I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
pu
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
,
p
p
.
1
7
87
~
1
7
97
I
SS
N:
2
502
-
4
7
52
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijee
cs
.v
3
6
.
i
3
.
pp
1
7
87
-
1
7
97
1787
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ee
cs
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Artif
i
cia
l int
e
llig
ence de
tect
io
n
of r
efractive ey
e
dise
a
ses
using
cert
a
inty
factor a
nd ima
g
e process
i
ng
Riza
l R
a
chm
a
n
1
,
Sa
ri
Su
s
a
n
t
i
1
,
H
endi Su
he
nd
i
2
,
Ad
i K
a
ra
wina
t
a
Sa
t
y
a
neg
a
ra
2
1
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
S
y
s
t
e
ms
,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
A
d
h
i
r
a
j
a
sa
R
e
sw
a
r
a
S
a
n
j
a
y
a
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
(
A
R
S
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
)
,
B
a
n
d
u
n
g
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
2
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
c
s
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
A
d
h
i
r
a
j
a
s
a
R
e
sw
a
r
a
S
a
n
j
a
y
a
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
(
A
R
S
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
)
,
B
a
n
d
u
n
g
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
n
28
,
2
0
2
4
R
ev
is
ed
Au
g
6
,
2
0
2
4
Acc
ep
ted
A
ug
11
,
2
0
2
4
Re
fra
c
ti
v
e
e
rro
rs
a
re
d
e
fin
e
d
a
s
a
n
im
p
a
irme
n
t
i
n
th
e
e
y
e
’
s
c
a
p
a
c
it
y
t
o
fo
c
u
s
li
g
h
t
,
re
su
lt
in
g
in
th
e
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
o
f
b
l
u
rre
d
o
r
u
n
fo
c
u
se
d
ima
g
e
s.
T
h
e
se
issu
e
s
a
rise
fro
m
a
lt
e
ra
ti
o
n
s
in
t
h
e
sh
a
p
e
o
f
th
e
c
o
r
n
e
a
,
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
t
h
e
e
y
e
b
a
ll
,
o
r
th
e
a
g
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
c
ry
sta
ll
in
e
le
n
s.
I
t
is
a
n
ti
c
ip
a
te
d
th
a
t
th
e
p
re
v
a
len
c
e
o
f
v
is
u
a
l
imp
a
irme
n
t
will
in
c
re
a
se
in
c
o
n
j
u
n
c
ti
o
n
wi
th
g
l
o
b
a
l
p
o
p
u
latio
n
g
ro
wth
.
At
p
re
se
n
t,
a
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
t
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
h
a
v
e
n
o
t
y
e
t
a
c
c
o
rd
e
d
su
fficie
n
t
p
rio
ri
ty
to
e
y
e
h
e
a
lt
h
with
i
n
th
e
i
r
h
e
a
lt
h
c
a
re
sy
ste
m
s.
Th
is
h
a
s
r
e
su
lt
e
d
i
n
in
su
fficie
n
t
a
wa
re
n
e
ss
a
n
d
re
lu
c
t
a
n
c
e
to
se
e
k
c
o
stly
sp
e
c
ialize
d
c
a
re
.
Th
is
stu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
se
s
th
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
n
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
re
fra
c
ti
v
e
e
y
e
d
ise
a
se
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
with
th
e
o
b
je
c
ti
v
e
o
f
imp
ro
v
in
g
d
iag
n
o
stic
a
c
c
u
ra
c
y
,
d
isse
m
in
a
ti
n
g
d
ise
a
se
in
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
,
a
n
d
re
d
u
c
i
n
g
f
in
a
n
c
ial
b
a
rri
e
rs
to
sp
e
c
ialist
c
o
n
su
lt
a
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
re
se
a
rc
h
e
m
p
lo
y
s
c
e
rtain
ty
fa
c
to
r
(CF
)
m
e
th
o
d
s
a
n
d
ima
g
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
wit
h
fe
a
tu
r
e
e
x
trac
ti
o
n
.
Th
e
i
n
it
ial
re
su
lt
s
d
e
m
o
n
stra
te
th
e
p
o
ten
t
ial
f
o
r
i
d
e
n
ti
f
y
in
g
s
p
e
c
ifi
c
re
fra
c
ti
v
e
e
y
e
d
ise
a
se
s
with
h
ig
h
c
e
rtain
ty
t
h
ro
u
g
h
th
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
sy
m
p
to
m
s
a
n
d
th
e
e
x
a
m
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
p
h
o
to
g
ra
p
h
s
o
f
th
e
e
y
e
.
Th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
p
ro
v
id
e
s
a
n
a
lt
e
rn
a
ti
v
e
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
d
iag
n
o
sin
g
re
fra
c
ti
v
e
e
y
e
d
ise
a
se
s,
wh
ich
c
o
u
ld
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
re
fra
c
ti
v
e
e
y
e
c
a
re
se
rv
ice
s a
n
d
re
d
u
c
e
th
e
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic b
u
rd
e
n
o
n
p
a
ti
e
n
ts.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
C
er
tain
ty
f
ac
to
r
Dis
ea
s
e
d
etec
tio
n
E
y
e
r
ef
r
ac
tio
n
I
m
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
R
izal
R
ac
h
m
an
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
Sy
s
tem
s
,
Facu
lty
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Ad
h
ir
ajasa
R
eswar
a
San
jay
a
Un
iv
er
s
ity
(
AR
S Un
iv
er
s
ity
)
4
0
2
9
1
B
an
d
u
n
g
,
W
est J
av
a,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail:
r
izalr
ac
h
m
an
@
ar
s
.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
R
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
er
r
o
r
is
a
co
n
d
itio
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
an
in
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
ey
e
to
f
o
cu
s
lig
h
t
en
ter
i
n
g
th
e
ey
e,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
an
in
d
is
tin
ct
o
r
b
l
u
r
r
ed
s
h
a
d
o
w
o
f
an
o
b
ject.
T
h
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
th
e
co
r
n
ea
an
d
t
h
e
len
s
o
f
th
e
ey
e
m
ay
b
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
an
a
b
n
o
r
m
ally
s
h
o
r
t
o
r
lo
n
g
ey
eb
all,
r
esp
ec
ti
v
ely
,
d
u
e
to
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
a
g
e
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
W
o
r
ld
Hea
lth
Or
g
an
izatio
n
(
W
HO)
h
as
s
tated
th
at
as
m
an
y
as
2
5
3
m
illi
o
n
p
eo
p
le
wo
r
ld
wid
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
v
is
u
al
im
p
air
m
en
t,
3
6
m
illi
o
n
o
f
wh
o
m
ar
e
b
lin
d
a
n
d
2
1
7
m
illi
o
n
o
f
wh
o
m
h
a
v
e
m
o
d
e
r
ate
to
s
ev
er
e
v
is
u
al
im
p
air
m
en
t.
T
h
is
f
ig
u
r
e
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
th
at
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
e
r
r
o
r
s
ar
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
is
s
u
e
in
o
u
r
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
e
wo
r
ld
r
ep
o
r
t
o
n
v
is
io
n
h
as
in
d
icate
d
th
at
2
.
2
b
illi
o
n
in
d
iv
i
d
u
als
wo
r
ld
wid
e
ar
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
v
is
u
al
im
p
air
m
en
t,
with
o
v
e
r
1
b
illi
o
n
o
f
th
ese
ca
s
es
p
o
ten
tially
av
o
id
ab
le
o
r
cu
r
ab
le
.
It
is
p
r
ed
icted
th
at
v
is
u
al
im
p
air
m
en
t
will
c
o
n
tin
u
e
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
lin
e
with
th
e
g
r
o
wt
h
o
f
th
e
ag
ein
g
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
T
h
o
s
e
in
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ies
ar
e
m
o
s
t
lik
ely
t
o
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
v
is
u
al
im
p
ai
r
m
en
t,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
r
ed
u
c
ed
q
u
ality
o
f
life
.
C
u
r
r
en
tly
,
m
o
s
t
co
u
n
tr
ies
h
a
v
e
n
o
t
estab
lis
h
ed
ey
e
h
ea
lth
a
s
a
h
allm
ar
k
o
f
th
ei
r
n
atio
n
al
h
ea
lth
s
y
s
tem
s
o
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
7
87
-
1
7
97
1788
p
o
licies
[
2
]
.
I
t
is
wid
ely
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
ed
th
at
th
e
p
r
e
v
alen
ce
o
f
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
er
r
o
r
s
in
th
e
h
u
m
an
p
o
p
u
latio
n
is
s
h
ap
ed
b
y
a
co
m
p
lex
in
ter
p
lay
o
f
b
io
lo
g
ical,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
an
d
b
eh
a
v
io
u
r
al
f
ac
t
o
r
s
[
3
]
.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
I
n
d
o
n
esian
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
ev
alen
t
r
e
f
r
ac
tiv
e
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
ar
e
m
y
o
p
ia,
h
y
p
er
o
p
i
a,
asti
g
m
atis
m
,
an
d
p
r
esb
y
o
p
ia
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
Am
e
r
ican
Aca
d
em
y
o
f
Ped
iatr
ics
ass
er
ts
th
at
7
5
%
o
f
th
e
lear
n
in
g
s
tag
es
in
ea
r
ly
h
u
m
an
life
d
ep
en
d
o
n
v
is
io
n
[
5
]
.
Un
co
r
r
ec
ted
r
e
f
r
ac
tiv
e
er
r
o
r
s
h
a
v
e
a
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
a
n
d
s
o
cial
asp
ec
ts
o
f
an
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
Failu
r
e
to
tr
ea
t
th
is
d
is
o
r
d
er
p
r
o
m
p
tly
an
d
ef
f
ec
ti
v
ely
ca
n
r
esu
lt
in
a
m
o
r
e
s
ev
er
e
s
itu
atio
n
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tate
o
f
a
f
f
air
s
is
th
at
th
e
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
u
s
ed
f
o
r
ey
e
ex
a
m
in
atio
n
s
is
ty
p
ically
o
n
ly
av
ailab
le
at
clin
ics
o
r
f
r
o
m
e
y
e
s
p
ec
ialis
ts
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
g
en
er
al
p
u
b
lic
r
a
r
ely
h
as
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
to
h
av
e
th
eir
ey
es
ex
am
in
e
d
at
s
u
ch
f
ac
ilit
ies
f
o
r
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ea
s
o
n
s
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
tim
e
co
m
m
itm
en
t
an
d
f
in
an
cial
co
s
ts
in
v
o
l
v
ed
[
7
]
.
I
t
is
th
er
ef
o
r
e
ev
id
e
n
t
th
at
ar
ti
f
icial
in
tellig
en
ce
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
d
etec
t
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
ey
e
d
is
ea
s
e
[
8
]
.
An
in
tellig
en
t
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
ed
to
em
u
late
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
an
ex
p
er
t,
b
ase
d
on
in
p
u
t
s
tatem
en
ts
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
[
9
]
.
T
h
is
in
tell
ig
en
t
s
y
s
tem
will
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
g
en
er
al
p
u
b
lic
in
ea
r
ly
d
etec
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
th
ey
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
[
1
0
]
.
An
ex
p
e
r
t,
esp
ec
ially
a
d
o
cto
r
,
is
g
r
ea
tly
ass
is
ted
b
y
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
is
in
tellig
en
t s
y
s
tem
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
g
iv
en
th
e
h
ig
h
wo
r
k
lo
a
d
an
d
th
e
v
ar
iety
o
f
d
is
ea
s
es th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
etec
ted
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
c
e
in
th
e
m
ed
ical
f
ield
h
as
y
ield
ed
en
co
u
r
ag
i
n
g
o
u
tco
m
es
in
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
cr
u
cial
task
s
.
T
h
e
g
r
o
wt
h
o
f
ar
tific
ial
in
te
llig
en
ce
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
its
ex
ce
p
tio
n
al
ca
p
ac
ity
to
ex
tr
ac
t
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
u
n
id
en
tifie
d
p
atter
n
s
f
r
o
m
v
ast
d
ata
s
ets.
T
h
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
attain
in
g
co
m
m
e
n
d
ab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
ev
e
n
ex
ce
e
d
in
g
t
h
at
o
f
h
u
m
an
ju
d
g
es
an
d
m
ed
ical
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
in
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
task
s
[
1
2
]
.
Op
h
th
alm
o
l
o
g
is
ts
ca
n
u
tili
ze
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
to
r
ev
iew
p
atien
t
im
ag
es
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
e
m
o
te
co
n
s
u
ltatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
o
f
ass
is
tan
ce
to
h
ea
l
th
ca
r
e
ce
n
tr
es
i
n
th
e
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
ex
p
ed
ien
t
tr
ea
tm
en
t
f
o
r
p
atien
ts
d
ee
m
e
d
to
b
e
at
h
ig
h
r
is
k
.
Ar
tific
ial
i
n
tellig
en
ce
ca
n
as
s
ess
p
atien
t
d
ata
ty
p
es,
m
ed
ical
h
is
to
r
y
,
g
en
etic
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
,
an
d
m
ed
ical
im
ag
in
g
,
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
cu
s
to
m
ize
d
tr
ea
tm
en
t
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
[
1
3
]
.
W
h
ile
ce
r
tain
ty
f
ac
to
r
(
C
F)
is
a
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
y
m
p
to
m
d
ata
with
r
u
les,
v
alu
es
an
d
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
h
ig
h
est
d
ata
v
alu
e,
it
is
n
o
t
with
o
u
t
lim
itatio
n
s
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
d
icin
e,
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
p
h
o
to
in
p
u
t,
o
p
tical
c
o
h
er
en
ce
to
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
(
OC
T
)
s
ca
n
s
,
v
is
u
al
m
ap
s
,
r
ad
io
lo
g
y
r
ep
o
r
ts
,
im
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
with
f
ea
tu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
b
etter
v
alu
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
test
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
ca
n
b
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
as
a
m
ea
n
s
o
f
d
iag
n
o
s
in
g
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
d
is
ea
s
e
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
e
v
alen
ce
o
f
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
e
r
r
o
r
s
is
in
f
lu
en
c
ed
b
y
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
f
ac
to
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
co
m
m
u
n
ity
-
b
ased
ac
tiv
ities
.
I
t is p
o
s
s
ib
le
f
o
r
in
d
iv
i
d
u
als to
s
av
e
th
eir
co
n
s
u
ltatio
n
d
ata
as a
g
u
id
e
f
o
r
th
e
n
e
x
t
co
n
s
u
ltatio
n
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
is
well
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
CF
m
eth
o
d
in
g
en
er
atin
g
class
if
icatio
n
p
atter
n
r
u
les.
T
h
e
CF
f
ir
m
ly
g
iv
es
ce
r
tain
ty
t
o
ea
ch
class
if
icatio
n
in
d
icato
r
u
s
ed
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
r
esear
ch
o
n
ey
e
r
ef
r
ac
tio
n
d
is
e
ase
d
etec
tio
n
u
s
in
g
CF
an
d
im
a
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
with
f
ea
tu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
will
d
ev
el
o
p
f
r
o
m
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
,
b
y
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
f
u
r
th
e
r
an
aly
s
is
b
ased
o
n
d
ata
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
m
et
h
o
d
s
u
s
ed
.
I
n
lig
h
t o
f
th
e
a
f
o
r
em
e
n
tio
n
ed
r
esear
ch
g
a
p
,
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
ar
tific
ial
i
n
tellig
en
ce
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
d
etec
tin
g
r
e
f
r
ac
tiv
e
ey
e
d
is
ea
s
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
CF
an
d
im
a
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
with
f
ea
tu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
e
in
itial
p
h
ase
o
f
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
will
en
tail
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
in
ter
v
iews
with
e
x
p
er
ts
an
d
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
at
ey
e
clin
ics.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
p
r
im
a
r
y
d
ata
will
b
e
co
llected
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
an
d
liter
atu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies.
On
ce
th
is
d
ata
h
as
b
ee
n
g
ath
er
ed
,
it
will
b
e
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
m
an
ag
ed
a
n
d
an
aly
z
ed
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
will
b
e
ev
alu
ated
to
ascer
tain
its
ef
f
icac
y
in
d
etec
tin
g
ey
e
r
ef
r
ac
tio
n
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
th
ese
tech
n
iq
u
es will b
e
ass
ess
ed
an
d
v
alid
ated
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
th
e
CF
m
eth
o
d
an
d
im
a
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
with
f
ea
tu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
wer
e
s
elec
ted
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
ca
p
ac
ity
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
an
aly
s
e
s
y
m
p
to
m
d
ata,
v
al
u
e
d
ata
an
d
im
ag
e
d
ata.
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
clu
d
e
th
o
s
e
wh
ic
h
h
av
e
s
u
c
ce
s
s
f
u
lly
d
iag
n
o
s
ed
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
CF
m
eth
o
d
,
with
a
d
ec
is
io
n
v
alu
e
o
f
9
7
.
6
%
[
2
0
]
an
d
an
a
v
er
ag
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
8
8
%
[
2
1
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
it
h
as
b
ee
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
9
0
%
ac
cu
r
ac
y
i
n
d
iag
n
o
s
in
g
g
lau
co
m
a,
r
etin
al
im
ag
e
o
b
je
cts
ex
h
ib
it
d
is
ce
r
n
ib
le
p
atte
r
n
s
[
2
2
]
,
a
n
d
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
h
as
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
a
n
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
[
2
3
]
,
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
o
f
r
etin
al
im
ag
es
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
to
b
e
a
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
ar
ea
o
f
r
esear
ch
[
2
4
]
-
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
ac
h
iev
e
d
a
v
alid
a
tio
n
s
et
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
0
.
9
0
,
in
d
icatin
g
a
h
ig
h
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
g
e
n
er
alis
atio
n
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
clea
r
n
ee
d
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
m
o
d
el
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
with
r
e
s
p
ec
t
to
ey
e
o
b
jects,
as
ev
id
en
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
[
2
8
]
,
[
2
9
]
.
I
m
a
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
with
f
ea
tu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
h
a
s
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
h
i
g
h
ac
cu
r
ac
y
wh
e
n
c
o
m
b
i
n
e
d
w
i
t
h
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
e
l
ec
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
,
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
ti
n
g
a
s
t
r
o
n
g
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
c
a
p
t
u
r
e
i
n
t
r
i
n
s
i
c
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
[
3
0
]
,
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
h
is
to
g
r
am
o
f
o
r
ie
n
ted
g
r
a
d
ien
ts
(
HOG)
is
a
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
em
p
lo
y
ed
f
ea
t
u
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
v
is
io
n
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
f
o
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
o
b
ject
d
etec
tio
n
i
n
im
ag
es.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
al
f
u
n
ctio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
A
r
tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
d
etec
tio
n
o
f refr
a
ctive
ey
e
d
is
ea
s
es u
s
i
n
g
ce
r
ta
in
ty
…
(
R
iz
a
l R
a
c
h
ma
n
)
1789
o
f
HOG
is
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
ed
g
e
p
atter
n
an
d
lo
ca
l g
r
ad
ien
t o
r
i
en
tatio
n
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
th
e
im
ag
e,
wh
ich
is
h
ig
h
ly
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
r
ec
o
g
n
is
in
g
th
e
s
h
ap
e
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
o
b
jects
[
3
2
]
.
T
h
e
h
u
in
v
ar
ian
t
m
o
m
e
n
t
(
HI
M)
alg
o
r
ith
m
p
lay
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
r
o
le
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
im
ag
e
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
d
u
e
to
its
ca
p
ac
ity
to
e
x
tr
ac
t
f
ea
t
u
r
es
th
at
ar
e
in
v
ar
ian
t
to
g
eo
m
etr
ic
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
tr
an
s
la
tio
n
,
r
o
tatio
n
,
a
n
d
s
ca
le.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
em
p
lo
y
s
s
ev
en
in
v
a
r
ian
t m
o
m
en
ts
,
ca
lcu
lated
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
te
n
s
ity
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
ix
els in
th
e
im
ag
e,
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
d
is
tin
ctiv
e
an
d
s
tab
le
r
ep
r
es
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
h
a
p
e
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
o
b
jects
with
in
th
e
im
ag
e.
T
h
e
in
v
a
r
ian
t
n
atu
r
e
o
f
Hu
m
o
m
e
n
ts
r
en
d
e
r
s
it
h
ig
h
ly
e
f
f
icien
t
a
n
d
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
in
ter
m
s
o
f
ca
lcu
latio
n
[
3
3
]
.
Har
alick
f
ea
tu
r
es
ar
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
th
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
o
f
tex
tu
r
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
im
ag
es,
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
s
p
atial
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
p
ix
els
.
T
h
ese
f
ea
tu
r
es
ar
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
a
g
r
ey
-
le
v
el
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
m
atr
ix
(
GL
C
M)
.
B
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
asp
ec
ts
o
f
tex
tu
r
e
,
s
u
ch
as
co
n
tr
ast,
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
,
en
er
g
y
,
an
d
en
tr
o
p
y
,
Har
alick
f
ea
tu
r
es
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
atter
n
an
d
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
te
x
tu
r
e
in
an
im
a
g
e.
T
h
ese
f
ea
tu
r
es
ar
e
v
alu
ab
le
as
th
ey
ca
n
ca
p
tu
r
e
s
u
b
tle
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
r
etin
al
te
x
tu
r
e
th
at
m
ay
in
d
icate
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
d
is
ea
s
e
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
,
s
u
ch
as
h
ar
d
ex
u
d
ates
a
n
d
v
ascu
lar
ch
an
g
es.
T
h
is
allo
ws
f
o
r
th
e
ea
r
ly
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
m
o
r
e
a
cc
u
r
ate
d
i
ag
n
o
s
is
o
f
s
u
ch
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
[
3
4
]
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
em
p
lo
y
s
an
o
p
h
th
alm
o
lo
g
is
t
in
ter
v
iew
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
m
et
h
o
d
,
alo
n
g
with
th
e
CF
m
eth
o
d
a
n
d
im
a
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
with
f
ea
tu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
to
o
ls
u
s
ed
ar
e
G
o
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
,
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
E
x
ce
l,
R
ap
id
Min
e
r
,
an
d
th
e
Py
th
o
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
la
n
g
u
ag
e.
I
n
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
r
esear
ch
,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
d
e
f
in
e
clea
r
s
tag
es
th
at
will
b
e
ap
p
lied
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
ll
o
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
will
ex
p
lain
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
,
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
r
esear
ch
,
an
d
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
th
at
will
b
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
f
lo
w
d
iag
r
am
,
wh
ich
will
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
s
tag
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
d
esire
d
r
esu
lts
,
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
R
es
e
a
r
c
h
f
l
o
w
d
i
a
g
r
am
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
7
87
-
1
7
97
1790
E
x
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
r
esear
c
h
f
lo
w
d
iag
r
am
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
1
:
−
A
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
o
p
h
th
alm
o
lo
g
i
s
ts
wer
e
d
ir
ec
tly
in
ter
v
iewe
d
,
an
d
clin
ics
o
r
h
o
s
p
itals
wer
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
liter
atu
r
e
s
tu
d
ie
s
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
,
d
r
awin
g
o
n
b
o
o
k
s
an
d
th
e
in
ter
n
et,
to
g
ain
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
ey
e
r
ef
r
ac
tio
n
.
−
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
i
n
ter
v
iew
s
,
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
a
n
d
li
ter
atu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
will
b
e
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ted
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
s
y
m
p
to
m
d
ata,
e
y
e
p
h
o
to
g
r
ap
h
s
an
d
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
es f
o
r
r
e
f
r
ac
tiv
e
ey
e
d
is
ea
s
e.
−
T
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
n
in
tel
lig
en
t
s
y
s
tem
ap
p
licatio
n
to
d
etec
t
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
e
y
e
d
is
ea
s
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
web
s
ite
is
u
n
d
er
way
.
On
ce
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
cr
ea
t
ed
,
it
will
b
e
m
a
d
e
a
v
ailab
le
to
th
e
g
e
n
er
al
p
u
b
lic
v
ia
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia.
I
n
d
iv
i
d
u
als
will
b
e
r
eq
u
ested
to
co
m
p
lete
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
c
o
m
p
r
i
s
in
g
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
an
d
ey
e
p
h
o
t
o
g
r
ap
h
s
.
−
T
h
e
d
ata
to
b
e
u
tili
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
m
p
r
is
e
two
d
ata
s
ets:
s
y
m
p
to
m
d
ata
an
d
ey
e
im
ag
e
d
ata.
−
T
h
e
s
y
m
p
t
o
m
d
a
t
a
w
il
l
b
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
C
F
m
e
t
h
o
d
,
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
i
m
a
g
e
d
a
t
a
wi
l
l
b
e
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
i
m
a
g
e
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
es
wi
t
h
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
e
x
t
r
a
ct
i
o
n
.
−
T
h
e
C
F
m
eth
o
d
is
a
m
eth
o
d
th
at
d
ef
in
es
c
o
n
f
id
en
ce
in
a
f
ac
t
o
r
r
u
l
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
n
f
id
en
ce
lev
el
o
f
a
n
ex
p
er
t.
T
h
e
C
F
m
eth
o
d
e
m
p
lo
y
s
a
ca
lcu
latio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
wh
er
eb
y
th
e
u
s
er
’
s
C
F
v
alu
e
i
s
m
u
ltip
lied
b
y
th
e
ex
p
er
t
’
s
C
F
v
alu
e,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
co
m
b
in
ed
C
F
v
alu
e.
T
h
is
v
alu
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
f
i
n
al
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
C
F
m
eth
o
d
ca
lcu
lati
o
n
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
is
th
e
b
as
ic
f
o
r
m
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
CF
:
[
.
]
=
[
,
]
–
[
,
]
(
1
)
Descr
ip
tio
n
:
CF
=
ce
r
tain
ty
f
ac
to
r
in
h
y
p
o
th
esis
H
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
f
ac
t E
.
MB
=
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
b
elief
,
is
an
i
n
cr
em
en
tal
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
f
id
en
ce
o
f
h
y
p
o
th
esis
H
af
f
ec
t
ed
b
y
f
ac
t E
.
MD
=
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
d
is
b
elief
,
is
t
h
e
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
o
f
th
e
d
is
b
elief
o
f
th
e
h
y
p
o
t
h
esis
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
f
ac
t E
.
E
=
e
v
id
en
ce
(
e
v
en
t o
r
f
ac
t)
H
=
h
y
p
o
th
esis
(
co
n
jectu
r
e)
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
co
m
b
in
e
two
o
r
m
o
r
e
r
u
les,
a
k
n
o
wled
g
e
-
b
ase
d
s
y
s
tem
with
m
u
ltip
le
r
u
les
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
,
ea
ch
o
f
wh
ich
y
iel
d
s
th
e
s
am
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
b
u
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
u
n
c
er
tain
ty
f
ac
to
r
s
.
E
ac
h
r
u
le
ca
n
b
e
p
r
esen
ted
as
a
p
iece
o
f
ev
id
e
n
ce
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
s
h
ar
ed
co
n
clu
s
io
n
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
C
F
(
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
)
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
e
v
id
en
ce
is
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
as f
o
llo
ws:
(
1
,
2
)
=
(
1
)
+
[
(
2
)
]
[
1
−
(
1
)
]
(
2
)
I
f
we
wer
e
to
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
C
Fs
o
f
R
1
an
d
R
2
in
i
s
o
latio
n
,
it
wo
u
ld
b
e
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
to
p
o
s
it
th
at
th
e
ce
r
tain
ty
o
f
th
e
co
m
b
in
ati
o
n
wo
u
ld
ex
ce
ed
o
n
e
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
m
o
d
if
y
th
is
f
i
g
u
r
e
b
y
ad
d
in
g
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
CF
an
d
m
u
ltip
ly
in
g
it
b
y
(
1
m
in
u
s
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ce
r
tain
ty
f
ac
to
r
)
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
e
in
itial
C
F,
th
e
s
m
aller
th
e
ce
r
tain
ty
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
ad
d
itio
n
.
Nev
er
th
el
ess
,
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
f
ac
t
o
r
alwa
y
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
ce
r
tain
ty
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
ap
p
ly
th
e
th
ir
d
r
u
le,
t
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
u
le
ca
n
b
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
:
(
1
,
2
,
3
)
=
(
1
,
2
)
+
[
(
3
)
]
[
1
−
(
1
,
2
)
]
=
(
1
,
2
)
+
(
3
)
–
[
(
1
,
2
)
]
.
[
(
3
)
(
3
)
Fo
r
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
with
m
o
r
e
r
u
les,
we
ca
n
em
p
lo
y
a
n
ested
eq
u
atio
n
,
as e
x
em
p
lifie
d
b
y
th
e
o
n
e
ab
o
v
e.
−
T
h
e
d
ata
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
s
tag
e
is
th
e
p
h
ase
o
f
d
ata
a
n
aly
s
is
d
u
r
i
n
g
wh
ich
th
e
d
ata
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
an
d
th
e
m
o
s
t
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
tag
es f
o
r
t
h
e
d
ata
u
s
ed
in
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
ar
e
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
.
−
T
h
e
d
ata
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
tag
e
is
a
cr
u
cial
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
s
tep
p
r
ec
ed
in
g
th
e
class
if
icatio
n
s
tag
e.
I
n
th
is
s
tag
e,
th
e
d
ata
u
n
d
er
g
o
es p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t a
n
aly
s
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
−
T
h
e
d
ata
d
i
v
is
io
n
s
tag
e
u
tili
s
es
th
e
Sp
lit
v
alid
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
with
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
o
b
tain
in
g
m
o
r
e
d
etailed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
th
e
d
et
er
m
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
o
p
tim
al
q
u
a
n
tity
o
f
tr
ain
in
g
an
d
test
in
g
d
ata
f
o
r
th
e
d
ata
in
q
u
esti
o
n
,
s
u
ch
as in
th
e
co
n
tex
t o
f
r
esear
ch
.
−
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
c
o
m
p
letin
g
im
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
with
th
e
test
f
e
atu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
with
a
s
tatis
t
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
tex
tu
r
e
an
aly
s
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
tat
i
s
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
in
ten
s
ity
h
is
to
g
r
am
,
m
o
m
en
t
s
tatis
tic,
h
is
to
g
r
am
o
f
in
ten
s
ity
lev
els
i
n
th
e
r
eg
io
n
,
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
in
te
n
s
ity
lev
els,
m
ea
n
(
av
er
a
g
e
)
in
ten
s
ity
,
v
ar
ian
ce
,
u
n
if
o
r
m
i
ty
m
ea
s
u
r
e,
en
tr
o
p
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
n
ess
to
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
th
e
o
p
tim
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
v
al
u
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
A
r
tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
d
etec
tio
n
o
f refr
a
ctive
ey
e
d
is
ea
s
es u
s
i
n
g
ce
r
ta
in
ty
…
(
R
iz
a
l R
a
c
h
ma
n
)
1791
=
=
∑
(
)
−
1
=
0
(
4
)
=
=
√
2
(
)
=
√
2
(
5
)
ℎ
=
=
1
−
1
/
(
1
+
2
)
(
6
)
=
=
∑
2
(
)
−
1
=
0
(
7
)
=
=
−
∑
(
)
2
(
)
−
1
=
0
(
8
)
−
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t stag
e
is
th
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
an
d
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
u
s
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
et
r
ics in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
r
ec
all,
f
-
m
ea
s
u
r
e
an
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
as p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
ly
o
u
tlin
e
d
in
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Fro
m
th
e
in
ter
v
iews
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
,
it
was
ex
p
lain
ed
th
at
r
ef
r
ac
tio
n
is
a
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
ey
e
d
is
ea
s
e.
R
ef
r
ac
tio
n
ca
n
af
f
ec
t
an
y
o
n
e
an
d
at
an
y
tim
e,
with
o
u
t
an
y
ag
e
lim
it.
R
ef
r
ac
tio
n
is
also
a
h
ea
lt
h
p
r
o
b
lem
th
at
ar
is
es
f
r
eq
u
en
tl
y
in
th
e
p
r
esen
t
er
a
,
d
u
e
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
g
ad
g
ets
an
d
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
o
th
e
r
f
ac
to
r
s
,
esp
ec
ially
in
th
e
life
s
ty
le
a
n
d
d
iet
o
f
p
eo
p
le
to
d
a
y
wh
o
d
esire
co
n
v
en
ie
n
ce
.
E
x
p
e
r
ts
ad
v
is
e
th
at
p
r
ev
en
tio
n
is
p
r
ef
er
ab
le
t
o
cu
r
e
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
g
iv
en
th
at
t
h
e
ey
e
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t o
r
g
an
in
th
e
b
o
d
y
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
wh
ich
will
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
b
y
r
esear
c
h
er
s
in
th
is
in
tellig
en
t
s
y
s
tem
,
b
eg
i
n
s
with
th
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
s
an
d
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
s
y
m
p
t
o
m
s
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
is
,
th
e
u
s
er
in
p
u
ts
th
e
ch
o
s
en
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
t
h
en
ev
a
lu
ated
to
ascer
tain
a
p
o
ten
tial
d
iag
n
o
s
is
an
d
ass
o
ciate
d
o
p
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
s
tag
e
is
th
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
d
iag
n
o
s
is
an
d
its
ass
o
ciate
d
p
er
ce
n
tag
e.
I
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
n
in
tellig
en
t
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
ey
e
r
e
f
r
ac
tiv
e
d
is
ea
s
es,
it
i
s
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
co
n
s
id
e
r
th
e
f
o
u
r
m
ain
ty
p
es
o
f
ey
e
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
d
is
ea
s
es
an
d
th
e
twen
ty
p
h
y
s
ical
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
b
y
in
d
iv
id
u
als
with
ey
e
r
ef
r
ac
ti
v
e
d
is
ea
s
es.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
d
at
a
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
n
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
ey
e
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
d
is
ea
s
es
an
d
th
eir
ass
o
ciate
d
s
y
m
p
t
o
m
s
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
d
is
ea
s
es,
th
er
e
ar
e
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
d
iag
n
o
s
e
an
d
d
ir
ec
t
to
war
d
s
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
ef
r
ac
tio
n
th
at
is
b
ein
g
s
u
f
f
e
r
ed
.
I
t
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
n
o
te
th
at
th
er
e
ar
e
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
is
ea
s
es th
at
p
r
esen
t w
ith
s
im
ilar
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
.
Fo
r
f
u
r
th
e
r
d
etailed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
p
lease
r
ef
er
to
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
L
is
t o
f
d
is
ea
s
e
C
o
d
e
D
i
sea
s
e
n
a
m
e
K
0
1
M
y
o
p
i
a
K
0
2
H
y
p
e
r
met
r
o
p
i
a
K
0
3
A
st
i
g
ma
t
i
sm
K
0
4
P
r
e
sb
y
o
p
i
a
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
ey
e
d
is
ea
s
es,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
elec
ted
f
o
u
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
th
at
p
er
tain
ex
clu
s
iv
ely
to
ey
e
r
ef
r
ac
tio
n
.
A
to
tal
o
f
2
0
p
h
y
s
ical
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
id
en
tifie
d
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
u
r
d
is
ea
s
es.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
y
m
p
to
m
d
ata,
ac
co
m
p
an
ied
b
y
t
h
e
r
elev
a
n
t sy
m
p
to
m
c
o
d
e,
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
ab
le
2
.
L
is
t o
f
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
C
o
d
e
S
y
mp
t
o
m
n
a
m
e
C
o
d
e
S
y
mp
t
o
m
n
a
m
e
D
0
1
B
l
u
r
r
e
d
v
i
si
o
n
w
h
e
n
l
o
o
k
i
n
g
a
t
o
b
j
e
c
t
s
D
1
1
H
o
t
a
n
d
i
t
c
h
y
e
y
e
s
D
0
2
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
s
q
u
i
n
t
i
n
g
D
1
2
V
i
si
o
n
d
i
st
o
r
t
i
o
n
D
0
3
H
e
a
d
a
c
h
e
D
1
3
B
l
u
r
r
e
d
v
i
si
o
n
D
0
4
Ey
e
f
a
t
i
g
u
e
D
1
4
D
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
s
e
e
i
n
g
a
t
n
i
g
h
t
D
0
5
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
e
y
e
r
u
b
b
i
n
g
D
1
5
Ey
e
s
a
r
e
o
f
t
e
n
t
e
n
se
a
n
d
t
i
r
e
e
a
si
l
y
D
0
6
Ex
c
e
ssi
v
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
b
l
i
n
k
i
n
g
D
1
6
S
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
i
t
y
t
o
b
r
i
g
h
t
l
i
g
h
t
s
D
0
7
S
e
e
i
n
g
d
i
s
t
a
n
t
o
b
j
e
c
t
s c
l
e
a
r
l
y
D
1
7
D
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
d
i
st
i
n
g
u
i
s
h
i
n
g
si
mi
l
a
r
c
o
l
o
u
r
s
D
0
8
S
e
e
i
n
g
c
l
o
s
e
o
b
j
e
c
t
s
b
l
u
r
r
y
D
1
8
D
o
u
b
l
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
D
0
9
S
q
u
i
n
t
i
n
g
t
o
see
o
b
j
e
c
t
s
c
l
e
a
r
l
y
D
1
9
N
e
e
d
s
m
o
r
e
l
i
g
h
t
w
h
e
n
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
D
1
0
D
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
D
2
0
D
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
sma
l
l
f
o
n
t
s
T
h
e
in
itial
co
n
d
itio
n
u
n
d
er
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
is
m
y
o
p
ia,
m
o
r
e
c
o
m
m
o
n
l
y
r
ef
e
r
r
ed
to
as
n
ea
r
s
ig
h
ted
n
ess
.
T
h
is
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
f
iv
e
d
is
tin
ct
p
h
y
s
ical
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
:
D0
1
(
b
lu
r
r
ed
v
is
io
n
wh
en
lo
o
k
in
g
at
o
b
jects),
D0
3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
7
87
-
1
7
97
1792
(
h
ea
d
ac
h
e
)
,
D0
5
(
f
r
eq
u
e
n
t
ey
e
r
u
b
b
i
n
g
)
,
D0
6
(
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
b
lin
k
in
g
)
,
a
n
d
D0
4
(
ey
e
f
atig
u
e)
.
Hy
p
er
m
etr
o
p
ia,
o
r
f
a
r
s
ig
h
ted
n
ess
,
m
an
if
ests
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
ix
id
en
tifia
b
le
p
h
y
s
ical
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
:
D1
1
(
o
cu
lar
d
is
co
m
f
o
r
t)
,
D0
7
(
v
is
u
al
ac
u
i
ty
)
,
D0
3
(
h
ea
d
ac
h
e
)
,
D0
9
(
o
c
u
lar
co
n
v
e
r
g
en
ce
)
,
D0
8
(
v
is
u
al
ac
u
ity
)
,
an
d
D1
0
(
r
ea
d
in
g
d
if
f
icu
lties
)
.
Ast
ig
m
atis
m
,
also
k
n
o
wn
as
a
cy
lin
d
er
ey
e,
ex
h
ib
its
eig
h
t
p
h
y
s
i
ca
l
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
:
D1
2
(
v
is
io
n
d
is
to
r
tio
n
)
,
D1
3
(
b
lu
r
r
ed
v
is
io
n
)
,
D
1
4
(
d
if
f
icu
lty
s
e
ein
g
at
n
ig
h
t)
,
D1
5
(
ey
es
ar
e
o
f
ten
ten
s
e
an
d
tire
ea
s
ily
)
,
D0
3
(
h
ea
d
ac
h
e)
,
D1
8
(
d
o
u
b
le
v
is
io
n
)
,
D
0
2
(
f
r
eq
u
e
n
t
s
q
u
in
tin
g
)
,
a
n
d
D1
6
(
s
en
s
itiv
ity
to
b
r
ig
h
t
lig
h
ts
)
ar
e
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
o
f
p
r
esb
y
o
p
ia.
D0
2
(
f
r
eq
u
en
t
s
q
u
in
tin
g
)
,
D0
3
(
h
ea
d
ac
h
e)
,
D
1
5
(
ey
es
ar
e
o
f
ten
ten
s
e
an
d
tire
ea
s
ily
)
,
D2
0
(
d
if
f
icu
lty
r
ea
d
in
g
s
m
all
f
o
n
ts
)
,
D0
1
(
b
lu
r
r
ed
v
is
i
o
n
wh
en
l
o
o
k
in
g
at
o
b
jects),
D1
7
(
d
if
f
icu
lt
y
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
in
g
s
im
ilar
co
lo
u
r
s
)
,
an
d
D1
9
(
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
f
o
r
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
lig
h
t
wh
en
r
ea
d
i
n
g
)
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
in
ter
v
iews
with
s
ev
er
al
d
o
ct
o
r
s
o
r
e
x
p
er
ts
a
r
e
p
r
esen
ted
b
elo
w.
T
h
e
ce
r
ta
in
ty
v
alu
e
MB
an
d
u
n
ce
r
tain
ty
MD
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
ar
e
as sh
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Ass
o
ciatio
n
s
o
f
r
e
f
r
a
ctiv
e
ey
e
d
is
ea
s
e
an
d
s
y
m
p
t
o
m
s
with
ce
r
tain
ty
an
d
u
n
ce
r
tai
n
ty
v
alu
es
D
i
sea
s
e
n
a
m
e
S
y
mp
t
o
m
n
a
m
e
C
e
r
t
a
i
n
t
y
v
a
l
u
e
(
M
B
)
U
n
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
t
y
v
a
l
u
e
(
M
D
)
M
y
o
p
i
a
B
l
u
r
r
e
d
v
i
si
o
n
w
h
e
n
l
o
o
k
i
n
g
a
t
o
b
j
e
c
t
s
0
.
7
0
.
4
H
e
a
d
a
c
h
e
0
.
5
0
.
4
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
e
y
e
r
u
b
b
i
n
g
0
.
8
0
.
4
Ex
c
e
ssi
v
e
b
l
i
n
k
i
n
g
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
0
.
7
0
.
3
Ey
e
f
a
t
i
g
u
e
0
.
8
0
.
4
H
y
p
e
r
met
r
o
p
i
a
Ey
e
s
f
e
e
l
h
o
t
a
n
d
i
t
c
h
y
0
.
7
0
.
3
S
e
e
i
n
g
d
i
s
t
a
n
t
o
b
j
e
c
t
s c
l
e
a
r
l
y
0
.
8
0
.
2
H
e
a
d
a
c
h
e
0
.
6
0
.
3
S
q
u
i
n
t
i
n
g
t
o
see
o
b
j
e
c
t
s
c
l
e
a
r
l
y
0
.
7
0
.
2
S
e
e
i
n
g
c
l
o
s
e
o
b
j
e
c
t
s
b
l
u
r
r
y
0
.
6
0
.
4
D
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
0
.
6
0
.
2
A
st
i
g
ma
t
i
sm
V
i
si
o
n
d
i
st
o
r
t
i
o
n
0
.
8
0
.
2
B
l
u
r
r
e
d
v
i
si
o
n
0
.
7
0
.
4
D
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
s
e
e
i
n
g
a
t
n
i
g
h
t
0
.
5
0
.
3
Ey
e
s
a
r
e
o
f
t
e
n
t
e
n
se
a
n
d
e
a
s
i
l
y
t
i
r
e
d
0
.
9
0
.
3
H
e
a
d
a
c
h
e
0
.
8
0
.
3
D
o
u
b
l
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
0
.
7
0
.
3
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
s
q
u
i
n
t
i
n
g
0
.
9
0
.
4
S
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
e
t
o
b
r
i
g
h
t
l
i
g
h
t
s
0
.
7
0
.
3
P
r
e
sb
y
o
p
i
a
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
s
q
u
i
n
t
i
n
g
0
.
5
0
.
4
H
e
a
d
a
c
h
e
0
.
7
0
.
3
Ey
e
s
a
r
e
o
f
t
e
n
t
e
n
se
a
n
d
e
a
s
i
l
y
t
i
r
e
d
0
.
6
0
.
3
D
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
sma
l
l
f
o
n
t
s
0
.
7
0
.
2
B
l
u
r
r
e
d
v
i
si
o
n
w
h
e
n
l
o
o
k
i
n
g
a
t
o
b
j
e
c
t
s
0
.
8
0
.
2
D
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
d
i
st
i
n
g
u
i
s
h
i
n
g
si
mi
l
a
r
c
o
l
o
u
r
s
0
.
7
0
.
2
N
e
e
d
s
m
o
r
e
l
i
g
h
t
w
h
e
n
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
0
.
7
0
.
3
A
co
n
s
u
ltatio
n
o
p
tio
n
was
m
a
d
e
av
ailab
le
as
a
p
o
ten
tial
r
es
p
o
n
s
e,
with
ea
ch
o
p
tio
n
b
ei
n
g
ass
ig
n
ed
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
weig
h
tin
g
v
alu
e,
as
d
etailed
in
T
ab
le
4
.
T
h
is
tab
le
ca
teg
o
r
izes
th
e
u
s
er
r
esp
o
n
s
es
in
to
s
ix
d
is
tin
ct
lev
els o
f
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
,
ea
c
h
ass
o
ciate
d
with
a
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
n
u
m
er
ical
v
alu
e
.
T
ab
le
4
.
User
s
ize
No
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
U
ser
v
a
l
u
e
1
No
0
2
D
o
n
’
t
k
n
o
w
0
.
2
3
S
l
i
g
h
t
l
y
c
o
n
f
i
d
e
n
t
0
.
4
4
F
a
i
r
l
y
s
u
r
e
0
.
6
5
S
u
r
e
0
.
8
6
V
e
r
y
s
u
r
e
1
T
h
e
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
an
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
in
ter
f
ac
e.
U
p
o
n
in
itial
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ap
p
lic
atio
n
,
th
e
u
s
er
is
d
ir
ec
ted
to
th
e
h
o
m
e
p
a
g
e,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
c
o
n
s
u
ltatio
n
p
ag
e,
d
e
p
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
th
e
co
n
s
u
ltatio
n
r
esu
lts
p
er
tain
in
g
to
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
a
ilm
en
ts
th
at
m
ay
b
e
en
co
u
n
ter
ed
ar
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
.
Fin
ally
,
an
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
th
e
d
is
ea
s
e
in
q
u
esti
o
n
is
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
A
r
tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
d
etec
tio
n
o
f refr
a
ctive
ey
e
d
is
ea
s
es u
s
i
n
g
ce
r
ta
in
ty
…
(
R
iz
a
l R
a
c
h
ma
n
)
1793
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Ho
m
e
p
ag
e
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
n
s
u
ltatio
n
p
ag
e
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
n
s
u
ltatio
n
r
esu
lts
(
a)
ex
p
e
r
t sy
s
tem
d
iag
n
o
s
is
r
e
s
u
lts
an
d
(
b
)
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
v
er
v
iew
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
7
87
-
1
7
97
1794
T
h
is
p
ap
er
will
ex
p
lain
th
e
m
an
u
al
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
ey
e
r
ef
r
ac
tio
n
d
etec
tio
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
CF
m
eth
o
d
.
I
t
will
b
e
i
llu
s
tr
ated
with
ca
s
e
ex
am
p
les.
I
n
th
is
s
y
s
tem
,
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
ey
e
r
ef
r
ac
tio
n
d
is
ea
s
e,
th
er
e
is
a
ca
lcu
latio
n
in
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
th
e
CF
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ar
e
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
o
f
m
y
o
p
ic
ey
e
r
e
f
r
ac
t
iv
e
d
is
ea
s
e:
−
B
lu
r
r
ed
v
is
io
n
wh
en
lo
o
k
i
n
g
a
t o
b
jects
−
He
ad
ac
h
e
−
Fre
q
u
en
t r
u
b
b
in
g
o
f
th
e
ey
es
−
E
x
ce
s
s
iv
e
b
lin
k
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
−
E
y
e
f
atig
u
e
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ex
am
p
le
illu
s
tr
ates th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
th
e
CF
.
E
y
e
r
ef
r
ac
tio
n
(
My
o
p
ia)
Sy
m
p
to
m
1
[
h
1
,
e]
: Bl
u
r
r
ed
v
is
io
n
wh
en
lo
o
k
in
g
at
o
b
jects (
MB [
h
1
,
e]
=
0
.
7
,
MD
[
h
1
,
e]
=
0
.
4
)
Th
er
ef
o
r
e,
C
F[h
1
,
e]
=
0
.
7
*
0
.
4
=
0
.
2
8
Sy
m
p
to
m
2
[
h
2
,
e]
:
h
ea
d
ac
h
e
(
MB[h
2
,
e]
=
0
.
5
,
MD
[
h
2
,
e]
=
0
.
4
)
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
C
F[h
1
^h
2
,
e]
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
as f
o
llo
ws:
C
F[h
2
,
e]
=
0
.
5
*
0
.
4
=
0
.
2
0
C
F[h
1
,
e]
+
C
F[h
2
,
e]
*
(1
-
C
F[h
1
,
e]
)
=
0
.
2
8
+
0
.
2
0
*
(1
-
0
.
2
8
)
=
0
.
4
2
4
Sy
m
p
to
m
3
[
h
3
,
e]
:
f
r
e
q
u
en
t e
y
e
r
u
b
b
in
g
(
MB[h
3
,
e]
=
0
.
8
,
M
D[
h
3
,
e]
=
0
.
4
)
C
F[h
3
,
e]
=
0
.
8
*
0
.
4
=
0
.
3
2
C
F[h
1
,
h
2
^h
3
,
e]
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
la
ted
as f
o
llo
ws:
C
F[h
1
,
h
2
,
e]
+
C
F[h
3
,
e
]
*
(1
-
C
F[h
1
,
h
2
,
e]
)
=
0
.
4
2
4
+
0
.
3
2
*
(1
-
0
.
4
2
4
)
=
0
.
6
0
Sy
m
p
to
m
4
[
h
4
,
e]
:
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
b
lin
k
in
g
is
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
(
MB[h
4
,
e]
=
0
.
7
,
MD
[
h
4
,
e]
=
0
.
3
)
.
C
F[h
3
,
e]
=
0
.
7
*
0
.
3
=
0
.
2
1
.
T
o
f
in
d
C
F[h
1
,
h
2
,
h
3
^
h
4
,
e]
,
o
n
e
m
ay
u
s
e
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
f
o
r
m
u
la:
C
F[h
1
,
h
2
,
h
3
^h
4
,
e
]
ca
n
b
e
ca
lc
u
lated
as f
o
llo
ws:
C
F[h
1
,
h
2
^h
3
,
e]
+
C
F[h
4
,
e]
*
(1
-
C
F[h
1
,
h
2
^h
3
,
e]
)
=
0
.
6
0
+
0
.
2
1
*
(1
-
0
.
6
0
)
=
0
.
6
8
Sy
m
p
to
m
5
[
h
5
,
e]
:
e
y
e
f
atig
u
e
(
MB[h
5
,
e]
=
0
.
8
,
MD
[
h
5
,
e]
=
0
.
4
)
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
C
F[h
3
,
e]
=
0
.
8
*
0
.
4
=
0
.
3
2
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
C
F[h
1
,
h
2
,
h
3
,
h
4
^
h
5
,
e]
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
late
d
as f
o
ll
o
ws:
C
F[h
1
,
h
2
,
h
3
,
h
4
^
h
5
,
e]
=
C
F[h
1
,
h
2
,
h
3
^
h
4
,
e]
+
C
F[h
4
,
e]
*
(1
-
C
F[h
1
,
h
2
,
h
3
^h
4
,
e
]
)
=
0
.
68
+
0
,
3
2
*
(1
–
0
,
6
8
)
=
0
.
78
As
illu
s
tr
ated
in
th
e
af
o
r
e
m
en
tio
n
ed
ex
a
m
p
le,
th
e
co
n
f
id
en
ce
f
ac
to
r
ass
o
ciate
d
with
m
y
o
p
ic
r
ef
r
ac
tio
n
wh
en
s
elec
tin
g
th
es
e
th
r
ee
s
y
m
p
to
m
s
y
ield
s
a
co
n
f
id
en
ce
f
ac
to
r
o
f
0
.
7
8
,
wh
ich
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
lev
el
o
f
co
n
f
id
en
ce
o
f
7
8
%.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
f
o
r
d
ete
ctin
g
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
e
r
r
o
r
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
p
atien
t
ey
e
p
h
o
t
o
g
r
a
p
h
s
.
T
h
is
em
p
lo
y
s
im
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
f
ea
tu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
with
H
u
-
m
o
m
e
n
ts
p
lu
s
s
tatis
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
m
ea
n
,
v
ar
ian
ce
,
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
ity
a
n
d
e
n
tr
o
p
y
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
5
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
a
p
p
l
ic
atio
n
o
f
Hu
-
m
o
m
en
ts
f
o
r
i
m
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
in
th
e
i
d
en
ti
f
icatio
n
o
f
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
er
r
o
r
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a
)
,
d
is
p
lay
ed
o
n
th
e
lef
t,
d
ep
ict
s
a
co
lo
u
r
p
h
o
to
g
r
a
p
h
o
f
a
n
ey
e
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
em
p
lo
y
ed
as
th
e
in
itial
d
ata
s
et
f
o
r
im
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
with
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
ex
tr
ac
tin
g
th
e
Hu
m
o
m
en
ts
.
T
h
ese
co
m
p
r
is
e
a
s
et
o
f
s
ev
en
in
v
ar
ian
t
n
u
m
er
ical
v
alu
es
th
at
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
th
e
ey
e
a
n
d
ar
e
in
d
is
p
en
s
ab
le
f
o
r
a
n
aly
s
is
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
,
d
is
p
lay
ed
o
n
th
e
r
ig
h
t,
d
e
p
icts
a
g
r
e
y
s
ca
le
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
s
am
e
e
y
e
im
ag
e,
wh
er
ein
th
e
im
ag
e
h
as
b
ee
n
s
im
p
lifie
d
t
o
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
f
ea
tu
r
es.
T
h
e
Hu
m
o
m
en
ts
lis
ted
ab
o
v
e
th
e
g
r
ey
s
ca
le
im
a
g
e
(
2
.
8
3
,
7
.
0
1
,
1
1
.
1
5
,
1
1
.
2
1
,
2
2
.
4
2
,
1
4
.
7
2
,
2
2
.
7
8
)
ar
e
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
in
g
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
ey
e
an
d
d
etec
tin
g
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
e
r
r
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
test
was
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
a
to
tal
o
f
8
0
im
a
g
es,
with
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
5
0
×
5
0
p
ix
els
.
T
h
e
d
ata
d
iv
is
io
n
r
atio
was
9
:1
,
with
9
0
%
allo
ca
ted
f
o
r
tr
ain
in
g
d
at
a
an
d
1
0
%
f
o
r
test
d
ata.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
tes
ts
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
a
r
e
d
i
s
p
lay
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
an
d
T
ab
le
5
.
T
h
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
5
i
n
d
icate
th
at
th
e
en
tr
o
p
y
v
al
u
e
is
6
.
2
8
4
6
,
wh
ich
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
a
m
at
ch
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
A
r
tifi
cia
l in
tellig
en
ce
d
etec
tio
n
o
f refr
a
ctive
ey
e
d
is
ea
s
es u
s
i
n
g
ce
r
ta
in
ty
…
(
R
iz
a
l R
a
c
h
ma
n
)
1795
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Hu
-
m
o
m
e
n
ts
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
(
a)
c
o
lo
r
p
h
o
to
g
r
ap
h
an
d
(
b
)
g
r
ay
s
ca
le
im
ag
e
with
Hu
-
m
o
m
en
ts
an
aly
s
is
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
50
×
50
r
etin
al
m
atr
ix
T
ab
le
5
.
Statis
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
r
esu
lts
C
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
M
e
a
n
1
2
1
.
0
9
2
8
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
5
1
3
.
4
3
2
2
S
mo
o
t
h
n
e
ss
0
.
9
9
9
9
U
n
i
f
o
r
m
i
t
y
0
.
0
1
7
4
En
t
r
o
p
y
6
.
2
8
4
6
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
em
p
lo
y
ed
e
x
h
ib
ited
1
0
0
%
a
cc
u
r
ac
y
in
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
r
e
f
r
ac
tiv
e
er
r
o
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
h
o
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
ey
es
ac
h
ie
v
ed
a
v
alu
e
o
f
6
.
2
8
4
6
,
th
er
eb
y
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
h
i
g
h
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
p
r
ec
is
io
n
in
th
e
d
is
ce
r
n
m
en
t
o
f
r
e
f
r
ac
tiv
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
es
is
th
at
ar
tific
ial
in
tell
ig
en
ce
ca
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ass
is
t
in
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
er
r
o
r
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
elev
an
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
o
th
e
g
en
er
al
p
u
b
lic.
T
h
is
ap
p
lic
atio
n
i
s
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
u
s
f
o
r
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
with
lim
ited
f
am
iliar
ity
with
th
e
v
ar
i
o
u
s
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
c
o
n
d
iti
o
n
s
,
as
it
f
ac
ilit
ates
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
th
eir
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
in
a
m
o
r
e
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
wa
r
d
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
m
an
n
er
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
o
n
th
e
p
o
t
en
tial
o
f
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
in
t
h
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
r
e
f
r
ac
tiv
e
ey
e
d
is
o
r
d
e
r
s
,
with
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
em
p
h
asis
o
n
th
e
CF
an
d
im
a
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
lies
in
its
p
o
ten
tial
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
m
eth
o
d
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
r
eg
io
n
s
wh
er
e
s
p
ec
ialis
ed
ey
e
ca
r
e
is
lim
ited
o
r
co
s
tly
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
len
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
o
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
esis
th
at
ar
tific
i
al
in
tellig
en
ce
ca
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ass
is
t
in
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
er
r
o
r
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
elev
an
t
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
to
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
al
p
u
b
lic.
Fu
r
th
er
r
esear
ch
co
u
ld
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
th
is
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
s
y
s
tem
with
m
o
b
ile
h
ea
lth
ap
p
licatio
n
s
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
its
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
u
tili
ty
.
Ad
d
iti
o
n
ally
,
f
u
r
th
er
s
tu
d
ies
co
u
ld
aim
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
a
n
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
o
f
th
e
a
r
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
s
y
s
tem
b
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
lar
g
e
r
an
d
m
o
r
e
d
iv
er
s
e
d
atasets
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
wo
u
ld
lik
e
to
th
a
n
k
th
e
Dir
ec
to
r
ate
o
f
R
esear
ch
,
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
ty
Ser
v
ice
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
C
u
ltu
r
e,
R
esear
ch
a
n
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
th
e
R
ep
u
b
lic
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esia
h
as
f
u
n
d
e
d
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
M
.
A
n
g
,
D
.
G
a
t
i
n
e
l
,
D
.
Z.
R
e
i
n
st
e
i
n
,
E.
M
e
r
t
e
n
s,
J.
L.
A
l
i
ó
d
e
l
B
a
r
r
i
o
,
a
n
d
J.
L.
A
l
i
ó
,
“
R
e
f
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
su
r
g
e
r
y
b
e
y
o
n
d
2
0
2
0
,
”
Ey
e
,
v
o
l
.
3
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
6
2
–
3
8
2
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
3
8
/
s
4
1
4
3
3
-
0
2
0
-
1
0
9
6
-
5.
[
2
]
I
.
M
c
C
o
r
m
i
c
k
,
I
.
M
a
c
t
a
g
g
a
r
t
,
A
.
B
a
st
a
w
r
o
u
s,
M
.
J.
B
u
r
t
o
n
,
a
n
d
J.
R
a
m
k
e
,
“
Ef
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
r
e
f
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
e
r
r
o
r
c
o
v
e
r
a
g
e
:
a
n
e
y
e
h
e
a
l
t
h
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
t
o
me
a
su
r
e
p
r
o
g
r
e
ss
t
o
w
a
r
d
s
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
a
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
c
o
v
e
r
a
g
e
,
”
O
p
h
t
h
a
l
m
i
c
a
n
d
Ph
y
si
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
O
p
t
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
4
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
5
,
Jan
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
1
1
/
o
p
o
.
1
2
6
6
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
6
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
1
7
87
-
1
7
97
1796
[
3
]
S
.
L
o
n
g
w
i
l
l
,
M
.
M
o
o
r
e
,
D
.
I
.
F
l
i
t
c
r
o
f
t
,
a
n
d
J.
L
o
u
g
h
ma
n
,
“
U
s
i
n
g
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
r
e
c
o
r
d
d
a
t
a
t
o
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
a
n
d
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
r
e
f
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
e
r
r
o
r
s
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
O
p
t
o
m
e
t
ry
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
p
p
.
S
3
2
–
S
4
2
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
o
p
t
o
m
.
2
0
2
2
.
0
9
.
0
0
1
.
[
4
]
E.
N
.
H
a
r
b
a
n
d
C
.
F
.
W
i
l
d
s
o
e
t
,
“
O
r
i
g
i
n
s
o
f
r
e
f
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
e
r
r
o
r
s
:
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
a
l
a
n
d
g
e
n
e
t
i
c
f
a
c
t
o
r
s,”
An
n
u
a
l
Re
v
i
e
w
o
f
V
i
si
o
n
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
7
–
7
2
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
4
6
/
a
n
n
u
r
e
v
-
v
i
s
i
o
n
-
0
9
1
7
1
8
-
0
1
5
0
2
7
.
[
5
]
L.
W
a
n
g
a
n
d
D
.
D
.
K
o
c
h
,
“
I
n
t
r
a
o
c
u
l
a
r
l
e
n
s p
o
w
e
r
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s i
n
e
y
e
s
w
i
t
h
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s c
o
r
n
e
a
l
r
e
f
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
su
r
g
e
r
y
:
r
e
v
i
e
w
a
n
d
e
x
p
e
r
t
o
p
i
n
i
o
n
,
”
O
p
h
t
h
a
l
m
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
8
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
e
1
2
1
–
e
1
3
1
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
o
p
h
t
h
a
.
2
0
2
0
.
0
6
.
0
5
4
.
[
6
]
T.
V
.
T
k
a
t
c
h
e
n
k
o
,
R
.
L
.
S
h
a
h
,
T
.
N
a
g
a
s
a
k
i
,
a
n
d
A
.
V
.
T
k
a
t
c
h
e
n
k
o
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
g
e
n
e
t
i
c
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
n
g
r
e
f
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
e
y
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
i
n
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
v
e
c
r
o
ss
p
r
o
g
e
n
i
t
o
r
st
r
a
i
n
m
i
c
e
r
e
v
e
a
l
s
n
e
w
g
e
n
e
s
a
n
d
p
a
t
h
w
a
y
s
u
n
d
e
r
l
y
i
n
g
h
u
ma
n
my
o
p
i
a
,
”
BM
C
Me
d
i
c
a
l
G
e
n
o
m
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
1
1
3
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/
s
1
2
9
2
0
-
019
-
0
5
6
0
-
1.
[
7
]
M
.
La
b
k
o
v
i
c
h
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
P
o
r
t
a
b
l
e
h
a
r
d
w
a
r
e
a
n
d
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
f
o
r
a
d
d
r
e
ss
i
n
g
o
p
h
t
h
a
l
m
i
c
h
e
a
l
t
h
d
i
sp
a
r
i
t
i
e
s
:
a
s
y
st
e
ma
t
i
c
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
”
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
p
.
2
0
5
5
2
0
7
6
2
2
1
0
9
0
0
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
7
7
/
2
0
5
5
2
0
7
6
2
2
1
0
9
0
0
4
2
.
[
8
]
A
.
A
.
Ja
b
b
e
r
,
A
.
H
.
H
a
d
i
,
S
.
M
.
W
a
d
i
,
a
n
d
G
.
A
.
S
h
a
d
e
d
,
“
C
a
t
a
r
a
c
t
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
c
l
a
ssi
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
u
si
n
g
d
e
e
p
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
S
y
st
e
m
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
0
,
2
0
2
4
,
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
s.
u
o
b
.
e
d
u
.
b
h
/
b
i
t
s
t
r
e
a
m
/
h
a
n
d
l
e
/
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
/
5
7
4
8
/
1
5
7
1
0
3
7
8
8
8
.
p
d
f
?
se
q
u
e
n
c
e
=
1
&
i
sA
l
l
o
w
e
d
=
y
[
9
]
I
.
K
u
r
i
c
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
t
o
a
u
t
o
ma
t
e
d
v
i
s
u
a
l
i
n
s
p
e
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
o
b
j
e
c
t
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
,
”
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
.
8
6
4
,
J
a
n
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
a
p
p
1
2
0
2
0
8
6
4
.
[
1
0
]
G
.
D
i
ma
u
r
o
,
M
.
E
.
G
r
i
s
e
t
a
,
M
.
G
.
C
a
mp
o
r
e
a
l
e
,
F
.
C
l
e
me
n
t
e
,
A
.
G
u
a
r
i
n
i
,
a
n
d
R
.
M
a
g
l
i
e
t
t
a
,
“
A
n
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
n
o
n
-
i
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
s
y
st
e
m
f
o
r
a
u
t
o
mat
e
d
d
i
a
g
n
o
si
s o
f
a
n
e
m
i
a
e
x
p
l
o
i
t
i
n
g
a
n
o
v
e
l
d
a
t
a
set
,
”
Ar
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
i
n
Me
d
i
c
i
n
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
6
,
p
.
1
0
2
4
7
7
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
a
r
t
me
d
.
2
0
2
2
.
1
0
2
4
7
7
.
[
1
1
]
J.
C
a
m
a
r
a
,
A
.
N
e
t
o
,
I
.
M
.
P
i
r
e
s
,
M
.
V
.
V
i
l
l
a
s
a
n
a
,
E.
Z
d
r
a
v
e
v
s
k
i
,
a
n
d
A
.
C
u
n
h
a
,
“
A
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
si
v
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
a
n
d
e
q
u
i
p
me
n
t
f
o
r
a
i
d
i
n
g
a
u
t
o
ma
t
i
c
g
l
a
u
c
o
m
a
t
r
a
c
k
i
n
g
,
”
D
i
a
g
n
o
st
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
.
9
3
5
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
d
i
a
g
n
o
st
i
c
s
1
2
0
4
0
9
3
5
.
[
1
2
]
J.
H
.
L
.
G
o
h
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
f
o
r
c
a
t
a
r
a
c
t
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
men
t
,
”
Asi
a
-
P
a
c
i
f
i
c
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
O
p
h
t
h
a
l
m
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
8
8
–
9
5
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
9
7
/
0
1
.
A
P
O
.
0
0
0
0
6
5
6
9
8
8
.
1
6
2
2
1
.
0
4
.
[
1
3
]
A
.
R
.
W
a
h
a
b
S
a
i
t
,
“
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
-
d
r
i
v
e
n
e
y
e
d
i
se
a
se
c
l
a
ss
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
mo
d
e
l
,
”
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
2
0
,
p
.
1
1
4
3
7
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
a
p
p
1
3
2
0
1
1
4
3
7
.
[
1
4
]
S
.
H
a
r
d
i
,
F
.
P
.
S
u
r
b
a
k
t
i
,
a
n
d
El
v
i
w
a
n
i
,
“
E
x
p
e
r
t
s
y
st
e
m
f
o
r
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
g
l
a
u
c
o
ma
d
i
se
a
se
u
s
i
n
g
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
t
y
f
a
c
t
o
r
m
e
t
h
o
d
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ph
y
s
i
c
s:
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
S
e
ri
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
4
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
0
1
2
1
0
0
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
8
/
1
7
4
2
-
6
5
9
6
/
1
6
4
1
/
1
/
0
1
2
1
0
0
.
[
1
5
]
R
.
S
a
y
r
e
s,
N
.
H
a
mm
e
l
,
a
n
d
Y
.
Li
u
,
“
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
,
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
e
e
p
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
e
y
e
c
a
r
e
sp
e
c
i
a
l
i
s
t
s,
”
A
n
n
a
l
s
o
f
Ey
e
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
8
–
1
8
,
J
u
n
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
1
0
3
7
/
a
e
s.
2
0
2
0
.
0
2
.
0
5
.
[
1
6
]
D
.
Li
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
si
v
e
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
r
e
t
i
n
a
l
e
x
p
e
r
t
(
C
A
R
E)
s
y
s
t
e
m
:
a
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
r
e
a
l
-
w
o
r
l
d
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
st
u
d
y
,
”
T
h
e
L
a
n
c
e
t
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
H
e
a
l
t
h
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
e
4
8
6
–
e
4
9
5
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
S
2
5
8
9
-
7
5
0
0
(
2
1
)
0
0
0
8
6
-
8.
[
1
7
]
R
.
K
u
r
n
i
a
w
a
n
,
M
.
Z
.
A
.
N
a
z
r
i
,
S
.
N
.
H
.
S
.
A
b
d
u
l
l
a
h
,
Z.
A
.
O
t
h
ma
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
A
b
d
u
l
l
a
h
,
“
B
a
y
e
s
i
a
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
d
e
m
p
st
e
r
-
sh
a
f
e
r
t
h
e
o
r
y
f
o
r
e
a
r
l
y
d
i
a
g
n
o
s
i
s
o
f
e
y
e
d
i
se
a
s
e
s,”
C
o
m
p
u
s
o
f
t
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
6
4
2
–
3
6
5
1
,
2
0
2
0
.
[
1
8
]
I
.
A
.
W
i
sk
y
a
n
d
T.
A
.
P
u
t
r
a
,
“
O
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
d
e
e
p
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
set
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
mo
d
e
l
c
l
a
s
si
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
O
t
i
t
i
s
,
”
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
t
ri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
(
I
J
E
EC
S
)
,
v
o
l
.
3
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
.
1
7
9
5
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
e
e
c
s
.
v
3
2
.
i
3
.
p
p
1
7
9
5
-
1
8
0
4
.
[
1
9
]
M
.
H
a
mi
z
,
H
.
H
a
r
o
n
,
M
.
B
a
k
r
i
,
a
n
d
N
.
L.
M
o
h
d
L
a
z
i
m,
“
O
n
t
o
l
o
g
y
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
i
n
t
a
k
e
s
u
g
g
e
st
i
o
n
a
n
d
p
r
e
p
a
r
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
ma
l
a
y
c
o
n
f
i
n
e
m
e
n
t
d
i
e
t
a
r
y
r
e
c
i
p
e
s,”
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
(
I
J
EE
C
S
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
4
8
1
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
e
e
c
s.v
1
7
.
i
1
.
p
p
4
8
1
-
4
8
8
.
[
2
0
]
A
.
K
h
o
z
a
i
m
i
,
“
M
o
b
i
l
e
e
x
p
e
r
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
f
o
r
d
e
n
g
u
e
f
e
v
e
r
b
a
se
d
o
n
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
t
y
f
a
c
t
o
r
m
e
t
h
o
d
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
h
y
s
i
c
s:
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
S
e
ri
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
6
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
.
0
2
2
0
7
0
,
J
u
l
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
8
/
1
7
4
2
-
6
5
9
6
/
1
5
6
9
/
2
/
0
2
2
0
7
0
.
[
2
1
]
G
.
G
.
A
.
D
e
l
i
l
a
h
,
“
E
x
p
e
r
t
sy
s
t
e
m
o
f
i
n
i
t
i
a
l
a
n
a
m
n
e
si
s
p
r
o
c
e
ss o
f
me
n
s
t
r
u
a
l
d
i
s
o
r
d
e
r
s
u
si
n
g
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
t
y
f
a
c
t
o
r
met
h
o
d
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
T
re
n
d
s
i
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
9
0
6
–
2
9
1
2
,
J
u
n
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
0
5
3
4
/
i
j
a
t
c
s
e
/
2
0
2
0
/
6
4
9
3
2
0
2
0
.
[2
2
]
Z.
Li
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
i
n
o
p
h
t
h
a
l
mo
l
o
g
y
:
t
h
e
p
a
t
h
t
o
t
h
e
r
e
a
l
-
w
o
r
l
d
c
l
i
n
i
c
,
”
C
e
l
l
Re
p
o
rt
s
M
e
d
i
c
i
n
e
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
.
1
0
1
0
9
5
,
J
u
l
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
x
c
r
m.2
0
2
3
.
1
0
1
0
9
5
.
[2
3
]
J.
S
o
n
,
J
.
Y
.
S
h
i
n
,
E
.
J.
C
h
u
n
,
K
.
-
H
.
J
u
n
g
,
K
.
H
.
P
a
r
k
,
a
n
d
S
.
J.
P
a
r
k
,
“
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
c
o
r
o
n
a
r
y
a
r
t
e
r
y
c
a
l
c
i
u
m
s
c
o
r
e
f
r
o
m
r
e
t
i
n
a
l
f
u
n
d
u
s
i
ma
g
e
s
w
i
t
h
d
e
e
p
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
ms
,
”
T
ra
n
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
V
i
si
o
n
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
&
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
.
2
8
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
6
7
/
t
v
st
.
9
.
2
.
2
8
.
[2
4
]
D
.
M
.
M
o
s
h
f
e
g
h
i
a
n
d
M
.
T.
Tr
e
se
,
“
R
e
d
u
c
i
n
g
b
l
i
n
d
n
e
ss
r
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
r
e
t
i
n
o
p
a
t
h
y
o
f
p
r
e
ma
t
u
r
i
t
y
u
si
n
g
d
e
e
p
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
,
”
O
p
h
t
h
a
l
m
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
8
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
0
7
7
–
1
0
7
8
,
J
u
l
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
o
p
h
t
h
a
.
2
0
2
1
.
0
4
.
0
2
8
.
[2
5
]
R
.
N
u
z
z
i
,
G
.
B
o
sc
i
a
,
P
.
M
a
r
o
l
o
,
a
n
d
F
.
R
i
c
a
r
d
i
,
“
T
h
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
d
e
e
p
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
i
n
e
y
e
d
i
s
e
a
ses
:
a
r
e
v
i
e
w
,
”
Fro
n
t
i
e
rs
i
n
M
e
d
i
c
i
n
e
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
8
9
/
f
m
e
d
.
2
0
2
1
.
7
1
0
3
2
9
.
[2
6
]
F
.
L
i
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
d
e
e
p
-
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
sy
s
t
e
m
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
s
g
l
a
u
c
o
ma
i
n
c
i
d
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
p
r
o
g
r
e
ssi
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
r
e
t
i
n
a
l
p
h
o
t
o
g
r
a
p
h
s,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
l
i
n
i
c
a
l
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
2
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
Ju
n
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
7
2
/
J
C
I
1
5
7
9
6
8
.
[2
7
]
G
.
M
o
r
a
e
s
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Q
u
a
n
t
i
t
a
t
i
v
e
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
O
C
T
f
o
r
n
e
o
v
a
sc
u
l
a
r
a
g
e
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
ma
c
u
l
a
r
d
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
u
si
n
g
d
e
e
p
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
,
”
O
p
h
t
h
a
l
m
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
6
9
3
–
7
0
5
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
o
p
h
t
h
a
.
2
0
2
0
.
0
9
.
0
2
5
.
[2
8
]
A
.
A
r
r
i
g
o
,
E.
A
r
a
g
o
n
a
,
a
n
d
F
.
B
a
n
d
e
l
l
o
,
“
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
i
a
g
n
o
si
s
a
n
d
s
c
r
e
e
n
i
n
g
o
f
r
e
t
i
n
a
l
d
i
se
a
ses
,
”
U
S
O
p
h
t
h
a
l
m
i
c
Re
v
i
e
w
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
.
1
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
7
9
2
5
/
U
S
O
R
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
7
.
2
.
1
.
[
29
]
J.
Z
h
a
n
g
a
n
d
H
.
Z
o
u
,
“
I
n
si
g
h
t
s
i
n
t
o
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
i
n
my
o
p
i
a
ma
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
:
f
r
o
m
a
d
a
t
a
p
e
r
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
,
”
G
ra
e
f
e
’
s
Arc
h
i
v
e
f
o
r
C
l
i
n
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
E
x
p
e
ri
m
e
n
t
a
l
O
p
h
t
h
a
l
m
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
6
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
–
1
7
,
J
a
n
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
0
0
4
1
7
-
0
2
3
-
0
6
1
0
1
-
5.
[3
0
]
A
.
B
a
l
a
so
p
o
u
l
o
u
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
y
m
p
o
si
u
m
r
e
c
e
n
t
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
r
e
t
i
n
o
b
l
a
st
o
m
a
g
l
o
b
e
‑
s
a
v
i
n
g
t
r
e
a
t
me
n
t
s
,
”
BM
C
O
p
h
t
h
a
l
m
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
1
]
A
.
H
e
r
l
i
a
n
a
,
T.
A
r
i
f
i
n
,
S
.
S
u
sa
n
t
i
,
a
n
d
A
.
B
.
H
i
k
ma
h
,
“
F
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
d
i
a
b
e
t
i
c
r
e
t
i
n
o
p
a
t
h
y
d
i
se
a
se
u
si
n
g
p
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
sw
a
r
m
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
n
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
8
6
t
h
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
C
y
b
e
r
a
n
d
I
T
S
e
rv
i
c
e
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
(
C
I
T
S
M)
,
I
EEE,
A
u
g
.
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
–
4
.
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
C
I
TSM
.
2
0
1
8
.
8
6
7
4
2
9
5
.
[3
2
]
S
.
G
h
a
f
f
a
r
i
,
P
.
S
o
l
e
i
m
a
n
i
,
K
.
F
.
L
i
,
a
n
d
D
.
W
.
C
a
p
s
o
n
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
r
i
so
n
o
f
F
P
G
A
-
b
a
s
e
d
h
i
st
o
g
r
a
m
o
f
o
r
i
e
n
t
e
d
g
r
a
d
i
e
n
t
s
i
mp
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
s,”
I
EEE
Ac
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
p
p
.
7
9
9
2
0
–
7
9
9
3
4
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
A
C
C
ESS
.
2
0
2
0
.
2
9
8
9
2
6
7
.
[3
3
]
Z.
W
u
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
r
e
t
r
i
e
v
a
l
b
a
se
d
o
n
c
o
n
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
a
l
n
e
u
r
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
a
n
d
H
u
i
n
v
a
r
i
a
n
t
m
o
men
t
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
i
n
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
t
e
l
e
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s,”
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
0
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
c
o
mc
o
m.
2
0
1
9
.
1
1
.
0
5
3
.
[3
4
]
A
.
M
.
A
s
h
i
r
,
S
.
I
b
r
a
h
i
m,
M
.
A
b
d
u
l
g
h
a
n
i
,
A
.
A
.
I
b
r
a
h
i
m,
a
n
d
M
.
S
.
A
n
w
a
r
,
“
D
i
a
b
e
t
i
c
r
e
t
i
n
o
p
a
t
h
y
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
l
o
c
a
l
e
x
t
r
e
m
a
q
u
a
n
t
i
z
e
d
h
a
r
a
l
i
c
k
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
w
i
t
h
l
o
n
g
sh
o
r
t
-
t
e
r
m
me
mo
r
y
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
,
”
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Bi
o
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
I
m
a
g
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
2
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
5
/
2
0
2
1
/
6
6
1
8
6
6
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.