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[
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–
[
7
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
6
9
4
I
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t J
Po
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&
Dr
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t
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
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b
er
20
24
:
2115
-
2
1
2
7
2116
T
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in
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p
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[
4
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I
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u
n
d
er
th
e
n
am
es
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
t
er
an
d
v
ir
tu
al
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
g
en
er
ato
r
(
VSG
)
u
s
in
g
lo
w
-
o
r
d
e
r
eq
u
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
SG
d
u
e
to
th
eir
s
im
p
licity
an
d
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
VSG
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
SG
s
win
g
eq
u
atio
n
in
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
[
2
]
–
[
4
]
,
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
,
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
sy
n
c
h
r
o
n
v
er
ter
m
o
d
el,
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
eq
u
atio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
o
f
th
e
SG.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
sy
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
ter
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
c
o
n
v
e
r
ter
in
ter
f
ac
ed
R
E
Ss
is
ea
s
ier
wh
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
t
h
e
VSG
m
o
d
el
s
in
ce
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
VSG
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
m
an
y
p
ar
am
eter
s
a
n
d
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
ter
m
o
d
el
will
b
e
f
u
r
th
e
r
s
tu
d
ied
an
d
a
p
p
lied
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
“
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
te
r
”
allo
ws
co
n
v
e
r
ter
in
te
r
f
ac
ed
R
E
Ss
to
m
im
ic
th
e
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
SG
an
d
h
as
b
ee
n
well
-
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
u
r
th
er
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
R
esear
ch
o
n
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
ter
m
o
d
el
v
a
r
ies
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
asp
ec
ts
.
Pre
v
ie
w
s
tu
d
y
by
Z
h
o
n
g
an
d
W
eiss
[
1
3
]
,
an
in
t
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
to
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
ter
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
p
o
wer
s
y
s
t
em
s
an
d
m
icr
o
g
r
i
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
r
es
ea
r
ch
o
n
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
e
u
n
d
er
f
a
u
lt c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
ter
is
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Sch
u
lze
et
a
l
.
[
1
4
]
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l
p
ar
am
eter
d
esig
n
an
d
tu
n
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
th
e
sy
n
c
h
r
o
n
v
er
ter
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
D
o
n
g
an
d
C
h
en
[
1
5
]
b
ased
o
n
m
ath
em
atica
l
an
aly
s
is
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
R
o
d
r
íg
u
ez
-
C
ab
er
o
et
a
l.
[
1
6
]
ex
ten
s
iv
ely
p
r
es
en
t
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
o
f
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
in
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
en
tire
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
s
m
all
s
ig
n
al
an
a
ly
s
is
.
T
h
is
h
elp
s
in
d
eter
m
in
in
g
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
e
r
ter
f
o
r
s
tab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Par
allel
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
m
u
lti
-
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
ter
s
y
s
tem
s
i
s
also
a
tr
en
d
in
g
r
esear
ch
to
p
ic.
Yap
et
a
l.
[
1
7
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies
u
s
in
g
f
u
zz
y
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
.
L
astl
y
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
f
ilter
d
esig
n
a
n
d
its
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
th
e
s
tab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
sy
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
ter
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
am
in
ed
,
alb
eit
o
n
ly
wi
th
th
e
L
C
L
f
ilter
[
1
8
]
–
[
2
0
]
.
I
n
th
e
asp
ec
t
o
f
a
d
ap
tiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
,
r
esear
ch
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cte
d
o
n
ad
ap
tiv
e
d
a
m
p
i
n
g
,
co
n
tr
o
l,
o
r
s
elf
-
ad
ap
tiv
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
te
r
s
,
as
m
en
tio
n
ed
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
[
1
7
]
,
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
H
o
wev
er
,
W
a
n
g
et
a
l.
[
2
2
]
o
n
ly
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
th
e
s
witch
in
g
m
eth
o
d
with
f
ix
e
d
v
alu
es
o
f
c
o
n
tr
o
l
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
L
i
et
a
l.
[
2
1
]
p
r
o
v
id
e
o
n
lin
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
b
o
th
d
r
o
o
p
an
d
in
er
tia
v
alu
es
b
u
t
f
o
llo
win
g
a
f
ix
e
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
r
u
l
e.
I
n
co
n
t
r
ast,
Yap
et
a
l.
[
1
7
]
em
p
lo
y
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
l
(
FLC)
alo
n
g
with
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
to
ca
lcu
late
m
o
r
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
b
u
t
it
is
a
tim
e
-
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
task
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
FLC
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
in
g
“a
d
a
p
tiv
e”
co
n
tr
o
l
v
al
u
es
o
f
b
o
th
i
n
er
tia
an
d
d
r
o
o
p
co
ef
f
icien
ts
to
wh
ich
f
o
llo
w
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
p
er
atin
g
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
in
sy
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
ter
s
y
s
tem
s
h
av
e
n
o
t
b
ee
n
e
x
p
lo
r
e
d
y
e
t.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
th
e
L
L
C
L
f
ilter
,
wh
ich
o
f
f
e
r
s
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
lim
itatio
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
L
C
L
f
ilter
,
h
as n
o
t b
ee
n
s
tu
d
ied
o
r
i
m
p
lem
en
ted
in
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
e
r
ter
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
n
o
v
el
L
L
C
L
f
ilter
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
ter
s
y
s
tem
,
alo
n
g
with
an
FLC
-
b
ased
ad
ap
tiv
e
co
n
t
r
o
l sy
s
tem
to
d
eter
m
in
e
b
o
t
h
in
e
r
tia
an
d
d
r
o
o
p
co
e
f
f
icien
t v
al
u
es u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
e
n
t o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
a
p
er
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
f
o
u
r
p
ar
ts
:
i
)
Stu
d
ies
on
VSG
an
d
Sy
n
ch
r
o
n
v
e
r
ter
s
y
s
tem
to
g
eth
er
with
r
esear
ch
g
a
p
ar
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
Sectio
n
1
,
ii)
S
ec
tio
n
2
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ad
ap
tiv
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
b
ased
o
n
FLC
,
i
i
i)
S
ec
tio
n
3
o
u
tli
n
es
th
e
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
,
an
d
i
v
)
S
ec
tio
n
4
s
u
m
m
ar
izes th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
.
2.
M
AT
H
E
M
AT
I
CA
L
M
O
D
E
L
O
F
T
H
E
L
L
C
L
F
I
L
T
E
R
-
B
AS
E
D
SYN
CH
RO
NVE
RT
E
R
SYS
T
E
M
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
b
r
ief
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
th
e
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
sy
n
c
h
r
o
n
v
er
ter
m
o
d
el.
Firstl
y
,
a
m
ath
em
atic
al
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
e
r
ter
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
n
,
th
e
well
-
k
n
o
wn
L
L
C
L
f
ilter
is
s
h
o
wn
with
a
b
r
ief
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
th
e
L
C
L
f
ilter
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
d
er
i
v
in
g
f
u
zz
y
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
o
f
th
e
L
L
C
L
f
ilter
-
b
a
s
ed
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
ter
s
y
s
tem
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
2
.
1
.
Sy
nchro
nv
er
t
er
m
o
del
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
m
o
d
el
o
f
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
v
er
ter
,
d
escr
ib
e
d
in
s
tu
d
y
[
1
3
]
,
d
er
iv
ed
th
e
s
win
g
e
q
u
atio
n
o
f
a
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
g
en
e
r
ato
r
as
th
e
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
lo
o
p
(
APL)
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
v
i
r
tu
al
r
o
to
r
an
g
le
an
d
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
r
ea
ct
iv
e
p
o
wer
lo
o
p
(
R
PL)
was
im
p
lem
en
ted
t
o
ad
ju
s
t
t
h
e
r
ea
cti
v
e
p
o
we
r
g
e
n
er
atio
n
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
at
th
e
ter
m
in
al
o
f
t
h
e
sy
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
eq
u
atio
n
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
R
PL
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
1
)
.
=
(
∗
−
)
+
√
2
3
(
∗
−
)
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
Q
g
an
d
U
t
ar
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
g
en
e
r
atio
n
an
d
ter
m
in
al
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
te
r
,
r
es
p
ec
tiv
ely
;
th
e
u
p
p
e
r
s
cr
ip
t
“*
”
s
tan
d
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
ettin
g
/r
ef
er
e
n
ce
v
al
u
e.
is
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
f
ield
f
lu
x
.
T
h
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
d
r
o
o
p
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Th
e
LL
C
L f
ilter
-
b
a
s
ed
s
yn
ch
r
o
n
ve
r
ter w
ith
a
d
a
p
tive
fu
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
Ta
n
Th
ien
Tr
a
n
)
2117
co
ef
f
icien
ts
D
q
an
d
R
PL
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
p
ee
d
p
ar
a
m
eter
K
g
ca
n
b
e
ch
o
s
en
as
in
r
esear
ch
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
u
n
d
er
s
cr
ip
t
“f
”
d
ef
in
es
th
e
f
ilter
ed
s
ig
n
als
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
lo
w
-
p
ass
f
ilter
with
t
h
e
tim
e
co
n
s
tan
t
T
f
also
d
ef
in
ed
in
r
esear
ch
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
en
,
D
o
n
g
an
d
C
h
en
[
2
4
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ac
tiv
e
d
am
p
in
g
co
r
r
e
ctio
n
lo
o
p
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
APL.
T
h
e
g
en
er
al
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
eq
u
atio
n
s
d
escr
ib
in
g
t
h
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
te
r
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
in
r
esear
ch
es
[
1
5
]
,
[
2
3
]
–
[
2
5
]
,
an
d
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
in
(
2
)
.
=
−
+
(
∗
−
)
−
(
)
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
J
g
is
v
ir
tu
al
in
e
r
tia
co
ef
f
icien
t,
T
m
a
n
d
T
ef
ar
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
a
n
d
elec
tr
ical
to
r
q
u
e
o
f
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
ter
,
D
p
a
n
d
D
f
a
r
e
d
r
o
o
p
an
d
d
am
p
in
g
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
th
e
APL
an
d
ac
ti
v
e
d
am
p
in
g
lo
o
p
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
an
d
∗
ar
e
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
an
d
r
ef
er
en
ce
an
g
u
lar
v
el
o
city
o
f
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
e
r
ter
.
O
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
es
o
f
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
ter
a
r
e
th
e
n
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
(
3
)
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
th
e
s
elf
-
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
is
m
p
r
o
p
er
ty
o
f
SG
is
em
u
late
d
b
y
em
p
lo
y
in
g
t
h
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
o
u
tlin
ed
in
s
tu
d
y
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
s
e
co
n
tr
o
l
p
h
ases
f
u
lf
ill
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
em
u
latin
g
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
SG
in
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
ter
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
e
r
,
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
m
o
d
el
d
es
cr
ib
ed
in
s
tu
d
y
[
1
5
]
an
d
ap
p
lied
with
ce
r
tain
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
L
L
C
L
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
te
r
s
y
s
tem
.
=
̇
[
(
)
(
+
2
3
⁄
)
(
−
2
3
⁄
)
]
(
3
)
2
.
2
.
L
L
C
L
f
ilte
r
T
h
e
r
ec
en
t p
ass
iv
e
L
L
C
L
f
ilter
,
with
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
in
d
u
ct
o
r
i
n
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
tr
a
p
cir
cu
it,
h
a
v
e
m
ad
e
it
s
u
p
er
io
r
t
o
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
L
C
L
,
esp
ec
ially
in
s
witch
in
g
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
lim
itatio
n
[
2
6
]
.
W
ith
o
u
tp
u
t
tr
a
n
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
o
f
th
e
L
L
C
L
-
an
d
L
C
L
-
b
ased
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
y
s
tem
d
o
n
o
t
s
h
o
w
m
an
y
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
th
e
lo
w
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
r
a
n
g
e.
T
h
en
,
t
h
e
L
L
C
L
-
b
ased
sy
n
ch
r
o
n
v
e
r
t
er
s
y
s
tem
will
b
e
d
ep
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
tim
e
to
an
aly
ze
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ad
ap
tiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
u
s
in
g
FLC.
Hu
an
g
et
a
l.
[
2
6
]
also
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
etails
ab
o
u
t
th
e
L
L
C
L
f
ilter
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
an
d
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
wh
ich
will
b
e
ap
p
lied
as
d
esig
n
g
u
id
elin
es
in
th
is
p
ap
er
.
2
.
3
.
Ada
ptiv
e
co
ntr
o
l st
ra
t
eg
y
wi
t
h f
uzzy
lo
g
ic
co
ntr
o
ller
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
ad
a
p
tiv
e
FLC
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
v
er
ter
s
y
s
tem
with
an
L
L
C
L
f
ilter
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
r
ee
m
ain
p
ar
ts
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
f
u
zz
if
ic
atio
n
p
h
ase
ai
d
s
in
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
cr
is
p
s
ets
o
f
in
p
u
t
v
alu
es
in
to
f
u
zz
y
m
em
b
e
r
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
ar
t
is
th
e
f
u
zz
y
in
f
er
e
n
ce
en
g
in
e,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
th
e
r
u
le
b
ase
wh
er
e
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
in
p
u
ts
an
d
o
u
tp
u
ts
s
tates
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
d
ef
u
zz
i
f
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
tr
an
s
lates th
e
f
u
zz
y
o
u
tp
u
t v
alu
es in
to
th
e
c
r
is
p
v
alu
es.
3.
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
S
E
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
O
F
CO
NT
RO
L
S
T
RA
T
E
G
Y
F
O
R
T
H
E
L
L
CL
F
I
L
T
E
R
B
A
SE
D
SYNCH
RO
NV
E
RT
E
R
S
YS
T
E
M
T
h
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
th
e
L
L
C
L
f
ilter
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
ter
s
y
s
tem
ar
e
in
h
er
en
t
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esea
r
ch
es
[
1
5
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
Sin
ce
th
e
sy
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
ter
m
o
d
el
its
elf
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
by
Do
n
g
an
d
C
h
e
n
[
1
5
]
an
d
with
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
in
o
r
d
er
to
clar
if
y
th
e
a
d
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
f
ilter
d
esig
n
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
.
T
h
ese
p
ar
am
et
er
s
ar
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
d
f
r
o
m
[
1
5
]
,
[
2
5
]
f
o
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
.
T
ab
le
1.
Sy
s
tem
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
V
a
l
u
e
s
N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
V
a
l
u
e
s
Sb
R
a
t
e
d
/
b
a
se
p
o
w
e
r
1
.
6
M
V
A
VDC
D
C
l
i
n
k
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
1
3
k
V
Vb
R
a
t
e
d
/
b
a
se
l
i
n
e
-
l
i
n
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
6
.
6
k
V
Df
A
c
t
i
v
e
d
a
mp
i
n
g
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
1
.
1
3
V
s2
/
r
a
d
fb
R
a
t
e
d
/
b
a
se
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
6
0
H
z
Dq
R
P
L
d
r
o
o
p
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
3
7
1
1
v
a
r
/
V
ωb
R
a
t
e
d
/
b
a
se
a
n
g
u
l
a
r
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
3
7
7
r
a
d
/
s
Kg
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
o
r
p
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
i
n
t
h
e
R
P
L
2
7
9
8
0
v
a
r
.
r
a
d
/
V
f
sw
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
1
2
k
H
z
Tf
Lo
w
-
p
a
ss fi
l
t
e
r
t
i
me
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
0
.
0
1
s
Ts
S
a
mp
l
i
n
g
t
i
me
8
3
3
.
3
3
n
s
3
.
1
.
L
L
C
L
f
ilte
r
p
a
ra
m
et
er
s
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
d
esig
n
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
u
tlin
ed
in
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Hu
a
n
g
et
a
l
.
[
2
6
]
,
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
L
L
C
L
f
ilter
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
th
is
p
ap
er
ar
e
th
en
d
eter
m
in
ed
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
th
e
L
C
L
f
ilter
is
s
im
ilar
to
th
at
o
f
th
e
L
L
C
L
f
ilter
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
f
o
r
th
e
L
L
C
L
a
n
d
L
C
L
f
ilter
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
a
b
le
2
alo
n
g
with
s
o
m
e
co
m
m
en
ts
as
f
o
llo
ws.
Firstl
y
,
th
e
g
r
id
-
s
id
e
in
d
u
ctan
ce
o
f
th
e
L
L
C
L
f
ilter
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
r
ed
u
ce
d
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
L
C
L
f
ilter
wh
ich
th
en
h
elp
s
in
lo
w
er
in
g
to
tal
m
ass
an
d
ca
p
ital
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
f
o
r
th
e
L
L
C
L
f
ilter
wh
ile
s
till
m
ain
t
ain
in
g
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
li
m
it
h
ar
m
o
n
ics.
T
h
en
,
th
e
d
am
p
in
g
r
esis
tan
ce
in
th
e
tr
ap
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
2115
-
2
1
2
7
2118
cir
cu
it
o
f
t
h
e
L
L
C
L
f
ilter
is
m
u
ch
s
m
aller
,
wh
ic
h
h
elp
s
to
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
o
f
th
e
f
ilter
.
Fin
ally
,
with
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
in
d
u
ctan
ce
i
n
th
e
tr
ap
cir
cu
it,
th
e
L
L
C
L
f
ilter
e
x
h
ib
its
b
etter
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
lim
itin
g
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
B
o
d
e
p
lo
t
o
f
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wh
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I
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&
Dr
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s
t
I
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N:
2088
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8
6
9
4
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Ta
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2119
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ased
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u
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
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Dr
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t
,
Vo
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15
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4
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Dec
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ased
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ased
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ased
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ased
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tr
o
ller
in
th
e
APL,
wh
ich
is
o
th
er
wis
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
elf
-
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
m
o
d
el
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
n
o
v
el
im
p
lem
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
th
e
L
L
C
L
f
ilter
in
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
ter
s
y
s
tem
.
4.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
& DIS
C
USS
I
O
N
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
s
im
u
l
ati
o
n
r
es
u
lts
o
f
t
h
e
L
L
C
L
f
ilt
er
b
ase
d
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
v
e
r
te
r
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
t
r
at
eg
y
a
r
e
p
r
es
en
te
d
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
o
p
e
r
ati
n
g
s
ce
n
a
r
io
s
.
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
v
e
r
te
r
s
y
s
te
m
i
n
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
is
co
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
n
t
io
n
a
l
m
o
d
el
d
es
cr
i
b
ed
in
s
tu
d
i
es
[
1
5
]
,
[
2
5
]
,
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
ti
n
g
t
h
e
ad
v
a
n
t
a
g
es
i
n
te
r
m
s
o
f
is
l
an
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
g
r
i
d
-
c
o
n
n
ec
t
ed
o
p
e
r
a
ti
o
n
.
Ad
d
i
ti
o
n
all
y
,
t
h
e
L
L
C
L
f
ilt
e
r
'
s
c
ap
a
b
ili
ty
t
o
l
im
i
t
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
cs is
e
v
al
u
at
ed
b
y
co
m
p
a
r
i
n
g
i
t
wit
h
th
e
L
C
L
f
ilt
er
b
a
s
ed
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
te
r
m
o
d
el
.
4
.
1
.
Ca
s
e
s
t
ud
ie
s
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
g
e
n
er
al
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
in
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
wh
ich
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
g
iv
en
in
T
ab
le
1
a
n
d
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
in
clu
d
es
th
r
ee
m
ain
ca
s
es
th
at
r
ep
r
esen
t
d
if
f
er
en
t o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
to
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
L
L
C
L
f
ilt
er
b
ased
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
v
e
r
ter
s
y
s
tem
an
d
c
o
m
p
ar
e
it
t
o
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
m
o
d
els f
r
o
m
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies.
T
h
e
d
etails o
f
t
h
ese
ca
s
es a
r
e:
-
I
s
lan
d
in
g
m
o
d
e:
T
h
is
ca
s
e
s
im
u
lates
th
e
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atin
g
in
is
lan
d
ed
m
o
d
e,
wh
er
e
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
te
r
is
d
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
r
id
an
d
s
u
p
p
lies
p
o
wer
to
lo
ca
l
lo
ad
s
.
T
h
e
is
lan
d
in
g
m
o
d
e
s
im
u
lati
o
n
r
u
n
s
f
r
o
m
0
.
8
to
3
.
2
s
an
d
in
clu
d
es
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ev
en
ts
:
At
1
.
8
s
,
a
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
f
au
lt
s
ce
n
ar
io
o
cc
u
r
s
an
d
last
s
f
o
r
2
0
0
m
s
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
a
f
au
lt
i
n
th
e
l
o
ca
l
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
At
2
.
4
s
an
d
2
.
8
s
,
th
e
r
e
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
es
in
th
e
lo
ca
l
lo
ad
b
y
3
0
%
o
f
th
e
r
ated
p
o
wer
,
r
e
p
r
esen
tin
g
ch
an
g
es
in
th
e
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
.
T
h
en
,
at
3
.
2
s
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
tr
an
s
itio
n
s
b
ac
k
to
g
r
id
-
tied
o
p
er
atio
n
.
-
Gr
id
-
tied
o
p
er
atio
n
:
T
h
is
ca
s
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
ter
b
ein
g
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
g
r
id
a
n
d
o
p
er
atin
g
in
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
with
th
e
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
u
n
s
f
r
o
m
3
.
2
to
5
s
a
n
d
i
n
clu
d
es
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ev
e
n
ts
:
At
3
.
6
s
,
th
er
e
is
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
t
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
g
e
n
er
atio
n
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
a
ch
an
g
e
in
th
e
d
esire
d
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
en
,
f
r
o
m
4
t
o
4
.
5
s
,
a
g
r
id
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
c
o
n
tin
g
e
n
cy
o
f
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
1
%
r
ated
v
alu
e
o
cc
u
r
s
,
r
e
p
r
esen
tin
g
a
d
is
tu
r
b
a
n
ce
in
th
e
g
r
id
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
.
-
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
with
th
e
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
m
o
d
el
u
n
d
er
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e:
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
o
f
cu
r
r
en
ts
an
d
v
o
ltag
es
ar
e
th
en
ev
alu
ated
b
etwe
en
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
o
f
th
e
L
L
C
L
-
b
ased
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
v
er
te
r
s
y
s
tem
with
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
m
o
d
el
in
s
tu
d
i
es
[
2
3
]
–
[
2
5
]
an
d
in
clu
d
es
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ev
en
ts
:
At
1
s
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
in
is
lan
d
m
o
d
e
o
p
er
atio
n
th
en
at
2
s
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
r
ec
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
u
tili
ty
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Th
e
LL
C
L f
ilter
-
b
a
s
ed
s
yn
ch
r
o
n
ve
r
ter w
ith
a
d
a
p
tive
fu
z
z
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
Ta
n
Th
ien
Tr
a
n
)
2121
T
h
ese
s
im
u
l
ati
o
n
ca
s
es
a
r
e
d
e
s
ig
n
e
d
to
ass
ess
t
h
e
p
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f
o
r
m
a
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c
e
o
f
t
h
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L
L
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f
i
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ter
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ase
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n
ar
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a
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a
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a
n
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g
r
i
d
d
is
t
u
r
b
a
n
c
es.
B
y
co
m
p
a
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
to
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n
v
en
ti
o
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al
m
o
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t
h
e
ad
v
an
ta
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a
n
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im
p
r
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e
m
e
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p
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d
s
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s
te
m
ca
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e
ev
al
u
at
e
d
.
4
.
2
.
Sim
ula
t
io
n
re
s
ults & di
s
c
u
s
s
io
n
4
.
2
.
1
.
Under
is
la
nd
i
ng
m
o
de
o
pera
t
io
n
I
n
Fig
u
r
es
6
(
a)
an
d
6
(
b
)
,
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
esp
o
n
s
e
an
d
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
g
en
e
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atio
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o
f
th
e
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n
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o
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ter
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u
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d
e
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(
f
r
o
m
0
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8
to
3
.
2
s
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ar
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s
h
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wh
ile
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
c
)
d
is
p
lay
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th
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o
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in
e
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tia
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r
o
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th
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FLC
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th
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tr
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ateg
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o
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L
C
L
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ilter
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ased
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ch
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Fig
u
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6
(
b
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em
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ates
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lly
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m
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n
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r
r
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g
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with
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ests
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ty
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e
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eg
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I
n
c
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ast
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Fi
g
u
r
e
6
(
a
)
r
e
v
e
als
s
i
g
n
if
i
ca
n
t
d
i
f
f
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n
ce
s
i
n
t
h
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f
r
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q
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e
n
c
y
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p
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n
s
e
b
e
twee
n
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h
e
p
r
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p
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e
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em
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n
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.
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h
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m
r
e
ac
h
es
a
s
t
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y
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tate
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
at
el
y
0
.
2
5
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af
t
e
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t
h
e
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n
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ate
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ep
r
e
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en
t
e
d
b
y
th
e
b
la
c
k
li
n
e
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
(
a
)
.
I
n
c
o
n
t
r
ast
,
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
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n
al
m
o
d
e
l
t
a
k
es
n
e
ar
ly
t
h
r
ee
ti
m
es
l
o
n
g
er
t
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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2088
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8
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ased
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ased
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ig
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ased
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ased
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ased
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ased
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el
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J
Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
2115
-
2
1
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4
.
2
.
3
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Co
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2
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r
e
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.