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fit
s i
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K
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C
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Pro
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CC B
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C
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Sriv
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Dep
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titu
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Ka
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I
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an
d
.
s
r
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ac
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in
1.
I
NT
RO
D
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Data
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
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p
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s
a
v
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tim
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an
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o
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etwo
r
k
s
[
1
]
–
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
r
is
k
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
cy
b
e
r
ass
au
lts
o
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p
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ir
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m
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in
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er
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is
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h
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ized
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s
s
.
Data
b
r
ea
ch
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in
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th
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u
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la
wf
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ices
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ata
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co
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is
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co
n
f
id
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tiality
,
an
d
leg
al
r
am
if
icatio
n
s
[
4
]
–
[
6
]
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
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n
n
etwo
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k
s
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s
s
en
tial
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s
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p
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b
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tatio
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tr
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d
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tr
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ce
n
ter
s
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allo
win
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th
e
tr
an
s
f
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ata
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p
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th
r
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u
g
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o
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th
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en
tire
p
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w
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g
r
id
[
7
]
.
Po
wer
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s
tem
s
u
s
e
m
an
y
ess
en
tial
p
r
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to
co
ls
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tech
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o
lo
g
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to
en
s
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f
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d
ata
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a
n
s
f
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.
Su
p
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v
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c
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tr
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d
ata
ac
q
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is
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SC
ADA
)
s
y
s
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,
f
o
r
in
s
tan
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,
ar
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p
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tal
f
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ata
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llectio
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d
c
o
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tr
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l
with
in
p
o
wer
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etwo
r
k
s
.
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n
tellig
en
t
elec
tr
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n
i
c
d
ev
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(
I
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Ds)
ar
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p
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itio
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in
s
u
b
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s
tatio
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s
an
d
o
th
er
im
p
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tan
t
ar
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s
to
co
llect
a
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d
tr
an
s
f
er
d
ata
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ce
n
tr
alize
d
co
n
tr
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l
ce
n
ter
s
f
o
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p
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p
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s
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f
m
o
n
ito
r
i
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g
an
d
a
n
aly
s
is
[
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
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&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
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S
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d
a
ta
tr
a
n
s
mis
s
io
n
in
p
o
w
er sys
tems u
s
in
g
b
lo
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ch
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i
n
tech
n
o
l
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…
(
A
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a
n
d
S
r
iva
t
s
a
)
6171
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
v
ar
i
o
u
s
co
m
m
u
n
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p
r
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t
o
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g
d
is
tr
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ted
n
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DNP3
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I
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C
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s
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d
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m
s
[
9
]
.
Ho
wev
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,
d
esp
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th
e
ad
v
an
t
ag
es
o
f
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
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io
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in
p
o
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s
y
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s
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
v
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l
n
er
ab
ilit
ies
p
o
s
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
allen
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es.
Un
au
th
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ized
in
ter
ce
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tio
n
o
f
d
ata
d
u
r
in
g
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
ca
n
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
e
th
e
(
C
I
A
tr
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d
)
i
n
teg
r
ity
,
c
o
n
f
i
d
en
tiality
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an
d
a
v
ailab
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y
o
f
p
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s
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ata.
E
n
cr
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tio
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d
s
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r
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
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to
c
o
ls
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e
ess
en
tial
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m
itig
ate
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
d
ata
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v
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r
o
p
p
in
g
[
1
0
]
.
M
o
r
eo
v
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r
,
h
ac
k
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m
ay
attem
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s
io
n
,
lead
in
g
to
in
ac
c
u
r
ate
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
o
r
co
n
tr
o
l
d
ir
ec
tiv
es
th
at
co
u
ld
d
is
r
u
p
t
th
e
elec
tr
ical
s
y
s
tem
o
r
ca
u
s
e
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
f
ailu
r
es.
T
ec
h
n
i
q
u
es
s
u
ch
as
d
ig
ital
s
ig
n
atu
r
es
ca
n
h
elp
en
s
u
r
e
d
at
a
in
teg
r
ity
an
d
p
r
ev
en
t
u
n
au
th
o
r
ized
d
ata
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
[
1
1
]
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
s
ec
u
r
ity
co
n
ce
r
n
s
a
n
d
en
h
a
n
c
e
d
ata
in
teg
r
ity
in
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
,
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
e
m
er
g
ed
as
a
b
etter
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
s
u
ch
s
ec
u
r
ity
h
u
r
d
les,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ex
ch
an
g
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
o
v
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
i
n
cy
b
er
g
r
id
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
E
x
p
er
i
m
en
tal
r
esu
lts
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
in
ter
m
s
o
f
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
th
is
h
as b
ee
n
em
p
h
asized
b
y
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
in
th
eir
p
a
p
er
,
h
i
g
h
lig
h
t
in
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
b
ased
s
o
lu
tio
n
i
n
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
4
]
.
Av
o
id
i
n
g
tam
p
er
in
g
o
f
d
ata
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
m
ain
ch
ain
o
f
th
e
b
l
o
ck
ch
ai
n
p
r
eser
v
in
g
th
e
i
n
teg
r
ity
[
1
5
]
.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
is
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
led
g
er
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
DL
T
)
th
at
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
s
eg
r
eg
ated
ta
m
p
er
-
p
r
o
o
f
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
,
g
u
a
r
an
teein
g
th
e
p
er
m
an
en
ce
a
n
d
s
af
ety
o
f
d
ata
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
o
n
th
e
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
.
B
y
lev
er
ag
in
g
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
,
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
h
a
v
e
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
r
eliab
le
an
d
o
p
en
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
an
d
s
to
r
in
g
d
ata,
en
h
a
n
cin
g
d
ata
in
teg
r
ity
a
n
d
v
alid
atio
n
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
H
o
wev
er
,
t
h
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
o
f
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
r
em
ain
s
a
k
ey
ch
alle
n
g
e,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
h
an
d
lin
g
t
h
e
m
ass
iv
e
v
o
l
u
m
es
o
f
d
ata
g
en
er
ated
b
y
p
o
wer
g
r
id
s
[
1
8
]
.
Pro
o
f
o
f
s
tak
e
(
Po
S)
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
less
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
in
ten
s
iv
e
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
p
r
o
o
f
o
f
wo
r
k
(
Po
W
)
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
f
e
r
p
o
te
n
tial
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
f
o
r
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
-
b
ased
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
in
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
u
ch
as
h
y
b
r
id
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
u
s
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
clu
s
ter
in
g
m
o
d
els
s
u
ch
as
k
-
m
ea
n
s
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
v
ec
to
r
,
u
p
g
r
ad
ed
co
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
al
n
e
u
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
m
u
ltio
b
jectiv
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
,
an
d
em
p
ir
ical
m
o
d
e
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
[
2
1
]
–
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
ese
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
lev
er
ag
e
s
im
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
eir
ef
f
e
ctiv
en
e
s
s
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
eir
p
o
ten
tia
l
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
l
d
ap
p
licatio
n
.
E
v
en
th
o
u
g
h
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ce
r
tain
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
aim
s
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
f
ield
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
a
s
ec
u
r
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
f
o
r
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
b
etwe
en
n
o
d
es
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
m
ess
ag
e
co
n
f
id
en
t
iality
an
d
in
teg
r
ity
[
2
4
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
lo
o
k
ed
in
to
b
o
th
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
o
f
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
a
c
o
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
n
we
ex
p
lo
r
e
d
o
th
er
way
s
to
s
ee
if
m
itig
atio
n
o
f
f
alse
d
ata
i
n
jectio
n
(
FDI
)
attac
k
wh
ich
o
t
h
er
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
m
en
tio
n
e
d
i
n
th
eir
wo
r
k
.
T
h
en
we
lo
o
k
e
d
in
to
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
f
in
d
an
o
p
tim
al
s
o
lu
tio
n
wh
ich
tak
es
ca
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
tr
iad
(
C
I
A)
.
T
h
e
s
alien
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
ite
m
ized
as
f
o
llo
ws:
i)
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
wo
r
k
u
tili
ze
s
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
d
ata
f
o
r
an
o
b
s
er
v
at
io
n
b
etwe
en
Po
S a
n
d
p
r
o
o
f
o
f
wo
r
d
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
o
f
b
lo
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
ed
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
;
ii)
I
t
i
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
Po
S
is
a
s
u
p
er
io
r
ch
o
ice
f
o
r
ad
d
in
g
a
s
in
g
le
b
lo
ck
o
f
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
r
o
o
f
o
f
wo
r
k
,
s
in
ce
it
n
ee
d
s
less
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
Po
S
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
r
em
o
v
es
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
p
r
ef
ix
-
b
ased
h
ash
i
n
g
,
i
n
co
n
tr
ast
to
t
h
e
Po
W
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
m
ec
h
an
is
m
;
an
d
iii)
Usi
n
g
b
l
o
ck
ch
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
i
n
th
is
wo
r
k
we
ca
n
p
r
e
v
en
t
f
alse
d
ata
i
n
jectio
n
attac
k
(
FDI
A)
d
u
e
to
th
e
co
m
p
le
x
ity
o
f
h
ash
i
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
2.
AL
G
O
RI
T
H
M
Ma
n
y
ex
is
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
s
ec
u
r
e
d
ata
tr
an
s
f
er
f
ail
to
ad
eq
u
ately
a
d
d
r
ess
all
ch
allen
g
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
is
s
u
es
lik
e
d
ata
m
an
ip
u
latio
n
d
u
r
in
g
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
m
ain
tain
in
g
d
ata
in
teg
r
ity
.
T
h
e
th
r
ea
t
o
f
FDI
at
b
o
th
en
d
s
o
f
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
,
as
it
ca
n
lead
to
s
k
ewe
d
p
r
ed
icti
o
n
s
an
d
in
ac
c
u
r
ate
o
u
tco
m
es
[
2
5
]
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
ch
allen
g
e,
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
m
ec
h
an
is
m
wh
er
eb
y
m
u
ltip
le
n
o
d
es
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
v
o
tin
g
an
d
s
tak
e
th
eir
cr
ed
ib
il
ity
in
u
p
d
atin
g
th
e
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
with
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
Po
S
s
y
s
tem
,
tr
an
s
a
ctio
n
s
with
th
e
h
ig
h
est
s
tak
e
ar
e
g
iv
en
p
r
io
r
ity
f
o
r
in
clu
s
io
n
in
th
e
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
.
E
ac
h
n
o
d
e
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tes
g
as
to
v
o
te
an
d
f
in
alize
b
lo
c
k
in
clu
s
io
n
,
with
th
e
ch
ain
p
r
o
m
p
tly
u
p
d
atin
g
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
in
g
o
th
e
r
n
o
d
es o
f
a
n
y
ch
an
g
es m
ad
e.
T
h
is
b
lo
c
k
c
h
a
in
-
b
as
ed
s
o
l
u
t
io
n
wi
ll
b
e
r
ea
d
il
y
ac
ce
s
s
i
b
l
e
t
o
n
o
d
es
u
ti
liz
in
g
SC
A
DA
f
o
r
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
,
e
n
s
u
r
i
n
g
i
m
m
ed
iat
e
a
cc
ess
t
o
p
u
r
i
f
ie
d
d
at
a
a
n
d
s
u
b
s
e
q
u
e
n
t
s
ta
g
es
i
n
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
P
o
S
o
p
e
r
at
es
s
im
il
ar
ly
t
o
e
ar
n
i
n
g
i
n
t
e
r
est
o
n
d
e
p
o
s
it
ed
f
u
n
d
s
,
r
e
wa
r
d
in
g
p
a
r
ti
ci
p
a
n
ts
b
ase
d
o
n
t
h
e
am
o
u
n
t
a
n
d
d
u
r
ati
o
n
o
f
th
e
ir
h
o
ld
in
g
s
[
2
6
]
.
I
n
th
is
m
o
d
el
,
s
ta
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
r
e
ce
i
v
e
i
n
t
e
r
est
a
k
i
n
t
o
a
b
a
n
k
'
s
i
n
te
r
es
t
o
n
d
e
p
o
s
it
ed
f
u
n
d
s
,
in
c
e
n
ti
v
i
zi
n
g
p
a
r
ti
ci
p
ati
o
n
a
n
d
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
n
et
wo
r
k
s
ec
u
r
it
y
.
No
ta
b
l
y
,
w
h
il
e
t
h
e
b
it
co
in
n
etw
o
r
k
'
s
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
is
s
ig
n
i
f
i
ca
n
t
,
ef
f
o
r
ts
t
o
c
o
n
s
e
r
v
e
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
s
it
u
at
in
g
m
in
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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2
0
8
8
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I
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t J E
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&
C
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g
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Vo
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14
,
No
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6
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Dec
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20
24
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6
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6172
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ased
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2
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ated
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ay
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in
as
a
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r
d
,
as st
ated
in
(
4
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
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6173
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ataset
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s
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to
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am
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ased
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ata.
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ased
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Ad
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
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C
o
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p
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,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
e
r
20
24
:
6
1
7
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-
6
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1
6174
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am
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ata
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I
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3
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2
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u
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7
,
in
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o
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ata
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ated
at
th
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s
u
b
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tatio
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.
T
h
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s
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tatio
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as a
n
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p
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ticip
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cr
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tio
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ased
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k
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cr
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as b
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ted
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
e
r
20
24
:
6
1
7
0
-
6
1
8
1
6176
W
h
ile
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
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in
an
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
b
u
s
in
ess
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
e
co
n
s
e
n
s
u
s
h
as
s
h
o
wn
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
co
n
v
er
tin
g
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
s
in
to
b
lo
ck
s
o
n
th
e
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
.
T
h
ese
b
lo
ck
s
m
ay
eith
er
b
e
k
ep
t c
en
tr
ally
o
r
b
y
ea
ch
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
n
o
d
e
in
a
ce
r
tain
zo
n
e
.
I
n
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
,
o
n
e
m
u
s
t h
av
e
a
s
u
f
f
icien
t stak
e
o
r
p
r
io
r
ity
n
u
m
b
er
to
b
e
elig
ib
le
as a
v
alid
ato
r
o
n
a
Po
S
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
an
d
b
e
allo
c
ated
th
e
d
u
ty
o
f
a
b
lo
ck
b
u
ild
er
.
Fig
u
r
es
8
a
n
d
9
d
ep
ict
t
h
e
s
im
u
lated
r
esu
lt
o
f
r
u
n
n
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
in
t
h
e
g
iv
en
co
n
tex
t.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
Po
W
,
m
in
er
s
a
r
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
m
ak
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
in
v
estme
n
ts
in
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
g
ea
r
an
d
b
ea
r
th
e
b
u
r
d
en
o
f
p
ay
in
g
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
en
e
r
g
y
ex
p
en
d
itu
r
es
to
o
p
er
ate
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
s
th
at
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
.
I
n
o
u
r
s
ce
n
ar
io
o
f
p
o
wer
s
tatio
n
n
o
d
es,
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
r
o
b
lem
in
a
Po
S
s
y
s
tem
m
a
y
n
o
t
b
e
ap
p
licab
le.
A
clu
s
ter
o
f
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
s
m
ay
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
a
n
o
d
e,
with
o
n
e
o
f
th
em
ass
u
m
in
g
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
a
lead
er
n
o
d
e.
T
h
e
lea
d
er
n
o
d
e
is
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
a
g
g
r
e
g
atin
g
th
e
d
ata
an
d
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
in
a
v
o
te/s
tak
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
b
ec
o
m
e
a
b
lo
ck
m
ak
er
in
th
e
b
lo
c
k
ch
ain
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
ity
o
f
th
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
m
ay
n
o
t b
e
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
ed
b
y
a
5
1
% a
s
s
au
lt.
Si
m
ilar
ly
,
b
lo
ck
ch
ai
n
is
u
p
d
ated
af
ter
ad
d
in
g
a
n
ew
b
lo
ck
af
ter
r
u
n
n
in
g
Po
S.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Po
S
d
ataset
as b
lo
ck
f
o
r
Kir
u
g
av
u
la
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Po
S d
ataset
as b
lo
ck
f
o
r
J
y
o
t
h
in
ag
ar
a
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
ese
two
a
g
r
ee
m
en
ts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
Po
S
en
h
an
ce
d
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
g
en
er
atin
g
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
b
lo
ck
s
f
o
r
in
clu
s
io
n
in
th
e
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
.
Pre
f
ix
was
s
et
to
s
ev
en
f
o
r
Po
W
y
ield
ed
a
q
u
an
tifia
b
le
o
u
tco
m
e.
Fo
r
a
l
o
w
p
r
ef
ix
,
it
was
f
ar
lo
wer
,
e
v
en
o
n
a
lo
ca
l
co
m
p
u
ter
.
On
e
p
o
in
t
p
u
t
f
o
r
war
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
o
u
r
in
q
u
ir
y
was
t
h
at
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
p
r
ef
i
x
wo
u
ld
b
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le.
Ou
r
wo
r
k
s
h
o
wed
t
h
at
it
wo
u
ld
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
tim
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
cr
ea
tin
g
th
e
b
lo
ck
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
in
o
u
r
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
,
it
is
m
o
r
e
ad
v
an
tag
eo
u
s
to
u
s
e
a
m
o
r
e
ad
v
an
ce
d
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
wh
ich
b
lo
ck
c
r
ea
tio
n
i
s
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
o
f
ce
r
tain
n
o
d
es.
T
h
is
was
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
Po
S
m
ec
h
an
is
m
in
s
tead
o
f
Po
W
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
a
clo
s
ed
n
et
o
f
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
n
o
d
es,
Po
W
m
ay
b
e
ac
ce
p
tab
le.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
Po
S
i
s
m
o
r
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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I
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&
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m
p
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,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
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6
,
Dec
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b
e
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20
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ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
w
h
er
e
s
ev
er
al
s
u
b
-
n
o
d
es
ar
e
in
v
o
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.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
s
h
o
wn
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Fig
u
r
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1
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illu
s
tr
ates
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e
co
n
s
t
an
t
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
n
atu
r
e
o
f
b
lo
ck
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
in
Po
S,
as
in
d
icate
d
b
y
th
e
y
ello
w
lin
e.
E
x
p
er
im
en
tatio
n
o
f
v
ar
y
i
n
g
p
r
ef
ix
es
f
r
o
m
f
i
v
e
to
s
ev
e
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
it
m
ay
co
n
s
id
er
ab
ly
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
tim
e
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
f
o
r
b
l
o
ck
g
e
n
er
atio
n
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
it
r
e
m
ain
s
lack
in
g
in
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
tim
elin
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
Po
S v
s
Po
W
s
h
o
ws a
9
0
% r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
b
lo
c
k
s
wh
en
Po
S is
u
s
ed
.
R
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
h
av
e
s
ee
n
a
g
r
o
win
g
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
o
f
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
f
o
r
s
tr
o
n
g
an
d
ad
a
p
tab
le
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
ea
s
u
r
es
in
in
tr
icate
s
y
s
tem
s
lik
e
p
o
wer
g
r
id
s
.
A
r
an
g
e
o
f
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
ea
s
u
r
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
in
v
esti
g
ated
an
d
p
u
t
in
to
p
r
ac
tice,
ea
ch
with
d
is
tin
ct
b
en
ef
its
an
d
d
if
f
icu
lties
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
u
n
d
er
ta
k
es
an
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
m
an
y
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
with
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
em
p
h
asis
o
n
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
-
b
as
ed
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
u
ch
as
ad
v
an
ce
d
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
(
AE
S)
,
R
iv
est
-
Sh
am
ir
-
Ad
lem
an
(
R
SA)
,
s
ec
u
r
e
m
u
ltip
ar
ty
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
(
SMPC
)
,
an
d
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
.
B
lo
ck
ch
ain
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
h
as
in
tr
ig
u
in
g
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
lik
e
d
ec
en
tr
aliza
tio
n
,
im
m
u
tab
ilit
y
,
an
d
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
elim
in
atio
n
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
f
ailu
r
e
a
n
d
th
e
g
u
ar
an
tee
o
f
im
m
u
tab
ilit
y
o
f
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
d
ata,
b
lo
ck
c
h
ain
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
s
ec
u
r
ity
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
is
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
m
ig
h
t
r
esu
lt
in
d
el
ay
s
as
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
ex
p
an
d
s
,
an
d
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
t
o
h
an
d
le
h
i
g
h
er
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
v
o
l
u
m
es b
ec
o
m
es a
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
estab
lis
h
ed
tr
u
s
two
r
th
in
ess
o
f
tr
ad
itio
n
a
l
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
,
s
u
ch
as
AE
S
an
d
R
SA,
h
av
e
led
to
th
eir
wid
esp
r
ea
d
u
s
e.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
ey
n
ee
d
ca
r
ef
u
l
k
ey
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t,
an
d
th
e
s
to
r
in
g
o
f
k
ey
s
in
a
ce
n
tr
alize
d
lo
ca
tio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
in
g
le
p
o
in
t
o
f
f
ailu
r
e.
SMPC
an
d
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
m
et
h
o
d
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
tr
ict
s
ec
r
ec
y
an
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
o
f
d
ata.
SM
PC
g
u
ar
an
tees
th
e
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
o
f
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
an
d
d
ata
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
b
u
t
with
th
e
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
o
f
h
ig
h
er
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
co
m
p
lex
ity
a
n
d
p
r
o
to
co
l
c
o
m
p
lex
ities
.
Ho
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
en
a
b
les
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
with
o
u
t
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
d
ec
r
y
p
tio
n
,
th
er
ef
o
r
e
p
r
eser
v
in
g
s
ec
r
ec
y
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
cr
ea
tes
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
o
v
er
h
ea
d
an
d
p
r
esen
ts
p
r
ac
ti
ca
l
d
if
f
icu
lties
.
T
h
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
ea
ch
with
u
n
iq
u
e
ad
v
an
tag
es
an
d
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
in
tr
icate
n
atu
r
e
o
f
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
in
g
ex
ten
s
iv
e,
d
ec
e
n
tr
alize
d
s
y
s
tem
s
s
u
ch
as
elec
tr
icity
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
T
a
b
le
3
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
co
n
cise
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
a
d
v
an
tag
es a
n
d
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
B
lo
ck
cr
ea
tio
n
tim
e
ch
ar
t
T
ab
le
3.
Pro
s
an
d
co
n
s
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t secu
r
ity
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
s
S
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
i
mp
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
P
r
o
s
C
o
n
s
B
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
b
a
se
d
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
−
D
e
c
e
n
t
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
C
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N:
2088
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8
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8
S
ec
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d
a
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tr
a
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mis
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p
o
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er sys
tems u
s
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6179
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
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T
h
r
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u
g
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r
s
tu
d
y
,
we
h
av
e
u
n
co
v
er
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d
s
ev
er
al
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
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itti
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tech
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ata
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ip
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ata.
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s
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ain
tech
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lo
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h
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s
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ig
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if
ican
tly
e
n
h
an
ce
d
th
e
p
r
eser
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o
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ata
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teg
r
ity
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ated
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tin
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n
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en
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e
o
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e
n
tails
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s
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b
s
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tial
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o
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n
t
o
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co
m
p
u
tatio
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an
d
en
er
g
y
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wev
e
r
,
we
m
a
y
s
till
u
s
e
th
is
ag
r
ee
m
en
t,
s
in
ce
it
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
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a
c
o
n
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n
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ir
o
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m
en
t,
u
n
lik
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itco
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w
h
ich
o
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ates
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r
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Po
S
is
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s
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p
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ch
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ice
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r
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r
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atin
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at
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ated
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ter
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as
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ig
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lev
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im
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ata
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icien
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h
s
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alu
ate
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d
in
c
o
r
p
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ate
it
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to
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e
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lo
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k
ch
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b
lo
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k
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e
o
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s
er
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g
tem
p
o
r
al
c
o
m
p
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ity
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d
s
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ity
is
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at
th
er
e
is
a
t
r
ad
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f
f
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etwe
en
th
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two
.
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f
we
p
r
io
r
itize
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ec
u
r
ity
,
it
will
tak
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
am
o
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n
t
o
f
tim
e
to
im
p
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t
ch
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k
s
an
d
b
alan
ce
s
.
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th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
if
we
wan
t
to
ad
d
b
lo
c
k
s
to
th
e
ch
ai
n
q
u
ic
k
ly
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
will b
e
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
ed
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
d
ir
e
ctio
n
s
ar
e,
lim
itatio
n
o
f
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
i
s
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
a
f
alse
d
at
a
in
jectio
n
attac
k
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
d
ata
to
o
th
er
n
o
d
es
b
ef
o
r
e
it
is
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
b
lo
ck
s
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
cr
ea
ted
d
ata
its
elf
m
ay
b
e
in
co
r
r
ec
t.
R
ec
r
ea
tin
g
in
ac
cu
r
ate
d
ata
th
at
clo
s
ely
r
esem
b
les
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
d
ata
m
ay
b
e
d
if
f
icu
lt,
esp
ec
ial
ly
if
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
in
clu
d
e
n
u
m
er
ical
v
alu
es.
T
h
e
p
r
o
s
p
ec
ts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
in
clu
d
e
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
e
x
am
in
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
eg
en
er
atio
n
o
f
f
ab
r
icate
d
d
ata
p
r
io
r
t
o
its
in
clu
s
io
n
as
a
b
lo
ck
.
Sm
ar
t
co
n
tr
ac
ts
ar
e
s
u
s
ce
p
tib
le
to
wea
k
n
ess
es,
s
in
ce
th
e
y
a
r
e
d
ep
lo
y
e
d
as
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
m
ay
b
e
tar
g
eted
b
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ab
le
attac
k
s
.
I
f
h
i
g
h
-
s
p
ee
d
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
is
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
,
it
m
a
y
b
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
s
tr
ateg
y
to
en
s
u
r
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
an
d
s
p
ee
d
.
Sh
o
u
ld
l
o
o
k
in
to
h
o
w
n
o
d
e
s
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
s
ca
lab
le
in
c
r
ea
tin
g
b
lo
ck
s
with
o
u
t c
o
m
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
o
n
th
e
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
k
ee
p
in
g
it secu
r
e
an
d
r
eliab
le.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
M
.
E.
E
l
-
H
a
w
a
r
y
,
“
T
h
e
sm
a
r
t
g
r
i
d
—
s
t
a
t
e
-
of
-
t
h
e
-
a
r
t
a
n
d
f
u
t
u
r
e
t
r
e
n
d
s,”
E
l
e
c
t
ri
c
P
o
w
e
r
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
a
n
d
S
y
st
e
m
s
,
v
o
l
.
4
2
,
n
o
.
3
–
4
,
p
p
.
2
3
9
–
2
5
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[
2
]
N
.
K
a
u
r
a
n
d
S
.
B
h
a
l
l
a
,
“
C
o
m
b
i
n
e
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
h
a
r
v
e
st
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
a
l
h
e
a
l
t
h
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
o
f
e
m
b
e
d
d
e
d
p
i
e
z
o
-
c
o
n
c
r
e
t
e
v
i
b
r
a
t
i
o
n
se
n
so
r
s
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
n
e
r
g
y
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[
3
]
M
.
S
.
M
a
h
m
o
o
d
a
n
d
N
.
B
.
A
l
D
a
b
a
g
,
“
B
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.