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9]
,
S
L
R
a
b
o
ut
s
t
ude
n
t
s
'
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
i
e
s
[
10]
,
S
L
R
a
b
o
u
t
t
h
e
l
i
mi
t
a
t
i
o
ns
a
n
d
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
s
o
f
us
i
ng
C
h
a
t
GPT
i
n
e
duc
a
t
i
o
n
[
11]
,
S
L
R
a
b
o
ut
m
e
th
od
s
,
u
s
e
s
,
a
n
d
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
of
A
I
c
h
a
tb
o
t
i
n
e
d
u
c
a
ti
on
[
1
2
]
,
S
L
R
a
n
d
C
h
a
tG
P
T
ta
x
on
om
y
i
n
h
e
a
l
t
h
c
a
r
e
[
1
3
]
,
a
n
d
a
li
t
e
r
a
t
ur
e
r
e
vi
e
w
o
n
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
li
t
e
r
a
c
y
a
n
d
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
c
ur
r
i
c
u
l
a
[
14]
.
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
s
e
f
a
c
t
s
,
t
h
e
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
ur
e
c
o
n
f
i
r
m
s
t
h
a
t
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
o
n
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
w
i
t
h
C
h
a
t
GPT
i
n
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
w
i
t
h
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
ur
e
r
e
vi
e
w
s
s
t
i
ll
n
e
e
ds
to
b
e
i
m
pr
o
v
e
d
a
n
d
ur
ge
n
t
l
y
c
a
r
r
i
e
d
o
u
t
.
Di
g
i
t
a
l
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
w
i
t
h
C
h
a
tGP
T
i
n
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
h
a
s
e
m
p
i
r
i
c
a
l
l
y
b
e
c
o
m
e
a
p
r
o
m
i
s
i
n
g
i
nn
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
[
15
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
a
s
o
n
i
s
t
h
a
t
C
h
a
tGP
T
,
de
v
e
l
ope
d
by
O
pe
n
A
I
,
a
l
l
o
ws
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
us
e
r
s
a
n
d
th
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
n
n
a
tu
r
a
l
l
a
n
gua
ge
,
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
to
c
o
m
m
u
ni
c
a
t
i
n
g
wi
t
h
s
tuden
ts
i
n
a
n
s
we
r
i
n
g
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
oo
l
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
p
r
o
bl
e
m
s
[
1
6]
.
E
-
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
i
n
t
hi
s
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
a
l
s
o
i
nf
l
ue
n
c
e
s
t
h
e
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
a
c
hi
e
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
e
l
e
m
e
n
tar
y
s
c
h
oo
l
s
tud
e
n
t
s
[
17
]
.
A
pa
r
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
a
t,
te
a
c
h
e
r
m
ot
i
v
a
t
i
o
n
,
e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y
,
a
n
d
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
m
a
k
e
i
t
e
a
s
i
e
r
f
or
th
e
m
to
te
a
c
h
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
,
w
i
t
h
e
vi
de
n
c
e
t
h
a
t
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
oo
l
s
tu
de
n
t
s
h
a
v
e
a
c
a
de
m
i
c
e
n
t
h
us
i
a
s
m
f
or
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
[
1
8
]
-
[
20
].
Di
g
i
ta
l
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
i
n
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
oo
l
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
i
s
a
n
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
th
a
t
m
a
ny
te
a
c
h
e
r
s
h
a
v
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
b
e
c
a
us
e
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
i
s
o
f
t
e
n
f
a
c
e
d
w
i
t
h
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
ge
s
i
n
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
ni
ng
s
tu
d
e
n
t
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
m
e
n
t
[
21
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
or
e
,
s
tu
dy
i
n
g
di
g
i
t
a
l
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
wi
t
h
C
h
a
tGP
T
i
n
e
l
e
m
e
n
ta
r
y
s
c
h
oo
l
s
i
n
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
i
s
i
n
tr
i
gui
n
g.
C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
w
i
t
h
ou
t
too
l
s
,
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
a
n
d
di
g
i
t
a
l
t
e
c
h
no
l
ogy
i
s
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
e
d
l
e
s
s
a
tt
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
f
or
s
tu
de
n
t
s
a
n
d
c
a
us
e
s
l
ow
s
u
c
c
e
s
s
a
n
d
a
l
a
c
k
o
f
s
e
l
f
-
c
o
nf
i
de
n
c
e
i
n
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
a
bi
l
i
t
i
e
s
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
H
owe
v
e
r
,
w
i
t
h
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
og
i
c
a
l
a
dv
a
n
c
e
s
,
e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
y
t
h
e
i
n
te
l
l
i
ge
n
c
e
o
f
C
h
a
tGP
T
,
e
d
uc
a
tor
s
c
a
n
c
h
a
n
ge
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
oo
l
m
a
th
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
a
p
p
r
oa
c
h
to
di
g
i
t
a
l
.
T
h
e
us
e
o
f
C
h
a
tG
P
T
i
n
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
pr
o
m
i
s
e
s
a
m
or
e
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
ve
,
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
,
a
n
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
v
e
a
p
pr
oa
c
h
[
2
5
]
.
W
i
t
h
i
t
s
a
bi
l
i
t
y
to
un
de
r
s
tan
d
a
n
d
p
r
oc
e
s
s
n
a
tu
r
a
l
h
u
m
a
n
l
a
n
gu
a
ge
,
C
h
a
tG
P
T
p
r
o
vi
de
s
i
n
d
i
vi
dua
l
i
z
e
d
e
x
pl
a
n
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
e
x
e
r
c
i
s
e
s
,
a
n
d
g
ui
da
n
c
e
to
e
a
c
h
s
tu
de
n
t.
T
hi
s
a
l
l
o
ws
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
to
b
e
tai
l
o
r
e
d
to
e
a
c
h
s
tu
de
n
t
'
s
n
e
e
ds
a
n
d
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
un
de
r
s
tan
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
t
h
e
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
[
2
6
]
.
H
owe
v
e
r
,
us
i
n
g
C
h
a
t
G
P
T
i
n
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
f
a
c
e
s
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
ge
s
a
n
d
e
t
h
i
c
a
l
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
:
da
ta
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
,
tec
h
n
o
l
o
gy
s
us
tai
n
a
bi
l
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
p
ot
e
n
t
i
a
l
de
pe
n
d
e
n
c
e
on
tec
h
n
o
l
o
gy
[
2
7
]
.
I
t
i
s
a
l
s
o
e
s
s
e
n
t
i
a
l
to
e
n
s
ur
e
t
h
a
t
th
e
us
e
o
f
C
h
a
tG
P
T
d
oe
s
n
ot
r
e
pl
a
c
e
t
h
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
th
e
te
a
c
h
e
r
b
u
t
b
e
c
o
m
e
s
a
tool
t
h
a
t
s
u
pp
or
ts
a
n
d
s
tr
e
n
g
th
e
n
s
t
h
e
s
tu
de
n
t
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
e
x
pe
r
i
e
n
c
e
[
2
8
].
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
w
i
t
h
C
h
a
t
GPT
i
n
t
h
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
s
a
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
us
i
ng
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
t
h
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
pr
o
c
e
s
s
to
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
a
nd
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
o
f
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
us
i
ng
t
h
e
A
I
C
h
a
t
GPT
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
c
om
b
i
n
e
d
wi
t
h
te
c
h
n
o
l
ogi
c
a
l
p
e
d
a
g
ogi
c
a
l
c
on
te
n
t
k
n
ow
l
e
d
g
e
(
T
P
A
C
K
)
b
y
e
l
e
m
e
n
ta
r
y
s
c
h
oo
l
te
a
c
h
e
r
s
[
2
9
]
,
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
c
e
pt
o
f
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
b
r
o
a
d
l
y
i
nv
o
l
ve
s
t
he
us
e
o
f
va
r
i
o
us
h
a
r
dwa
r
e
a
n
d
s
o
f
t
wa
r
e
s
uc
h
a
s
c
o
m
put
e
r
s
,
t
a
bl
e
t
s
,
s
m
a
r
t
ph
o
n
e
s
,
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
o
f
t
wa
r
e
(
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
e
-
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
s
)
,
ga
m
e
s
,
e
s
po
r
t
s
ga
m
e
s
[
31
]
,
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
vi
de
o
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
,
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
s
im
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
a
n
d
m
u
l
t
i
m
e
d
i
a
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
[
32
]
.
I
n
t
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
i
s
l
im
i
t
e
d
to
us
i
n
g
C
h
a
t
GPT
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
in
t
e
l
li
ge
n
c
e
,
whi
c
h
i
s
i
n
t
e
gr
a
t
e
d
wi
t
h
ot
h
e
r
too
l
s
c
ur
r
e
n
t
ly
t
r
e
n
d
i
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
l
a
t
e
s
t
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
ur
e
[
33
]
.
C
h
a
t
GPT
h
a
s
a
dv
a
n
t
a
ge
s
a
n
d
d
i
s
a
d
v
a
n
t
a
ge
s
.
Ho
we
v
e
r
,
d
i
g
i
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3
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36]
,
[
37
]
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2.
M
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1
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[
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[
39
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d
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[
41
]
,
i
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[
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5
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,
us
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f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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3
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20
24
:
1
701
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1706
r
o
b
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s
[
4
9
]
,
a
n
d
A
I
C
h
a
t
GPT
f
o
r
c
hi
l
dr
e
n
w
i
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c
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f
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r
Ki
d
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"
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n
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e
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r
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m
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S
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T
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n
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r
i
ng,
A
r
t
,
a
n
d
M
a
t
h
(
S
T
E
M
)
[
40
]
-
[6
9
]
,
wi
t
h
pr
i
n
c
i
p
l
e
s
o
f
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
pr
o
bl
e
m
-
s
o
l
vi
ng
[
7
7
]
.
Di
g
i
t
a
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
w
i
t
h
C
h
a
t
GPT
i
s
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
e
d
by
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
i
n
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
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i
c
s
l
e
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r
ni
ng
w
i
t
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t
h
e
he
l
p
o
f
ot
h
e
r
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
a
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i
f
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ia
l
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n
t
e
l
li
ge
nc
e
,
t
a
bl
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t
s
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e
-
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e
a
de
r
s
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ga
dge
t
s
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g
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t
a
l
m
u
s
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c
,
s
m
a
r
t
ph
o
n
e
s
,
l
a
pt
o
ps
,
m
o
bil
e
de
vi
c
e
s
[
5
5
]
,
m
e
t
a
v
e
r
s
e
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
,
a
n
d
m
e
t
a
-
S
T
E
M
[
7
2
]
.
Di
g
i
t
a
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
w
i
t
h
A
I
C
ha
t
GPT
i
s
a
n
e
duc
a
t
i
o
na
l
-
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
wi
t
h
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
t
e
ll
i
ge
n
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e
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e
duc
a
t
i
o
n
(
A
I
E
D)
c
o
n
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e
pt
wi
t
h
i
n
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e
r
a
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pr
a
c
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i
c
a
l
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m
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l
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im
o
da
l
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o
m
put
e
r
-
h
u
m
a
n
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
[
7
3
]
.
Di
g
i
t
a
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
i
n
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
m
a
t
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e
m
a
t
i
c
s
t
e
a
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hi
n
g
i
s
a
n
o
nli
ne
-
b
a
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e
d
l
e
a
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ni
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pa
r
a
d
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m
a
n
d
a
ppr
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a
t
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t
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li
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e
s
Ch
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t
h
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h
e
s
uppo
r
t
o
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d
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t
a
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s
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e
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,
d
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a
l
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ur
r
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c
u
l
u
m
,
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
t
oo
l
s
,
vi
d
e
o
s
,
di
g
i
t
a
l
im
a
ge
s
[
70
]
,
s
y
ll
a
b
u
s
,
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
p
l
a
nni
ng,
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
,
c
l
a
s
s
r
ul
e
s
,
c
l
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s
s
r
oo
m
s
,
di
s
c
us
s
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o
n
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n
s
t
r
uc
t
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o
n
s
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pr
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n
t
a
t
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o
n
s
c
r
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pt
s
,
a
n
d
go
o
d
di
g
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t
a
l
-
b
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d
c
l
a
s
s
r
o
o
m
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
[
7
9
].
3.
2.
Chat
GP
T
f
e
at
u
r
e
in
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
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m
at
h
e
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at
ics
l
e
a
r
n
in
g
As
a
c
o
m
put
e
r
pr
o
gr
a
m
,
C
ha
t
G
P
T
i
s
a
ne
w
-
g
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ne
r
a
t
i
o
n
AI
t
o
o
l
t
ha
t
ha
s
m
u
l
t
il
ing
u
a
l
f
e
a
t
ur
e
s
,
na
t
ur
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l
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ng
u
a
g
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,
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d
va
nc
e
d
A
I
,
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nd
2
4/
7
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va
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y
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ha
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be
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c
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wo
r
l
d
w
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nd
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s
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d
i
n
le
a
r
ni
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,
inc
l
u
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ing
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l
e
m
e
nt
a
r
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
m
a
t
he
m
a
t
i
c
s
[
6
7
]
,
[6
8
]
.
T
he
C
ha
t
G
P
T
f
e
a
t
ur
e
c
a
n
a
ns
w
e
r
m
a
t
h
qu
e
s
t
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o
ns
,
p
r
o
vi
d
e
i
t
e
r
a
t
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ve
t
r
a
i
n
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ng
,
a
nd
he
l
p
s
t
u
d
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n
t
s
w
i
t
h
va
r
i
o
us
m
a
t
h
t
a
s
k
s
[
71
]
.
C
ha
t
GPT
i
s
a
n
a
r
t
i
f
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c
i
a
l
int
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ll
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-
ba
s
e
d
c
ha
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b
o
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r
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l
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a
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d
i
n
No
ve
m
b
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r
20
22.
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t
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s
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d
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g
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t
a
l
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
m
e
d
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m
f
o
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l
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a
r
n
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m
a
t
he
m
a
t
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c
s
,
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
t
uto
r
i
ng
,
pr
o
gr
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mm
ing
[
5
4
]
,
wr
i
t
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ng
t
e
x
t
,
e
d
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t
i
ng
,
pa
r
a
p
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a
s
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ng
,
a
nd
g
i
v
ing
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
a
s
s
i
g
n
m
e
nt
s
t
o
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
[
5
6
]
.
C
ha
t
G
P
T
i
s
a
n
AI
p
r
o
du
c
t
d
e
ve
l
o
p
e
d
by
O
p
e
nAI
w
i
t
h
va
r
i
o
u
s
ve
r
s
io
ns
a
nd
u
s
e
r
s
,
na
m
e
ly
G
P
T
-
1
(
g
e
ne
r
a
l
)
,
GPT
-
2
(
ge
ne
r
a
l
)
,
GPT
-
3
(
g
e
ne
r
a
l
)
,
I
ns
t
r
uc
t
G
P
T
(
c
o
ns
e
r
va
t
i
o
n)
,
P
r
o
G
P
T
2
(
pr
o
t
e
i
n
s
e
qu
e
nc
e
s
)
,
B
i
o
G
P
T
(
bi
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m
e
d
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c
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l
c
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n
t
e
nt
)
,
C
ha
t
GPT
(
d
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a
l
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e
)
,
a
nd
t
he
l
a
t
e
s
t
i
n
2
02
3
i
s
GPT
-
4
(
ge
ne
r
a
l
)
[
5
7
]
.
M
e
a
nw
hil
e
,
t
he
c
ha
t
b
o
t
ve
r
s
i
o
ns
C
ha
t
GPT
,
GPT
-
4,
B
a
r
d,
a
nd
L
L
a
M
A
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
c
a
l
c
u
l
u
s
a
nd
s
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
s
[
6
5
]
,
C
ha
t
G
P
T
a
nd
L
L
M
s
f
o
r
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
l
e
a
r
ning
o
f
a
r
i
t
hm
e
t
i
c
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
,
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
p
r
o
bl
e
m
s
o
l
v
ing
,
a
nd
s
ym
bo
li
c
r
e
a
s
o
ni
ng
[
6
6
]
.
T
he
C
ha
t
GPT
f
e
a
t
ur
e
,
a
s
a
n
a
d
va
nc
e
d
AI
t
o
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l
,
r
e
v
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l
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du
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a
t
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o
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a
nd
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a
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ning
a
nd
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s
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e
d
t
o
he
l
p
w
i
t
h
a
c
a
d
e
mi
c
t
a
s
k
s
,
c
o
u
ns
e
li
ng
,
c
r
e
a
t
i
ve
int
e
ll
i
g
e
nc
e
,
a
nd
m
a
t
he
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
p
r
o
bl
e
m
-
s
o
l
v
i
ng
[
6
2
]
.
T
he
i
nt
e
ll
i
g
e
nt
f
e
a
t
ur
e
s
o
f
C
ha
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GPT
i
n
e
l
e
m
e
nt
a
r
y
s
c
ho
o
l
m
a
t
he
m
a
t
i
c
s
l
e
a
r
ni
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a
r
e
s
u
i
t
a
bl
e
in
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r
a
c
t
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g
a
m
e
s
o
n
f
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a
c
t
i
o
ns
,
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
nt
s
,
a
dd
i
ng
u
ni
t
s
,
an
d
c
o
m
p
a
r
i
ng
s
im
p
l
e
f
r
a
c
t
i
o
ns
[
4
8
]
.
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
le
a
r
ni
ng
w
i
t
h
C
ha
t
G
P
T
i
n
m
a
t
he
m
a
t
i
c
s
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
o
f
f
e
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s
a
s
s
i
s
t
a
nc
e
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n
p
r
o
bl
e
m
-
s
o
l
v
ing
,
c
o
nc
e
pt
u
a
l
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l
a
r
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t
y,
a
d
a
pt
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ve
t
e
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hni
q
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s
,
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nt
e
gr
a
t
i
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m
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l
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r
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a
c
c
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b
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t
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ur
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f
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hi
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,
c
r
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t
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t
y
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ng
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a
ge
t
r
a
ns
l
a
t
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o
n,
a
nd
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nt
e
r
a
c
t
i
ve
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
[
6
4
]
.
C
ha
t
G
P
T
,
a
s
a
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
l
e
a
r
ning
to
o
l
,
ha
s
s
h
o
r
t
c
o
m
ing
s
,
na
m
e
ly
t
he
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
o
f
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
a
ns
w
e
r
s
,
r
i
s
k
o
f
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
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p
l
a
g
i
a
r
i
s
m
,
da
t
a
c
o
n
t
a
mi
na
t
i
o
n
pr
o
bl
e
m
s
,
a
nd
e
t
hi
c
a
l
a
nd
s
e
c
ur
i
t
y
i
s
s
u
e
s
[
7
8
].
3.
3.
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
at
ion
of
d
igi
t
al
l
e
ar
n
in
g
wit
h
Ch
at
GP
T
in
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
oo
l
m
at
h
e
m
at
ics
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
T
h
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
w
i
t
h
C
h
a
t
GPT
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n
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l
e
m
e
n
t
a
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s
c
h
o
o
l
m
a
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m
a
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s
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a
r
ni
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i
s
v
e
r
y
m
uc
h
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
d
by
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
w
h
o
m
u
s
t
ha
v
e
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
c
o
m
pe
t
e
nc
e
[
42
]
.
I
n
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
i
n
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
,
C
h
a
t
GPT
de
v
e
l
o
ps
f
r
o
m
ge
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
t
e
ll
i
ge
n
c
e
(
G
A
I
)
,
ge
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
a
d
v
e
r
s
a
r
i
a
l
n
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t
wo
r
k
(
GA
N)
,
a
n
d
ge
n
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
pr
e
-
tr
a
i
ne
d
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
(
GPT
)
f
o
r
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
pr
o
bl
e
m
s
o
l
vi
ng,
ge
o
m
e
t
r
y
,
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
l
im
i
t
s
i
n
a
l
g
e
b
r
a
s
uc
h
a
s
m
a
pp
i
ng
o
u
t
pu
t
f
(
x
)
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
i
nput
x
,
n
a
m
e
ly
t
h
e
li
mi
t
L
a
t
t
h
e
i
nput
p
o
i
n
t
p
i
f
f
(
x
)
i
s
c
l
o
s
e
t
o
L
wh
e
n
x
i
s
c
l
o
s
e
to
p
[
58
]
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
de
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
ve
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
e
duc
a
t
i
o
na
l
ga
m
e
s
f
o
r
pl
a
n
e
a
n
d
s
pa
t
i
a
l
s
h
a
p
e
s
[
61
]
.
Di
g
i
t
a
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
i
s
pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
d
w
i
t
h
C
h
a
t
GPT
i
n
t
e
gr
a
t
e
d
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
-
B
a
s
e
d
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
i
n
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
[
59]
,
o
nl
i
ne
m
o
de
l
s
[
47
]
,
m
i
xe
d
,
f
li
ppe
d
c
l
a
s
s
e
s
i
n
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
[
45
]
,
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
t
e
x
t
b
o
o
ks
[
46
]
,
di
g
i
t
a
l
c
l
a
s
s
r
o
o
m
s
i
n
n
u
m
be
r
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
,
o
pe
r
a
t
i
o
ns
,
ge
o
m
e
t
r
y
,
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
n
t
,
da
t
a
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
a
l
g
e
b
r
a
,
pr
o
b
a
bi
li
t
y
[
4
3
]
,
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
to
r
e
a
d
c
o
m
pr
e
h
e
n
s
i
o
n
o
f
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
t
e
x
t
s
[
50]
,
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
ge
o
m
e
t
r
y
[
51
]
,
a
n
d
dr
a
w
i
n
g
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
m
a
t
he
m
a
t
i
c
s
pr
o
bl
e
m
s
[
63
]
.
C
h
a
t
GP
T
a
l
s
o
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
e
s
wi
t
h
Go
o
gl
e
C
o
l
a
b
w
i
t
h
pr
e
pa
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
pr
o
c
e
dur
e
s
(
t
a
s
k
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
pr
o
m
pt
c
r
a
f
t
i
n
g
,
pr
o
m
pt
o
pe
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
c
o
de
e
x
e
c
ut
i
o
n
,
r
e
s
u
l
t
v
e
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
s
u
m
m
a
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
)
,
a
n
d
e
x
p
l
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
[
76
]
.
A
f
t
e
r
t
h
e
pa
n
de
m
i
c
,
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
wa
s
pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
d
w
i
t
h
bl
e
n
de
d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
i
n
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
l
e
a
r
nin
g
o
n
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
o
n
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
pr
o
bl
e
m
s
o
l
vi
n
g,
wor
ki
n
g
o
n
que
s
t
i
o
ns
i
n
gr
o
ups
,
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
t
hi
nk
i
n
g,
c
a
l
c
u
lat
i
o
n
s
[
60
]
,
us
e
o
f
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
s
ym
b
o
l
s
a
n
d
lan
gua
g
e
,
de
r
i
v
a
t
i
v
e
s
,
l
im
i
t
s
,
i
n
t
e
gr
a
t
i
o
n
,
f
r
a
c
t
i
o
ns
,
i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
s
,
e
x
po
n
e
n
t
i
a
l
s
[
74]
,
a
n
d
t
e
t
r
a
h
e
dr
o
n
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
[
75
].
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
w
i
t
h
C
h
a
t
GPT
i
n
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
i
s
a
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
i
n
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
s
us
i
ng
t
h
e
s
y
nc
h
r
o
n
o
us
-
a
s
y
nc
h
r
o
n
o
us
m
o
de
,
vi
r
t
ua
l
/o
nli
ne
c
l
a
s
s
r
o
o
m
s
,
d
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
,
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
t
e
c
h
n
o
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y
,
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n
t
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a
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t
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d
i
g
i
t
a
l
t
oo
l
s
f
o
r
c
hi
l
dr
e
n
,
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
m
e
t
h
o
ds
,
di
g
i
t
a
l
m
e
d
i
a
,
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
b
o
a
r
ds
,
i
nno
v
a
t
i
o
n
,
d
i
g
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a
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m
o
de
li
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us
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f
r
o
b
ot
i
c
s
,
a
n
d
A
I
C
h
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GPT
f
o
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c
hi
l
dr
e
n
w
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t
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t
h
e
c
o
n
c
e
pt
o
f
"
A
I
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r
Ki
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s
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ni
ng
w
i
t
h
C
ha
t
GPT
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n
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
m
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t
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e
m
a
t
i
c
s
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
t
h
a
t
e
x
a
m
i
ne
s
i
t
i
n
de
pt
h
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1]
R
.
F
a
dhl
i,
A
.
S
uha
r
y
a
di
,
F
.
M
.
F
ir
da
us
,
a
nd M
.
B
us
ta
r
i,
“
D
e
v
e
l
o
pi
ng
a
di
gi
ta
l
le
a
r
ni
ng
e
n
v
ir
o
nm
e
nt
te
a
m
-
ba
s
e
d
pr
o
j
e
c
t
t
o
s
uppo
r
t
o
nl
in
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
in
I
nd
o
n
e
s
ia
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
E
v
al
u
at
io
n
and
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
in
E
duc
at
io
n
,
vo
l.
12,
n
o
.
3,
pp.
1
599
–
1
608,
2023, do
i:
10.11591/i
je
r
e
.
v
12
i3
.24040.
[
2]
H
.
I
bda
,
A
.
S
of
a
nud
in
,
M
.
S
y
a
f
i,
N
.
A
.
F
.
S
oe
dj
iw
o
,
A
.
S
.
A
z
i
z
a
h,
a
nd
M
.
A
r
i
f
,
“
D
ig
it
a
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
us
in
g
M
a
kt
a
ba
h
S
y
umi
la
h
N
U
1.0
s
of
twa
r
e
a
nd
c
o
mput
e
r
a
ppl
i
c
a
ti
o
n
f
or
I
s
la
mi
c
m
o
d
e
r
a
ti
o
n
in
pe
s
a
nt
r
e
n,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
E
le
c
tr
ic
al
and
C
om
put
e
r
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
, vo
l.
13, n
o
. 3, pp. 3530
–
3539, 2023, d
o
i:
10.1159
1/
ij
e
c
e
.
v
13i
3.pp3530
-
3539.
[
3]
P
.
H
.
L
i,
H
.
Y
.
L
e
e
,
Y
.
P
.
C
h
e
ng,
A
.
I
.
S
ta
r
č
i
č
,
a
nd
Y
.
M
.
H
ua
ng,
“
S
o
l
v
in
g
th
e
s
e
l
f
-
r
e
gul
a
t
e
d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
p
r
o
bl
e
m
:
e
x
p
l
o
r
in
g
th
e
pe
r
f
or
ma
nc
e
of
C
ha
tGP
T
in
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
,”
L
e
c
tu
r
e
N
ot
e
s
in
C
om
put
e
r
Sc
ie
nc
e
(
in
c
lu
di
ng
s
ubs
e
r
ie
s
L
e
c
tu
r
e
N
ot
e
s
in
A
r
ti
fi
c
ia
l
I
nt
e
ll
ig
e
nc
e
and L
e
c
tu
r
e
N
ot
e
s
i
n B
io
in
f
or
m
at
ic
s
)
, v
o
l.
14099
L
N
C
S
, pp. 77
–
86, 2023, do
i:
10.1007/978
-
3
-
031
-
40113
-
8_8.
[
4]
R
.
M
a
r
ti
ne
z
-
T
e
ll
e
z
a
nd
C
.
C
a
ma
c
h
o
-
Z
un
ig
a
,
“
E
nha
nc
in
g
m
a
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n
th
r
o
ugh
A
I
C
ha
tb
o
ts
in
a
f
l
ip
pe
d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
e
n
v
ir
o
nm
e
nt
,”
2023
I
E
E
E
I
F
E
E
S
W
or
ld
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
E
duc
at
io
n
F
or
um
and
G
lo
bal
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
D
e
ans
C
ounc
il
:
C
onv
e
r
ge
nc
e
f
o
r
a B
e
tt
e
r
W
or
ld
:
A
C
al
l
to
A
c
ti
on,
W
E
E
F
-
G
E
D
C
2023
-
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
, 2023, do
i:
10.1109/WE
E
F
-
G
E
D
C
59520.2023.10343838.
[
5]
E
.
F
it
r
ia
ni
,
R
.
R
o
e
mi
nt
oy
o,
a
nd
S
.
S
a
r
w
a
nt
o
,
“
A
ndr
o
id
-
ba
s
e
d
di
gi
ta
l
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
le
a
r
n
in
g
me
di
a
f
o
r
e
l
e
m
e
nt
a
r
y
s
c
h
oo
l
s
tu
de
nt
s
:
pr
e
li
m
in
a
r
y
s
tu
d
y
,”
Soc
ia
l,
H
um
an
it
ie
s
,
and
E
duc
at
io
nal
St
udi
e
s
(
SH
E
s
)
:
C
on
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
S
e
r
ie
s
,
v
o
l.
6,
no
.
2,
2023,
do
i:
10.20961/s
he
s
.v
6i
2.79894.
[
6]
I
.
P
oo
la
a
nd
V
.
B
o
ž
id
,
“
G
ui
di
ng
A
I
w
it
h
huma
n
in
tu
it
i
o
n
f
o
r
s
ol
v
in
g
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
a
l
pr
o
b
le
ms
in
C
ha
t
G
P
T
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
a
nd
Sc
i
e
nt
if
ic
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
, 2023, [
O
nl
in
e
]
. A
v
a
il
a
bl
e
:
ht
tp
s
:/
/s
c
h
ol
a
r
w
o
r
ks
.uma
s
s
.e
du/
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n_w
o
r
ki
ng_pa
p
e
r
s
/5
.
[
7]
S
. F
r
i
e
de
r
e
t
al
.
, “
M
a
th
e
ma
ti
c
a
l
c
a
pa
bi
li
ti
e
s
of
C
ha
tGP
T
,”
A
dv
a
nc
e
s
i
n N
e
u
r
al
I
nf
o
r
m
at
io
n P
r
oc
e
s
s
in
g Sy
s
te
m
s
, v
o
l.
36, 2023.
[
8]
Z
. Y
a
ng
e
t
al
.
, “
G
P
T
c
a
n s
ol
v
e
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
a
l
pr
o
bl
e
ms
w
it
h
o
ut
a
c
a
lc
ul
a
t
o
r
,”
ar
X
iv
, 2023, d
o
i:
10.48550/ar
X
i
v
.2309.03241.
[
9]
M
.
S
.
S
.
A
l
F
a
r
uq,
A
.
S
uno
k
o
,
H
.
I
bda
,
a
nd
K
.
W
a
h
y
udi
,
“
D
ig
it
a
l
le
a
r
ni
ng
ma
na
ge
m
e
nt
us
in
g
O
pe
nA
I
C
ha
tG
P
T
:
a
s
y
s
te
m
a
ti
c
li
te
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
L
e
ar
ni
ng,
T
e
a
c
hi
ng
and
E
duc
at
io
nal
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
,
v
o
l.
22,
n
o
.
12,
pp.
21
–
41,
2023,
do
i:
10.26803/i
jl
te
r
.22.12.2.
[
10]
H
.
K
.
R
us
y
id
a
nd
D
.
J
ua
ndi
,
“
S
tu
d
e
nt
s
’
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
di
f
f
i
c
ul
ti
e
s
in
te
r
ms
of
m
e
ta
c
o
gn
it
i
ve
a
bi
li
t
y
:
a
s
y
s
t
e
ma
ti
c
l
it
e
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
,”
P
e
dagogi:
J
ur
nal
P
e
ndi
di
k
an M
at
e
m
at
ik
a
,
vo
l.
8, n
o
.
1, 2023, do
i:
10.30605/p
e
da
g
o
g
y
.
v
8i
1.2470.
[
11]
H
.
B
e
č
ul
i
ć
,
E
.
B
e
ga
gi
ć
,
R
.
S
k
om
o
r
a
c
,
A
.
M
a
š
ov
ić
,
E
.
S
e
li
m
ov
i
ć
,
a
nd
M
.
P
o
js
ki
ć
,
“
C
ha
tG
P
T
’
s
c
o
n
tr
ib
ut
i
o
ns
t
o
th
e
e
vo
lu
ti
on
of
ne
ur
o
s
ur
gi
c
a
l
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
a
nd
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n:
a
s
y
s
t
e
ma
ti
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
of
b
e
n
e
f
it
s
,
c
o
n
c
e
r
ns
a
nd
li
mi
ta
ti
o
ns
,”
M
e
di
c
in
s
k
i
G
la
s
ni
k
,
v
o
l.
21,
no
.
1, pp. 126
–
131, 2024, do
i:
10.17392/1661
-
23.
[
12]
Ş
.
G
ökç
e
a
r
s
la
n,
C
.
T
o
s
un,
a
nd
Z
.
G
.
E
r
d
e
mi
r
,
“
B
e
n
e
f
it
s
,
c
h
a
ll
e
nge
s
,
a
nd
m
e
th
o
ds
of
a
r
ti
f
i
c
ia
l
in
t
e
ll
ig
e
nc
e
(
A
I
)
c
ha
tb
o
ts
in
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n
:
a
s
y
s
te
ma
ti
c
li
t
e
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
in
E
duc
at
io
n
,
v
o
l.
7,
n
o
.
1,
pp.
19
–
39,
2024,
do
i:
10.46328/i
jt
e
.600.
[
13]
J
.
L
i,
A
.
D
a
da
,
B
.
P
u
la
di
,
J
.
K
l
e
e
s
ie
k,
a
nd
J
.
E
gg
e
r
,
“
C
ha
tGP
T
in
h
e
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
:
A
ta
xo
n
o
m
y
a
nd
s
y
s
t
e
ma
ti
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
,”
C
om
put
e
r
M
e
th
ods
and P
r
ogr
am
s
i
n B
io
m
e
di
c
in
e
, vo
l.
245, 2024, d
o
i:
10.
1016/j
.c
mpb.2024.108013.
[
14]
J
.
W
.
S
it
o
pu
,
M
.
K
h
a
ir
a
n
i,
M
.
R
o
z
a
,
L
.
J
udi
j
a
nt
o
,
a
nd
A
s
l
a
n,
“
T
he
im
po
r
t
a
nc
e
of
in
te
gr
a
t
in
g
m
a
t
he
m
a
t
ic
a
l
li
te
r
a
c
y
in
t
he
pr
im
a
r
y
e
d
uc
a
ti
o
n
c
ur
r
ic
ul
um
:
a
l
i
te
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
v
ie
w
,
”
J
ou
r
na
l
o
f
I
n
fo
r
m
a
ti
on
Sy
s
te
m
s
an
d
M
a
na
ge
m
e
n
t
,
v
o
l.
2
,
no
.
1,
p
p.
1
21
–
1
34
,
20
24
.
[
15]
E
.
S
upr
i
y
a
di
a
nd
K
.
S
.
K
unc
or
o
,
“
E
x
pl
o
r
in
g
th
e
f
ut
ur
e
of
ma
t
he
ma
ti
c
s
te
a
c
hi
ng
:
I
ns
ig
ht
w
it
h
C
ha
tG
P
T
,”
U
ni
on:
J
ur
nal
I
lmi
ah
P
e
ndi
di
k
an M
a
te
m
at
ik
a
, vo
l.
11, n
o
. 2, pp. 305
–
316, 2023, d
o
i
:
10.30738/uni
o
n.
v
11i
2.14898.
[
16]
Z
a
f
r
ul
la
h,
M
.
L
.
H
a
ki
m,
a
nd
M
.
A
ngga
,
“
C
ha
tG
P
T
o
p
e
n
A
I
:
a
na
l
y
s
is
of
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n
s
tu
de
nt
s
le
a
r
ni
ng
in
te
r
e
s
t,
”
J
our
nal
of
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
G
lo
bal
, v
o
l.
1, n
o
. 01, pp. 1
–
10, 2023.
[
17]
S
.
A
ln
e
y
a
di
,
Y
.
W
a
r
da
t,
Q
.
A
ls
ha
nna
g,
a
nd
A
.
A
bu
-
Al
-
A
is
h,
“
T
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
of
us
in
g
s
ma
r
t
e
-
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
pp
o
n
th
e
a
c
a
de
mi
c
a
c
hi
e
ve
m
e
nt
of
e
ig
ht
h
-
gr
a
d
e
s
tu
de
nt
s
,”
E
ur
as
ia
J
our
nal
o
f
M
at
he
m
at
ic
s
,
Sc
i
e
nc
e
and
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
E
duc
at
io
n
,
v
o
l.
19,
no
.
4,
20
23,
do
i:
10.29333/
E
J
M
S
T
E
/1
3067.
[
18]
M
.
A
.
T
a
s
ht
o
us
h,
Y
.
A
.
W
a
r
da
t,
a
nd
A
.
M
.
E
ls
a
y
e
d,
“
M
a
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
di
s
ta
nc
e
le
a
r
n
in
g
a
nd
le
a
r
ni
ng
l
o
s
s
dur
in
g
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
pa
nde
mi
c
:
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
’
p
e
r
s
p
e
c
ti
ve
s
,”
J
our
nal
of
H
ig
he
r
E
duc
at
io
n
T
he
or
y
and
P
r
ac
ti
c
e
,
vo
l.
23,
n
o
.
5,
pp.
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[
19]
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13,
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.
3,
pp.
284
–
293, 2023, do
i:
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s
r
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2023
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0077.
[
21
]
N
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tz
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51
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[
22
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ty
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,
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l.
15, n
o
. 18, 2023, d
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25]
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.
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L
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ar
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l.
18,
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26
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D
. B
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l.
5, n
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. 4, pp. 401
–
418, 2023, d
o
i
:
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548/
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8
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tr
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c
J
our
nal
, 2023, do
i:
10.2139/s
s
r
n.4599104.
[
29
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.
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.
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.
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.
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s
,
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and
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duc
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,
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l.
5,
n
o
.
1,
pp.
260
–
266,
2024,
do
i:
10.56442/i
jb
le
.
v
5i
1.371.
[
30
]
H
.
I
bd
a
, I
.
S
y
a
m
s
i
,
a
n
d R
.
R
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,
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1,
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p
.
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9
–
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31
]
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.
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.
F
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.
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our
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on I
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V
is
ual
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at
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n
, vol
. 7, no
. 2, pp. 319
–
329, 2023, d
o
i:
10.30630/
j
o
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v
.7.2.1031.
[
32
]
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f
E
duc
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L
e
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ni
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,
v
o
l.
18,
n
o
.
2,
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480
–
488,
2024,
do
i:
10.11591/e
d
ul
e
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r
n.
v
18i
2.21091.
[
33
]
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.
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J
our
nal
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i:
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[
34
]
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.
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E
duc
at
io
n J
our
nal
, v
o
l.
44, pp. 1
–
9, 2023.
[
35
]
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.
C
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on
L
e
ar
ni
ng
T
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
, v
o
l.
17, pp. 1069
–
1081, 2024, d
oi
:
10.1109/
T
L
T
.
2024.3355015.
[
36
]
K
.
C
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,
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.
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o
l
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e
,
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.
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r
o
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in
,
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ha
tG
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ti
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n:
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a
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o
r
mi
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gi
ta
l
li
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e
r
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a
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ti
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e
s
,”
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our
nal
o
f
A
dol
e
s
c
e
nt
and A
dul
t
L
it
e
r
ac
y
, v
ol
. 67, n
o
. 3, pp. 186
–
195, 202
3, do
i:
10.1002/j
a
a
l.
1310.
[
37
]
J
.
A
n,
J
.
L
e
e
,
a
nd
G
.
G
w
e
o
n,
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D
oe
s
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tG
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o
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n
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g
ma
th
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d
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r
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e
ms
?
,”
C
E
U
R
W
or
k
s
hop
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
, v
o
l.
3491, pp. 49
–
58, 2023.
[
38
]
A
.
T
a
nt
o
w
i,
H
.
I
bda
,
K
.
S
a
i
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n,
M
.
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a
e
ha
qi
,
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ua
mm
a
r
,
a
nd
Z
.
K
ha
q,
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e
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c
h
e
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p
e
r
f
or
ma
nc
e
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o
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a
r
ni
ng
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in
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th
e
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O
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D
-
1
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nde
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c
:
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s
y
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t
e
ma
ti
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li
t
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r
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tu
r
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
on
A
dv
anc
e
d
Sc
ie
nc
e
,
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
and
I
nf
or
m
at
io
n
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
, vo
l.
13, n
o
. 4, pp. 1492
–
1500, 2023, d
o
i:
10.18517
/i
ja
s
e
it
.13.4.18164.
[
39
]
C
.
L
u
e
t
al
.
,
“
Q
ua
li
ty
of
s
y
s
t
e
ma
ti
c
r
e
v
i
e
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s
w
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h
me
ta
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e
r
a
tr
o
l:
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me
th
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o
l
o
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c
a
l
s
y
s
t
e
ma
ti
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
,”
P
hy
to
th
e
r
apy
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
, v
o
l.
38, n
o
. 1, pp. 11
–
21, 2024, d
oi
:
10
.1002/pt
r
.8025.
[
40
]
W
.
Y
a
ng,
“
A
r
ti
f
i
c
ia
l
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nt
e
ll
ig
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n
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e
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du
c
a
ti
o
n
f
or
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oung
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il
dr
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n
:
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h
y
,
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t,
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o
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ur
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i
c
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um
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e
s
ig
n
a
nd
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
o
n,”
C
om
put
e
r
s
and E
duc
at
io
n:
A
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
I
nt
e
ll
ig
e
nc
e
, v
o
l.
3, n
o
. J
a
nua
r
y
, p. 100061, 2022, d
o
i:
10.1016/
j.
c
a
e
a
i.
2022.100061.
[
41
]
B
.
L
.
M
oo
r
h
o
us
e
a
nd
K
.
M
.
W
o
ng,
“
B
le
ndi
ng
a
s
y
n
c
hr
o
n
o
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nd
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te
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o
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e
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nd
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ti
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a
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o
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he
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to
f
a
c
il
it
a
t
e
r
e
m
o
t
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng,”
J
our
nal
of
C
om
put
e
r
s
i
n E
duc
at
io
n
,
vo
l.
9, n
o
. 1, pp. 51
–
70, 2022, d
o
i:
10.1007/s
40692
-
021
-
00195
-
8.
[
42
]
C
.
A
nt
o
ni
e
tt
i,
A
.
C
a
tt
a
ne
o
,
a
nd
F
.
A
m
e
nduni,
“
C
a
n
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
’
di
gi
ta
l
c
ompe
t
e
n
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n
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e
te
c
hn
o
l
o
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y
a
c
c
e
pt
a
nc
e
in
voc
a
ti
o
na
l
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n
?
,”
C
om
put
e
r
s
i
n H
um
an B
e
hav
io
r
, v
o
l.
132, p. 10726
6, 2022, do
i:
10.1016/j
.
c
hb.2022.107266.
[
43
]
K
.
L
a
v
id
a
s
,
Z
.
A
p
o
s
t
o
l
o
u,
a
nd
S
.
P
a
pa
da
ki
s
,
“
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ha
ll
e
nge
s
a
nd
o
pp
o
r
tu
n
it
i
e
s
of
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
in
d
ig
it
a
l
ti
m
e
s
:
pr
e
s
c
h
oo
l
te
a
c
h
e
r
s
’
v
i
e
w
s
,”
E
duc
at
io
n Sc
ie
nc
e
s
, v
o
l.
12, n
o
. 7, 2022, d
o
i
:
10.3390/
e
du
c
s
c
i1
2070459.
[
44
]
E
.
V
.
S
o
b
ol
e
v
a
,
K
.
K
.
Z
huma
kul
ov
,
K
.
P
.
U
mur
kul
ov
,
G
.
I
.
I
br
a
gi
mov
,
L
.
V
.
K
oc
hne
v
a
,
a
nd
M
.
O
.
T
im
of
e
e
v
a
,
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e
ve
l
o
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ng
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pe
r
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o
na
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e
d
l
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a
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ni
ng
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o
d
e
l
ba
s
e
d
o
n
in
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e
r
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c
ti
ve
n
ove
ls
t
o
i
mpr
ove
th
e
qua
li
t
y
of
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n,”
E
ur
as
ia
J
our
n
al
of
M
at
he
m
at
ic
s
, Sc
ie
nc
e
and T
e
c
hnol
og
y
E
duc
at
io
n
, vo
l.
18, n
o
. 2
, pp. 1
–
17, 2022, do
i:
10.29333/
E
J
M
S
T
E
/1
1590.
[
45
]
A
.
K
un
du
,
T
.
B
e
j,
a
n
d
G
.
C
.
M
o
nd
a
l
,
“
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le
me
nt
a
r
y
m
a
t
h
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l
a
s
s
in
f
a
c
e
-
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-
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a
c
e
,
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ul
l
y
o
nl
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e
,
a
n
d
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li
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d mo
de
:
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c
o
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r
a
ti
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e
s
t
udy
o
n
s
t
ude
nt
s
’
a
c
hi
e
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e
me
nt
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nd
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a
ti
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a
c
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io
n,
”
E
-
L
e
a
r
n
in
g
an
d
D
i
gi
ta
l
M
e
d
ia
, v
o
l.
2
0,
no
.
4
,
20
23
,
d
o
i:
10
.1
17
7/
20
42
75
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22
11
09
70
0.
[
46
]
T
.
T
.
W
ij
a
y
a
,
Y
.
Z
h
o
u,
T
.
H
o
ught
o
n,
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.
W
e
in
ha
ndl
,
Z
.
L
a
v
i
c
z
a
,
a
nd
F
.
D
.
Y
us
o
p,
“
F
a
c
t
o
r
s
a
f
f
e
c
ti
ng
th
e
us
e
of
di
g
it
a
l
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
t
e
x
tb
oo
ks
i
n I
nd
o
n
e
s
ia
,”
M
at
he
m
at
ic
s
, vo
l.
10, n
o
.
11, 2022, do
i:
10.3390/m
a
th
10111808.
[
47
]
T
.
H
a
s
umi
a
nd
M
.
S
.
C
hi
u,
“
O
nl
in
e
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
e
duc
a
ti
o
n
a
s
bi
o
-
eco
-
t
e
c
hn
o
pr
oc
e
s
s
:
bi
bl
io
m
e
tr
i
c
a
na
l
y
s
is
us
in
g
c
o
-
a
ut
hor
s
hi
p
a
nd bibl
io
gr
a
phi
c
c
o
upl
in
g,”
Sc
ie
nt
om
e
tr
ic
s
, v
o
l.
127, n
o
. 8, pp
. 4631
–
4654, 2022, do
i:
10.1007/s
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022
-
04441
-
3.
[
48
]
K
.
H
.
Y
a
ng,
H
.
C
.
C
hu,
C
.
C
.
H
s
ie
h,
a
nd
F
.
R
.
K
u
o
,
“
P
r
o
m
o
t
in
g
s
tu
de
nt
s
’
ma
th
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
p
e
r
f
or
ma
nc
e
a
nd
e
nga
ge
m
e
nt
:
a
he
lp
-
s
e
e
ki
ng
me
c
ha
ni
s
m
-
ba
s
e
d
m
o
bi
l
e
ga
mi
ng
a
ppr
o
a
c
h,”
J
our
nal
of
I
nt
e
r
ne
t
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
,
vo
l.
23,
n
o
.
6,
pp.
1173
–
1183,
2022,
do
i:
10.53106/16079264
202
2112306001.
[
49
]
C
.
E
.
H
ugh
e
s
e
t
al
.
,
“
R
A
I
S
E
:
R
o
b
o
ti
c
s
&
A
I
t
o
im
pr
ove
S
T
E
M
a
nd
s
o
c
ia
l
s
ki
ll
s
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o
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l
e
me
n
ta
r
y
s
c
h
oo
l
s
tu
d
e
nt
s
,”
F
r
ont
ie
r
s
in
V
ir
tu
al
R
e
al
it
y
,
vo
l.
3, 2022, d
o
i:
10.3389/
f
r
v
ir
.2022.968312.
[
50
]
S
. R
e
z
a
t,
S
. M
a
li
k, a
nd M
. L
e
i
f
e
ld
, “
S
c
a
f
f
ol
di
ng
c
l
o
s
e
r
e
a
di
ng
of
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
a
l
t
e
x
t
in
pr
e
-
s
e
r
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i
c
e
pr
im
a
r
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te
a
c
h
e
r
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n a
t
th
e
te
r
ti
a
r
y
l
e
ve
l:
d
e
s
ig
n
a
nd
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
Sc
ie
nc
e
and
M
at
he
m
at
ic
s
E
duc
at
io
n
,
vo
l.
20,
pp.
215
–
236,
2
022,
do
i:
10.1007/s
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022
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10309
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y.
[
51
]
Y
.
S
.
S
u,
H
.
W
.
C
he
ng,
a
nd
C
.
F
.
L
a
i,
“
S
tu
d
y
of
v
ir
tu
a
l
r
e
a
li
t
y
im
me
r
s
iv
e
te
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
e
nha
n
c
e
d
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
ge
o
m
e
tr
y
l
e
a
r
ni
ng,”
F
r
ont
ie
r
s
i
n
P
s
y
c
hol
ogy
, vo
l.
13, 2022, d
o
i:
10.3389/
f
ps
y
g.202
2.760418.
[
52
]
F
.
R
.
V
ic
e
nt
in
,
M
.
M
.
P
a
s
s
o
s
,
a
nd
S
.
d
e
M
e
ll
o
A
r
r
uda
,
“
T
e
a
c
he
r
a
c
ti
o
n
a
nd
s
tu
de
nt
a
c
ti
o
n
in
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
c
la
s
s
e
s
ba
s
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d
o
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th
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x
pl
o
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a
ti
o
n
of
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
o
b
je
c
ts
o
n
di
gi
ta
l
b
o
a
r
d:
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
is
a
ti
ons
a
nd
c
o
nne
c
ti
o
ns
,”
A
c
ta
Sc
ie
nt
ia
e
,
v
o
l.
24,
n
o
.
5,
pp.
328
–
352,
2022, do
i:
10.17648/a
c
ta
.s
c
i
e
nt
ia
e
.6907.
[
53
]
L
.
S
ha
r
a
f
e
e
v
a
,
“
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
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te
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c
hi
ng
s
ta
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o
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ti
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le
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c
hn
o
l
o
gi
e
s
in
te
a
c
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ng
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
E
duc
at
io
n i
n M
at
he
m
at
ic
s
, S
c
ie
nc
e
and T
e
c
hnol
og
y
,
vo
l.
10, n
o
. 3, pp. 604
–
617, 2022, d
o
i:
10.46328/
ij
e
ms
t.
2364.
[
54
]
C
.
K
.
L
o
,
“
W
ha
t
is
th
e
im
pa
c
t
of
C
ha
tGP
T
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r
a
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r
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v
i
e
w
of
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li
t
e
r
a
tu
r
e
,”
E
duc
at
io
n
Sc
ie
nc
e
s
,
vo
l.
13,
n
o.
4,
2023, do
i:
10.3390/
e
du
c
s
c
i1
3040410.
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1709
[
55
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M
.
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.
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g
e
s
a
nd
c
ha
ll
e
ng
e
s
of
us
in
g
di
gi
ta
l
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
gi
e
s
in
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
l
li
ng
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n
–
a
d
e
s
c
r
ip
ti
ve
s
y
s
t
e
ma
ti
c
l
it
e
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
,”
F
r
ont
ie
r
s
i
n E
duc
at
io
n
, vo
l.
8, 2023, d
o
i:
10.3389/
f
e
du
c
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[
56
]
A
.
R
.
V
a
r
ga
s
-
M
ur
il
lo
,
I
.
N
.
M
.
de
la
A
s
unc
io
n
P
a
r
i
-
B
e
d
oy
a
,
a
nd
F
.
de
J
e
s
ús
G
ue
v
a
r
a
-
S
o
t
o
,
“
C
ha
ll
e
ng
e
s
a
nd
o
ppor
tu
ni
ti
e
s
of
A
I
-
a
s
s
is
te
d
le
a
r
ni
ng:
a
s
y
s
t
e
ma
ti
c
li
t
e
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
v
ie
w
o
n
th
e
im
pa
c
t
of
C
ha
t
G
P
T
us
a
ge
in
hi
ghe
r
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
n
al
of
L
e
ar
ni
ng, T
e
ac
hi
ng and E
duc
at
io
nal
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
, v
o
l.
22, n
o
. 7, p
p. 122
–
135, 2023, do
i:
10.26803
/i
jl
t
e
r
.22.7.7.
[
57
]
P
.
P
.
R
a
y
,
“
C
ha
t
G
P
T
:
A
c
ompr
e
he
ns
i
ve
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
ba
c
kgr
o
un
d,
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
o
ns
,
ke
y
c
ha
ll
e
ng
e
s
,
bi
a
s
,
e
th
i
c
s
,
li
mi
ta
ti
o
ns
a
nd
f
u
tu
r
e
s
c
o
p
e
,”
I
nt
e
r
ne
t
of
T
hi
ngs
and C
y
be
r
-
P
hy
s
ic
al
Sy
s
te
m
s
, v
o
l.
3,
pp. 121
–
154, 2023, do
i:
10.1016/j
.
i
o
tc
ps
.2023.
04.003.
[
58
]
Y
.
W
a
r
da
t,
M
.
A
.
T
a
s
ht
o
us
h,
R
.
A
lAl
i,
a
nd
A
.
M
.
J
a
r
r
a
h,
“
C
ha
tG
P
T
:
A
r
e
vo
lu
ti
o
na
r
y
t
oo
l
f
or
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
a
nd
l
e
a
r
n
in
g
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
,”
E
ur
as
ia
J
our
nal
o
f
M
at
he
m
at
ic
s
,
Sc
ie
nc
e
and
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
E
duc
at
io
n
,
vo
l.
19,
n
o
.
7,
2023,
do
i:
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jm
s
t
e
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3272.
[
59
]
F
.
V
il
la
n
a
nd
R
.
P
.
do
s
S
a
nt
o
s
,
“
C
h
a
tG
P
T
a
s
C
o
-
A
dv
is
o
r
in
s
c
i
e
nt
i
f
i
c
in
it
ia
ti
o
n:
A
c
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
w
it
h
pr
o
j
e
c
t
-
ba
s
e
d
le
a
r
ni
n
g
in
e
l
e
me
n
ta
r
y
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n,”
A
c
ta
Sc
ie
nt
ia
e
,
vo
l.
25, n
o
. 6, pp. 60
–
11
7, 2023, do
i:
10.17648/a
c
ta
.s
c
i
e
nt
ia
e
.7474.
[
60
]
L
.
M
.
S
á
n
c
he
z
-
R
ui
z
,
S
.
M
ol
l
-
L
óp
e
z
,
A
.
N
uñe
z
-
P
é
r
e
z
,
J
.
A
.
M
o
r
a
ñ
o
-
F
e
r
ná
nd
e
z
,
a
nd
E
.
V
e
ga
-
F
l
e
it
a
s
,
“
C
ha
tG
P
T
c
ha
ll
e
n
ge
s
bl
e
nd
e
d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
m
e
th
o
d
o
l
o
gi
e
s
in
e
ng
in
e
e
r
in
g
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n:
A
c
a
s
e
s
tu
d
y
in
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
,”
A
ppl
ie
d
Sc
ie
nc
e
s
(
Sw
it
z
e
r
la
nd)
,
vol
.
13,
no
. 10, 2023
, d
o
i:
10.3390/app131060
39.
[
61
]
R
.
P
.
D
ha
ni
a
w
a
t
y
,
S
.
S
upa
tm
i,
a
nd
M
.
F
i
tr
ia
w
a
ti
,
“
D
e
s
ig
ni
ng
i
nt
e
r
a
c
ti
ve
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
e
du
c
a
ti
o
na
l
ga
m
e
s
us
in
g
th
e
di
gi
ta
l
ga
me
-
ba
s
e
d
le
a
r
ni
ng
-
in
s
tr
uc
ti
o
na
l
d
e
s
ig
n
(
D
G
B
L
-
I
D
)
M
e
th
o
d,”
J
ou
r
nal
of
A
dv
anc
e
d
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
in
A
ppl
ie
d
Sc
i
e
nc
e
s
and
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
, vo
l.
32, n
o
. 2, pp. 433
–
438, 2023, d
o
i:
10.37934/ar
a
s
e
t.
32.2.433438.
[
62
]
M
.
P
r
a
da
na
,
H
.
P
.
E
li
s
a
,
a
nd
S
.
S
y
a
r
i
f
uddi
n,
“
D
is
c
us
s
in
g
C
ha
tG
P
T
in
e
duc
a
ti
o
n:
A
li
t
e
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
a
nd
bi
bl
i
o
m
e
tr
i
c
a
na
l
y
s
is
,
”
C
oge
nt
E
duc
at
io
n
, vo
l
. 10, n
o
. 2, 2023, d
o
i:
10.1080/2331186X
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[
63
]
A
.
K
u
z
le
,
“
E
le
me
nt
a
r
y
s
c
h
oo
l
c
hi
ld
r
e
n’
s
p
e
r
c
e
p
ti
o
ns
of
ge
o
m
e
tr
y
c
la
s
s
r
oo
m
a
s
a
ps
y
c
h
o
s
o
c
ia
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
e
n
v
i
r
o
nme
n
t:
a
n
a
na
ly
s
is
of
pa
r
ti
c
ip
a
nt
-
pr
o
du
c
e
d dr
a
w
in
gs
,”
L
e
ar
ni
ng E
nv
ir
onm
e
nt
s
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
, v
o
l
. 26, n
o
. 2, 2023, d
o
i:
10.1007
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10984
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022
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0.
[
64
]
N
.
R
a
ne
,
“
E
nha
nc
in
g
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
a
l
c
a
pa
bi
li
ti
e
s
th
r
o
ugh
C
ha
tG
P
T
a
nd
s
im
il
a
r
ge
ne
r
a
ti
ve
a
r
ti
f
i
c
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
:
r
o
l
e
s
a
nd
c
ha
ll
e
ng
e
s
i
n s
ol
v
in
g ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
a
l
pr
o
b
le
ms
,”
SSR
N
E
le
c
tr
oni
c
J
our
nal
, 2023, do
i:
10.2139/s
s
r
n.4603237.
[6
5
]
M
.
F
ir
a
t,
“
W
ha
t
C
ha
tG
P
T
m
e
a
ns
f
o
r
uni
ve
r
s
it
i
e
s
:
P
e
r
c
e
pt
i
ons
of
s
c
h
o
la
r
s
a
nd
s
tu
de
nt
s
,”
J
our
nal
of
A
ppl
ie
d
L
e
ar
ni
ng
and
T
e
ac
hi
ng
, vo
l.
6, n
o
. 1, pp. 57
–
63, 2023, d
o
i:
10.37074/j
a
lt
.202
3.6.1.22.
[
66
]
Y
.
L
ia
ng,
D
.
Z
o
u,
H
.
X
i
e
,
a
n
d
F
.
L
.
W
a
ng,
“
E
x
pl
or
in
g
th
e
p
o
t
e
nt
ia
l
of
us
in
g
C
ha
tG
P
T
in
ph
y
s
i
c
s
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n,”
Sm
ar
t
L
e
ar
ni
ng
E
nv
ir
onm
e
nt
s
, v
o
l.
10, n
o
. 1, 2023, d
o
i
:
10.1186/s
40561
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023
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0
0273
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7.
[
67
]
V
.
R
a
tt
e
n
a
nd
P
.
J
o
n
e
s
,
“
G
e
n
e
r
a
ti
ve
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
t
e
ll
ig
e
nc
e
(
C
ha
tG
P
T
)
:
I
mpl
i
c
a
ti
o
ns
f
o
r
ma
na
g
e
me
n
t
e
duc
a
t
o
r
s
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
M
anage
m
e
nt
E
duc
at
io
n
, vo
l.
21, n
o
. 3, 2023, d
o
i:
10
.1016/j
.i
jm
e
.2023.100857.
[6
8
]
M
. M
o
nt
e
n
e
gr
o
-
R
ue
da
, J
. F
e
r
ná
nd
e
z
-
C
e
r
e
r
o
, J
. M
. F
e
r
ná
nde
z
-
B
a
ta
ne
r
o
,
a
nd E
.
L
ópe
z
-
M
e
n
e
s
e
s
, “
I
mpa
c
t
of
t
h
e
im
pl
e
me
n
ta
ti
o
n
of
C
ha
tG
P
T
i
n
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n:
A
s
y
s
t
e
ma
ti
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
,”
C
om
put
e
r
s
, v
o
l.
12, no
. 8, 2023, d
o
i:
10.3390/
c
o
mput
e
r
s
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[
69
]
Y
.
K
.
O
w
-
Y
e
o
ng,
I
.
H
.
Y
e
te
r
,
a
nd
F
.
A
li
,
“
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
da
ta
s
c
i
e
nc
e
in
e
l
e
m
e
nt
a
r
y
s
c
h
oo
l
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
:
a
c
ompa
r
a
ti
v
e
c
ur
r
i
c
ul
um
a
na
l
y
s
is
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
o
f
ST
E
M
E
duc
at
io
n
,
vo
l.
10, n
o
. 1, 2023, d
o
i:
10.1186/s
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9.
[
70
]
L
.
D
a
r
r
a
gh
a
nd
N
.
F
r
a
nke
,
“
O
nl
in
e
ma
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
pr
o
gr
a
ms
a
nd
th
e
f
ig
ur
e
d
w
o
r
ld
of
pr
im
a
r
y
s
c
h
oo
l
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
in
th
e
di
g
it
a
l
e
r
a
,”
M
at
he
m
at
ic
s
E
duc
at
io
n R
e
s
e
ar
c
h J
our
nal
, v
o
l.
35, n
o
. 1,
pp. 33
–
53, 2023, do
i:
10.1007/s
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021
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9.
[
71
]
R
.
G
ove
nd
e
r
,
“
T
h
e
im
pa
c
t
of
a
r
ti
f
i
c
ia
l
in
t
e
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
a
nd
t
he
f
ut
ur
e
of
C
ha
t
G
P
T
f
or
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
te
a
c
hi
ng
a
nd
le
a
r
ni
ng
in
s
c
h
oo
ls
a
nd highe
r
e
duc
a
ti
o
n,”
P
y
th
agor
as
,
vo
l.
44, n
o
. 1, 2023, d
o
i:
10
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Y
T
H
A
G
O
R
A
S
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44I
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[
72
]
R
.
R
a
c
hma
dt
ul
la
h,
B
.
S
e
ti
a
w
a
n,
A
.
J
.
A
.
W
a
s
e
s
a
,
J
.
W
.
W
ic
a
ks
o
n
o
,
a
nd
R
a
s
mi
ta
di
la
,
“
T
he
ut
il
i
z
a
ti
o
n
of
m
e
ta
v
e
r
s
e
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
o
ns
ba
s
e
d
o
n
s
c
i
e
nc
e
,
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
,
e
ngi
ne
e
r
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g
a
nd
ma
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
(
M
e
ta
-
S
T
E
M
)
t
o
i
mpr
ove
c
r
it
i
c
a
l
th
in
ki
ng
s
ki
l
ls
,”
J
our
nal
of
E
duc
at
io
n and e
-
L
e
ar
ni
ng R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
, v
o
l.
10, n
o
. 4,
pp. 778
–
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e
e
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10
i4
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Y
.
W
a
r
da
t,
M
.
A
.
T
a
s
ht
o
us
h,
R
.
A
lAl
i,
a
nd
S
.
S
a
le
h,
“
A
r
ti
f
i
c
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
in
e
du
c
a
ti
o
n:
M
a
th
e
ma
ti
c
s
T
e
a
c
he
r
s
’
pe
r
s
p
e
c
t
i
ve
s
,
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
s
a
nd
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
,”
I
r
aqi
J
our
nal
f
o
r
C
om
put
e
r
S
c
i
e
nc
e
and
M
at
he
m
at
ic
s
,
v
o
l.
5,
no
.
1,
pp.
60
–
77,
2024,
d
o
i:
10.52866/i
jc
s
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. 8, 2023, d
o
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.2023.1295413.
[
76
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/1
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[
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24289.
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