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Dig
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1
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.
A
m
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[
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[
3
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W
ater
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R
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[
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[
8
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[
9
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-
[
1
0
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.
W
ater
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tech
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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C
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Sci
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52
A
s
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mb
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d
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fo
r
w
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Ha
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1513
(
DC
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,
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(
DW
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wh
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w
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m
ar
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th
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m
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ain
[
1
3
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[
1
5
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.
A
s
p
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tech
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iq
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o
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[
1
6
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[
1
7
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.
So
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ex
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m
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les
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Sp
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m
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(
I
W
T
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L
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d
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Fre
q
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t
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p
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if
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s
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Nev
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th
eless
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e
f
r
eq
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en
cy
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m
ain
tech
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iq
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e
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b
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two
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wate
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k
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g
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b
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d
an
d
e
x
tr
ac
t
wa
ter
m
ar
k
s
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
Pre
v
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u
s
ly
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th
er
e
h
as
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s
tn
ess
in
i
m
ag
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
i
n
g
.
R
ak
h
m
awa
ti
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
im
ag
e
wa
ter
m
ar
k
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
th
at
u
s
e
s
ad
ap
tiv
e
em
b
ed
d
in
g
s
tr
en
g
th
s
an
d
th
e
q
u
an
tized
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
D
C
T
co
ef
f
icien
ts
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
s
h
o
ws
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
r
esu
lts
in
ter
m
s
o
f
im
p
er
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
a
n
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
to
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
attac
k
s
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
to
war
d
s
r
o
tatio
n
attac
k
s
n
ee
d
s
f
u
r
th
er
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
f
o
r
p
o
te
n
tial
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
s
in
ce
th
e
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
it
w
er
e
q
u
ite
lo
w
with
NC
o
f
0
.
6
3
6
2
a
n
d
B
E
R
o
f
0
.
4
8
8
3
.
Ne
v
er
t
h
eless
,
th
e
m
eth
o
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
a
n
d
ad
a
p
t
iv
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
i
o
u
s
im
ag
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
wh
ich
ca
n
m
ain
tain
a
d
ec
en
t
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
an
d
im
ag
e
q
u
ality
.
W
an
g
et
a
l.
[
2
1
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
em
b
ed
co
lo
u
r
wa
ter
m
ar
k
im
ag
es
in
to
co
l
o
u
r
h
o
s
t
im
ag
es
u
s
in
g
th
e
2
D
-
DC
T
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
b
lin
d
co
lo
u
r
im
ag
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
tr
at
eg
ically
em
b
ed
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
b
y
s
elec
tiv
ely
em
b
ed
d
in
g
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
to
d
is
cr
ete
b
lo
ck
s
o
f
th
e
h
o
s
t
im
ag
e.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
h
as
im
p
r
o
v
ed
its
s
ec
u
r
ity
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
b
o
t
h
af
f
in
e
a
n
d
Ar
n
o
ld
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
as
a
way
to
en
cr
y
p
t
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
ev
alu
ated
b
y
a
p
p
ly
in
g
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
attac
k
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
im
ag
e
p
r
o
c
ess
in
g
attac
k
s
,
g
eo
m
etr
ic
atta
ck
s
,
an
d
co
m
p
o
s
ite
attac
k
s
t
o
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
e
d
im
ag
e.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
well
with
g
eo
m
etr
ic
attac
k
s
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
it
h
as
p
o
o
r
r
esis
tan
ce
to
war
d
s
g
au
s
s
ian
n
o
is
e.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
an
im
ag
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
th
at
im
p
lem
en
ts
s
tr
ateg
ic
s
ca
l
in
g
to
f
u
r
th
er
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
wa
ter
m
ar
k
ed
i
m
ag
e.
T
h
e
s
ch
em
e
will
s
p
lit
th
e
co
v
er
im
a
g
e
i
n
to
r
ed
,
g
r
ee
n
,
a
n
d
b
lu
e
lay
er
s
.
Nex
t,
it
d
iv
id
es
th
o
s
e
lay
er
s
in
to
a
n
o
n
-
o
v
er
lap
p
in
g
b
lo
c
k
o
f
1
6
×1
6
.
T
h
r
ee
le
v
els
o
f
I
W
T
will
b
e
ap
p
lied
o
n
to
th
o
s
e
b
lo
ck
s
,
a
n
d
th
e
L
L
s
u
b
-
b
a
n
d
o
f
s
ize
2
×2
will
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
wa
ter
m
ar
k
em
b
ed
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
c
o
ef
f
icien
ts
o
f
th
e
L
L
s
u
b
-
b
a
n
d
will
b
e
i
d
en
tifie
d
an
d
ca
teg
o
r
ize
d
in
to
t
wo
s
ets
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
d
iag
o
n
als.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
co
ef
f
icien
t v
alu
e
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t d
iag
o
n
al
will b
e
s
ca
led
u
p
war
d
s
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
co
ef
f
icien
t
v
al
u
e
in
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
will
b
e
s
ca
led
d
o
wn
war
d
s
.
B
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
th
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
in
th
e
em
b
ed
d
i
n
g
p
h
ase,
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
is
s
tr
ateg
ically
em
b
ed
d
e
d
in
to
th
e
h
o
s
t
im
ag
e,
wh
ich
will
th
en
en
s
u
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
ag
ain
s
t
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
attac
k
s
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
im
ag
e.
I
n
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
2
,
an
in
-
d
ep
th
ex
p
la
n
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
will
b
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
.
Sectio
n
3
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
tal
r
esu
lts
,
an
d
Sectio
n
4
will b
e
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
f
o
r
th
is
r
esear
ch
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
E
m
bedd
ing
wa
t
er
ma
rk
T
h
e
co
v
er
im
ag
e
will
b
e
s
ep
a
r
ated
in
to
r
ed
,
g
r
ee
n
,
a
n
d
b
lu
e
lay
er
s
.
On
ly
th
e
r
ed
an
d
g
r
ee
n
lay
er
s
will
b
e
u
s
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
p
h
ase.
T
h
e
r
e
d
an
d
g
r
ee
n
lay
er
s
will
g
o
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
r
e
-
em
b
ed
d
i
n
g
p
h
ase,
wh
ich
g
en
er
ates
th
e
lo
ca
l
m
ap
an
d
d
eter
m
in
es
wh
eth
er
o
r
n
o
t
th
e
im
ag
e
ca
n
b
e
em
b
e
d
d
ed
.
I
t
also
d
eter
m
in
es
wh
er
e
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
will b
e
e
m
b
ed
d
e
d
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
wate
r
m
ar
k
em
b
ed
d
in
g
is
d
ep
i
cted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
W
ater
m
ar
k
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
5
1
2
-
1
5
2
0
1514
2
.
1
.
1
.
P
re
-
e
m
bedd
ing
Step
1
: Sep
ar
ate
th
e
co
v
er
im
a
g
e
in
to
r
e
d
,
g
r
ee
n
an
d
b
lu
e
lay
er
s
.
Step
2
: E
x
ec
u
te
Ar
n
o
ld
s
cr
am
b
le
f
o
r
t
h
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
wate
r
m
ar
k
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
.
Step
3
:
Div
id
e
th
e
r
ed
a
n
d
g
r
ee
n
ch
an
n
el
i
n
to
1
6
×
1
6
n
o
n
-
o
v
er
lap
p
i
n
g
b
l
o
ck
s
.
Get
th
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
f
o
r
b
o
th
o
f
th
o
s
e
lay
er
s
.
Step
4
: G
et
s
u
m
Pe,
wh
ich
is
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
p
r
ed
ictio
n
er
r
o
r
b
y
u
s
in
g
Alg
o
r
ith
m
1
.
Alg
o
r
ith
m
1
.
Su
m
o
f
Pre
d
ictio
n
E
r
r
o
r
Alg
o
r
ith
m
Input: LL
1.
sumPe = 0
2.
A = LL (1,1);
3.
B = LL (2,1);
4.
C = LL (1,2);
5.
D = LL (2,2);
6.
if (A >= D)
7.
maxd1 = A;
8.
elseif (A <= D)
9.
maxd1 = D;
10.
end
if
11.
if (C >= B)
12.
maxd2 = C;
13.
elseif (C <= B)
14.
maxd2 = B
15.
end if
16. sumPe = maxd1
–
maxd2;
Output: sumPe
wh
er
e
L
L
d
en
o
tes
th
e
2
×
2
L
L
-
s
u
b
b
an
d
co
e
f
f
icien
t
b
lo
ck
a
n
d
s
u
m
Pe
is
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
p
r
ed
i
ctio
n
er
r
o
r
.
I
n
th
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
th
e
2
×
2
L
L
-
s
u
b
b
a
n
d
co
ef
f
icien
t
b
lo
c
k
will
b
e
m
ar
k
ed
as
b
lo
ck
A,
B
,
C
,
a
n
d
D
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
b
lo
c
k
s
an
d
will
r
esu
lt
in
two
d
iag
o
n
als.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
d
iag
o
n
al
c
o
m
p
r
is
es
o
f
b
l
o
ck
A
an
d
D
wh
ile
th
e
o
th
er
d
iag
o
n
al
c
o
n
tain
s
b
lo
ck
B
an
d
C
.
T
h
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
v
alu
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
f
ir
s
t
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
d
iag
o
n
al
will b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
a
n
d
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
th
em
will o
b
t
ain
th
e
s
u
m
Pe
v
alu
e.
Step
5
: D
eter
m
in
e
T
,
wh
ic
h
is
th
e
ab
s
o
lu
te
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
er
r
o
r
b
y
u
s
in
g
Alg
o
r
ith
m
2
.
Alg
o
r
ith
m
2
.
T
h
r
esh
o
l
d
v
alu
e
Input: watermarkSeq, sumPe
1.
α = 1;
2.
while true
3.
α = α + 0.1;
4.
w_len = size(watermarkSeq);
5.
len_p = floor(w_len * α);
6.
num_p = ceiling(len_p/2);
7.
T_min = 0;
8.
for i=num_p
9.
if absolute (sumPe (sorted_index(i))) > T_min
10. T_min = absolute (sumPe (
sorted_index(i)));
11. end if
12. end for
13. T = T_min;
14. end while
Output: T
wh
er
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
Seq
is
th
e
w
ater
m
ar
k
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
wh
ich
was
cr
ea
ted
af
ter
e
x
ec
u
tin
g
A
r
n
o
ld
s
cr
am
b
le
to
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
im
ag
e
a
n
d
s
u
m
Pe
i
s
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
p
r
ed
ictio
n
e
r
r
o
r
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
e
d
u
s
in
g
Alg
o
r
ith
m
1
.
Step
6
:
C
alcu
late
th
e
em
b
ed
d
in
g
s
tr
en
g
th
v
alu
e
,
G,
with
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
eq
u
atio
n
b
ef
o
r
e
p
r
o
ce
ed
in
g
i
n
to
th
e
p
r
e
-
em
b
e
d
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
:
=
(
×
)
−
(
1
)
wh
er
e
β
is
th
e
b
eta
v
alu
e
t
h
a
t
will
b
e
u
s
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
em
b
ed
d
in
g
p
h
ase,
M
is
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
l
o
ck
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
th
e
f
in
al
em
b
ed
d
in
g
an
d
T
is
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
β
v
alu
e
is
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
et
o
f
iter
atio
n
s
o
f
ex
p
er
im
e
n
ts
th
at
h
as
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
d
ec
en
t
an
d
b
a
lan
ce
d
am
o
u
n
t
b
etwe
en
th
e
PS
NR
an
d
NC
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
6
h
as b
ee
n
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
β
s
in
ce
it h
as sh
o
wn
th
at
it is
th
e
m
o
s
t o
p
tim
u
m
v
alu
e
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
o
th
e
r
s
.
Step
7
:
B
ased
o
n
th
e
wate
r
m
a
r
k
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
a
n
d
th
e
s
o
r
te
d
s
e
q
u
en
ce
o
f
th
e
r
ed
an
d
g
r
ee
n
l
ay
er
,
p
r
e
-
em
b
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
wh
eth
e
r
th
e
im
ag
e
is
ab
le
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
em
b
ed
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
with
o
u
t o
v
er
f
lo
win
g
.
Step
8
: G
en
er
ate
a
lo
ca
l m
a
p
i
f
th
e
im
ag
e
is
ab
le
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
p
r
e
-
em
b
ed
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
A
s
et
o
f e
mb
ed
d
in
g
r
u
les in
I
WT
fo
r
w
a
te
r
ma
r
k
emb
ed
d
in
g
in
ima
g
e
…
(
Mu
h
a
mma
d
A
fn
a
n
Ha
fid
z
)
1515
2
.
1
.
2
.
E
m
bedd
ing
Step
1
:
R
ed
an
d
g
r
ee
n
lay
er
lab
elled
b
lo
ck
b
ased
o
n
th
e
lo
ca
l
m
ap
will
b
e
p
ar
titi
o
n
ed
in
to
n
o
n
-
o
v
er
lap
p
in
g
1
6
×1
6
b
lo
ck
s
.
Step
2
:
A
th
r
ee
-
lev
el
I
W
T
will
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
b
l
o
ck
s
.
T
h
e
em
b
e
d
d
in
g
will
o
c
cu
r
in
th
e
L
L
3
s
u
b
-
b
an
d
o
f
s
ize
2
×2
.
T
h
e
s
tr
ateg
i
c
s
ca
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
will b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
t
h
e
LL
3
s
u
b
-
b
an
d
.
Step
3
:
T
h
e
2
×
2
b
l
o
ck
s
o
f
LL
3
will
b
e
m
ar
k
e
d
as
A,
B
,
C
,
an
d
D.
T
h
ese
m
ar
k
ed
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
s
will
b
e
class
if
ied
in
to
two
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
iag
o
n
al
s
et
s
,
wh
ich
is
p
r
im
ar
ily
b
ased
o
f
th
eir
lo
ca
tio
n
in
th
e
2
×2
b
lo
c
k
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
et,
D
1
will c
o
n
s
is
t o
f
co
ef
f
icien
t A
a
n
d
D,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
et,
D
2
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
co
ef
f
icien
t B an
d
C
.
Step
4
:
On
e
o
u
t
o
f
ea
ch
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
in
b
o
th
s
ets
will
b
e
ch
o
s
en
b
ased
o
n
wh
ich
o
n
e
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
two
h
as
th
e
h
ig
h
er
v
alu
e
th
a
n
th
e
o
th
er
.
A
f
ter
th
e
c
o
n
d
itio
n
h
as
m
et
a
n
d
th
e
co
ef
f
icien
t
h
as
b
ee
n
d
eter
m
in
ed
,
em
b
ed
t
h
e
b
lo
ck
b
y
s
ca
lin
g
u
p
war
d
o
n
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
et,
D
1
a
n
d
d
o
wn
war
d
f
o
r
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
et,
D
2
.
C
o
n
tin
u
e
f
o
r
o
th
er
L
L
3
b
lo
ck
s
.
T
h
e
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
Alg
o
r
ith
m
3
.
Alg
o
r
ith
m
3
.
A
s
et
o
f
em
b
e
d
d
i
n
g
r
u
les f
o
r
em
b
ed
d
in
g
wate
r
m
ar
k
Input: localMap, watermarkSeq, sumPe, block, G, T, level
1. U = 1; L =
size(localMap)
2.
for i = 1: L
3. for j = 1: L
4. if localMap (i, j) == 1 then
5. [LL, LH, HL, HH] = IWT (block, level);
6. if watermarkSeq(U) == 1 then
7. M = size (LL); A = LL (1,1); B = LL (2,1); C = LL (1,2); D = LL (2,2);
LLs = LL;
8.
if (sumPe < 0)
9.
flag =
-
1;
10.
end if
11.
γ = flag * floor((T+G)/M);
12.
if (A >= D) then LLs (1,1) = A + γ;
13.
else if (A <= D) then LLs (2,2) = D + γ;
14.
end if
15.
if (C >= B) then LLs (1,2) = C
-
γ;
16.
else if (C <= B) then LLs (2,1) = B
-
γ;
17.
end if
18.
else
19. LLs = LL;
20.
end if
21.
U = U+1; [wBlock] = invertIWT (LLs,LH,HL,HH);
22.
end if
23.
end for
24.
end for
Output: wBlock
W
h
er
e
lo
ca
lMa
p
is
th
e
g
en
er
ated
lo
ca
l
m
ap
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
e
-
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
s
tag
e,
wate
r
m
ar
k
Seq
is
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
s
eq
u
en
ce
o
b
tain
ed
a
f
ter
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
h
as
u
n
d
e
r
g
o
n
e
Ar
n
o
ld
s
cr
am
b
lin
g
,
s
u
m
Pe
is
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
er
r
o
r
w
h
ich
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
e
d
u
s
in
g
Alg
o
r
ith
m
1
,
b
lo
ck
d
en
o
t
es
th
e
p
ix
el
b
lo
ck
f
r
o
m
th
e
h
o
s
t
im
ag
e,
G
is
th
e
em
b
ed
d
in
g
s
tr
en
g
th
wh
ich
wa
s
ca
lcu
lated
f
r
o
m
(
1
)
,
T
is
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
o
b
tain
ed
d
u
r
in
g
p
r
e
-
em
b
ed
d
i
n
g
,
lev
e
l
is
th
e
I
W
T
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
lev
el
an
d
wB
lo
ck
is
th
e
p
ix
el
b
lo
ck
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
s
tr
at
eg
ically
s
ca
led
an
d
wate
r
m
ar
k
ed
.
Step
5
:
I
n
v
er
s
e
I
W
T
will
b
e
a
p
p
lied
o
n
th
e
em
b
e
d
d
ed
b
lo
c
k
s
,
wh
ich
will
th
en
r
ep
lace
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
h
o
s
t
im
ag
e
b
lo
ck
to
g
en
er
ate
th
e
f
in
al
wat
er
m
ar
k
ed
im
ag
e.
2
.
2
.
E
x
t
r
a
ct
ing
wa
t
er
m
a
r
k
Step
1
:
Usi
n
g
th
e
lo
ca
l
m
ap
o
b
tain
ed
d
u
r
in
g
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
,
b
lo
ck
s
wh
er
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
em
b
ed
d
in
g
o
cc
u
r
r
e
d
ar
e
id
en
tifie
d
.
Step
2
:
I
n
teg
er
wa
v
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
will
b
e
ap
p
lied
o
n
to
th
ese
b
lo
ck
s
to
o
b
tain
th
e
L
L
3
s
u
b
-
b
an
d
.
W
ith
in
th
is
s
u
b
-
b
an
d
,
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
p
r
ed
ictio
n
er
r
o
r
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
2
×2
co
ef
f
icien
t
b
lo
ck
s
a
r
e
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
g
et
tin
g
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
f
ir
s
t d
iag
o
n
al
s
et
D
1
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
d
iag
o
n
al
s
e
t
D
2
,
as c
an
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
Alg
o
r
ith
m
1
.
Step
3
: Bas
ed
o
n
a
p
r
e
d
ef
in
ed
th
r
esh
o
ld
,
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
b
its
ar
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
to
b
e
eith
e
r
0
o
r
1
,
r
esu
ltin
g
i
n
th
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
o
f
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
s
eq
u
en
ce
.
T
h
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
is
o
b
tain
ed
u
s
in
g
Alg
o
r
ith
m
4
.
Alg
o
r
ith
m
4
.
E
x
tr
ac
tio
n
Alg
o
r
ith
m
Input: localMap, wBlock, level
1
.
U = 1
2
.
L = size(localMap)
3
.
for i = 1: L
4
.
for j = 1: L
5
.
if localMap (i, j) == 1 then
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
5
1
2
-
1
5
2
0
1516
6
.
[LL, LH, HL, HH] = IWT
(wBlock, level);
7
.
[sumPe] = getSumPe (LL)
8
.
if sumPe >=
-
4 & sumPe <= 4
9
.
w = 0;
10
.
else
11
.
w = 1;
12
.
end if
13
.
exWatermarkSeq (U) = w;
14
.
U = U + 1;
15
.
end if
16
.
end for
17
.
end for
Output: Extracted Watermark Sequence
Step
4
:
Ap
p
ly
I
n
v
er
s
e
Ar
n
o
ld
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
to
th
e
e
x
tr
ac
ted
wa
ter
m
ar
k
s
eq
u
en
ce
t
o
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
an
d
r
etr
iev
e
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
im
ag
e.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
ts
will
b
e
d
o
n
e
o
n
a
d
esk
to
p
with
a
R
y
ze
n
7
5
6
0
0
X
C
PU,
3
2
GB
o
f
R
AM
,
6
4
-
b
it
W
in
d
o
ws
1
0
Pr
o
f
ess
io
n
al
Op
er
atin
g
Sy
s
tem
,
a
n
d
o
n
MA
T
L
AB
v
er
s
io
n
R
2
0
2
2
a.
T
h
e
s
c
h
em
e
will
b
e
test
ed
u
n
d
er
r
e
g
u
lar
attac
k
s
s
u
ch
as
Gau
s
s
ian
No
is
e,
Sp
ec
k
le
No
is
e,
Me
d
ian
Fil
ter
,
Salt
an
d
p
ep
p
er
,
Av
er
ag
e
Fil
ter
,
Gau
s
s
ian
L
o
w
-
p
ass
f
ilter
an
d
s
o
f
o
r
th
.
E
ac
h
o
f
th
ese
attac
k
s
will
b
e
d
o
n
e
o
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
lev
e
ls
o
f
attac
k
s
ca
les.
I
n
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
p
h
ase,
co
l
o
r
ed
im
ag
es
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
USC
-
SIPI
im
ag
e
d
atab
ase
will
b
e
u
s
e
d
.
All
o
f
th
e
im
a
g
es
ar
e
5
1
2
×
5
1
2
in
s
ize.
T
h
e
lis
t o
f
all
im
ag
es th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
th
e
e
x
p
er
im
en
t
p
h
ase
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
L
is
t o
f
i
m
ag
es u
s
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
e
m
e
is
ev
al
u
ated
u
s
in
g
m
etr
ics
s
u
ch
as
p
ea
k
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
PS
NR
)
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
s
im
ilar
ity
in
d
e
x
m
ea
s
u
r
e
(
SS
I
M)
f
o
r
im
p
er
c
ep
tib
ilit
y
o
r
im
ag
e
q
u
ality
,
wh
ile
n
o
r
m
alize
d
co
r
r
elatio
n
(
NC
)
is
u
s
ed
to
ass
ess
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
t
h
e
tech
n
i
q
u
e.
Ma
in
tain
in
g
a
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
im
p
er
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
es
s
is
a
h
an
d
f
u
l
task
s
in
ce
in
cr
e
asin
g
o
n
e
asp
ec
t
will
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
o
th
e
r
o
n
e.
As
s
u
ch
,
f
in
d
i
n
g
th
e
r
ig
h
t
v
alu
e
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t.
T
h
e
PS
NR
,
SS
I
M,
an
d
NC
v
alu
es
af
te
r
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
h
as
b
ee
n
em
b
ed
d
e
d
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
o
n
1
2
im
a
g
es a
r
e
lis
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
T
ab
le
1
,
all
o
f
th
e
im
ag
es
h
as
ac
h
iev
e
d
a
PS
NR
v
alu
e
o
f
4
5
.
1
7
6
0
an
d
an
a
v
e
r
ag
e
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
9
9
4
6
f
o
r
SS
I
M.
T
h
is
v
alu
e
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
im
ag
e
q
u
al
ity
is
d
ec
en
t
an
d
d
id
n
o
t
d
r
o
p
to
a
p
o
in
t
wh
er
e
i
t
is
u
n
ac
ce
p
tab
le
.
On
t
o
p
o
f
t
h
a
t,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
an
av
er
a
g
e
NC
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
9
5
6
5
.
T
h
is
a
v
er
ag
e
v
alu
e
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
ca
n
s
till
b
e
p
r
esen
ted
af
te
r
it
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
tr
ac
ted
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e.
Mo
v
in
g
o
n
,
a
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
PS
NR
an
d
NC
v
alu
es
b
et
wee
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
,
Kam
ili
et
a
l.
[
2
2
]
,
Du
an
et
a
l.
[
2
3
]
,
an
d
Su
an
d
C
h
en
[
2
4
]
h
as
b
ee
n
m
ad
e
t
o
i
n
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
im
p
er
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
e
d
im
a
g
e.
As
f
o
r
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
e
x
itin
g
s
ch
em
e,
attac
k
s
s
u
ch
as
im
ag
e
en
h
an
cin
g
,
n
o
is
e
attac
k
s
an
d
f
ilter
attac
k
s
will
b
e
d
o
n
e
to
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
ed
im
ag
e
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
ater
m
ar
k
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
with
e
x
is
tin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es is
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
T
ab
le
2
.
B
ased
o
n
T
ab
le
2
,
o
u
r
m
et
h
o
d
ac
h
iev
es
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
h
ig
h
er
PS
NR
o
f
4
5
.
1
7
6
0
th
an
te
ch
n
iq
u
es
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
r
esear
ch
er
s
s
u
c
h
as
[
2
2
]
-
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
is
PS
NR
v
alu
e
in
d
icate
s
b
etter
im
ag
e
q
u
ality
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
em
b
ed
d
in
g
a
n
d
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
d
is
p
lay
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
es
s
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
in
k
ee
p
in
g
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
to
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
im
a
g
e.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
b
est
NC
v
alu
es
ar
e
s
ca
tter
ed
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
d
e
x
is
tin
g
s
ch
em
es
s
in
ce
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
attac
k
s
ar
e
n
o
t
e
n
o
u
g
h
to
ev
alu
ate
t
h
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
.
T
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
A
s
et
o
f e
mb
ed
d
in
g
r
u
les in
I
WT
fo
r
w
a
te
r
ma
r
k
emb
ed
d
in
g
in
ima
g
e
…
(
Mu
h
a
mma
d
A
fn
a
n
Ha
fid
z
)
1517
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
h
as
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
u
n
d
er
s
ev
er
al
attac
k
s
.
Ou
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
h
o
ws
b
etter
NC
v
alu
es
ac
r
o
s
s
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
ese
attac
k
s
ce
n
a
r
io
s
wh
en
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
an
o
th
er
m
o
th
o
d
b
y
Du
an
et
a
l
.
[
2
5
]
.
I
t
is
m
o
r
e
n
o
ticea
b
le
wh
en
th
e
attac
k
s
ar
e
ap
p
lied
at
h
ig
h
er
in
ten
s
ities
o
r
m
o
r
e
s
ev
er
e
d
is
to
r
tio
n
lev
els.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
o
u
r
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
lo
wer
B
E
R
v
alu
es,
i
n
d
icatin
g
f
ewe
r
b
it
er
r
o
r
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
ev
e
n
a
f
ter
t
h
e
im
ag
e
h
as
b
ee
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ly
d
eg
r
ad
ed
b
y
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
attac
k
s
test
ed
.
T
h
is
lo
wer
er
r
o
r
r
ate
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
o
u
r
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
in
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
wh
er
e
i
n
tellectu
al
p
r
o
p
er
ties
s
u
ch
as
im
ag
es
m
a
y
b
e
s
u
b
jecte
d
t
o
ch
allen
g
in
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
A
v
is
u
al
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
NC
v
alu
es
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
1
0
attac
k
s
o
u
t
o
f
1
9
attac
k
s
is
d
ep
icted
in
a
b
a
r
g
r
a
p
h
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
T
ab
le
1
.
R
esu
lts
af
ter
wate
r
m
ar
k
em
b
e
d
d
in
g
o
n
c
o
v
er
im
ag
e
s
I
mag
e
T
G
P
S
N
R
S
S
I
M
NC
1
7
17
4
5
.
1
7
6
0
0
.
9
9
8
1
0
.
9
6
8
9
2
9
15
4
5
.
1
7
6
0
0
.
9
9
4
2
0
.
9
5
5
7
3
7
17
4
5
.
1
7
6
0
0
.
9
9
7
2
0
.
9
7
2
9
4
5
19
4
5
.
1
7
6
0
0
.
9
9
2
2
1
5
6
18
4
5
.
1
7
6
0
0
.
9
9
2
5
0
.
9
9
1
2
6
10
14
4
5
.
1
7
6
0
0
.
9
9
7
3
0
.
8
9
2
6
7
4
20
4
5
.
1
7
6
0
0
.
9
9
3
7
1
8
7
17
4
5
.
1
7
6
0
0
.
9
9
9
5
0
.
9
7
4
3
9
13
11
4
5
.
1
7
6
0
0
.
9
9
3
1
0
.
8
6
0
6
10
11
13
4
5
.
1
7
6
0
0
.
9
9
9
4
0
.
9
0
3
3
11
7
17
4
5
.
1
7
6
0
0
.
9
9
3
2
0
.
9
5
8
3
12
5
19
4
5
.
1
7
6
0
0
.
9
8
5
2
1
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
4
5
.
1
7
6
0
0
.
9
9
4
6
0
.
9
5
6
5
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
PS
NR
an
d
NC
v
alu
es o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
s
ch
em
e
with
o
th
e
r
s
ch
em
es
K
a
m
i
l
i
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
2
]
D
u
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
3
]
S
u
a
n
d
C
h
e
n
[
2
4
]
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
P
S
N
R
4
1
.
7
0
d
b
4
3
.
3
9
d
b
4
3
.
5
9
d
b
4
5
.
1
7
6
0
d
b
A
t
t
a
c
k
s
NC
I
mag
e
D
a
r
k
e
n
0
.
9
8
4
0
.
9
9
9
0
.
6
2
1
0
.
9
9
1
G
a
u
ss
i
a
n
N
o
i
se
(
σ=
0
.
1
%)
0
.
9
8
5
0
.
9
5
0
.
9
9
9
0
.
9
4
5
S
p
e
c
k
l
e
n
o
i
s
e
(
0
.
0
1
)
0
.
9
2
8
0
.
8
2
3
0
.
9
7
0
.
8
3
0
S
a
l
t
-
p
e
p
p
e
r
n
o
i
se
(
0
.
0
1
)
0
.
9
2
0
.
7
5
7
0
.
9
0
1
0
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9
7
0
S
a
l
t
-
p
e
p
p
e
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n
o
i
se
(
0
.
0
2
)
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0
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6
0
3
0
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7
4
6
0
.
7
8
0
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
f
i
l
t
e
r
[
3
x
3
]
0
.
9
3
9
0
.
9
8
8
0
.
9
7
4
0
.
9
1
0
G
a
u
ss
i
a
n
LPF
[
3
x
3
]
0
.
9
3
8
1
1
0
.
9
7
1
M
e
d
i
a
n
f
i
l
t
e
r
[
3
x
3
]
0
.
9
2
7
0
.
9
7
9
1
0
.
9
7
3
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
NC
v
alu
es f
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
with
Du
an
et
a
l.
[2
5
]
o
n
L
e
n
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
5
1
2
-
1
5
2
0
1518
T
o
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
h
o
w
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
attac
k
s
an
d
th
e
s
ca
le
o
f
attac
k
s
o
n
to
a
wate
r
m
a
r
k
ed
im
ag
e
co
u
ld
a
f
f
ec
t
t
h
e
e
x
tr
ac
ted
wat
er
m
ar
k
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
,
th
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
wate
r
m
ar
k
s
its
elf
f
r
o
m
ei
g
h
t
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
attac
k
s
is
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
T
ab
le
3
,
wh
ich
i
n
clu
d
e
J
PEG
c
o
m
p
r
ess
io
n
with
QF
7
0
,
im
a
g
e
b
r
ig
h
te
n
in
g
,
av
er
a
g
e
f
ilter
5
×
5
,
m
ed
ian
f
ilter
5
×
5
,
av
er
a
g
e
f
ilter
7
×7
,
m
ed
ian
f
ilter
7
×7
,
m
o
tio
n
f
ilter
7
×
7
,
an
d
r
o
tat
io
n
0
.
5
f
r
o
m
f
o
u
r
d
if
f
er
en
t im
a
g
es,
as we
ll a
s
th
e
NC
v
alu
es f
o
r
b
o
t
h
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
a
n
d
Du
a
n
et
a
l
.
[
2
5
]
.
T
ab
le
3
.
E
x
tr
ac
ted
wate
r
m
ar
k
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
im
ag
es a
n
d
th
eir
NC
v
alu
e
o
n
8
d
if
f
er
e
n
t a
ttack
s
A
t
t
a
c
k
s
La
k
e
Le
n
a
P
e
p
p
e
r
F
1
6
D
u
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
5
]
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
D
u
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
5
]
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
D
u
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
5
]
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
D
u
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
5
]
P
r
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at
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p
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ch
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wh
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m
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ilter
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d
im
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en
h
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.
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ith
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,
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e
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o
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s
ed
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ch
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e
h
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s
h
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t
h
at
it
is
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le
to
with
s
tan
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v
ar
io
u
s
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k
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
wh
e
n
it
co
m
es
to
h
ig
h
er
s
ca
le
attac
k
s
.
T
h
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
an
d
r
eliab
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ity
o
f
th
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s
ch
em
e
u
n
d
er
c
h
allen
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g
c
o
n
d
itio
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s
.
T
h
e
r
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lts
an
d
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
i
s
r
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c
o
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ld
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i
b
u
te
to
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e
d
ig
ital v
id
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wate
r
m
ar
k
in
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f
ield
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e.
Vid
eo
s
ar
e
p
r
ac
tically
m
u
ltip
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e
im
ag
es
b
ein
g
p
u
t
to
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eth
e
r
in
a
tim
elin
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
.
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ith
th
i
s
s
im
u
latio
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o
f
th
e
p
r
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p
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s
ed
wate
r
m
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k
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g
tech
n
i
q
u
es,
it
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n
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
f
o
r
v
id
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wate
r
m
a
r
k
in
g
,
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tectin
g
th
e
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er
s
h
ip
o
f
th
e
d
ig
ital
v
id
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.
As
f
o
r
th
e
ex
p
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im
en
ts
,
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
b
aselin
e
o
f
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
test
in
g
b
y
p
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f
o
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m
in
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a
n
d
co
n
d
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ctin
g
im
ag
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s
s
in
g
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co
m
p
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ess
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,
an
d
g
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m
etr
ic
attac
k
s
co
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ld
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e
as
a
g
u
id
e
o
r
r
ef
er
en
ce
in
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Dig
ital
im
ag
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
p
lay
s
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
p
r
o
tectin
g
th
e
au
th
en
ticity
o
f
i
m
ag
es
an
d
with
o
u
t
it,
p
r
o
b
lem
s
s
u
ch
as
co
p
y
r
ig
h
t
in
f
r
in
g
e
m
en
t
a
n
d
il
leg
al
m
o
d
i
f
icatio
n
c
o
u
ld
ar
is
e.
R
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
o
f
an
im
ag
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
tech
n
i
q
u
e
h
o
ld
s
th
e
k
ey
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
b
est
an
d
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le
m
eth
o
d
o
f
d
ig
ital
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
s
in
ce
b
etter
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
wate
r
m
ar
k
co
u
ld
b
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
an
d
v
is
u
ally
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
ev
en
a
f
ter
th
e
i
m
ag
e
h
as
b
ee
n
tam
p
er
ed
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
h
as
p
r
esen
ted
an
i
m
ag
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
b
ased
o
n
s
tr
ateg
ic
s
ca
lin
g
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
a
n
d
e
n
h
an
ce
o
v
e
r
all
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
.
T
h
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
s
ca
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
llo
ws
a
s
et
o
f
r
u
les,
cr
iter
ia,
an
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
t
o
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
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c
o
ef
f
icien
t
in
v
o
lv
e
d
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
em
b
ed
d
in
g
p
h
ase.
T
h
e
r
ed
an
d
g
r
ee
n
lay
er
s
ar
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
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b
y
u
s
in
g
th
r
ee
-
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v
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o
f
I
W
T
,
th
e
L
L
s
u
b
-
b
an
d
h
as
b
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n
m
o
d
if
ied
with
a
s
et
o
f
em
b
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d
in
g
r
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Fo
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s
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co
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f
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t
in
th
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2
×2
L
L
s
u
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d
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m
o
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if
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with
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d
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as
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b
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wate
r
m
ar
k
im
ag
e.
T
h
e
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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&
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fn
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Ha
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h
av
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p
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esp
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p
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tim
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h
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as a
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tial to
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)
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
M
.
U
.
R
e
h
ma
n
,
A
.
S
h
a
f
i
q
u
e
,
K
.
H
.
K
h
a
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
M
.
H
a
z
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a
z
i
,
“
Ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
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a
n
d
se
c
u
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e
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ma
g
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y
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u
si
n
g
k
e
y
su
b
st
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u
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i
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p
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o
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ss w
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t
h
d
i
scre
t
e
w
a
v
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e
t
t
r
a
n
sf
o
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m,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
K
i
n
g
S
a
u
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n
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v
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p
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f
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v
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3
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o
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7
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p
.
1
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2
0
2
3
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0
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6
1
3
.
[
2
]
A
.
P
a
r
i
m
a
l
a
,
Y
.
V
i
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a
y
a
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a
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d
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.
N
.
A
.
D
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y
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p
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t
w
o
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k
s,”
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2
0
2
2
6
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a
t
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C
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f
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n
d
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l
e
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s
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2
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2
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7
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.
[
3
]
B
.
C
h
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a
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.
B
.
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,
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,
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2
0
1
9
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a
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52
In
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J
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C
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Sci
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Vo
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3
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3
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Dec
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b
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20
24
:
1
5
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1520
B
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