
2
:
4
4
:
1
0
25
26
2
3
0
1
0
9
1
2
0
2
4
-
02
-
0
2
1
2
:
4
4
:
0
0
26
26
0
0
0
2
0
2
4
-
02
-
0
2
1
2
:
4
3
:
0
4
27
27
0
0
0
2
0
2
4
-
02
-
0
1
1
2
:
3
5
:
3
3
28
30
2
3
0
1
2
3
2
2
0
2
4
-
02
-
0
1
1
2
:
1
8
:
2
3
29
29
2
3
0
1
3
5
4
2
0
2
4
-
02
-
0
1
1
2
:
1
8
:
0
9
30
27
2
3
0
1
2
1
3
2
0
2
4
-
02
-
0
1
1
2
:
1
7
:
3
9
T
ab
le
2
.
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
o
f
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
s
in
L
C
D
d
is
p
lay
S
.
n
o
Te
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
I
n
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
(
v
)
O
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
(
v
)
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
(
mA
)
S
p
e
e
d
(
R
P
M
)
1
33
0
12
0
0
2
34
2
3
0
1
3
0
1
0
9
1
3
6
0
3
35
2
3
0
1
7
0
1
2
6
1
8
2
1
4
37
2
3
0
2
0
0
1
3
0
2
0
4
3
5
39
2
3
0
2
2
0
1
3
5
2
3
3
2
4
.
1
.
T
he
re
s
ults a
re
a
L
SO
o
bta
ined in g
ra
ph
ica
l c
ha
rt
s
i
n t
he
T
hi
ng
Sp
ea
k
m
o
bil
e
a
p
pli
ca
t
io
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
d
e
p
icts
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
r
ap
h
,
w
h
ich
ty
p
ically
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
d
u
ty
cy
cle
o
f
th
e
PW
M
s
ig
n
al
an
d
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
m
o
t
o
r
.
Ho
r
izo
n
tal
ax
is
(
tim
e)
:
r
ep
r
esen
ts
tim
e
in
th
e
PW
M
cy
cle.
Ver
tical
ax
is
(
v
o
ltag
e)
:
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
u
p
p
lied
to
th
e
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
is
is
a
s
tr
aig
h
t
lin
e
at
a
ce
r
tain
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el.
I
t
r
ep
r
e
s
en
ts
th
e
d
esire
d
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
m
ain
tain
a
co
n
s
tan
t
s
p
ee
d
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
to
r
u
n
d
er
s
p
ec
if
ic
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tan
t
v
o
ltag
e
lin
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
esir
ed
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el
f
o
r
m
ain
tain
in
g
a
co
n
s
tan
t
s
p
ee
d
.
T
o
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
m
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
,
th
e
PW
M
d
u
ty
cy
cle
is
ad
ju
s
ted
s
u
ch
th
at
th
e
av
er
ag
e
v
o
ltag
e
m
atch
es
th
is
d
esire
d
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tan
t
v
o
ltag
e
g
r
ap
h
illu
s
tr
ates
how
th
e
PW
M
d
u
ty
cy
cle
is
ad
ju
s
ted
to
m
ain
tain
a
co
n
s
tan
t v
o
ltag
e
le
v
el,
th
u
s
c
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
t
h
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
t
o
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
d
ep
icts
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
g
r
ap
h
ty
p
ically
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
r
el
atio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
d
u
ty
c
y
cle
o
f
th
e
PW
M
s
ig
n
al
an
d
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
d
r
awn
b
y
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
m
o
to
r
d
r
aws
a
h
ig
h
er
cu
r
r
en
t
as
it
ac
ce
ler
ates
f
r
o
m
its
s
tar
tin
g
s
p
ee
d
to
th
e
d
esire
d
o
p
er
atin
g
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
d
r
awn
b
y
t
h
e
m
o
to
r
in
cr
ea
s
es
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
ally
with
th
e
d
u
ty
c
y
cle,
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
m
o
to
r
'
s
ef
f
o
r
t
to
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
lo
ad
an
d
m
ain
tain
th
e
d
esire
d
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
g
r
ap
h
illu
s
tr
ates
h
o
w
th
e
d
u
ty
cy
cle
o
f
th
e
PW
M
s
ig
n
al
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
d
r
awn
b
y
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
m
o
to
r
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
v
alu
a
b
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
m
o
to
r
'
s
s
p
ee
d
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
p
ar
a
m
eter
o
f
p
er
p
h
ase
v
o
ltag
e
wav
e
f
o
r
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
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ically
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ile
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e
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d
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ile
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ates
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ip
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u
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ates
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ates
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rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tr
o
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
K
o
n
e
ru
Lak
sh
m
a
iah
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
F
o
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
.
He
C
o
m
p
lete
d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
in
t
h
e
field
o
f
l
o
w
p
o
we
r
VLS
I
fro
m
G
u
lb
a
rg
a
u
n
iv
e
rsity
i
n
2
0
1
6
.
S
imilarl
y
,
h
e
h
a
s
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
is
m
a
ste
rs
in
th
e
field
o
f
e
lec
tro
n
ics
fro
m
Bh
a
ra
th
Un
i
v
e
r
sity
a
t
Ch
e
n
n
a
i
in
2
0
0
5
.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
m
o
re
t
h
a
n
6
0
p
a
p
e
rs,
2
p
a
ten
ts,
h
is
H
-
in
d
e
x
is
1
5
a
n
d
c
it
a
ti
o
n
s
a
re
m
o
re
th
a
n
3
7
1
+
.
He
is
a
re
v
iew
e
r
fo
r
se
v
e
ra
l
jo
u
rn
a
ls.
I
n
a
d
d
it
io
n
to
t
h
e
p
a
p
e
rs,
h
e
h
a
d
c
o
m
p
lete
d
o
n
e
g
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
fu
n
d
e
d
p
ro
jec
t.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
m
si
v
a
k
u
m
a
r@k
l
u
n
i
v
e
rsity
.
in
.
Ne
la
tu
r
i
Na
n
d
a
Pra
k
a
sh
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
Lo
v
e
ly
P
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Ja
lan
d
h
a
r,
P
u
n
jab
,
In
d
ia,
i
n
2
0
1
5
a
n
d
M
.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
fro
m
Ko
n
e
ru
Lak
sh
m
a
iah
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
F
o
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
,
Va
d
d
e
sw
a
ra
m
,
G
u
n
tu
r,
I
n
d
ia
in
2
0
1
7
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
re
se
a
rc
h
sc
h
o
lar
with
t
h
e
Ko
n
e
ru
Lak
sh
m
a
iah
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
F
o
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
,
Va
d
d
e
sw
a
ra
m
,
G
u
n
tu
r,
In
d
ia
.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
se
v
e
ra
l
p
a
p
e
rs
in
i
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
fe
re
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
jo
u
rn
a
ls
i
n
th
e
fiel
d
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
n
a
n
d
a
p
ra
k
a
sh
n
e
latu
ri@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Dr
.
Ye
lu
r
ip
a
ti
L
a
li
t
h
a
K
a
m
e
sw
a
r
i
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
B.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
e
lec
tro
n
ics
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
JN
TU
Ka
k
in
a
d
a
;
M
.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
d
r
iv
e
s
a
n
d
P
h
.
D.
fro
m
K
o
n
e
ru
Lak
s
h
m
a
iah
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
F
o
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
(De
e
m
e
d
to
b
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
)
.
S
h
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
w
o
rk
i
n
g
a
s
a
ss
istan
t
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
in
EE
E
De
p
a
rtme
n
t,
M
LR
In
sti
tu
te
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
.
S
h
e
h
a
d
6
y
e
a
rs
o
f
t
e
a
c
h
in
g
e
x
p
e
rie
n
c
e
in
JN
TUH
&
JN
TUK
a
ffil
iate
d
c
o
ll
e
g
e
s
a
n
d
re
c
e
iv
e
d
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Li
fe
Ti
m
e
Ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t
Aw
a
rd
,
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Yo
u
n
g
Re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
Aw
a
rd
,
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Tea
c
h
e
r
a
wa
rd
,
Ov
e
ra
ll
Ch
a
m
p
io
n
sh
i
p
(sta
tew
id
e
-
1
st)
in
t
h
e
DISA
a
p
p
o
p
e
n
i
n
g
,
t
h
e
Na
a
ri
S
a
m
m
a
n
A
wa
rd
fo
r
S
IF
A
B
o
o
k
o
f
Re
c
o
r
d
s.
S
h
e
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
1
4
jo
u
rn
a
l
p
a
p
e
rs
a
n
d
p
re
se
n
ted
1
0
+
in
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
fe
re
n
c
e
s.
S
h
e
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
1
0
+
b
o
o
k
c
h
a
p
ters
,
fil
e
d
4
p
a
ten
ts,
a
n
d
a
u
th
o
re
d
4
b
o
o
k
s.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
lalit
h
a
y
e
lu
r
ip
a
ti
2
5
9
3
@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Dr
.
Bo
d
a
p
a
t
i
Ve
n
k
a
ta
Ra
j
a
n
n
a
is
a
ss
o
c
iate
p
r
o
fe
ss
o
r
a
t
th
e
C
o
ll
e
g
e
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
M
LR
I
n
stit
u
te
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
In
d
ia.
Re
c
e
iv
e
d
B
.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
e
lec
tro
n
ics
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
C
h
irala
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
Co
l
leg
e
,
JN
TU
,
Ka
k
in
a
d
a
,
In
d
ia,
in
2
0
1
0
,
M
.
T
e
c
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ic
s
a
n
d
d
r
iv
e
s
fr
o
m
K
o
n
e
ru
Lak
sh
m
a
iah
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
F
o
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
,
G
u
n
tu
r,
In
d
ia,
i
n
2
0
1
5
,
a
n
d
P
h
.
D.
i
n
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
e
lec
tro
n
ics
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
Ko
n
e
r
u
Lak
sh
m
a
iah
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
F
o
u
n
d
a
ti
o
n
,
G
u
n
tu
r,
In
d
ia,
i
n
2
0
2
1
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
is
w
o
rk
i
n
g
a
t
M
L
R
In
stit
u
te
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
.
His
c
u
rre
n
t
re
s
e
a
rc
h
in
c
lu
d
e
s
d
y
n
a
m
ic
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
o
f
b
a
tt
e
ries
fo
r
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
sto
ra
g
e
,
e
lec
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
s,
a
n
d
p
o
rtab
le
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
s
in
teg
ra
ti
o
n
with
b
a
tt
e
ry
e
n
e
rg
y
sto
ra
g
e
sy
ste
m
s
(BE
S
S
),
sm
a
rt
m
e
terin
g
a
n
d
sm
a
rt
g
ri
d
s,
m
icro
-
g
ri
d
s,
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
m
e
ter
re
a
d
i
n
g
(AMR)
d
e
v
ice
s,
G
S
M
/G
P
RS
a
n
d
p
o
we
r
li
n
e
c
a
rrier
(P
LC)
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
v
a
rio
u
s
m
o
d
u
lati
o
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
su
c
h
a
s
QPS
K,
BP
S
K,
ASK,
F
S
K,
OO
K,
a
n
d
G
M
S
K.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
ra
jan
n
a
b
v
2
0
1
2
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Mu
k
k
u
Bh
a
v
a
n
a
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
t
M
LR
In
stit
u
te
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
,
In
d
ia
sin
c
e
2
0
2
4
.
S
h
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
wo
rk
in
g
a
s
a
ss
istan
t
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
i
n
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Da
ta
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
C
y
b
e
r
S
e
c
u
rit
y
.
S
h
e
h
a
s
wid
e
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
i
n
th
e
a
re
a
o
f
c
o
m
p
u
ter
n
e
two
r
k
s
a
n
d
in
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
se
c
u
rit
y
.
S
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
B.
Tec
h
.
a
n
d
M
.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
fro
m
G
.
Na
ra
y
a
n
a
m
m
a
In
stit
u
te
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
,
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
,
I
n
d
ia.
S
h
e
h
a
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
te
d
re
se
a
rc
h
,
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
p
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
o
n
h
e
r
a
re
a
o
f
e
x
p
e
rti
se
.
He
r
m
a
in
re
se
a
rc
h
d
irec
ti
o
n
s
i
n
c
lu
d
e
a
rti
ficia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
(n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
a
n
d
fu
z
z
y
l
o
g
ic).
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
m
k
u
m
a
r1
9
7
2
0
8
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
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