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Vo
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14
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Dec
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20
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Effec
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ters
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Desig
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E
th
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et
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n
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o
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L
ay
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ed
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if
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ar
ch
itectu
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Pre
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n
Ver
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Dep
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k
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r
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s
titu
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RO
D
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ewly
estab
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a
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ch
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ith
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,
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tech
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iq
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all
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ily
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t
o
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s
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p
o
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t
-
s
ilico
n
v
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if
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an
d
p
r
e
-
s
ilico
n
v
er
if
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.
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e
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s
o
f
t
c
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e,
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ith
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w
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ap
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ested
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ir
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th
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co
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tr
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s
VL
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ar
ch
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e.
T
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n
et
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is
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s
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s
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s
y
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tem
Ver
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n
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ca
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I
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1
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.
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
e
r
20
24
:
6
1
9
5
-
6
2
0
3
6196
A
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
f
ield
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ab
le
g
ate
ar
r
a
y
(
FP
GA
)
test
in
g
o
f
en
h
an
ce
d
ed
g
e
d
etec
tio
n
em
p
lo
y
in
g
b
u
f
f
e
r
lin
es
a
n
d
s
e
p
ar
atio
n
was
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
Pe
n
g
et
a
l.
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
lo
o
k
ed
in
to
h
o
w
well
an
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
ed
g
e
d
etec
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
wo
r
k
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o
n
a
n
FP
GA
p
latf
o
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m
.
Pre
witt
f
ilter
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s
ep
ar
atio
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a
n
d
b
u
f
f
er
lin
e,
an
d
g
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ey
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ca
le
an
d
Gau
s
s
ian
f
ilter
wer
e
th
e
th
r
ee
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m
p
o
n
en
ts
th
a
t m
ad
e
u
p
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
u
s
ed
b
u
f
f
er
lin
e
an
d
s
ep
ar
atio
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tech
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iq
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es
to
im
p
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etec
tio
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s
p
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d
.
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test
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p
ictu
r
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p
r
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-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
tag
e
o
n
an
FP
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p
latf
o
r
m
,
wh
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p
r
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d
u
ce
d
a
b
etter
im
ag
e
as th
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u
tp
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t
o
f
th
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im
a
g
e
p
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o
ce
s
s
in
g
tech
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iq
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e.
Fo
r
lo
g
ic
v
er
if
icatio
n
,
Z
o
u
et
a
l.
[
2
]
p
r
esen
te
d
a
s
y
s
tem
-
lev
el
FP
GA
r
o
u
tin
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
b
as
ed
o
n
tim
e
d
iv
is
io
n
m
u
ltip
lex
in
g
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
s
o
u
g
h
t
to
r
ed
u
ce
r
u
n
tim
e
as
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th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
tim
e
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d
iv
is
io
n
m
u
ltip
lex
in
g
(
T
DM
)
r
atio
(
s
ig
n
al
m
u
ltip
lex
in
g
)
.
T
h
e
y
s
tr
u
ctu
r
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t
h
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n
et
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
b
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Stein
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m
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im
u
m
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SMT
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p
r
o
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lem
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t
o
o
k
in
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
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r
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co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
.
T
h
ey
u
s
ed
an
ap
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x
im
atio
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a
p
p
r
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with
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p
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f
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o
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s
o
lv
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it.
Ad
d
itio
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ally
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e
y
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r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
o
v
el
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
r
ea
s
s
ig
n
in
g
r
atio
s
i
n
u
n
b
al
an
ce
d
n
et
g
r
o
u
p
s
a
n
d
a
r
ef
i
n
e
m
en
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
tak
es
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
r
atio
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
r
o
u
tin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Dev
er
ajeg
o
wd
a
et
a
l.
[
3
]
p
r
e
s
en
ted
a
f
o
r
m
al
v
er
if
icatio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
an
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
co
n
tex
t.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
a
u
s
ef
u
l
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
a
p
p
ly
in
g
f
o
r
m
al
v
e
r
if
icatio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
es
to
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
d
esig
n
s
wh
ile
tak
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
,
e
f
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
q
u
ality
in
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
tack
l
es
s
ev
er
al
f
ac
ets
o
f
f
o
r
m
al
v
er
if
icatio
n
in
a
m
eth
o
d
ical
m
an
n
er
.
B
ef
o
r
e
u
n
d
er
g
o
in
g
f
o
r
m
al
an
aly
s
is
,
th
e
d
esig
n
s
ar
e
ev
alu
ated
f
o
r
th
eir
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
with
f
o
r
m
al
m
eth
o
d
s
.
A
u
to
m
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
also
em
p
lo
y
e
d
to
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
o
f
f
o
r
m
al
v
er
if
ica
tio
n
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
A
m
o
d
e
l
c
h
e
c
k
i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
c
o
n
f
i
r
m
i
n
g
r
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
b
l
e
F
P
GA
m
o
d
u
l
e
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
b
y
P
e
t
r
i
n
e
t
s
is
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
p
u
b
l
ic
a
t
i
o
n
b
y
G
r
o
b
e
l
n
a
[
4
]
.
A
u
n
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
m
a
l
v
e
r
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
f
o
r
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
b
l
e
m
o
d
u
l
e
s
b
u
i
l
t
o
n
F
PG
A
h
a
r
d
wa
r
e
is
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
.
W
i
t
h
i
n
a
n
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
t
h
e
s
e
m
o
d
u
l
e
s
-
s
p
e
ci
f
i
e
d
b
y
P
e
t
r
i
n
et
s
c
a
n
b
e
d
y
n
a
m
i
ca
l
l
y
m
o
d
i
f
i
e
d
.
B
e
c
a
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
is
,
t
h
e
m
u
l
t
i
-
p
h
a
s
e
f
o
r
m
a
l
v
e
r
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
h
i
g
h
l
i
g
h
t
e
d
h
o
w
c
r
u
c
i
a
l
it
i
s
t
o
p
r
e
c
is
e
l
y
d
es
c
r
i
b
e
a
n
d
m
o
d
i
f
y
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
s
t
a
g
es
o
f
t
h
e
d
es
i
g
n
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
.
A
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
was
m
ad
e
b
y
M
eh
zo
o
n
et
a
l.
[
5
]
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
r
m
al
v
er
if
icatio
n
o
f
a
r
tific
ial
an
d
o
p
tim
ized
m
u
ltip
lier
s
.
A
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
ar
y
s
y
m
b
o
lic
co
m
p
u
te
r
alg
eb
r
a
(
SC
A)
-
s
y
s
tem
th
at
ca
n
f
o
r
m
ally
v
alid
ate
a
lar
g
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
o
p
tim
al
m
u
ltip
lier
s
w
as
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
.
T
h
ey
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
tech
n
iq
u
e
th
at
p
r
ev
en
ts
m
o
n
o
m
ial
ex
p
lo
s
io
n
d
u
r
in
g
b
ac
k
war
d
r
e
wr
itin
g
b
y
u
s
in
g
d
y
n
am
ic
n
e
g
o
tiatio
n
o
r
d
er
in
g
.
T
h
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
’
s
u
s
ef
u
ln
ess
in
v
er
if
y
in
g
d
if
f
e
r
en
t o
p
tim
ized
m
u
ltip
lier
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
f
alse b
e
n
ch
m
ar
k
s
,
was p
r
o
v
en
b
y
e
x
p
er
im
en
tal
d
ata.
Ah
m
ed
et
a
l.
[
6
]
s
tu
d
y
o
n
d
y
n
am
ic
p
ar
tial
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
in
clu
d
ed
a
tech
n
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
.
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
p
r
e
s
en
ted
an
ass
er
tio
n
-
b
ased
v
er
if
icatio
n
(
AB
V)
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
R
Ms
’
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
.
Sy
s
tem
Ver
ilo
g
ass
er
tio
n
s
(
SVAs
)
wer
e
in
itia
lly
u
s
ed
to
m
o
d
el
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
R
Ms.
T
h
ese
g
en
er
ated
ass
er
tio
n
s
wer
e
th
en
u
s
ed
to
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
t
h
e
d
esig
n
,
an
d
f
o
r
m
al
v
er
if
ic
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
th
e
co
n
n
e
ctio
n
s
wer
e
ac
cu
r
ate.
A
s
o
f
twar
e
v
er
if
icatio
n
p
r
o
c
ed
u
r
e
a
n
d
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
cr
ea
tin
g
FP
GA
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
en
g
in
ee
r
ed
s
af
ety
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
y
s
tem
s
wer
e
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
Ma
er
an
i
et
a
l.
[
7
]
.
Fir
s
t,
co
n
d
itio
n
an
aly
s
is
an
d
lab
o
r
v
er
if
icatio
n
v
ia
s
o
f
twar
e
test
in
g
wer
e
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
v
er
if
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
t
o
m
ak
e
s
u
r
e
th
e
d
e
s
ig
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
FP
GA
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
en
g
in
ee
r
ed
s
af
ety
f
ea
tu
r
e
–
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
y
s
tem
(
E
SF
-
C
C
S)
was
r
eliab
le.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
g
u
ar
an
tee
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
test
in
g
an
d
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
cu
s
to
m
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
atis
f
ied
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
A
P
s
y
s
tem
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
co
m
p
u
tin
g
p
o
ly
n
o
m
i
als
with
in
teg
er
s
ec
tio
n
s
a
n
d
f
o
r
m
al
v
er
if
icatio
n
was
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
Z
h
u
et
a
l.
[
8
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ial
v
alu
es
w
ith
n
atu
r
al
n
u
m
b
er
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
th
ey
cr
ea
ted
d
ete
r
m
in
is
tic
m
em
b
r
an
e
s
y
s
tem
s
.
L
ater
,
th
ey
ex
p
an
d
ed
th
eir
f
in
d
in
g
s
to
en
co
m
p
ass
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ials
with
in
teg
er
f
ig
u
r
es.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
p
r
ec
e
d
en
ce
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
p
r
esen
ted
d
ete
r
m
in
is
tic
tr
an
s
itio
n
P
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
th
e
wea
k
in
ter
p
r
et
atio
n
o
f
s
am
e
k
in
d
p
o
ly
n
o
m
ial
s
.
A
f
o
r
m
al
v
er
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
c
ir
cle
was
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
B
er
n
ar
d
esch
i
et
a
l.
[
9
]
in
o
r
d
er
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
af
ety
-
cr
itical
cy
b
er
-
p
h
y
s
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
v
er
if
icatio
n
.
T
h
eir
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
co
m
p
r
is
ed
an
ab
s
tr
ac
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
o
f
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
-
o
r
d
er
s
en
s
es,
v
er
if
icatio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
o
r
em
s
,
a
n
d
clo
s
e
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
v
e
r
if
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
m
o
d
el
-
d
r
iv
en
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
c
o
v
er
ed
b
o
th
d
ig
i
tal
an
d
a
n
alo
g
u
e
s
y
s
tem
s
,
an
d
ex
am
p
les
f
r
o
m
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ies,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
d
r
iv
er
less
ca
r
s
,
elec
tr
ic
s
to
p
co
ck
ac
tu
atio
n
,
a
n
d
im
p
lan
tab
le
b
io
m
ed
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
,
p
r
o
v
ed
h
o
w
u
s
ef
u
l it
was.
An
An
tiF
ac
t
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
an
d
co
m
p
u
ter
-
aid
e
d
d
esig
n
(
C
AD
)
in
f
lo
w
wer
e
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
Nath
et
a
l.
[
1
0
]
f
o
r
ef
f
icien
t
f
o
r
m
al
v
er
i
f
icatio
n
o
f
s
y
s
tem
-
on
-
ch
i
p
(
So
C
)
s
ec
u
r
ity
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
f
lex
ib
le,
ce
n
tr
alize
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
I
P,
th
eir
wo
r
k
estab
lis
h
ed
a
cr
u
cial
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
o
licies,
en
ab
lin
g
s
ca
lab
le
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
t
v
er
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
B
u
ilt
o
n
to
p
o
f
cu
r
r
en
tly
av
ailab
le
o
f
f
-
th
e
-
s
h
elf
to
o
ls
,
t
h
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
C
AD
in
f
lo
w
p
er
m
itted
b
o
th
f
o
r
m
al
a
n
d
d
y
n
am
ic
(
s
i
m
u
latio
n
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
)
v
er
if
icatio
n
.
An
FP
GA
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
s
y
m
m
et
r
ic
r
e
-
e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
was
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
Al
-
Asl
i
et
a
l.
[
1
1
]
t
o
s
ec
u
r
e
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
in
p
all
-
in
teg
r
ated
i
n
ter
n
et
-
of
-
ef
f
ec
ts
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
g
u
ar
a
n
teein
g
F
PGA
au
th
en
ticatio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
E
ffective
eth
ern
et
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
r
o
to
co
l a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
ve
r
ifica
ti
o
n
s
tr
a
teg
y
u
s
in
g
…
(
S
h
u
b
h
a
P
a
r
a
mesh
w
a
r
a
)
6197
an
d
cr
ea
tin
g
a
s
ec
u
r
e
s
y
m
m
et
r
ic
k
ey
s
ess
io
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
o
n
-
p
all
FP
GA,
th
e
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
d
ev
ice
,
an
d
th
e
clien
t,
th
eir
s
y
s
tem
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
m
a
n
y
b
u
s
in
ess
m
o
d
els
an
d
ac
h
iev
ed
p
e
r
f
ec
t
f
o
r
war
d
s
ec
r
ec
y
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
m
eth
o
d
s
atis
f
ied
ty
p
ical
I
o
T
o
p
er
atin
g
s
itu
atio
n
s
b
y
en
ab
lin
g
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
in
teg
r
ity
ch
ec
k
s
with
in
th
e
u
n
d
er
ly
i
n
g
FP
GA
d
u
r
in
g
r
u
n
tim
e.
Fo
r
m
a
l
v
er
if
icatio
n
with
a
r
ea
lis
tic
b
u
s
h
wh
ac
k
er
m
o
d
el
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
er
e
a
r
e
n
o
wea
k
n
ess
es in
th
e
s
ch
em
e.
Ass
er
tio
n
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
v
e
r
if
icatio
n
was
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Ah
m
ed
et
a
l.
[
1
2
]
f
o
r
d
y
n
a
m
ic
p
ar
tial
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
v
er
if
icatio
n
.
I
n
th
eir
wo
r
k
,
t
h
ey
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
tech
n
iq
u
e
ca
lled
ass
er
tio
n
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
v
er
if
icatio
n
(
AB
V)
f
o
r
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
r
ec
e
n
tly
p
r
esen
ted
f
laws.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
m
eth
o
d
wo
r
k
ed
well
f
o
r
l
o
ca
tin
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
i
n
ac
tu
al
d
esig
n
s
th
at
u
s
ed
d
y
n
am
ic
p
ar
tial
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
(
DPR
)
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
g
u
a
r
an
te
e
p
r
o
p
er
o
p
er
atio
n
,
v
er
if
icatio
n
at
th
e
r
eg
is
ter
tr
a
n
s
f
er
lev
el
(
R
T
L
)
d
esig
n
lev
el
was
p
r
io
r
itized
b
ef
o
r
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
n
th
e
FP
GA.
An
y
f
au
lts
d
is
co
v
er
ed
d
u
r
in
g
v
er
if
icatio
n
n
ec
ess
itated
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
o
f
f
ix
es
in
to
th
e
d
esig
n
’
s
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
cy
cle.
T
h
e
2
0
1
8
tr
en
d
s
f
o
r
FP
GA
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
v
e
r
if
icatio
n
wer
e
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
Fo
s
ter
[
1
3
]
.
Giv
e
n
t
h
e
g
r
o
win
g
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
FP
GA
d
esig
n
s
,
wh
ich
is
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
to
th
a
t
o
f
I
C
/ASIC
d
esig
n
s
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
in
s
ig
h
tf
u
l
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tate
o
f
FP
GA
d
esig
n
an
d
v
e
r
if
icatio
n
tr
e
n
d
s
.
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
is
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
n
v
er
if
icatio
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
an
d
ef
f
icac
y
was a
s
s
es
s
ed
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
.
Mo
d
el
ch
ec
k
in
g
was
p
r
esen
t
ed
b
y
B
u
zh
in
s
k
y
an
d
Pak
o
n
en
[
1
4
]
as
a
m
ea
n
s
o
f
v
e
r
if
y
in
g
f
au
lt
-
to
ler
an
t
s
af
ety
in
s
tr
u
m
en
tatio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
(
I
&
C
)
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
ey
p
r
esen
ted
a
m
eth
o
d
th
a
t
u
s
ed
th
e
N
u
SVM
m
o
d
el
ch
ec
k
er
to
a
d
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
d
elay
s
an
d
h
a
r
d
wa
r
e
elem
en
t
f
ailu
r
es
in
to
I
&
C
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
en
s
e
m
o
d
els.
T
h
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
s
in
g
le
f
ailu
r
e
to
ler
an
ce
a
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
v
alid
ated
in
c
r
ed
i
b
ly
co
m
p
lex
s
y
s
tem
ar
ch
itectu
r
es.
A
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
o
r
m
al
v
er
if
icatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
s
af
ety
-
cr
iti
ca
l
s
y
s
tem
-
on
-
ch
ip
(
So
C
)
d
e
s
ig
n
s
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
Gr
im
m
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
y
lo
o
k
ed
at
s
ix
wel
l
-
k
n
o
wn
m
eth
o
d
s
th
at
wer
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
t
o
f
o
r
m
al
v
er
if
icatio
n
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
at,
af
ter
weig
h
in
g
th
e
b
e
n
ef
its
an
d
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
o
f
e
ac
h
,
a
h
y
b
r
id
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
b
est
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
f
o
r
m
a
l
v
er
if
icatio
n
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
f
o
r
co
m
p
lex
s
y
s
tem
v
er
if
icatio
n
.
Un
iv
er
s
al
v
er
if
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
(
UVM
)
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
v
er
i
f
icatio
n
was
s
u
g
g
ested
b
y
Sto
d
d
ar
d
et
a
l
.
[
1
6
]
f
o
r
th
e
HPSB
C
-
FP
GA
o
f
th
e
f
au
lt
-
to
ler
an
t
f
ly
in
g
c
o
m
p
u
ter
o
f
th
e
d
r
ea
m
ch
aser
.
T
h
ey
g
av
e
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
th
e
in
f
r
astru
c
tu
r
e,
v
er
if
icatio
n
,
an
d
p
r
im
a
r
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
th
e
FP
GA.
T
h
ey
v
e
r
if
ied
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
ch
a
n
n
el
d
ata
lin
k
(
C
C
DL
)
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
lay
er
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
lex
f
a
u
lt
-
to
ler
an
t CC
DL
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ex
ch
a
n
g
e,
as we
ll a
s
th
e
HPSB
C
-
FP
GA.
T
h
e
d
if
f
icu
lties
with
b
ig
FP
G
A
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
lo
g
ic
em
u
latio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
wer
e
th
e
m
ain
em
p
h
asis
o
f
Hu
n
g
an
d
Su
m
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
y
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
em
u
latin
g
co
m
m
er
cial
FP
GA
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
t
h
e
ac
ad
em
ic
co
m
m
u
n
ity
’
s
atten
tio
n
to
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
tr
icate
d
if
f
icu
lties
in
th
is
f
ield
.
C
o
v
er
ed
in
th
e
ar
ticle
wer
e
tim
e
s
p
h
er
e
m
u
ltip
lex
in
g
,
s
o
f
twar
e
f
lo
ws,
m
an
ag
in
g
tim
e
s
p
h
er
e,
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
n
FP
GA
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ets,
FP
GA
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
,
p
ar
titi
o
n
in
g
,
p
la
ce
m
en
t,
r
o
u
tin
g
,
an
d
leg
ass
ig
n
m
en
t.
Fo
r
an
o
v
e
r
v
iew
o
f
th
e
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
Ver
if
icatio
n
an
d
Secu
r
ity
W
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
(
I
VSW
)
,
s
ee
Ab
ad
ir
an
d
Af
tab
jah
an
i
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
s
h
ar
in
g
o
f
cr
ea
tiv
e
id
ea
s
an
d
t
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
n
ew
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
f
o
r
tack
lin
g
th
e
d
if
f
icu
lties
in
v
ar
io
u
s
So
C
d
esig
n
s
ettin
g
s
,
I
VSW
s
o
u
g
h
t to
b
r
in
g
to
g
eth
er
in
d
u
s
tr
y
in
ter
p
r
eter
s
an
d
ex
p
er
im
e
n
ter
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
o
m
ain
s
o
f
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
v
er
if
icatio
n
,
c
o
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
,
test
,
an
d
tr
u
s
tab
ilit
y
.
C
o
r
eI
R
s
y
m
b
o
lic
an
aly
ze
r
(
C
o
SA
)
,
a
m
o
d
el
test
in
g
to
o
l
f
o
r
C
o
r
eI
R
d
esig
n
s
,
was
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
Ma
ttar
ei
et
a
l.
[
1
9
]
.
Mo
d
el
-
ch
ec
k
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
wer
e
en
c
o
d
e
d
b
y
C
o
SA
in
to
f
i
r
s
t
-
o
r
d
er
f
o
r
m
u
las
th
at
co
u
l
d
b
e
s
o
lv
ed
b
y
s
o
lv
e
r
s
o
f
s
atis
f
iab
ilit
y
m
o
d
u
lo
t
h
eo
r
ies
(
SMT
)
.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
C
o
SA
to
ex
t
r
ac
t
u
s
ef
u
l
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
C
o
r
eI
R
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
lem
m
as,
to
s
p
ee
d
u
p
th
e
v
e
r
if
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
was
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
b
y
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
as
th
e
y
illu
s
tr
ated
h
o
w
to
in
teg
r
ate
it in
to
th
e
v
e
r
if
icatio
n
p
i
p
elin
e
f
o
r
n
im
b
le
tack
le
d
esig
n
.
A
th
eo
r
em
-
p
r
o
o
f
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
g
ate
p
o
s
itio
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
f
lo
w
s
h
ad
o
win
g
f
o
r
tack
lin
g
s
ec
u
r
ity
v
er
if
icatio
n
was
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Qin
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
eir
w
o
r
k
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
o
n
an
R
iv
est
-
Sh
am
ir
-
Ad
lem
an
(
R
SA
)
p
er
p
etr
atio
n
,
an
O
p
e
n
R
I
SC
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
in
te
r
f
ac
e
co
r
e,
a
n
d
o
th
e
r
T
r
o
jan
m
ar
k
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
s
o
lu
tio
n
tack
led
T
r
o
jan
s
wh
ile
f
ig
u
r
in
g
o
u
t
th
eir
d
etec
tio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
id
en
tifie
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
f
laws
in
tim
in
g
ch
an
n
els.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
b
u
ild
s
o
n
p
r
io
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
d
if
f
icu
lties
in
o
b
tain
in
g
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
v
er
if
icatio
n
c
o
v
er
a
g
e,
esp
ec
ia
lly
in
c
o
m
p
licated
FP
GA
d
esig
n
s
an
d
s
af
ety
-
cr
itical
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
s
ee
k
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
v
er
if
icatio
n
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
a
n
o
v
el
v
er
i
f
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
eth
er
n
et
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
i
s
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
ad
v
a
n
ce
s
th
e
s
tate
-
of
-
th
e
-
ar
t
in
FP
GA
v
er
if
icatio
n
p
r
ac
tices
b
y
en
s
u
r
in
g
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
d
esig
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
t
h
e
wo
r
k
o
f
f
er
s
a
m
eth
o
d
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
h
as
not
b
ee
n
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
ly
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
to
d
ay
,
ex
p
lain
i
n
g
h
o
w
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
clo
s
es
cu
r
r
e
n
t
g
ap
s
in
FP
GA
-
b
ased
eth
er
n
et
co
n
tr
o
ller
v
er
if
icatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
E
x
te
n
s
iv
e
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies
an
d
o
u
tco
m
es
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
t
h
is
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
p
a
p
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
ws:
s
ec
tio
n
2
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
v
e
r
if
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
,
s
ec
tio
n
3
d
escr
ib
es
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
,
an
d
co
n
clu
s
io
n
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
e
r
20
24
:
6
1
9
5
-
6
2
0
3
6198
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
VE
RIFI
CAT
I
O
N
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
we
p
r
esen
t
a
n
ew
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
v
e
r
if
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
b
ased
o
n
eth
er
n
et
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
co
n
tr
o
ller
b
lo
ck
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
is
s
h
o
wn
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
1
,
ex
p
er
im
en
te
d
r
esu
lts
u
s
in
g
f
in
ite
s
tate
m
ac
h
in
e
(
FS
M)
tech
n
iq
u
e
co
m
p
ar
e
d
with
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
eth
er
n
et
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
co
n
tr
o
ller
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
[
2
1
]
is
u
s
ed
to
v
er
if
y
th
e
eth
er
n
et
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
b
lo
ck
.
T
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
v
er
if
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
[
2
2
]
is
u
s
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
v
er
if
icatio
n
,
u
s
in
g
in
d
iv
id
u
al
test
ca
s
es f
u
n
ctio
n
a
l c
o
v
er
ag
e
a
r
e
ca
lcu
lated
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Ver
if
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
2
.
1
.
Desig
n
un
der
t
est
Fig
u
r
e
2
d
e
p
icts
th
e
d
esig
n
u
n
d
er
test
m
o
d
u
le,
wh
ic
h
is
a
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
eth
er
n
et
co
n
tr
o
ller
b
lo
c
k
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
a
co
n
tr
o
ller
[
2
1
]
,
FIFO,
an
d
d
u
al
p
o
r
t
R
AM
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
en
tire
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
m
an
ag
ed
b
y
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
ar
ch
itectu
r
e.
I
n
th
is
in
s
tan
ce
,
th
e
cy
clic
c
o
d
ed
d
ata
p
ac
k
e
t
is
f
ir
s
t
p
lace
d
in
to
th
e
FIF
O
b
lo
ck
a
n
d
t
h
en
m
o
m
en
tar
ily
s
to
r
e
d
in
th
e
R
A
M
b
lo
ck
.
W
h
en
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
ac
tiv
at
ed
,
th
e
FS
M
m
o
d
el
th
at
was
cr
ea
ted
f
o
r
it,
as
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
s
tar
ts
o
u
t
in
an
id
ea
l
s
tate.
I
t
r
ea
cts
t
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ad
d
r
ess
es
ap
p
en
d
e
d
to
th
e
s
u
p
p
lie
d
d
ata
in
th
is
c
ase.
Dep
en
d
in
g
o
n
wh
eth
er
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
eth
er
n
et
b
lo
ck
in
th
e
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
is
av
ailab
le,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
am
ic
ally
cr
ea
tes
cy
clic
co
d
es
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
es.
B
y
co
o
r
d
in
atin
g
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
r
ec
ep
tio
n
e
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
,
t
h
is
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
m
ax
im
izes
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
in
th
e
lar
g
er
et
h
er
n
et
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Ar
c
h
itectu
r
al
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
eth
e
r
n
et
co
n
tr
o
ller
2
.
2
.
T
est
pa
t
t
er
n g
ener
a
t
o
r
U
s
i
n
g
r
a
n
d
o
m
s
o
u
r
c
e
a
n
d
d
e
s
t
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
e
s
,
t
h
e
FS
M
m
o
d
e
l
i
s
u
s
e
d
t
o
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
t
h
e
t
es
t
p
a
t
t
e
r
n
s
.
A
n
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
o
f
h
o
w
t
o
g
e
n
e
r
a
te
a
t
es
t p
a
t
t
e
r
n
i
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
b
e
l
o
w
.
T
a
k
e
i
n
t
o
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
a
s
i
t
u
a
ti
o
n
w
h
e
r
e
a
n
et
h
e
r
n
e
t
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
d
es
i
g
n
n
e
e
d
s
t
o
s
e
n
d
a
d
a
t
a
p
a
c
k
e
t
,
f
o
r
i
n
s
t
a
n
c
e
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
c
a
s
e
,
t
h
e
d
a
t
a
i
s
i
n
it
i
a
ll
y
co
m
b
i
n
e
d
w
i
t
h
s
o
m
e
c
y
c
l
i
c
c
o
d
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
s
,
s
t
o
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
a
c
k
e
t
i
n
a
F
I
F
O
b
l
o
c
k
b
e
f
o
r
e
s
e
n
d
i
n
g
a
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
t
o
t
h
e
c
l
o
s
est
e
t
h
e
r
n
e
t
b
l
o
c
k
.
T
h
e
R
A
M
b
l
o
ck
i
s
c
u
r
r
e
n
tl
y
a
wa
i
ti
n
g
t
h
e
a
c
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
wi
l
l
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
t
h
e
p
a
c
k
e
t
t
o
t
h
e
d
e
s
i
g
n
a
t
e
d
b
l
o
c
k
o
n
c
e
i
t
i
s
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
V
e
r
i
l
o
g
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
[
2
2
]
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
s
t
h
e
d
a
t
a
p
a
c
k
e
t
,
c
y
c
l
i
c
c
o
d
e
,
a
n
d
c
l
o
s
e
s
t
d
u
m
m
y
e
t
h
e
r
n
e
t
b
l
o
c
k
s
t
o
v
e
r
i
f
y
t
h
i
s
.
T
h
i
s
a
i
d
s
i
n
a
c
c
u
r
at
e
v
e
r
i
f
i
ca
t
io
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
E
ffective
eth
ern
et
co
n
tr
o
ller
p
r
o
to
co
l a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
ve
r
ifica
ti
o
n
s
tr
a
teg
y
u
s
in
g
…
(
S
h
u
b
h
a
P
a
r
a
mesh
w
a
r
a
)
6199
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
FS
M
m
o
d
el
o
f
eth
e
r
n
et
co
n
tr
o
ller
2
.
3
.
T
est
env
iro
nm
ent
des
ig
n
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
in
c
r
ea
s
e
co
v
er
a
g
e,
th
e
test
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
u
tili
zin
g
a
tier
ed
v
er
if
icatio
n
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
test
ca
s
es.
Data
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
s
co
r
eb
o
a
r
d
s
,
co
v
er
p
o
in
ts
,
a
n
d
tr
an
s
ac
to
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
ar
e
all
m
ad
e
with
class
es
in
s
y
s
tem
Ver
ilo
g
.
T
h
ey
e
n
ab
le
t
h
e
m
a
n
ip
u
latio
n
o
f
s
tim
u
li
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
p
atter
n
g
en
e
r
ato
r
s
u
s
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
a
k
in
t
o
th
o
s
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
an
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
d
esig
n
ed
in
C
++
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
c
o
n
f
ir
m
th
at
ce
r
tain
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
m
u
s
t
al
way
s
b
e
tr
u
e
,
ass
er
tio
n
s
ar
e
e
s
s
en
tial.
T
h
ey
aid
in
id
en
tify
in
g
d
esig
n
d
ef
ec
ts
in
th
e
DUT
an
d
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
th
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
f
ile
d
escr
ip
tio
n
.
Fo
r
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
,
ass
er
tio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
i
n
teg
r
ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
Sy
n
o
p
s
y
s
u
n
if
ied
r
ep
o
r
t g
en
e
r
atio
n
(
UR
G)
to
o
l.
T
o
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
v
er
i
f
icatio
n
p
lan
an
d
v
alid
ate
th
e
elem
en
ts
o
f
a
d
esig
n
th
at
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
v
alid
ated
,
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
c
o
v
er
a
g
e
is
ev
alu
at
ed
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
co
v
er
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
wh
ich
watc
h
th
e
s
tim
u
li
p
r
o
v
id
ed
t
o
th
e
DUT
an
d
k
ee
p
an
ey
e
o
n
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
em
p
l
o
y
ed
in
th
e
r
ep
lies
,
co
d
e
is
in
s
er
ted
d
u
r
in
g
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
v
er
if
icatio
n
s
tr
ateg
y
s
h
o
u
ld
c
o
n
tain
co
v
er
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
an
d
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ac
q
u
ir
ed
d
u
r
in
g
s
im
u
latio
n
is
u
s
ed
to
d
ec
id
e
wh
eth
er
o
r
n
o
t a
co
v
er
g
r
o
u
p
wo
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ef
u
l in
a
test
ca
s
e
s
itu
atio
n
.
C
o
v
er
p
o
in
ts
,
wh
en
u
s
ed
to
d
esig
n
ate
h
ig
h
e
r
lev
els
o
f
ab
s
tr
ac
tio
n
in
a
d
esig
n
,
e
n
h
an
ce
th
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ef
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ec
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o
f
s
im
u
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.
T
h
ey
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er
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as
a
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u
l
t
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l
f
o
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tif
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g
f
u
n
ctio
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o
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e
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Similar
to
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s
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co
v
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o
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ts
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n
b
e
ass
em
b
led
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n
to
a
co
m
p
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iv
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p
o
r
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g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
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th
e
UR
G
to
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l.
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ar
d
s
,
cr
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te
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u
s
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g
cla
s
s
es,
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
DUT
to
th
e
ex
p
ec
ted
d
ata
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
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y
th
e
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
m
o
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el.
I
n
a
v
er
if
icatio
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m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
m
an
u
al
(
VM
M)
-
s
ty
le
v
er
if
icatio
n
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
d
ata
is
o
f
ten
tr
an
s
m
itted
to
t
h
e
s
co
r
eb
o
ar
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
ch
a
n
n
els o
r
m
ailb
o
x
es a
s
a
r
eliab
le
m
eth
o
d
wit
h
in
a
test
b
en
ch
.
T
r
an
s
ac
tio
n
-
lev
el
m
o
d
els
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
h
ig
h
er
-
lev
el
ab
s
tr
ac
tio
n
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
an
d
en
a
b
l
e
ef
f
icien
t
m
o
d
elin
g
an
d
v
er
if
icatio
n
o
f
co
m
p
lex
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
ey
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
s
ca
lab
le
v
er
if
i
ca
tio
n
.
R
eg
r
ess
io
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
r
er
u
n
a
s
et
o
f
test
s
o
r
v
er
if
i
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
o
r
ad
d
itio
n
s
to
th
e
d
esig
n
h
av
e
n
o
t
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
an
y
n
ew
is
s
u
es.
I
t
allo
ws f
o
r
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
v
ali
d
atio
n
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
test
ca
s
e
s
an
d
iter
atio
n
s
.
Ov
er
all,
th
ese
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
s
y
s
tem
Ver
ilo
g
co
n
tr
i
b
u
te
t
o
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
v
er
if
icatio
n
a
n
d
v
al
id
atio
n
o
f
d
ig
ital
d
esig
n
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
ir
co
r
r
ec
tn
ess
an
d
a
d
h
er
e
n
ce
to
d
esig
n
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
.
S
co
r
eb
o
a
r
d
s
ca
n
b
e
d
y
n
am
ically
o
p
er
ate
d
d
u
r
in
g
a
s
im
u
latio
n
a
n
d
o
f
f
e
r
th
e
d
ec
id
in
g
f
ac
to
r
as
to
wh
et
h
er
a
test
ca
s
e
h
as
s
u
cc
ee
d
ed
o
r
f
ailed
.
W
h
en
ex
ec
u
tin
g
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
s
u
ites
o
f
te
s
t
ca
s
es,
th
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
lo
ca
ted
in
th
e
p
ass
/f
ail
lo
g
f
iles
.
Sti
m
u
li
ar
e
g
en
e
r
ate
d
u
s
in
g
r
a
n
d
o
m
p
atter
n
g
en
er
ato
r
s
to
m
atch
th
e
d
ata
m
em
b
er
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
in
th
e
b
ase
class
o
f
a
tr
an
s
ac
to
r
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ap
p
ly
c
o
m
p
lete
r
a
n
d
o
m
d
ata
to
a
b
u
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
l
m
o
d
el
(
B
FM)
th
at
in
ter
f
ac
e
s
with
th
e
DUT
,
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
p
atter
n
g
en
er
ato
r
p
r
o
v
id
es
t
h
e
d
ata.
I
n
ce
r
tain
in
s
tan
ce
s
,
th
e
d
ata
is
r
estricte
d
to
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
q
u
an
tity
o
f
u
s
eless
d
ata
th
at
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
.
A
r
ef
er
en
c
e
m
o
d
el
th
at
im
p
lem
e
n
ts
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
at
a
v
er
y
h
ig
h
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
a
b
s
tr
ac
tio
n
is
k
n
o
wn
as
a
“
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
lev
el
m
o
d
el,
”
o
r
T
L
M.
T
L
M
s
ar
e
o
f
ten
wr
itten
m
o
r
e
r
a
p
id
ly
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
tly
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
d
esire
d
f
u
n
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o
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ev
ice
is
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p
t
u
r
ed
at
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ac
ce
p
tab
le
lev
el
o
f
ab
s
tr
ac
tio
n
,
u
n
lik
e
R
T
L
co
d
e,
wh
ich
is
wr
itten
at
a
lo
w
lev
el
o
f
ab
s
tr
ac
tio
n
.
R
eg
r
ess
io
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
is
a
way
f
o
r
th
e
v
er
if
icatio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
to
em
p
h
asize
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
p
ec
if
ic
d
ata
th
at
m
a
y
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
b
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
e
r
20
24
:
6
1
9
5
-
6
2
0
3
6200
ex
tr
ap
o
lated
to
estab
lis
h
alter
n
ativ
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test
ca
s
e
r
esu
lts
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
c
o
m
p
ile
v
ar
io
u
s
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o
d
e
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o
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e
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in
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in
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s
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d
d
eter
m
in
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v
er
all
lev
el
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v
er
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i
v
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to
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DUT
,
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
r
u
n
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ar
e
co
m
b
in
ed
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
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O
N
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
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er
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et
h
o
d
o
lo
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lem
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te
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u
s
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s
y
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tem
Ver
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g
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clu
d
es
b
o
th
th
e
DUT
an
d
th
e
v
er
if
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n
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
d
esig
n
ed
in
th
e
s
am
e
l
an
g
u
ag
e
.
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h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
wav
ef
o
r
m
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
illu
s
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ates
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v
alu
e
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ein
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er
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et
m
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d
u
le,
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ic
h
is
th
en
co
r
r
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tly
en
co
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r
o
u
ted
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y
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e
eth
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et
b
lo
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.
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h
e
test
r
ep
o
r
t
s
n
ap
s
h
o
t
g
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n
er
ated
b
y
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e
M
o
d
elSim
[
2
4
]
to
o
l,
d
ep
icted
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Fig
u
r
e
5
,
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ata
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th
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ath
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ate
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e
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e
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ato
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m
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B
ased
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n
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test
co
m
p
ar
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n
s
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
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es th
e
co
v
er
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e
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Simu
latio
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wav
ef
o
r
m
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
est r
e
p
o
r
t g
e
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ate
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b
y
M
o
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to
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T
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er
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er
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d
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Sim
[
2
4
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s
h
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Fig
u
r
e
6
,
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r
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M
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eth
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
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ffective
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.
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M
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atter
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atter
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ely
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icatio
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tco
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o
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s
im
u
latio
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wav
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d
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ated
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ter
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ig
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r
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m
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.
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h
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k
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tak
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th
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icac
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s
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FSM
-
b
ased
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p
atter
n
g
en
er
atio
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o
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th
o
r
o
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g
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e
r
if
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ch
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th
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o
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tial
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m
p
lex
ity
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d
tim
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in
v
e
s
tm
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t
in
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ev
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p
in
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FS
M
m
o
d
els,
wh
ich
m
ay
p
o
s
e
s
ca
lab
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y
ch
allen
g
es
f
o
r
d
iv
e
r
s
e
FP
GA
d
esig
n
s
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
d
ir
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tio
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s
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ld
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lin
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M
m
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el
d
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e
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m
en
t
a
n
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e
x
ten
d
in
g
th
is
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
t
o
b
r
o
ad
e
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
with
in
FP
GA
tech
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o
lo
g
y
.
3
.
2
.
Co
m
pa
riso
n o
f
pro
po
s
ed
m
e
t
ho
d wit
h
ex
is
t
ing
m
et
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ds
T
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
p
r
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p
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ed
m
eth
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d
is
c
o
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ar
e
d
with
ex
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s
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
C
h
itti
et
a
l.
[
2
5
]
,
B
ab
u
an
d
Swar
o
o
p
[
2
6
]
,
Selv
ak
k
an
i
a
n
d
Ven
k
atesan
[
2
7
]
.
I
t
is
v
alid
ated
t
h
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
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h
ac
h
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ed
s
u
p
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r
p
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f
o
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m
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c
e
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
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g
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
p
e
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ce
n
tag
e
o
p
tim
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m
FS
M
v
alu
e
is
h
ig
h
i
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
p
r
o
p
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ed
m
eth
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d
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
ex
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tin
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
v
er
if
ica
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
ex
is
tin
g
[
2
5
]
–
[
2
7
]
wh
ic
h
is
s
h
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
T
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
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o
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tim
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m
FS
M
v
alu
e
is
h
ig
h
i
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
p
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p
o
s
ed
m
eth
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d
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
ex
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tin
g
m
eth
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d
s
.
Fro
m
wh
ich
it
ca
n
b
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s
ee
n
th
at
th
e
p
r
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p
o
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ed
m
eth
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d
o
l
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g
y
is
ab
le
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
ac
cu
r
ate
v
e
r
if
icatio
n
s
tr
a
teg
y
s
in
ce
we
ar
e
g
en
e
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atin
g
th
e
test
p
atter
n
s
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
u
p
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n
t
h
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FS
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m
o
d
els u
s
ed
in
th
e
d
esig
n
.
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ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
v
er
if
i
ca
tio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies with
ex
is
tin
g
tech
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iq
u
es
S
l
.
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o
.
A
u
t
h
o
r
s
P
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r
a
m
mi
n
g
La
n
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To
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p
t
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mu
m
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%
1
C
h
i
t
t
i
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t
a
l
.
[
2
5
]
S
y
st
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m V
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r
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l
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Q
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a
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m
9
1
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2
5
2
B
a
b
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w
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p
[
2
6
]
S
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+
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[
2
7
]
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4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
Pre
-
s
ilico
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v
er
if
icatio
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u
s
u
ally
m
o
r
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
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t
th
an
p
o
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t
-
s
ilico
n
v
er
if
icatio
n
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
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ed
a
n
o
v
el
v
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if
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n
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
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f
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a
n
E
th
e
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co
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tr
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ller
,
d
esig
n
e
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
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y
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tem
Ver
ilo
g
lan
g
u
ag
e
an
d
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
a
lay
er
ed
m
an
n
e
r
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
is
v
alid
ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
Mo
d
elSim
to
o
l,
wit
h
th
e
E
th
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et
co
n
tr
o
ller
b
lo
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er
v
in
g
as
th
e
DUT
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
v
er
if
icatio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies,
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
lev
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ag
es
a
s
tate
m
ac
h
in
e
m
o
d
el
to
g
e
n
er
ate
test
p
atter
n
s
an
d
v
er
if
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co
r
r
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a
s
p
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ic
FS
M
m
o
d
el
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
v
er
i
f
icatio
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p
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s
s
,
th
e
m
eth
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d
o
lo
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ac
h
iev
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a
co
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p
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I
t
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ticed
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at,
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p
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p
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b
etter
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
e
x
is
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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6202
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
T.
P
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n
g
,
T.
S
.
K
a
v
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a
,
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d
e
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sep
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,
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2
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s,
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n
f
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,
a
n
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m
m
u
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(
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C
EI
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)
,
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EEE,
Jan
.
2
0
2
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d
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.
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2
]
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.
Zo
u
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t
a
l
.
,
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Ti
m
e
-
d
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v
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mu
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t
h
AC
M/
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EE
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D
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si
g
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Au
t
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f
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)
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EEE,
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.
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.
[
3
]
K
.
D
e
v
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r
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e
g
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w
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a
,
L.
S
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v
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a
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k
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n
2
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2
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d
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[
4
]
I
.
G
r
o
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n
a
,
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c
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k
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b
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o
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Arc
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5
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A
.
M
a
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,
D
.
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e
,
C
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S
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2
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n
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A
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t
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(
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,
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[
6
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I
.
A
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me
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,
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.
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