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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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:
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52
In
d
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n
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J
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n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
5
4
3
-
1
5
5
4
1544
ea
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Alth
o
u
g
h
FS
OC
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
f
e
r
s
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
t
ad
v
an
ta
g
es,
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ca
n
b
e
n
eg
ativ
el
y
im
p
ac
te
d
b
y
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
tu
r
b
u
le
n
ce
c
au
s
in
g
s
cin
till
atio
n
,
ad
v
er
s
e
wea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
lik
e
r
ain
,
s
n
o
w,
h
a
ze
,
f
o
g
,
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t
d
u
e
to
b
u
ild
in
g
m
o
v
e
m
en
ts
o
r
m
ec
h
an
ical
v
ib
r
atio
n
s
b
etwe
e
n
tr
an
s
ce
iv
er
s
,
an
d
o
b
s
tr
u
ctio
n
b
y
air
b
o
r
n
e
o
b
jects lik
e
b
ir
d
s
o
r
d
r
o
n
es [
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
f
u
lly
r
ea
lize
FS
OC
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
'
s
p
o
ten
tial,
in
teg
r
atin
g
it
with
R
F
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
at
6
0
GHz
cr
ea
te
s
a
h
y
b
r
id
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
o
p
tical
/
r
ad
io
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
(
FS
O/R
F
)
s
y
s
tem
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
h
ig
h
d
ata
r
ates
an
d
en
h
an
ce
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
Hy
b
r
i
d
FS
O/R
F
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
lev
er
a
g
e
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
s
o
f
b
o
th
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
m
itig
atin
g
th
ei
r
in
d
iv
id
u
al
lim
itatio
n
s
.
W
h
ile
FS
O
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
o
f
f
e
r
s
h
ig
h
b
an
d
wid
th
an
d
im
m
u
n
ity
to
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
,
it
is
h
ig
h
l
y
s
en
s
itiv
e
to
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
h
az
e,
r
ain
,
f
o
g
,
an
d
s
n
o
w.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
R
F
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
r
o
b
u
s
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
u
n
d
er
v
ar
io
u
s
wea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
b
u
t
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
lim
ited
b
a
n
d
wid
th
an
d
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
is
s
u
es.
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
t
h
ese
two
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
h
y
b
r
id
FS
O/R
F
s
y
s
tem
s
ai
m
to
en
s
u
r
e
r
eliab
le
an
d
h
ig
h
-
ca
p
ac
ity
b
ac
k
h
au
l
lin
k
s
f
o
r
p
ic
o
-
m
ac
r
o
ce
ll b
ac
k
h
au
lin
g
,
wh
ich
is
v
er
y
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
m
o
d
er
n
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
FS
O/R
F
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
em
p
lo
y
s
e
ith
er
s
o
f
t
-
s
witch
in
g
o
r
h
ar
d
-
s
witch
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
Fo
r
h
ar
d
-
s
witch
in
g
,
FS
O
an
d
R
F
lin
k
s
o
p
er
ate
in
p
a
r
allel,
s
witch
in
g
o
n
l
y
wh
en
o
n
e
lin
k
'
s
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SNR
)
f
a
lls
b
elo
w
a
th
r
esh
o
ld
.
So
f
t
-
s
witch
in
g
in
v
o
l
v
es
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
b
o
th
lin
k
s
,
u
tili
zin
g
d
iv
er
s
ity
tech
n
iq
u
es a
t th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
.
Ho
wev
er
,
s
o
f
t
-
s
witch
in
g
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
p
o
wer
an
d
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
r
eso
u
r
ce
in
ef
f
icien
cies,
as we
ll a
s
co
m
p
lex
ity
in
r
ec
eiv
er
d
esig
n
,
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
h
ar
d
-
s
witch
in
g
.
W
h
ile
p
r
ev
io
u
s
wo
r
k
s
h
av
e
e
x
p
lo
r
e
d
h
y
b
r
id
FS
O/
R
F
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
s
p
ec
if
ically
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
d
an
aly
ze
s
a
s
in
g
le
-
th
r
esh
o
ld
h
ar
d
-
s
witch
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
T
h
is
d
esig
n
ch
o
ice
s
im
p
lifie
s
th
e
s
witch
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
lex
ad
ap
tiv
e
o
r
m
u
ltip
l
e
-
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
y
s
tem
s
,
aim
in
g
to
ac
h
iev
e
a
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
co
m
p
lex
ity
.
I
n
th
e
lite
r
atu
r
e,
th
e
s
o
f
t
-
s
w
itch
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
m
b
in
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
is
a
d
o
p
ted
in
[
1
0
]
-
[
1
7
]
.
Kaz
em
i
et.
a
l.
[
1
0
]
em
p
lo
y
e
d
s
o
f
t
-
s
witch
in
g
s
c
h
em
e
to
ev
al
u
ate
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
i
lity
o
f
o
u
ta
g
e
o
f
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
allo
ws
ac
tiv
atio
n
o
f
eith
er
o
r
b
o
th
lin
k
s
as
p
er
av
ailab
ilit
y
.
B
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
th
e
f
in
ite
-
s
tate
-
M
ar
k
o
v
-
c
h
ain
(
FS
MC)
tech
n
iq
u
e,
th
ey
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
m
o
d
el
t
o
s
elec
t
s
u
itab
le
lin
k
s
f
o
r
s
witch
in
g
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ch
an
g
i
n
g
m
ete
o
r
o
lo
g
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Nu
m
e
r
ical
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
s
ch
em
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
o
u
tag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
u
n
d
er
v
ar
io
u
s
wea
th
er
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
s
.
R
ak
ia
et
a
l.
[
1
1
]
in
tr
o
d
u
c
ed
an
d
in
v
esti
g
ated
an
ad
ap
tiv
e
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
s
ch
em
e
f
o
r
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
f
o
r
a
h
y
b
r
id
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
Fo
r
SNR
ab
o
v
e
a
s
p
ec
if
ied
th
r
esh
o
ld
,
th
e
FS
O
li
n
k
r
em
ain
s
ac
tiv
e;
o
th
er
wis
e,
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
is
d
o
n
e
o
n
b
o
th
lin
k
s
an
d
co
m
b
in
e
d
b
y
d
u
al
-
b
r
an
c
h
m
ax
im
al
r
ati
o
co
m
b
in
in
g
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
en
d
.
A
n
ew
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
's
o
u
tag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
was
d
e
r
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
SNR
’
s
cu
m
u
lativ
e
d
en
s
ity
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
C
DF
)
.
Simu
latio
n
s
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
s
th
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
co
m
b
in
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
th
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
s
y
s
tem
,
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
b
etter
in
ter
m
s
o
f
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
(
OP)
u
n
d
er
v
ar
io
u
s
wea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
lev
el
s
o
f
atm
o
s
p
h
e
r
ic
tu
r
b
u
len
ce
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
d
escr
ib
ed
in
[
1
2
]
p
u
t
f
o
r
war
d
a
u
n
iq
u
e
s
witch
in
g
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
ad
ap
tiv
ely
t
o
g
g
l
es
th
e
R
F
an
d
FS
O
lin
k
s
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
e
v
ailin
g
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
s
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e.
R
F
lin
k
,
b
ein
g
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
t
o
R
ay
leig
h
f
ad
i
n
g
,
em
p
lo
y
s
a
s
in
g
le
th
r
esh
o
ld
,
w
h
ile
th
e
FS
O
lin
k
,
s
u
b
ject
to
s
ev
er
e
atm
o
s
p
h
e
r
ic
tu
r
b
u
len
ce
,
u
s
es
two
d
if
f
er
en
t
th
r
esh
o
ld
lev
els.
Nu
m
e
r
ical
an
aly
s
es
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
lo
o
k
in
g
at
OP
an
d
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
at
e
(
B
E
R
)
.
Sh
ak
ir
[
1
3
]
s
u
g
g
ested
an
alter
n
ativ
e
d
esig
n
t
h
at
o
p
er
ates
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ch
a
n
n
el
s
tate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
am
e
d
ata
is
s
en
t
co
n
cu
r
r
en
tly
th
r
o
u
g
h
b
o
th
lin
k
s
.
At
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
'
s
en
d
,
a
s
elec
tio
n
co
m
b
in
in
g
s
ch
em
e
is
u
s
ed
to
m
e
r
g
e
th
e
in
c
o
m
in
g
s
ig
n
als.
New
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
f
o
r
OP
an
d
B
E
R
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ev
al
u
atio
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
s
u
p
er
io
r
ity
o
f
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
o
v
er
a
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
FS
O
lin
k
.
T
o
k
g
o
z
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
,
an
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
s
elec
tio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
e
u
tili
zin
g
in
d
ex
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
I
M)
with
o
u
t
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
r
c
h
an
n
el
s
t
ate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
was
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
FS
O
-
m
m
W
av
e
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
is
I
M
-
b
ased
m
ec
h
an
is
m
was
ev
alu
ated
ag
ain
s
t
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
witch
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
ie
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Nu
m
er
ical
an
aly
s
es
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
s
il
lu
s
tr
at
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
en
h
an
ce
m
en
ts
in
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
B
E
R
.
W
u
et.
a
l.
[
1
5
]
c
o
n
d
u
cted
an
ex
te
n
s
iv
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
n
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
asp
ec
ts
f
o
r
a
h
y
b
r
id
FS
O/R
F
s
y
s
tem
,
ad
o
p
tin
g
α
-
m
an
d
Má
lag
a
ch
an
n
el
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
.
Ma
x
im
u
m
r
atio
co
m
b
in
i
n
g
(
MRC
)
was
u
tili
ze
d
as
a
d
iv
er
s
ity
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
s
ig
n
al
r
ec
ep
tio
n
.
Simu
latio
n
o
u
tco
m
es
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
n
o
tab
le
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
in
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
FS
O
-
o
n
ly
s
y
s
tem
.
A
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
(
M
L
)
alg
o
r
ith
m
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
[
1
6
]
to
ex
p
l
o
r
e
th
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
ad
a
p
tatio
n
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
in
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Hy
b
r
id
lin
k
b
u
d
g
ets
wer
e
esti
m
at
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
an
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
al
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
n
o
tab
ly
s
ev
er
e
wea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Acc
u
r
a
cy
t
esti
n
g
o
f
s
witch
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
Ou
ta
g
e
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f a
s
in
g
le
-
th
r
esh
o
ld
h
a
r
d
-
s
w
itch
in
g
h
yb
r
id
…
(
A
b
d
u
lja
la
l Yu
s
h
a
’
u
K
a
s
s
i
m
)
1545
an
d
m
o
d
u
latio
n
ad
ap
tatio
n
w
as
co
n
d
u
cted
,
with
a
f
o
cu
s
o
n
r
ain
an
d
f
o
g
.
Simu
latio
n
o
u
tco
m
es
in
d
icate
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
L
ia
n
g
et
a
l.
[
1
7
]
,
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
r
elay
s
y
s
tem
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
u
s
in
g
a
r
elay
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
d
e
co
d
e
-
an
d
-
f
o
r
war
d
.
E
m
p
lo
y
in
g
ad
ap
tiv
e
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
s
ch
em
e,
u
s
er
s
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
v
ia
t
h
e
T
Hz
lin
k
.
An
aly
tical
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
f
o
r
OP
an
d
B
E
R
wer
e
f
o
r
m
u
lat
ed
u
s
in
g
s
tatis
tical
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
lin
k
s
.
A
n
aly
s
is
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
,
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
th
e
a
d
ap
tiv
e
co
m
b
in
i
n
g
s
ch
em
e,
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
b
o
th
B
E
R
an
d
OP,
th
er
eb
y
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
r
ate
wh
ile
m
ai
n
tain
in
g
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Stu
d
ies
o
n
th
e
h
ar
d
-
s
witch
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
s
in
g
r
ec
eiv
ed
SN
R
th
r
esh
o
ld
f
o
r
s
witch
in
g
b
etwe
en
lin
k
s
ar
e
co
n
d
u
c
ted
R
esear
ch
er
s
in
[
1
8
]
-
[
2
4
]
.
Usma
n
et.
a
l.
[
1
8
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
an
d
s
cr
u
tin
ized
a
s
witch
in
g
-
b
ased
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
a
h
y
b
r
id
FS
O/R
F
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
s
ch
em
e
ac
tiv
ates
e
ith
er
o
f
th
e
lin
k
s
at
an
y
m
o
m
en
t,
with
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
to
th
e
FS
O
lin
k
u
s
in
g
s
in
g
le
an
d
d
u
al
-
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
ce
n
a
r
io
s
.
E
x
p
r
e
s
s
io
n
s
wer
e
d
er
iv
ed
f
o
r
e
r
g
o
d
ic
ca
p
ac
ity
,
OP
an
d
av
er
a
g
e
B
E
R
,
an
d
ev
alu
at
ed
.
Nu
m
e
r
ical
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
o
f
th
e
s
ch
em
e
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
FS
O
-
o
n
ly
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
T
o
u
ati
et
a
l.
[
1
9
]
an
al
y
ze
d
t
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
p
at
h
lo
s
s
,
alo
n
g
with
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
an
d
alig
n
m
en
t
is
s
u
es,
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
FS
O/R
F
s
y
s
tem
s
.
C
lo
s
ed
-
f
o
r
m
ex
p
r
e
s
s
io
n
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
o
u
tag
e
an
d
B
E
R
f
o
r
b
o
th
lin
k
s
wer
e
d
er
iv
e
d
.
T
h
e
FS
O
lin
k
u
tili
ze
d
g
am
m
a
-
g
am
m
a
(G
-
G)
d
is
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
OOK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
wh
ile
r
ician
ch
an
n
el
f
a
d
in
g
o
p
er
ate
d
at
6
0
GHz
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
with
1
6
-
QAM
m
o
d
u
latio
n
f
o
r
th
e
R
F
lin
k
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
h
y
b
r
id
iza
tio
n
ca
n
m
itig
ate
v
u
ln
er
a
b
ilit
ies
o
f
FS
O
lin
k
s
to
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
an
d
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t
f
ad
in
g
.
Gh
o
n
a
m
e
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
,
an
i
n
v
esti
g
atio
n
was
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
th
e
o
p
er
a
tio
n
s
o
f
an
ad
ap
tiv
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atin
g
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
wav
elen
g
th
s
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
f
o
r
FS
O
an
d
R
F
lin
k
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
in
co
n
d
itio
n
s
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
d
b
y
f
o
g
,
h
u
m
id
ity
,
a
n
d
r
ain
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
v
alu
atio
n
,
b
ased
o
n
r
ec
eiv
ed
p
o
wer
an
d
B
E
R
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
,
aim
ed
to
id
en
tify
o
p
ti
m
al
wav
elen
g
th
s
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
to
m
in
im
ize
atten
u
atio
n
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
r
eliab
l
e
s
ig
n
al
d
eliv
er
y
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
i
n
g
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
R
esu
lts
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
u
s
in
g
a
1
,
5
5
0
n
m
wav
elen
g
t
h
f
o
r
th
e
FS
O
lin
k
in
e
n
h
an
cin
g
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Kh
alid
et
a
l.
[
2
1
]
ex
a
m
in
ed
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
h
ar
d
-
s
witch
in
g
s
ch
em
e
in
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
W
h
er
e
o
n
ly
o
n
e
lin
k
is
ac
tiv
e
at
an
y
g
iv
en
tim
e,
p
r
io
r
itizin
g
th
e
FS
O
lin
k
.
W
h
en
th
e
FS
O
lin
k
'
s
SNR
f
alls
b
elo
w
a
s
et
th
r
esh
o
ld
,
th
e
R
F
lin
k
is
a
ctiv
ated
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ass
u
m
ed
G
-
G
f
ad
in
g
an
d
r
ay
leig
h
f
ad
i
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
FS
O
an
d
R
F
lin
k
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
An
al
y
tical
f
o
r
m
u
las
wer
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
to
ass
ess
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
el'
s
er
g
o
d
ic
ca
p
ac
ity
,
B
E
R
a
n
d
OP.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
was
m
ad
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
m
o
d
el
an
d
a
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
FS
O
m
o
d
el
to
ev
alu
ate
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Vis
h
wak
ar
m
a
a
n
d
Swam
in
ath
an
[
2
2
]
,
a
d
eta
iled
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
aly
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
a
h
y
b
r
id
FS
O/R
F
s
y
s
tem
,
th
at
u
tili
ze
d
a
s
in
g
le
-
th
r
esh
o
l
d
-
b
as
ed
s
witc
h
in
g
s
tr
ateg
y
ap
p
lica
b
le
to
b
o
t
h
s
atellite
an
d
ter
r
estrial
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
T
h
e
FS
O
lin
k
is
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
a
g
e
n
er
alize
d
Ma
lag
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
ic
atten
u
atio
n
an
d
m
i
s
alig
n
m
en
t
er
r
o
r
s
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
th
e
R
F
ch
an
n
el's
f
ad
in
g
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
e
g
en
er
alize
d
κ
-
μ
-
η
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
Un
if
ied
clo
s
ed
-
f
o
r
m
eq
u
atio
n
s
wer
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
OP,
av
er
ag
e
s
y
m
b
o
l e
r
r
o
r
r
ate,
a
n
d
er
g
o
d
ic
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
s
y
s
tem
b
y
em
p
lo
y
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
lik
e
h
eter
o
d
y
n
e
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
I
M/DD
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
with
its
R
F
b
ac
k
u
p
lin
k
u
s
in
g
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
s
im
u
latio
n
s
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
FS
O
s
y
s
tem
s
,
esp
ec
ially
u
n
d
er
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
s
ev
e
r
e
t
u
r
b
u
len
ce
,
n
o
tab
le
p
o
in
tin
g
er
r
o
r
s
,
an
d
ch
allen
g
in
g
wea
th
er
.
I
n
th
eir
an
aly
s
i
s
,
Ma
g
id
i
an
d
J
ab
ee
n
a
[
2
3
]
an
aly
z
ed
a
h
y
b
r
id
FS
O/
R
F
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
em
p
lo
y
in
g
a
Ma
lag
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
alo
n
g
s
id
e
a
m
u
lti
-
p
u
ls
e
p
o
s
itio
n
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
em
e,
an
d
a
r
ician
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
u
s
in
g
1
6
QAM
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
N
ew
eq
u
atio
n
s
wer
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
O
P
an
d
B
E
R
f
o
r
th
e
R
F,
FS
O,
an
d
th
e
i
n
teg
r
ated
h
y
b
r
id
FS
O/R
F
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
d
t
h
at
a
l
o
wer
n
o
r
m
alize
d
jitt
er
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
e
v
iatio
n
was
ass
o
ciate
d
with
b
etter
OP,
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
f
th
e
tu
r
b
u
len
c
e
lev
el.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
R
F/F
S
O
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ac
r
o
s
s
di
f
f
er
en
t
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Nik
b
ak
h
t
-
Sar
d
ar
i
et
a
l.
[
2
4
]
,
two
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
h
y
b
r
id
R
F/F
SO
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
s
wer
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
,
f
ea
tu
r
in
g
h
ar
d
-
s
witch
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
to
tack
le
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t
er
r
o
r
s
an
d
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
tu
r
b
u
len
ce
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
h
y
b
r
id
r
elay
-
b
ased
R
F
-
FS
O
lin
k
a
n
d
a
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
R
F
lin
k
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
in
c
lu
d
es
an
FS
O
lin
k
co
m
b
in
ed
with
a
r
elay
-
b
ased
R
F
-
FS
O
li
n
k
,
b
o
th
o
p
e
r
atin
g
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
.
T
h
ese
s
etu
p
s
u
tili
ze
a
d
u
al
-
th
r
esh
o
ld
SNR
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
p
r
o
lo
n
g
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
p
at
h
'
s
lif
esp
an
,
with
a
h
ar
d
s
witch
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
o
u
te
b
ased
o
n
th
ese
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
.
T
h
e
R
F
a
n
d
FS
O
lin
k
s
wer
e
m
o
d
eled
u
s
in
g
r
ay
leig
h
a
n
d
G
-
G
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
an
d
clo
s
ed
-
f
o
r
m
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
s
f
o
r
OP
a
r
e
d
er
iv
ed
.
B
o
th
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
em
p
lo
y
in
ten
s
ity
m
o
d
u
latio
n
with
d
ir
e
ct
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
h
ete
r
o
d
y
n
e
d
etec
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Nu
m
er
ical
an
aly
s
is
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
m
is
al
ig
n
m
en
t
er
r
o
r
s
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
s
'
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
e
s
s
.
Kass
im
et
a
l.
[
2
5
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
,
d
esig
n
e
d
,
a
n
d
ass
ess
ed
a
3
5
0
m
FS
OC
lin
k
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
b
ac
k
h
a
u
lin
g
f
r
o
m
p
ico
ce
lls
to
m
ac
r
o
ce
ll
a
cr
o
s
s
d
iv
er
s
e
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
E
v
alu
atio
n
cr
iter
ia
in
clu
d
ed
q
u
ality
f
ac
to
r
,
ey
e
d
iag
r
am
s
an
d
B
E
R
an
aly
s
is
.
R
esu
lts
in
d
icate
d
th
e
f
ea
s
i
b
ilit
y
o
f
d
ep
lo
y
i
n
g
th
e
FS
OC
lin
k
f
o
r
s
u
ch
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
e
d
lin
k
ex
h
ib
ited
r
o
b
u
s
t p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
v
ar
io
u
s
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
clea
r
s
k
ies with
/o
u
t
tu
r
b
u
len
ce
,
wet
s
n
o
w,
f
o
g
,
h
az
e
a
n
d
h
ea
v
y
r
ain
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
n
ef
f
icien
t
s
witch
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
a
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
th
at
s
witch
es
b
etwe
en
FS
O
o
r
R
F
lin
k
s
b
ased
o
n
a
p
r
e
d
ef
in
e
d
SNR
th
r
esh
o
ld
.
T
h
e
s
in
g
le
-
th
r
esh
o
ld
m
e
ch
an
is
m
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
s
i
m
p
lify
th
e
s
witch
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
en
h
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
B
y
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ly
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
o
u
tag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
r
e
ce
iv
ed
SNR
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
an
d
s
y
s
tem
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
we
aim
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
in
t
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
5
4
3
-
1
5
5
4
1546
o
p
tim
izin
g
h
y
b
r
id
FS
O/R
F
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
e
f
f
icien
t,
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
r
eliab
le
p
ico
-
m
ac
r
o
ce
ll
b
ac
k
h
au
lin
g
.
Als
o
,
with
th
e
g
o
al
to
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
p
o
te
n
tials
o
f
h
y
b
r
i
d
FS
O/R
F
s
y
s
tem
s
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
b
ac
k
h
au
lin
g
ch
allen
g
es
in
n
ex
t
-
g
en
er
atio
n
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
s
an
d
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
t
h
eir
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tati
o
n
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
in
clu
d
e:
i)
d
esig
n
in
g
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
FS
O/R
F
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
co
n
ce
p
t
f
o
r
p
ico
-
m
ac
r
o
ce
ll
b
ac
k
h
au
lin
g
a
p
p
licatio
n
;
ii)
w
e
f
o
r
m
u
late
th
e
PDF
an
d
C
DF
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
R
F
an
d
FS
O
lin
k
s
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
;
iii)
w
e
o
b
tain
ed
th
e
OP
eq
u
atio
n
s
f
o
r
R
F
-
o
n
ly
,
FS
O
-
o
n
ly
an
d
h
y
b
r
i
d
FS
O/R
F
s
y
s
tem
;
iv
)
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
lo
wch
ar
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
-
th
r
esh
o
ld
h
ar
d
-
s
witch
in
g
s
ch
em
e;
v
)
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
s
im
u
latio
n
s
,
we
co
n
d
u
cted
n
u
m
er
ical
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
an
d
e
v
alu
ated
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
o
u
tag
e
f
o
r
th
e
l
in
k
s
;
an
d
v
i
)
f
in
ally
,
we
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
f
er
e
d
b
y
th
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
s
y
s
tem
in
ter
m
s
o
f
OP
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
FS
O
-
o
n
ly
o
r
R
F
-
o
n
ly
lin
k
s
.
T
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
is
as
f
o
llo
ws:
s
ec
ti
o
n
2
c
o
v
er
s
th
e
s
y
s
tem
a
n
d
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
els,
s
ec
tio
n
3
d
e
tails
th
e
r
esu
lts
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
,
an
d
s
ec
tio
n
4
co
n
clu
d
es th
e
p
ap
e
r
.
2.
SYST
E
M
AND
CH
AN
NE
L
M
O
DE
L
S
ec
tio
n
two
p
r
esen
t
s
th
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
ch
a
n
n
el
m
o
d
el,
d
etailin
g
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
FS
O/R
F
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
co
n
ce
p
t.
I
t
in
clu
d
es
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
ex
p
r
es
s
io
n
s
f
o
r
PDFs
an
d
C
DF
s
f
o
r
th
e
R
F
an
d
F
SO
lin
k
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
OP
an
aly
s
is
eq
u
atio
n
s
ar
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
f
o
r
th
e
R
F,
FS
O,
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
FS
O/R
F
s
y
s
tem
.
A
f
lo
wch
ar
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
in
g
le
-
th
r
esh
o
ld
h
a
r
d
-
s
witch
i
n
g
s
ch
em
e
is
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
th
e
lin
k
s
’
s
witch
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
2
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
m
o
del
T
h
is
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el,
as
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
I
t
d
ep
icts
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
co
n
ce
p
t
f
o
r
p
ico
-
m
ac
r
o
ce
ll
b
ac
k
h
au
lin
g
.
I
t
s
h
o
ws
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
p
ico
ce
ll
an
d
th
e
p
ic
o
ce
ll
is
b
ac
k
h
au
le
d
to
th
e
m
ac
r
o
ce
ll
v
ia
FS
O
o
r
R
F
lin
k
s
.
Prio
r
ity
is
g
iv
en
to
FS
O
lin
k
an
d
is
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
atten
u
atio
n
an
d
tu
r
b
u
len
ce
.
Du
r
in
g
s
tr
o
n
g
t
u
r
b
u
len
ce
o
r
att
en
u
at
io
n
co
n
d
itio
n
,
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
is
d
o
n
e
v
ia
t
h
e
R
F lin
k
.
M
ac
r
oc
e
l
l
B
S
P
i
c
oc
e
l
l
C
or
e
n
e
t
w
or
k
R
F
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
R
F
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
F
S
O
Tx
F
S
O
Rx
R
F
l
i
n
k
T
e
x
t
F
S
O
l
i
n
k
•
A
t
m
os
phe
r
i
c
a
t
t
e
nua
t
i
on
•
A
t
m
os
phe
r
i
c
t
ur
bul
e
nc
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Hy
b
r
id
FS
O/R
F d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t scen
ar
i
o
co
n
ce
p
t f
o
r
p
ico
-
m
ac
r
o
ce
ll b
ac
k
h
au
lin
g
2
.
2
.
F
SO
l
ink
B
ased
o
n
th
e
FS
O
lin
k
d
esi
g
n
ed
in
[
2
5
]
f
o
r
p
ico
-
m
ac
r
o
ce
ll
b
ac
k
h
au
lin
g
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
,
th
e
FS
O
tr
an
s
ce
iv
er
is
in
lin
e
-
of
-
s
ig
h
t,
n
o
p
o
in
tin
g
/m
is
alig
n
m
e
n
t
er
r
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
lin
k
o
p
er
ates
u
s
in
g
in
t
en
s
ity
m
o
d
u
latio
n
an
d
d
ir
ec
t d
etec
tio
n
with
o
n
-
o
f
f
k
ey
in
g
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
at
1
,
5
50
n
m
o
p
tical
wav
elen
g
th
,
an
d
li
n
k
r
an
g
e
o
f
3
5
0
m
.
A
t th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
s
id
e,
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
is
g
iv
en
as:
1
=
ℎ
1
+
1
(
1
)
wh
er
e
1
is
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
ig
n
a
ls
,
1
d
en
o
tes
th
e
ad
d
itiv
e
wh
ite
g
au
s
s
ian
n
o
is
e
with
ze
r
o
m
ea
n
an
d
v
ar
ian
ce
(
AW
GN)
,
an
d
h
in
d
icate
s
n
o
r
m
alize
d
ch
an
n
el
f
ad
i
n
g
.
W
ith
ass
u
m
ed
p
o
in
t
-
to
-
p
o
in
t
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
etwe
en
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
Ou
ta
g
e
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f a
s
in
g
le
-
th
r
esh
o
ld
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a
r
d
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s
w
itch
in
g
h
yb
r
id
…
(
A
b
d
u
lja
la
l Yu
s
h
a
’
u
K
a
s
s
i
m
)
1547
th
e
tr
an
s
ce
iv
er
s
,
th
e
p
o
in
tin
g
er
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o
r
s
/m
is
alig
n
m
en
t
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
n
eg
lig
ib
le,
esp
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f
o
r
lin
k
s
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elo
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1
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T
h
er
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e,
th
e
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alize
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h
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n
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el
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ly
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o
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ee
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9
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lin
k
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ce
in
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icate
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d
,
V
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o
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ize
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ase
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r
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as a
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ies
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1
9
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ex
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2
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g
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ate
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r
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r
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[
1
3
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ter
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ip
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in
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s
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b
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f
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f
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lin
k
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iv
en
in
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a
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d
(
8
b
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.
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h
e
av
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a
g
e
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(
̅
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is
g
iv
en
in
(
9
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as [
1
1
]
:
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̅
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(
8a
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(
8b
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2
2
2
2
2
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wh
er
e
is
th
e
p
h
o
to
-
d
etec
to
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r
esp
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n
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en
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in
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x
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Ε
r
ep
r
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ts
th
e
a
v
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s
y
m
b
o
l
en
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y
,
is
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
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t
ical
p
o
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t
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n
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ar
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r
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th
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tical
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d
(
3
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.
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ter
m
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o
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s
t
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o
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f
r
a
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m
v
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e
PDF in
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ca
n
b
e
p
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ted
as
:
(
)
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(
/
√
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2
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ter
m
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Me
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ess
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−
[
.
]
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
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u
s
in
g
(
1
4
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in
[
2
7
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a
n
d
(
3
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in
[
1
1
]
,
(
1
0
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ca
n
b
e
r
e
d
u
ce
d
to
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
5
4
3
-
1
5
5
4
1548
(
)
=
−
1
2
(
)
(
)
0
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2
2
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0
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√
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|
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,
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1
1)
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
an
d
s
im
p
lify
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g
th
e
PD
F
in
(
1
1
)
,
th
e
C
DF
o
f
th
e
SNR
f
o
r
th
e
G
-
G
d
is
tr
ib
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tio
n
FS
O
lin
k
is
p
r
esen
ted
as [
1
1
]
:
(
)
=
2
+
−
2
(
)
(
)
1
,
5
4
,
1
(
(
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2
16
̅
|
1
2
,
+
1
2
,
2
,
+
1
2
,
0
)
(1
2
)
2
.
3
.
RF
l
ink
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
ac
k
u
p
R
F
lin
k
u
tili
ze
s
th
e
m
illi
m
eter
wav
e
ca
r
r
ier
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
p
er
atin
g
at
6
0
GHz
.
T
h
e
lin
k
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ass
u
m
ed
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e
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lin
e
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of
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ig
h
t
co
m
m
u
n
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n
ch
an
n
el
an
d
q
u
ad
r
at
u
r
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
an
d
th
u
s
is
m
o
d
eled
as
a
r
ician
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
T
h
is
f
ad
i
n
g
m
o
d
el
i
s
th
e
b
est
f
it
f
o
r
s
tr
o
n
g
d
ir
ec
t
lin
e
-
of
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s
ig
h
t
co
m
m
u
n
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n
b
etwe
en
th
e
tr
an
s
ce
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er
s
.
T
h
e
lin
k
a
v
er
ag
e
p
o
wer
g
ain
is
g
iv
e
n
as [
1
9
]
:
ℎ
[
]
=
+
−
20
10
4
−
−
(1
3
)
wh
er
e
g
ain
s
o
f
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itti
n
g
an
d
r
ec
eiv
in
g
an
ten
n
as
ar
e
d
en
o
ted
b
y
an
d
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
is
th
e
m
m
W
o
p
er
atin
g
wav
elen
g
th
,
an
d
ch
ar
ac
ter
izes
th
e
atten
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atio
n
co
ef
f
icien
ts
d
u
e
to
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ain
s
ca
tter
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g
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d
o
x
y
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en
ab
s
o
r
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tio
n
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r
esp
e
ctiv
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is
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
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etwe
en
th
e
tr
an
s
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s
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th
e
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e,
th
e
R
F
s
ig
n
al
r
ec
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ed
is
g
iv
en
as [
2
3
]
:
=
√
ℎ
ℎ
+
(1
4
)
wh
er
e
d
en
o
tes
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
ig
n
al,
ℎ
an
d
ℎ
r
ep
r
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t
th
e
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F
lin
k
s
’
p
ath
lo
s
s
an
d
f
a
d
in
g
co
ef
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icien
ts
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
n
o
is
e
ter
m
s
h
o
wn
as
is
ass
u
m
ed
t
o
b
e
AW
GN
with
co
m
p
lex
ze
r
o
m
ea
n
an
d
v
ar
ian
ce
2
=
[
2
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
ician
f
ad
in
g
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
th
e
R
F lin
k
’s
PDF is
g
iv
en
as [
2
6
]
:
(
ℎ
)
=
2
(
1
+
)
ℎ
(
−
−
(
1
+
)
ℎ
2
)
×
(
2
ℎ
√
(
1
+
)
)
(1
5
)
H
er
e
,
K
is
th
e
r
ice
p
ar
am
eter
,
r
ep
r
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tin
g
th
e
s
tr
en
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
d
ir
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t
lin
e
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of
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ig
h
t
co
m
p
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n
en
t
in
th
e
f
ad
in
g
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f
icien
t.
A
lo
w
K
v
alu
e
d
e
n
o
tes
s
ev
er
e
c
h
an
n
el
f
ad
in
g
,
with
K=
0
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
lar
g
est
f
ad
in
g
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
also
k
n
o
wn
as
r
a
y
leig
h
f
ad
in
g
-
a
s
u
b
s
et
o
f
th
e
r
ician
f
ad
in
g
m
o
d
el.
H
ig
h
er
v
alu
e
s
o
f
K
in
d
icate
less
f
ad
in
g
,
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est
v
alu
es
ass
o
ciate
d
w
ith
th
e
AW
GN.
I
is
th
e
ze
r
o
th
-
o
r
d
er
m
o
d
if
ied
B
ess
el
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
k
in
d
.
In
(
1
6
a)
an
d
(
1
6
b
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
e
twee
n
th
e
R
F
lin
k
’
s
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
r
ec
eiv
e
d
SNR
(
)
as a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
SNR
(
̅
)
an
d
ℎ
d
en
o
te
th
e
f
ad
in
g
c
o
ef
f
icien
t:
=
̅
ℎ
2
(1
6a
)
ℎ
=
√
̅
(1
6b
)
Usi
n
g
th
e
in
s
tan
tan
e
o
u
s
a
n
d
a
v
er
ag
e
SNR
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
,
t
h
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o
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h
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R
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e
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ewr
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y
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u
b
s
titu
tin
g
(
1
6
b
)
in
to
(
1
5
)
an
d
af
ter
s
o
m
e
s
im
p
lific
atio
n
s
,
(
ℎ
)
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as:
(
)
=
+
1
̅
[
−
(
+
1
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]
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(
2
√
(
+
1
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̅
)
(1
7
)
T
h
e
C
DF
o
f
th
e
in
s
tan
tan
e
o
u
s
SNR
o
f
th
e
R
F
lin
k
ca
n
b
e
g
iv
en
as
[
1
0
]
a
n
d
[
2
8
]
in
(
1
8
)
,
wh
er
e
1
[
.
,
.
]
is
th
e
Ma
r
cu
m
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t o
r
d
er
:
(
)
=
1
−
1
(
√
2
,
√
2
(
+
1
)
̅
)
(1
8
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
Ou
ta
g
e
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f a
s
in
g
le
-
th
r
esh
o
ld
h
a
r
d
-
s
w
itch
in
g
h
yb
r
id
…
(
A
b
d
u
lja
la
l Yu
s
h
a
’
u
K
a
s
s
i
m
)
1549
2
.
4
.
Sin
g
le
-
t
hresh
o
ld
h
a
rd
-
s
wit
ching
m
ec
ha
nis
m
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
,
tailo
r
ed
f
o
r
p
i
co
-
m
ac
r
o
ce
ll
b
ac
k
h
au
li
n
g
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
,
co
m
p
r
is
es
FS
O
lin
k
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
lin
k
a
n
d
R
F
lin
k
as
a
b
ac
k
u
p
.
A
s
in
g
le
-
th
r
esh
o
ld
h
ar
d
-
s
witch
in
g
s
ch
em
e
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
f
o
r
lin
k
s
witch
in
g
,
c
o
n
s
id
er
e
d
to
b
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
a
n
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ical
f
o
r
th
is
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ce
n
ar
io
.
T
h
e
FS
O
lin
k
h
a
n
d
les
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
wh
en
its
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
SNR
(
)
e
x
ce
ed
s
a
s
p
ec
if
ied
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
(
ℎ
)
.
I
f
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
d
eter
io
r
ate
s
o
r
b
lo
ck
ag
e
o
cc
u
r
s
,
c
au
s
in
g
th
e
FS
O
lin
k
's
SN
R
t
o
d
r
o
p
b
elo
w
th
is
th
r
esh
o
ld
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
tr
i
g
g
er
s
th
e
b
ac
k
u
p
R
F
lin
k
.
D
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
is
d
o
n
e
v
ia
th
e
R
F
lin
k
,
if
it’s
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
SNR
(
)
s
u
r
p
as
s
es
th
e
R
F
th
r
esh
o
ld
(
ℎ
)
.
W
h
en
b
o
th
lin
k
s
'
SNR
f
alls
b
elo
w
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
en
ter
s
an
o
u
tag
e
s
tate.
Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
witch
in
g
o
p
e
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
in
g
le
-
th
r
esh
o
ld
h
ar
d
-
s
witch
in
g
s
ch
em
e
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
Fig
u
r
e
3
d
ep
icts
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
lo
wch
ar
t
g
o
v
er
n
in
g
s
in
g
le
-
th
r
esh
o
ld
h
ar
d
-
s
witch
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sin
g
le
-
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
s
wi
tch
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
S
t
a
r
t
P
r
i
ma
r
y
t
r
a
n
s
mi
s
s
i
o
n
v
i
a
F
S
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l
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n
k
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st
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ma
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n
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i
n
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e
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r
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k
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a
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n
k
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l
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l
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y
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t
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e
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n
d
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s
F
S
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S
N
R
>
T
h
.
S
N
R
I
s
R
F
S
N
R
>
T
h
.
S
N
R
Y
E
S
Y
E
S
NO
NO
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Alg
o
r
ith
m
f
l
o
wch
ar
t
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
Hy
b
r
id
FS
O/R
F sy
s
tem
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
5
4
3
-
1
5
5
4
1550
2
.
5
.
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
t
he
pro
ba
bil
it
y
o
f
o
uta
g
e
f
o
r
t
he
h
y
brid
F
SO
/RF
s
y
s
t
em
Am
o
n
g
th
e
k
ey
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
(
KPI
)
o
f
a
wir
eles
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
s
y
s
tem
is
t
h
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
as
a
co
n
d
itio
n
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
SNR
d
r
o
p
s
b
elo
w
a
d
ef
in
ed
th
r
es
h
o
ld
,
w
h
ich
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
q
u
a
lity
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
d
ec
lar
e
d
in
o
u
tag
e
a
n
d
ca
n
n
o
t
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
t
d
at
a
.
T
h
e
OP
f
o
r
t
h
e
R
F
,
FS
O
a
n
d
f
i
n
a
ll
y
h
y
b
r
i
d
F
S
O/
R
F
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
r
e
d
e
d
u
c
e
d
i
n
(
1
9
)
–
(
2
5
)
.
T
h
e
FS
O
lin
k
’
s
OP
is
d
er
iv
ed
b
y
ev
alu
atin
g
its
C
DF in
(
1
2
)
an
d
is
g
iv
en
as:
(
ℎ
)
=
(
<
ℎ
)
=
(
ℎ
)
(1
9
)
wh
er
e
ℎ
d
en
o
tes
th
e
FS
O
lin
k
’
s
th
r
esh
o
ld
SNR
an
d
F
(
.
)
r
e
p
r
e
s
en
t th
e
C
DF
an
d
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
:
(
ℎ
)
=
∫
(
)
ℎ
0
(
20
)
Simp
lify
in
g
(
1
9
)
b
y
s
u
b
s
titu
tin
g
(
1
2
)
in
(
2
0
)
,
th
e
FS
O
lin
k
’
s
OP
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
r
e
p
lacin
g
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
SNR
(
)
with
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
SNR
(
ℎ
)
in
th
e
lin
k
’
s
C
DF [
1
3
]
an
d
is
g
iv
en
as:
(
ℎ
)
=
2
+
−
2
(
)
(
)
1
,
5
4
,
1
(
(
)
2
16
ℎ
̅
|
1
2
,
+
1
2
,
2
,
+
1
2
,
0
)
(
2
1)
T
h
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
th
e
R
F lin
k
is
d
er
iv
ed
b
y
e
v
alu
ati
n
g
its
C
DF in
(
1
8
)
an
d
is
g
iv
e
n
as:
(
ℎ
)
=
(
<
ℎ
)
=
(
ℎ
)
(
22
)
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
s
u
b
s
titu
tin
g
(
1
8
)
i
n
(
2
2
)
a
n
d
s
o
m
e
s
im
p
lific
atio
n
g
iv
es:
(
ℎ
)
=
1
−
1
(
√
2
,
√
2
(
+
1
)
ℎ
̅
)
(
23
)
Fin
ally
,
o
u
tag
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
is
d
e
r
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
(
2
1
)
a
n
d
(
2
3
)
.
T
h
is
s
tate
o
c
cu
r
s
wh
en
th
e
SNR
s
o
f
b
o
th
lin
k
s
f
all
b
elo
w
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
th
r
esh
o
l
d
s
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
co
m
p
lete
s
y
s
tem
o
u
tag
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
o
u
tag
e
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
FS
O/R
F is
g
iv
en
as:
ℎ
=
(
ℎ
)
×
(
ℎ
)
(
24
)
Su
b
s
titu
tin
g
(
2
1
)
an
d
(
2
3
)
in
to
(
2
4
)
,
g
iv
es:
ℎ
=
2
+
−
2
(
)
(
)
1
,
5
4
,
1
(
(
)
2
16
ℎ
̅
|
1
2
,
+
1
2
,
2
,
+
1
2
,
0
)
×
[
1
−
1
(
√
2
,
√
2
(
+
1
)
ℎ
̅
)
]
(
25
)
Usi
n
g
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
C
DF
a
n
d
PDF
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
R
F
an
d
FS
O
lin
k
s
in
(
1
0
)
,
(
1
2
)
,
(
1
7
)
,
an
d
(
1
8
)
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
OP
o
f
th
e
FS
O,
R
F
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
FS
O/R
F
d
er
iv
ed
in
(
2
1
)
,
(
2
3
)
,
an
d
(
2
5
)
,
a
n
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
in
g
le
-
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
h
ar
d
-
s
witch
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
,
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
s
im
u
latio
n
s
,
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
s
y
s
tem
is
ev
alu
ated
in
s
ec
tio
n
th
r
ee
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tu
d
y
an
d
th
ei
r
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
is
p
r
esen
t
ed
in
th
is
s
ec
t
io
n
.
Als
o
,
im
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
an
d
ch
a
n
n
el
m
o
d
el
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
,
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
OP
f
o
r
th
e
R
F
-
o
n
ly
,
FSO
-
o
n
ly
an
d
h
y
b
r
i
d
FS
O/R
F
lin
k
s
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
witch
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
e
v
alu
a
ted
.
Utilizin
g
r
ician
f
ad
in
g
an
d
G
-
G
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
R
F
an
d
FS
O
lin
k
s
,
an
d
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
a
s
tr
o
n
g
tu
r
b
u
len
ce
co
n
d
itio
n
with
=
2
.
064
an
d
=
1
.
342
,
an
d
an
atm
o
s
p
h
er
ic
atten
u
atio
n
o
f
0
.
2
3
3
d
B
/k
m
f
o
r
a
clea
r
s
k
y
wea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
.
A
r
ice
p
ar
am
eter
o
f
K
=6
d
B
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
R
F lin
k
.
A
lin
k
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
3
50
m
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
wh
ich
is
b
est f
it f
o
r
p
ico
-
m
ac
r
o
ce
ll
b
ac
k
h
au
lin
g
d
is
tan
ce
.
Gr
ap
h
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
o
u
ta
g
e
f
o
r
th
e
R
F
-
o
n
ly
,
FS
O
-
o
n
ly
an
d
h
y
b
r
i
d
FS
O/
R
F lin
k
s
ar
e
ac
h
iev
ed
v
ia
MA
T
L
AB
s
im
u
latio
n
s
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
s
tated
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
p
r
esen
t
s
t
h
e
p
lo
t
o
f
OP
ag
ain
s
t
av
er
a
g
e
SNR
f
o
r
s
in
g
le
-
th
r
esh
o
ld
FS
O
-
o
n
ly
,
R
F
-
o
n
ly
a
n
d
h
y
b
r
id
FS
O/R
F.
B
a
s
ed
o
n
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
th
at
a
lin
k
o
n
ly
g
o
es
o
n
o
u
tag
e
f
o
r
av
er
ag
e
SNR
s
b
elo
w
a
s
p
ec
if
ied
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
Ou
ta
g
e
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f a
s
in
g
le
-
th
r
esh
o
ld
h
a
r
d
-
s
w
itch
in
g
h
yb
r
id
…
(
A
b
d
u
lja
la
l Yu
s
h
a
’
u
K
a
s
s
i
m
)
1551
th
r
esh
o
ld
w
h
ich
is
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
o
n
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
s
er
v
ice
.
F
o
r
th
e
FS
O
lin
k
,
a
th
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
ℎ
=6
d
B
an
d
ℎ
=
3
d
B
f
o
r
th
e
R
F
lin
k
ar
e
ev
al
u
ated
.
Fr
o
m
th
e
g
r
ap
h
,
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
h
at
th
e
OP
o
f
b
o
th
li
n
k
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
with
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
av
er
a
g
e
SNR
,
th
is
is
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
b
etter
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
at
h
ig
h
e
r
SNR
.
T
h
e
FS
O
-
o
n
ly
l
in
k
g
o
es o
n
o
u
tag
e
f
o
r
SNR
b
elo
w
6
d
B
an
d
R
F
-
o
n
ly
lin
k
g
o
es o
n
o
u
tag
e
f
o
r
SNR
b
elo
w
3
d
B
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
b
en
ef
its
o
f
h
y
b
r
i
d
izin
g
FS
O
an
d
R
F
lin
k
s
,
wh
er
e
th
e
FS
O
lin
k
is
in
o
u
tag
e
at
SNR
b
elo
w
6
d
B
,
th
e
R
F
lin
k
co
n
tin
u
e
t
o
tr
an
s
m
it
th
e
d
at
a,
th
u
s
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
r
eliab
le
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
t
o
p
er
a
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
cle
ar
ly
d
e
p
icts
th
e
ca
s
e
wer
e
th
e
FS
O
lin
k
b
ein
g
s
u
b
jecte
d
to
s
ev
er
e
atten
u
atio
n
o
r
s
ev
er
e
tu
r
b
u
len
ce
o
r
ev
en
b
lo
ck
a
g
e
b
y
o
b
jects
an
d
its
S
NR
g
o
es
b
elo
w
t
h
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
,
th
en
t
h
e
R
F
lin
k
co
m
es
in
to
co
n
tin
u
e
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
th
u
s
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t p
ar
ti
cu
lar
l
y
f
o
r
p
i
co
-
m
ac
r
o
ce
ll
b
ac
k
h
a
u
lin
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
lo
t
f
o
r
OP
ag
ain
s
t
av
er
ag
e
SNR
f
o
r
s
in
g
le
-
th
r
esh
o
ld
R
F
-
o
n
ly
,
FSO
-
o
n
ly
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
FS
O/
R
F
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
F
ig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
s
a
m
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
ℎ
=
ℎ
=6
d
B
f
o
r
b
o
th
lin
k
s
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
At
t
h
e
s
am
e
SN
R
th
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
6
d
B
,
it g
iv
es
cle
ar
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
g
o
es o
n
o
u
tag
e
s
in
ce
b
o
th
lin
k
s
ar
e
in
o
u
tag
e
at
SNR
b
elo
w
6
d
B
.
I
f
an
y
o
f
th
e
lin
k
’
s
SNR
im
p
r
o
v
es
ab
o
v
e
6
d
B
th
r
esh
o
ld
,
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
is
d
ec
lar
ed
n
o
n
-
o
u
tag
e.
T
h
e
s
witch
in
g
b
etwe
en
th
e
lin
k
s
b
ased
o
n
r
ea
l
tim
e
SNR
ev
alu
atio
n
s
ca
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
m
in
im
ize
th
e
to
tal
s
y
s
tem
OP
,
th
u
s
m
ak
in
g
it
h
ig
h
ly
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
th
e
s
aid
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
wh
e
r
e
p
r
im
ar
y
FS
O
lin
k
f
ailu
r
e
ca
n
lead
to
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
o
p
er
ati
o
n
al
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
s
o
f
s
er
v
ice.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Ou
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
s
in
g
le
-
th
r
esh
o
ld
FS
O
-
o
n
ly
,
R
F
-
o
n
ly
an
d
h
y
b
r
i
d
FS
O/R
F a
s
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
av
er
ag
e
SNR
-
ℎ
=6
d
B
an
d
ℎ
=3
dB
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Ou
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
s
in
g
le
-
th
r
esh
o
ld
FS
O
-
o
n
ly
,
R
F
-
o
n
ly
an
d
Hy
b
r
id
FS
O/R
F
as a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
av
er
ag
e
SNR
-
ℎ
=
ℎ
=6
dB
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
5
4
3
-
1
5
5
4
1552
Fig
u
r
es
6
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
witch
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
at
SNR
-
ℎ
=6
d
B
an
d
ℎ
=3
d
B
,
an
d
SNR
-
ℎ
=5
d
B
an
d
ℎ
=1
0
d
B
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
b
o
th
lin
k
s
h
av
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
SNR
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a)
,
t
h
e
FS
O
lin
k
g
o
es
in
o
u
tag
e
at
SNR
b
elo
w
6
d
B
wh
ile
R
F
lin
k
g
o
es
in
o
u
tag
e
at
SNR
b
elo
w
3
d
B
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
izatio
n
an
d
s
witch
in
g
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
o
n
ly
g
o
es
o
n
o
u
tag
e
wh
e
n
R
F
lin
k
g
o
es
o
n
o
u
tag
e,
b
ec
au
s
e
it
h
as
th
e
lo
we
s
t
SN
R
th
r
esh
o
ld
.
L
ik
ewise
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
,
t
h
e
FS
O
l
i
n
k
g
o
e
s
o
n
o
u
t
a
g
e
a
t
SN
R
b
e
l
o
w
5
d
B
w
h
i
l
e
R
F
l
i
n
k
g
o
e
s
i
n
o
u
t
a
g
e
at
S
NR
b
e
l
o
w
1
0
d
B
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
o
n
ly
g
o
es
o
n
o
u
tag
e
wh
e
n
FS
O
lin
k
g
o
es
o
n
o
u
tag
e,
b
ec
au
s
e
it
h
as
th
e
lo
west
SNR
th
r
esh
o
ld
.
T
h
is
ar
r
an
g
em
en
t
g
iv
es
a
clea
r
er
,
m
o
r
e
d
etailed
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
n
h
o
w
ea
ch
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
u
n
d
er
th
e
s
am
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
a
n
d
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
h
o
w
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
p
o
ten
tially
o
f
f
e
r
s
im
p
r
o
v
ed
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
v
e
r
s
in
g
le
-
lin
k
s
s
y
s
tem
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Hy
b
r
id
FS
O/R
F si
n
g
le
-
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
witch
in
g
o
p
er
ati
o
n
at
(
a)
SNR
-
ℎ
=6
d
B
an
d
ℎ
=
3
dB
an
d
(
b
)
SNR
-
ℎ
=
5
d
B
an
d
ℎ
=1
0
dB
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
g
r
ap
h
s
d
ep
ictin
g
OP
ag
ain
s
t
r
ec
eiv
ed
S
NR
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
u
tili
zin
g
s
in
g
le
-
th
r
esh
o
ld
h
a
r
d
-
s
witch
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
B
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
b
alan
cin
g
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
s
o
f
b
o
th
lin
k
s
,
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
f
er
s
a
r
eliab
le,
lo
w
-
o
u
tag
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
m
o
d
er
n
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
p
av
in
g
th
e
way
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
b
ac
k
h
au
l
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
clea
r
p
ath
wa
y
f
o
r
d
e
p
lo
y
in
g
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
s
in
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
k
ey
in
d
u
s
tr
y
ch
allen
g
es a
n
d
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
th
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
t o
f
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
est
t
h
at
d
ep
l
o
y
in
g
h
y
b
r
i
d
FS
O/R
F
s
y
s
tem
s
in
p
ic
o
-
m
ac
r
o
ce
ll
b
a
ck
h
au
lin
g
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
en
h
a
n
ce
n
et
wo
r
k
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
i
s
is
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
u
r
b
a
n
an
d
d
en
s
ely
p
o
p
u
lated
ar
ea
s
w
h
e
r
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
v
a
r
iab
ilit
y
an
d
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
ch
allen
g
es.
T
h
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
OP
im
p
lies
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
s
er
v
ice
q
u
ality
,
f
ewe
r
d
r
o
p
p
ed
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
,
an
d
en
h
a
n
c
ed
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
Fo
r
n
etwo
r
k
o
p
er
ato
r
s
,
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
FS
O/R
F
s
y
s
tem
p
r
esen
ts
an
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
y
to
d
ep
l
o
y
m
o
r
e
r
esil
ien
t
an
d
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
b
ac
k
h
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