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Adv
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2252
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Ma
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I
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Attack
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[
1
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.
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2
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So
p
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s
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v
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d
ar
tific
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i
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AI
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p
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k
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[
1
]
.
Face
b
o
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k
an
d
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th
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r
s
o
cial
m
ed
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s
ites
ar
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ticu
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.
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m
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less
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lik
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to
f
all
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th
e
p
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is
h
in
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ca
m
.
User
s
f
in
d
it
m
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ch
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ar
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to
d
is
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is
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AI
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
User
p
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Jo
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tech
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f
o
r
Face
b
o
o
k
wh
en
its
u
s
er
s
’
b
ec
o
m
e
tar
g
ets
o
f
s
u
ch
attac
k
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
t
o
d
elv
e
in
to
th
e
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
co
n
ce
r
n
s
o
f
Face
b
o
o
k
u
s
er
s
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
p
h
is
h
in
g
attac
k
s
.
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
p
h
is
h
in
g
attac
k
s
o
f
ten
em
p
lo
y
e
v
asio
n
tactics
to
b
y
p
ass
estab
lis
h
ed
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
ea
s
u
r
es
an
d
ev
ad
e
d
etec
tio
n
.
Ph
is
h
in
g
co
n
ten
t
ca
n
b
e
s
u
b
tly
alter
e
d
u
s
in
g
ad
v
er
s
ar
ial
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
m
ak
in
g
it
d
if
f
icu
lt
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
y
s
tem
s
to
id
en
tify
an
d
p
r
ev
en
t
s
u
ch
attac
k
s
[
3
]
.
T
h
ese
tactics
ex
p
lo
it
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
ies
in
s
ec
u
r
ity
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
an
d
s
y
s
tem
s
,
p
o
s
in
g
ch
all
en
g
es
in
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
d
ete
ctin
g
an
d
m
itig
atin
g
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
p
h
is
h
in
g
attac
k
s
.
AI
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ca
n
au
to
m
ati
ca
lly
g
en
er
ate
p
h
is
h
in
g
co
n
te
n
t,
s
u
ch
as
em
ails
,
tex
ts
,
o
r
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
p
o
s
ts
th
at
clo
s
ely
r
esem
b
le
le
g
itima
te
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
t
r
u
s
ted
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
B
y
lear
n
in
g
p
atter
n
s
an
d
lin
g
u
i
s
tic
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
f
r
o
m
ex
t
en
s
iv
e
d
atasets
o
f
r
ea
l
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
,
th
ese
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ca
n
cr
ea
te
h
ig
h
l
y
c
o
n
v
in
cin
g
p
h
is
h
in
g
co
n
ten
t th
at
d
ec
eiv
es u
n
s
u
s
p
ec
tin
g
in
d
iv
id
u
als.
Sp
ea
r
p
h
is
h
in
g
,
a
tar
g
eted
f
o
r
m
o
f
p
h
is
h
in
g
,
aim
s
to
d
ec
ei
v
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
r
o
r
g
an
iz
atio
n
s
.
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
s
p
ea
r
p
h
is
h
in
g
attac
k
s
u
tili
ze
m
ac
h
i
n
e
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
g
ath
er
an
d
an
al
y
z
e
lar
g
e
v
o
lu
m
es
o
f
p
u
b
licly
av
ailab
le
d
ata
ab
o
u
t
th
e
tar
g
et,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
p
o
s
ts
,
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
p
r
o
f
il
es,
o
r
n
ews
ar
ticle
s
[
4
]
.
Per
s
o
n
alize
d
p
h
is
h
in
g
m
ess
ag
es
ar
e
th
en
cr
af
te
d
b
ased
o
n
th
is
d
ata,
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
d
ec
ep
tio
n
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
AI
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ca
n
b
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
id
e
n
tify
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
ze
p
h
is
h
in
g
k
its
,
wh
ich
ar
e
p
r
e
-
ass
em
b
led
co
lle
ctio
n
s
o
f
to
o
ls
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
u
s
ed
b
y
attac
k
er
s
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
p
h
is
h
in
g
ca
m
p
aig
n
s
.
B
y
lev
er
ag
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
i
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
t
o
id
e
n
tify
p
att
er
n
s
,
s
ig
n
atu
r
es,
an
d
b
e
h
av
io
r
al
tr
aits
ass
o
ciate
d
with
p
h
is
h
in
g
k
its
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
ex
p
er
ts
ca
n
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
d
et
ec
t
an
d
co
u
n
ter
ac
t p
h
is
h
in
g
attem
p
ts
.
AI
-
p
o
wer
e
d
p
h
is
h
in
g
attac
k
s
f
r
e
q
u
en
tly
e
m
p
lo
y
e
v
asio
n
tactics
to
cir
cu
m
v
en
t
estab
lis
h
ed
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
ea
s
u
r
es
an
d
av
o
id
d
etec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
tle
m
o
d
if
ic
atio
n
s
m
ad
e
to
p
h
is
h
in
g
c
o
n
te
n
t
u
s
in
g
ad
v
er
s
ar
ial
m
ac
h
in
e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
p
r
esen
t
ch
allen
g
es
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
y
s
tem
s
in
ac
cu
r
ately
id
en
tify
in
g
a
n
d
th
war
tin
g
s
u
ch
attac
k
s
.
T
h
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
an
d
p
r
e
v
en
tio
n
o
f
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
p
h
is
h
in
g
att
ac
k
s
ar
e
f
u
r
th
e
r
co
m
p
licated
b
y
th
ese
tactics,
ca
p
italizin
g
o
n
wea
k
n
ess
es in
s
ec
u
r
ity
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
an
d
s
y
s
tem
s
.
A
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
k
n
o
w
n
as
C
T
aim
s
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
r
elia
b
ilit
y
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
d
ig
ital
c
er
tific
ates
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
ec
u
r
e
o
n
lin
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
t
r
an
s
p
ar
en
t
lo
g
o
f
all
is
s
u
ed
ce
r
tific
ates
th
at
i
s
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
to
th
e
p
u
b
lic
[
4
]
.
T
h
is
en
ab
les
ea
r
ly
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
m
itig
atio
n
o
f
f
r
a
u
d
u
le
n
t
o
r
u
n
a
u
th
o
r
ize
d
ce
r
tific
ates.
Un
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
an
d
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
C
T
is
cr
u
cial
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
ce
r
tific
ate
-
r
elate
d
v
u
ln
er
ab
ilit
ies
an
d
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
a
m
o
r
e
s
ec
u
r
e
o
n
lin
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
I
n
a
p
u
b
lic
k
e
y
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
(
PKI
)
,
d
i
g
ital
ce
r
tific
ates
s
er
v
e
as
cr
y
p
to
g
r
a
p
h
ic
ar
tifa
cts
th
at
v
alid
ate
th
e
in
teg
r
ity
an
d
a
u
th
en
ticity
o
f
d
ig
ital
en
titi
es,
s
u
ch
as
s
er
v
er
s
,
web
s
ites
,
an
d
in
d
iv
id
u
als.
T
h
ese
ce
r
tific
ates,
is
s
u
ed
b
y
tr
u
s
ted
ce
r
tific
ate
au
th
o
r
ities
(
C
As),
co
n
tain
p
u
b
lic
k
e
y
s
,
id
en
tity
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
a
n
d
o
th
er
r
elev
an
t
d
ata.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
m
a
n
ag
in
g
ce
r
tific
ates
p
o
s
es
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
r
is
k
s
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
is
s
u
an
ce
o
f
u
n
au
th
o
r
ized
o
r
f
r
a
u
d
u
len
t
ce
r
tific
ates
d
u
e
to
er
r
o
r
s
o
r
m
alicio
u
s
ac
tio
n
s
b
y
C
As,
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
t
h
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
tr
u
s
two
r
th
in
ess
o
f
o
n
lin
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
.
No
wad
ay
s
,
Face
b
o
o
k
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
u
b
iq
u
ito
u
s
s
o
cial
m
ed
i
a
p
latf
o
r
m
th
at
is
ex
ten
s
iv
ely
u
s
ed
in
o
u
r
d
aily
liv
es.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
t
h
e
a
r
ticle
'
Ma
lay
s
ia
So
cial
Me
d
ia
Statis
t
ics
an
d
Facts
2
0
2
3
,
'
a
s
tag
g
er
in
g
8
3
.
8
%
o
f
in
ter
n
et
u
s
er
s
in
Ma
lay
s
ia
u
tili
ze
Face
b
o
o
k
.
T
h
is
s
tatis
tic
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t r
o
le
Face
b
o
o
k
p
la
y
s
in
o
u
r
liv
es
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
im
p
ac
t
o
f
p
h
is
h
in
g
attac
k
s
o
n
th
is
p
latf
o
r
m
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
h
ig
h
ly
d
etr
im
en
tal.
Giv
en
th
e
r
ap
id
a
d
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
in
AI
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
it
b
eg
s
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
:
ar
e
w
e,
as
Face
b
o
o
k
u
s
er
s
,
ad
eq
u
ately
p
r
ep
a
r
ed
to
d
ef
e
n
d
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
ly
s
o
p
h
i
s
ticated
an
d
elu
s
iv
e
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
p
h
is
h
in
g
attac
k
s
th
at
p
o
s
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
th
r
ea
t
t
o
o
u
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
?
W
h
ile
Face
b
o
o
k
cu
r
r
en
tly
em
p
lo
y
s
th
e
C
T
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
to
o
l
t
o
co
m
b
at
c
y
b
er
-
attac
k
s
,
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
,
an
d
e
f
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
is
to
o
l
in
d
etec
tin
g
a
n
d
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
p
h
is
h
in
g
attac
k
s
o
n
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
n
e
ce
s
s
itate
s
f
u
r
th
er
ex
am
in
atio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
C
T
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
t
o
o
l
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
en
h
a
n
ce
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
b
o
ls
ter
th
e
p
r
ev
en
ti
o
n
o
f
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
p
h
is
h
in
g
attac
k
s
o
n
Face
b
o
o
k
.
B
y
d
o
in
g
s
o
,
we
c
an
s
tr
en
g
th
en
th
e
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
Face
b
o
o
k
u
s
er
s
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
th
eir
s
af
ety
wh
ile
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
.
T
o
v
is
u
ally
d
ep
ict
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
eses
,
a
h
y
p
o
th
esis
r
esear
ch
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
p
r
esen
te
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
an
d
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
ese
elem
en
ts
co
llectiv
ely
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
a
n
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
a
s
y
s
tem
atic
an
d
co
h
e
r
en
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
.
i)
R
H1
:
t
h
e
im
p
lem
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
th
e
C
T
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
to
o
l
h
as
h
ad
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
d
e
f
en
s
e
ag
ain
s
t
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
p
h
is
h
in
g
attac
k
s
o
n
Face
b
o
o
k
;
ii)
R
H2
:
u
s
er
s
'
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
Face
b
o
o
k
'
s
b
r
an
d
r
ep
u
tatio
n
is
n
eg
ativ
ely
af
f
ec
ted
wh
en
t
h
ey
f
all
v
ictim
t
o
AI
-
p
o
wer
e
d
p
h
is
h
in
g
attac
k
s
;
iii)
R
H3
:
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
p
h
is
h
in
g
attac
k
s
o
n
Face
b
o
o
k
h
u
r
t
th
e
f
in
an
cial
well
-
b
ein
g
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
als
an
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
;
a
n
d
iv
)
R
H4
:
Face
b
o
o
k
u
s
er
s
p
e
r
ce
iv
e
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
p
h
is
h
in
g
attac
k
s
as
a
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
n
eg
ativ
e
th
r
ea
t to
th
eir
o
n
lin
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
1
3
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
4
:
882
-
8
90
884
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Hy
p
o
th
esis
r
esear
ch
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
T
ab
le
1
.
AI
t
o
o
ls
an
d
ca
teg
o
r
i
za
tio
n
tar
g
ets
No
To
o
l
Ta
r
g
e
t
1
D
e
e
p
f
a
k
e
[
5
]
F
a
c
i
a
l
i
ma
g
e
d
a
t
a
[
6
]
2
u
r
i
D
e
e
p
[
1
]
Te
x
t
u
a
l
d
a
t
a
[
7
]
3
V
o
i
c
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
[
8
]
S
p
e
e
c
h
a
u
d
i
o
d
a
t
a
[
9
]
AI
ca
n
g
e
n
er
ate
f
ab
r
icate
d
d
at
a
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
a
ch
in
e
lear
n
in
g
m
o
d
els.
On
th
e
o
th
er
e
n
d
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
,
in
ter
m
s
o
f
tr
ad
itio
n
al
o
f
f
en
s
iv
e
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
in
f
iltra
te
n
etwo
r
k
s
an
d
ex
tr
ac
t
s
en
s
itiv
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
d
ev
elo
p
ev
asiv
e
m
alwa
r
e
an
d
ca
u
s
e
h
ar
m
t
o
s
y
s
tem
s
it
en
co
u
n
te
r
s
.
I
t
c
an
also
b
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
as
a
s
p
ea
r
-
p
h
is
h
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
g
ath
er
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
d
iv
i
d
u
als
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
[
2
]
.
Ad
d
iti
o
n
ally
,
cy
b
e
r
cr
im
in
als
ca
n
m
an
ip
u
late
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
b
y
in
jectin
g
f
lawe
d
tr
ain
in
g
d
ata
an
d
m
o
d
if
y
in
g
th
e
m
o
d
el
co
d
e,
e
n
a
b
lin
g
th
em
to
ev
ad
e
d
etec
t
io
n
an
d
p
u
r
s
u
e
t
h
eir
m
alicio
u
s
o
b
jectiv
es.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
asp
ec
t
is
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ad
v
an
ce
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
r
em
ain
u
n
d
et
ec
ted
,
as
it
ca
n
e
x
h
ib
it
ex
tr
em
e
p
er
s
is
ten
ce
an
d
p
o
s
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
th
r
ea
t
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
attac
k
er
s
m
ay
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
lau
n
ch
a
co
m
p
lex
s
er
ie
s
o
f
attac
k
s
tar
g
etin
g
m
u
ltip
le
in
d
iv
id
u
als,
u
s
in
g
au
th
e
n
tic
v
o
ices
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
d
ee
p
f
ak
e
a
n
d
v
o
ice
g
e
n
er
ato
r
attac
k
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
v
is
h
in
g
clo
s
ely
r
esem
b
les a
s
p
ea
r
-
p
h
is
h
in
g
attac
k
.
Dee
p
f
ak
es,
wh
ich
in
v
o
lv
e
th
e
m
an
ip
u
latio
n
o
f
au
d
io
,
v
i
d
eo
,
o
r
im
a
g
e
r
ec
o
r
d
i
n
g
s
u
s
in
g
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
tech
n
iq
u
es,
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
ea
lis
tic
-
lo
o
k
in
g
f
a
k
e
co
n
te
n
t
[
3
]
.
T
h
ese
m
an
ip
u
latio
n
s
u
t
ilize
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
r
ep
licate
h
u
m
an
s
p
ee
ch
,
g
estu
r
es,
em
o
tio
n
s
,
an
d
f
ac
ial
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
s
.
Dee
p
f
ak
es
ar
e
c
o
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
en
ter
tain
m
en
t
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
o
n
s
o
c
ial
m
ed
ia
p
latf
o
r
m
s
lik
e
Face
b
o
o
k
an
d
T
ik
T
o
k
,
o
f
te
n
f
ea
tu
r
in
g
im
p
er
s
o
n
atio
n
s
o
f
p
o
liti
cian
s
,
ce
leb
r
ities
,
an
d
p
u
b
lic
f
ig
u
r
es.
T
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
h
ar
m
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
d
ee
p
f
ak
es
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
t,
as
th
ey
ca
n
s
p
r
ea
d
f
alse
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
d
am
ag
e
r
e
p
u
tatio
n
s
,
an
d
in
cite
v
io
len
ce
an
d
in
s
tab
ilit
y
,
r
esem
b
lin
g
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
p
h
is
h
in
g
attac
k
s
.
Dis
tin
g
u
is
h
in
g
b
etwe
en
a
d
ee
p
f
ak
e
an
d
an
au
t
h
en
tic
v
id
eo
o
f
a
p
er
s
o
n
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
ch
allen
g
in
g
f
o
r
th
e
g
en
er
al
p
u
b
lic.
I
n
a
r
ec
en
t
in
cid
e
n
t,
an
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
R
ed
d
it
b
o
t
r
em
ain
e
d
u
n
d
etec
ted
f
o
r
a
wee
k
[
4
]
.
B
y
g
en
er
atin
g
co
m
m
en
ts
u
s
in
g
ar
tific
ially
g
en
er
ated
d
ata,
th
e
b
o
t
was
ab
l
e
to
c
o
n
v
in
ci
n
g
ly
p
o
s
e
as
a
h
u
m
an
,
f
o
o
lin
g
s
o
m
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als.
T
h
is
ex
am
p
le
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
h
o
w
s
u
ch
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
cr
ea
t
e
an
d
d
is
s
em
in
ate
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
h
as
t
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
in
cite
co
n
f
licts
with
in
c
o
m
m
u
n
ities
.
So
m
e
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
ar
e
ev
e
n
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
g
e
n
er
atin
g
f
ak
e
tex
t
u
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
o
p
o
p
u
late
web
s
ites
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
s
p
r
ea
d
f
alse
n
ews.
An
o
th
er
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
in
v
o
lv
es
d
u
p
licatin
g
th
e
id
e
n
titi
es
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
alities
an
d
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
in
f
lu
en
ce
r
s
b
y
cr
ea
tin
g
m
ir
r
o
r
v
er
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
eir
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
p
r
esen
ce
.
On
ce
th
e
f
r
au
d
u
le
n
t
ac
co
u
n
t
g
ai
n
s
tr
u
s
t
an
d
ap
p
ea
r
s
leg
itima
te,
s
ca
m
m
er
s
ca
n
d
is
s
em
in
ate
f
ak
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
m
an
ip
u
late
f
o
llo
wer
s
in
t
o
in
v
esti
n
g
in
f
r
au
d
u
len
t
cr
y
p
to
cu
r
r
en
cies.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
ey
m
ay
g
en
er
ate
f
ak
e
lin
k
s
to
d
ec
ei
v
e
u
s
er
s
in
to
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
p
er
s
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
s
u
ch
as b
ir
t
h
d
ay
s
,
p
et
n
am
es,
o
r
s
tr
ee
t n
am
es,
wh
ich
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
s
ec
u
r
ity
q
u
esti
o
n
p
r
o
m
p
ts
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
s
tu
d
y
u
tili
ze
d
a
m
ix
ed
-
m
eth
o
d
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
ely
in
v
esti
g
ate
u
s
er
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
C
T
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
to
o
l
in
m
itig
atin
g
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
p
h
is
h
in
g
attac
k
s
o
n
Face
b
o
o
k
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
in
v
o
lv
e
d
q
u
alit
ativ
e
an
d
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
[
5
]
–
[
7
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
t
h
e
q
u
alitativ
e
m
eth
o
d
is
to
g
et
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
'
cu
r
r
en
t
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
p
h
is
h
in
g
attem
p
ts
,
th
eir
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
co
n
f
id
en
c
e
in
Face
b
o
o
k
,
an
d
th
ei
r
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
with
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
m
et
h
o
d
ex
a
m
in
es
h
o
w
u
s
er
s
f
ee
l
ab
o
u
t
th
e
C
T
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
to
o
l,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
h
o
w
s
im
p
le
th
ey
b
eliev
e
it
to
b
e
t
o
u
s
e,
h
o
w
r
eliab
le
th
ey
b
eliev
e
its
n
o
tific
atio
n
s
to
b
e,
a
n
d
h
o
w
s
atis
f
ied
th
ey
ar
e
o
v
er
all
with
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
User
p
ercep
tio
n
s
o
f a
r
tifi
cia
l i
n
tellig
en
ce
p
o
w
ered
p
h
is
h
in
g
a
tta
ck
s
o
n
F
a
ce
b
o
o
k
's
… (
Jo
s
ep
h
N
g
P
o
h
S
o
o
n
)
885
its
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
,
[
1
1
]
–
[
1
3
]
.
Qu
alitativ
e
i
n
s
ig
h
ts
wer
e
g
ath
er
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
o
p
en
-
e
n
d
ed
s
u
r
v
ey
qu
esti
o
n
n
air
e,
allo
win
g
p
ar
tic
ip
an
ts
to
s
h
a
r
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
,
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
,
a
n
d
in
ci
d
en
ts
r
elate
d
to
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
p
h
is
h
in
g
attac
k
s
o
n
Face
b
o
o
k
.
T
h
is
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
m
eth
o
d
e
n
ab
les
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
c
es
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
al
u
ab
le
co
n
t
ex
t
f
o
r
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
ese
attac
k
s
.
Qu
an
titativ
e
d
ata
was
co
llec
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
s
u
r
v
ey
q
u
esti
o
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n
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tech
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ical
q
u
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o
n
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[
1
4
]
–
[
1
7
]
as
s
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o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
tech
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clu
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1
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Scale
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2
.
Dem
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3.
RE
SU
L
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D
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SS
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aim
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ch
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cted
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th
e
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d
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m
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r
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ie
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k
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o
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h
as.
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itio
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ally
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t
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en
ts
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l is ef
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e
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tr
al,
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g
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o
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.
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I
ass
ess
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e
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f
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o
f
th
e
C
T
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
to
o
l
in
p
r
ev
e
n
tin
g
AI
-
p
o
wer
e
d
p
h
is
h
in
g
attac
k
s
o
n
Face
b
o
o
k
.
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h
e
r
esear
ch
was
o
r
g
an
ize
d
in
to
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o
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r
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ess
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,
with
s
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I
f
o
cu
s
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g
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n
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
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o
f
th
e
to
o
l
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p
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ch
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s
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n
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cted
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n
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th
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f
in
d
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s
r
e
v
ea
led
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h
at
m
o
s
t
r
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n
d
en
ts
f
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l
v
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le
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t
h
ese
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wh
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as.
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itio
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o
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tr
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ee
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f
o
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f
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e
q
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titativ
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f
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m
th
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c
o
n
d
u
cted
in
Ses
s
io
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I
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
3.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
a
m
ajo
r
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o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
(
7
1
.
7
%)
f
ee
l
v
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ln
er
ab
le
to
th
es
e
attac
k
s
,
in
d
icatin
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
ce
r
n
am
o
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g
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er
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
6
6
.
6
%
ag
r
ee
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o
r
s
tr
o
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g
ly
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r
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d
t
h
at
th
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y
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r
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m
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k
n
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w
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as
b
e
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f
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p
h
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h
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att
ac
k
s
o
n
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o
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k
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eg
ar
d
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g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
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o
f
th
e
to
o
l,
6
6
.
6
%
o
f
r
esp
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n
d
en
t
s
ag
r
ee
d
o
r
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
a
g
r
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th
at
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is
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f
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tiv
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wh
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1
.
6
%
r
em
ain
e
d
n
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tr
al,
s
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g
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esti
n
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
f
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r
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er
in
v
esti
g
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n
.
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h
e
q
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alitativ
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aly
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is
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ig
h
lig
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ted
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m
m
o
n
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p
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ie
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ce
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o
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en
co
u
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ter
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lin
k
s
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h
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g
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o
s
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d
s
ca
m
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lls
o
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Face
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o
o
k
.
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e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
s
h
ar
ed
in
cid
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ts
wh
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e
th
eir
f
r
ien
d
s
'
ac
co
u
n
ts
wer
e
h
ac
k
ed
,
lead
in
g
t
o
th
e
s
p
r
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d
in
g
o
f
m
alicio
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s
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n
ten
t o
r
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h
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g
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ts
.
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io
n
I
I
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
an
aly
z
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g
th
e
l
o
n
g
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ter
m
b
r
an
d
r
ep
u
tatio
n
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
Face
b
o
o
k
in
t
h
e
f
ac
e
o
f
AI
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p
o
wer
e
d
p
h
is
h
in
g
attac
k
s
o
n
u
s
er
s
.
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h
e
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ata
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aly
s
is
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
r
ev
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led
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
r
o
m
b
o
t
h
q
u
an
titativ
e
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d
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ata.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
q
u
an
titativ
e
an
aly
s
is
(
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
)
,
a
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
(
8
5
%)
a
g
r
ee
d
th
a
t
if
u
s
er
s
f
all
v
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t
o
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
p
h
is
h
in
g
attac
k
s
o
n
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eb
o
o
k
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it
n
e
g
ativ
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im
p
ac
ts
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e
b
r
an
d
r
ep
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tatio
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o
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th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
.
Similar
ly
,
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
m
ajo
r
ity
(
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.
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ag
r
ee
d
t
h
at
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s
er
s
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s
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g
tr
u
s
t
in
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b
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k
d
u
e
to
s
u
ch
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k
s
ca
n
lead
to
a
d
ec
lin
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th
e
p
latf
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r
m
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s
u
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er
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ase.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
6
9
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o
f
r
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e
n
ts
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th
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l
d
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n
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er
s
t
o
p
p
in
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u
s
in
g
Face
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o
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if
th
e
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o
r
s
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m
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th
e
y
k
n
o
w
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ec
am
e
a
v
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o
f
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p
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wer
ed
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h
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h
in
g
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k
s
.
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h
e
q
u
alitativ
e
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
f
u
r
th
er
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
u
s
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s
'
p
er
s
p
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tiv
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o
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wh
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AI
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d
p
h
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ld
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s
.
T
h
e
d
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r
am
lik
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s
h
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d
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r
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o
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f
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u
n
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er
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tan
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g
th
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i
n
an
cial
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p
licatio
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s
o
f
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p
o
wer
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h
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h
in
g
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ttack
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o
n
in
d
iv
id
u
als
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d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
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o
o
k
.
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h
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
an
aly
s
is
(
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
)
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
a
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
r
es
p
o
n
d
e
n
ts
(
6
5
%)
a
g
r
ee
d
t
h
at
s
u
ch
attac
k
s
ca
n
lead
to
ad
d
itio
n
al
f
in
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cial
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o
s
ts
,
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clu
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p
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s
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o
r
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ata
r
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o
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o
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d
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atter
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th
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r
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o
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ts
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th
at
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iate
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a
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r
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ile
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icate
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o
r
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s
ev
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e
lo
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es.
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h
e
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a
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aly
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is
f
o
cu
s
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o
n
m
itig
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m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
,
with
r
esp
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ts
p
r
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v
id
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ab
le
s
u
g
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esti
o
n
s
.
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h
ese
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ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
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en
co
m
p
ass
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tech
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ical
s
tr
ateg
ies
s
u
ch
as
s
tr
en
g
th
en
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RE
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NC
E
S
[
1
]
M
.
M
.
Y
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m
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3
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A
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n
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.
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4
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5
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P
.
S
.
J
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N
g
,
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t
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p
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two
rk
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d
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e
c
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rit
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a
c
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lt
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f
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ta
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c
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n
fo
r
m
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ti
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Tec
h
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l
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g
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INTI
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
i
v
e
rsity
.
H
is
re
se
a
rc
h
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tere
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fo
c
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s
o
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th
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e
two
rk
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n
d
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e
c
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r
it
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,
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ta
S
c
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c
e
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n
d
In
f
o
rm
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ti
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n
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
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He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
i2
2
0
2
3
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2
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t
u
d
e
n
t
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n
e
win
ti
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d
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.
m
y
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As
st
Pro
f.
Ts.
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.
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a
n
K
o
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g
ra
d
u
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ted
wit
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a
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h
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in
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u
sin
e
ss
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
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(
M
a
lay
sia
)
a
n
d
a
n
M
S
c
in
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
tu
d
ies
(S
i
n
g
a
p
o
re
).
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is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
wo
rk
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n
g
a
t
th
e
De
p
a
r
tme
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t
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m
p
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ter
S
c
ien
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e
,
F
a
c
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lt
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f
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n
fo
rm
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ti
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n
a
n
d
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m
m
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n
ica
ti
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h
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l
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g
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,
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n
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
k
u
Ab
d
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l
Ra
h
m
a
n
,
M
a
lay
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a
s
a
c
o
m
p
u
ter
sc
ien
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e
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ss
istan
t
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
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a
c
u
lt
y
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f
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
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n
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Tec
h
n
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l
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g
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).
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
fo
c
u
s
o
n
th
e
d
o
m
a
in
s
o
f
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n
fo
rm
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ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s,
in
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
b
u
sin
e
ss
i
n
telli
g
e
n
c
e
su
c
c
e
ss
,
a
n
d
firm
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
p
h
a
n
k
y
@
u
tar.ed
u
.
m
y
.
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