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r
ed
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
lle
d
d
u
r
in
g
g
r
i
d
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
i
za
ti
o
n
b
etwe
e
n
t
h
e
g
r
id
s
ig
n
al
an
d
g
e
n
e
r
at
e
d
s
i
g
n
al
[
2
]
,
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
c
r
it
ica
l
co
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
ti
o
n
c
o
n
f
r
o
n
te
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
g
r
id
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
i
za
t
io
n
is
a
cle
a
r
a
n
al
y
s
is
o
f
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
,
p
h
ase
-
a
n
g
l
e,
an
d
g
r
id
v
o
lt
a
g
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
,
a
n
d
as
a
r
es
u
lt
,
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
g
r
i
d
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
iz
ati
o
n
s
o
l
u
ti
o
n
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
p
u
b
lis
h
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
li
te
r
at
u
r
e
o
v
er
th
e
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
f
ew
d
e
ca
d
es
[
2
]
,
[
5
]
-
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
r
e
n
ewa
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
o
f
t
en
t
o
p
s
t
h
e
lis
t
o
f
m
e
as
u
r
es
t
h
at
c
o
u
l
d
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
y
b
e
ta
k
e
n
to
m
it
ig
at
e
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
e
v
e
r
e
c
o
n
s
e
q
u
e
n
ce
s
o
f
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
g
l
o
b
a
l
t
em
p
e
r
a
tu
r
e
i
n
an
y
d
i
s
cu
s
s
i
o
n
o
f
c
li
m
at
e
ch
an
g
e.
T
h
is
is
b
e
ca
u
s
e
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
r
en
ew
ab
le
e
n
e
r
g
y
r
eso
u
r
c
e
s
,
s
u
ch
as
s
o
la
r
a
n
d
wi
n
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
,
ca
n
h
e
lp
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
e
m
is
s
io
n
s
o
f
ca
r
b
o
n
d
i
o
x
id
e
a
n
d
o
th
er
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
g
as
es,
wh
i
ch
s
i
g
n
i
f
ic
a
n
tl
y
c
o
n
tr
i
b
u
t
e
to
g
lo
b
al
wa
r
m
i
ng.
I
n
in
v
er
ter
s
y
s
tem
s
,
v
ar
io
u
s
s
witch
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
,
s
u
ch
as
s
q
u
ar
e
wav
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
,
p
u
ls
e
-
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
PW
M)
,
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
p
u
ls
e
-
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
SP
W
M)
,
an
d
s
p
ac
e
-
v
ec
to
r
p
u
ls
e
-
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
SVPW
M)
,
wh
ich
h
av
e
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
ad
v
an
tag
es
an
d
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
es.
SP
W
M
m
ec
h
an
is
m
co
m
p
a
r
es
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
o
ltag
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
with
th
e
ca
r
r
ier
wav
ef
o
r
m
,
a
tr
i
an
g
le
wav
ef
o
r
m
,
t
o
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
a
d
ir
ec
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
in
to
a
n
alter
n
atin
g
cu
r
r
en
t
(
AC
)
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
.
T
h
e
SP
W
M
s
witch
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
ea
s
e
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
less
co
m
p
lex
ity
,
an
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
ed
u
ctio
n
i
n
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
(
T
HD)
with
m
in
im
ized
f
ilter
in
g
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
’
s
r
esear
ch
g
ap
an
aly
s
is
d
escr
ib
es
in
d
ep
th
t
h
e
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
esear
ch
a
n
d
p
r
io
r
m
o
d
els
d
escr
ib
ed
i
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
c
h
wo
r
k
s
.
T
ab
l
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
esear
c
h
g
ap
b
e
twee
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
esear
ch
a
n
d
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
wo
r
k
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
is
s
eg
r
eg
ate
d
in
to
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
p
h
ase,
ty
p
e
o
f
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
u
s
ed
,
f
ilter
d
esig
n
,
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
m
eth
o
d
,
p
h
ase
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
is
s
u
e,
an
d
s
ettlin
g
tim
e
o
f
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
,
wh
ich
a
r
e
id
en
tifie
d
in
d
etail
[
2
3
]
-
[
2
6
]
.
B
ased
o
n
T
ab
le
1
,
m
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
lo
w
-
p
ass
L
C
f
ilter
,
in
s
tead
o
f
t
h
e
L
C
L
an
d
o
th
e
r
ty
p
es
o
f
f
ilter
s
,
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
T
HD
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
o
u
t
p
u
t
d
u
e
to
its
s
im
p
licity
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast
to
th
e
th
e
ze
r
o
-
cr
o
s
s
in
g
d
etec
to
r
(
Z
C
D
)
s
y
s
te
m
,
th
e
p
h
ase
-
lo
c
k
ed
lo
o
p
(
PL
L
)
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
b
e
ac
cu
r
ately
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
ized
with
th
e
g
r
id
,
ac
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
[
2
3
]
.
T
ab
l
e
1
also
s
h
o
ws
th
at
m
o
s
t
r
es
ea
r
ch
er
s
u
s
ed
th
e
f
ield
-
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ab
le
g
ate
ar
r
a
y
(
FP
GA
)
as
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
tr
i
g
g
er
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
’
s
g
ates
d
u
e
to
its
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
FP
GA
is
o
f
ten
u
s
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
m
u
ltip
le
o
p
er
atio
n
s
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
,
is
m
o
r
e
v
er
s
atile,
an
d
d
o
es
ex
tr
e
m
ely
well
in
task
s
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
h
ig
h
p
ar
allelis
m
an
d
cu
s
to
m
lo
g
ic
d
esig
n
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
FP
GA
ca
n
also
ad
d
r
ess
s
ev
er
al
is
s
u
e
s
with
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
d
ev
ice'
s
in
ter
f
ac
e,
in
clu
d
in
g
lo
wer
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
s
m
aller
cir
cu
it
s
ize,
ea
s
e
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
d
u
e
to
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
ch
an
g
es
th
at
d
o
n
'
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
alter
in
g
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e,
a
n
d
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
in
ter
m
s
o
f
s
witch
in
g
p
ar
am
eter
ch
an
g
es
[
2
7
]
.
I
t
is
wo
r
th
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
o
s
e
s
y
s
tem
s
with
f
ewe
r
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
co
n
v
er
ter
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
u
ltip
le
clo
c
k
d
o
m
ain
s
with
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cies,
wh
ich
ca
n
o
p
er
ate
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
tly
an
d
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
is
s
y
s
tem
co
u
ld
b
e
a
p
p
lied
to
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
u
s
in
g
SP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
es [
2
8
]
,
[
2
9
]
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
esear
ch
an
d
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
wo
r
k
s
A
u
t
h
o
r
Y
e
a
r
P
h
a
se
G
r
i
d
-
t
i
e
d
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
t
y
p
e
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
/
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
F
i
l
t
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
S
e
t
t
l
i
n
g
t
i
me
f
o
r
p
h
a
se
ma
t
c
h
i
n
g
(
ms)
[
2
4
]
2
0
1
5
3
-
Ф
M
i
c
r
o
g
r
i
d
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
-
so
u
r
c
e
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
(
M
V
S
I
)
TM
S
3
2
0
LF
2
8
3
3
5
D
S
P
LC
f
i
l
t
e
r
1
5
0
[
2
6
]
2
0
1
5
1
-
Ф
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
-
so
u
r
c
e
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
M
A
TLA
B
/
S
i
mu
l
i
n
k
LC
L
f
i
l
t
e
r
&
ZC
D
a
n
d
P
LL
1
5
0
[
2
5
]
2
0
1
6
1
-
Ф
V
i
r
t
u
a
l
u
n
i
t
d
e
l
a
y
(VDU)
d
S
P
A
C
E
D
S
1
1
0
3
LC
L
f
i
l
t
e
r
&
T/
4
d
e
l
a
y
P
LL
1
0
0
[
2
3
]
2
0
2
0
3
-
Ф
Bi
-
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
D
S
P
/
P
I
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
Lo
w
-
p
a
ss fi
l
t
e
r
/
S
R
F
P
LL
N
/
A
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
2
0
2
4
1
-
Ф
1
-
Ф
f
u
l
l
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
F
P
G
A
P
a
ssi
v
e
l
o
w
-
p
a
ss
LC
f
i
l
t
e
r
&
ZC
D
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
8
Asi
d
e
f
r
o
m
th
at,
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
is
s
u
es
wer
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
ase
an
g
le
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
an
d
g
r
i
d
v
o
ltag
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
[
2
3
]
.
Par
ticu
lar
ly
,
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
m
atch
in
g
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
d
u
r
in
g
i
n
itiatio
n
was
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
in
p
r
io
r
g
r
id
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
s
tu
d
ies
an
d
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esear
c
h
wo
r
k
s
em
p
lo
y
in
g
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
ad
v
an
ce
d
p
h
ase
-
lo
ck
e
d
lo
o
p
(
P
L
L
)
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
[
2
4
]
-
[
2
6
]
.
A
f
e
w
g
r
id
-
tied
in
v
er
ter
ap
p
licatio
n
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
er
s
th
at
m
ain
ly
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
PLL
tech
n
iq
u
es we
r
e
s
tu
d
ied
in
d
etail.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
s
tu
d
y
,
a
g
r
id
-
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
in
v
er
ter
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
v
ia
th
e
d
ig
ital
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
b
ased
o
n
th
e
FP
GA.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
wa
s
d
esig
n
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
f
ast
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
in
v
er
ter
’
s
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
with
th
e
g
r
id
s
y
s
tem
with
m
in
im
al
T
HD,
as
well
as
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
a
p
u
r
e
s
in
e
wav
e
v
ia
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
2452
-
2
4
6
1
2454
th
e
Z
C
D
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
a
n
d
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
a
p
ass
iv
e
lo
w
-
p
a
s
s
L
C
f
ilter
to
m
itig
ate
th
e
t
h
ir
d
h
a
r
m
o
n
ic.
I
t
i
s
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
d
eter
m
in
e
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
p
o
lar
ity
with
m
ax
im
u
m
s
p
ee
d
an
d
p
r
ec
is
io
n
.
Als
o
,
f
o
r
g
r
id
-
tied
in
v
e
r
ter
s
to
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
a
n
d
o
p
er
ated
r
eliab
ly
,
q
u
ick
,
an
d
ac
cu
r
ate
tr
a
ck
in
g
o
f
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
p
r
o
p
er
tie
s
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
o
r
ig
in
s
o
f
f
ast
p
o
lar
ity
d
etec
to
r
s
ca
n
b
e
tr
ac
ed
to
Z
C
Ds,
wh
ich
ar
e
s
o
m
etim
es
th
e
s
am
e
d
ev
ice.
I
n
g
r
id
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
,
th
e
Z
C
D
p
la
y
s
a
m
ajo
r
r
o
le,
as
ze
r
o
-
cr
o
s
s
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
s
en
s
itiv
e
to
th
e
h
a
r
m
o
n
ics
p
r
esen
t
in
a
s
ig
n
al
[
3
1
]
.
PLL
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
ize
two
s
i
g
n
al
p
h
ases
,
g
iv
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
s
ig
n
al
p
h
ase
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
,
an
d
m
ain
tain
s
tab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
te
d
in
v
er
ter
s
[
3
2
]
.
P
L
L
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
n
o
t
g
iv
e
p
r
ec
is
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
ze
r
o
cr
o
s
s
in
g
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
ze
r
o
-
cr
o
s
s
in
g
d
etec
tio
n
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
in
s
o
m
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
d
ir
ec
t
AC
/A
C
co
n
v
er
ter
s
[
2
7
]
o
r
s
o
lid
-
s
tate
r
elay
s
.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
m
a
n
u
s
cr
ip
t
was
o
r
g
an
ized
as:
i)
s
ec
tio
n
2
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
,
ii)
s
ec
tio
n
3
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
ig
ital
s
witch
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
,
iii)
s
ec
tio
n
4
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
th
e
r
esu
lts
an
d
d
eta
iled
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
,
an
d
iv
)
s
ec
tio
n
5
co
n
clu
d
es th
e
o
v
er
all
m
a
n
u
s
cr
ip
t.
2.
NO
VE
L
T
Y
AN
D
CO
NT
R
I
B
UT
I
O
N
O
F
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
D
E
SI
G
N
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
is
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
f
ast
g
r
id
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
with
th
e
g
r
id
s
y
s
tem
with
in
th
e
n
ex
t
h
alf
-
c
y
cle.
Du
r
in
g
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
in
itiatio
n
,
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
m
atch
in
g
was
co
n
d
u
cted
b
ased
o
n
a
f
ix
ed
to
ler
an
ce
o
f
9
9
.
5
%
at
a
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
5
0
H
z.
T
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
a
d
ju
s
tin
g
th
e
p
h
ase
d
elay
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
te
r
o
u
tp
u
t c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
th
e
L
C
f
ilter
,
wh
ich
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
h
er
en
t c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
s
u
ch
as c
ap
ac
ita
n
ce
an
d
in
d
u
ctan
ce
.
T
h
e
h
ar
d
wa
r
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
lan
g
u
ag
e
(
HDL
)
was
u
s
ed
to
d
ig
itally
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
co
m
p
en
s
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
d
ela
y
ed
tim
e
d
u
e
to
d
ela
y
ed
f
ilter
r
esp
o
n
s
e
t
im
e.
HDL
d
esig
n
an
al
y
s
is
an
d
s
y
n
th
esis
allo
w
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
to
c
r
ea
te
th
eir
d
esig
n
s
,
an
aly
s
es
tim
in
g
,
lo
o
k
at
r
eg
is
t
er
-
tr
an
s
f
er
le
v
el
o
r
R
T
L
d
ia
g
r
a
m
s
,
test
h
o
w
a
d
esig
n
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tim
u
li,
an
d
s
et
u
p
th
e
tar
g
et
d
ev
ice
u
s
in
g
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
er
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
e
d
ig
ital
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
in
v
er
ter
f
o
r
f
ast
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
was
b
ased
o
n
th
e
Z
C
D
s
ig
n
al
as
th
e
in
p
u
t,
an
d
th
e
d
ig
ital
PLL
was
u
s
ed
to
tr
ig
g
er
u
n
ip
o
lar
SP
W
M
s
wi
tch
in
g
s
ig
n
als.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
s
u
itab
le
L
C
f
ilter
was
also
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
o
m
itig
ate
th
e
T
HD
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
p
u
r
e
s
in
u
s
o
i
d
al
wav
ef
o
r
m
a
t th
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
2
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
em
co
nfig
ura
t
io
n
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
an
FP
GA
b
o
ar
d
,
a
g
ate
d
r
iv
er
u
n
it,
an
L
C
f
ilter
,
a
Z
C
D
cir
cu
it,
a
f
u
ll
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
in
v
er
ter
,
an
is
o
latio
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
,
an
d
a
s
tep
-
u
p
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
co
m
p
lete
b
lo
c
k
d
iag
r
am
.
I
t is
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
as
t
-
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
i
za
tio
n
g
r
id
-
tied
in
v
er
te
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
g
r
i
d
-
tied
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
f
u
ll
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
in
v
er
ter
u
s
in
g
FP
GA
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l sy
s
tem
f
o
r
f
ast s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
T
h
e
SP
W
M
s
wit
c
h
i
n
g
s
i
g
n
als
wit
h
t
h
e
a
d
j
u
s
t
ab
le
m
o
d
u
lati
o
n
in
d
ex
,
m
a
,
f
r
o
m
th
e
FP
GA
b
o
ar
d
w
ill
b
e
co
n
n
e
cte
d
to
t
h
e
ci
r
c
u
i
ts
o
f
t
h
e
g
ate
d
r
iv
er
s
’
(
S
1
,
S
2
,
S
3
,
a
n
d
S
4
)
b
ef
o
r
e
b
ei
n
g
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
t
o
c
o
r
r
es
p
o
n
d
in
g
s
witc
h
es
.
B
es
id
es
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
is
o
la
ti
o
n
,
th
e
g
at
e
d
r
iv
er
s
wil
l
b
o
o
s
t
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
al
’
s
v
o
lta
g
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
FP
GA
(
3
.
3
V
DC
)
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
n
a
d
eq
u
a
te
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t
p
ass
e
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
f
r
o
m
th
e
d
r
ai
n
t
o
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
te
r
m
i
n
a
l
o
f
t
h
e
MO
S
FE
T
s
.
T
h
e
FP
GA
b
o
a
r
d
c
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
l
y
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
d
t
h
e
d
ig
ita
l
s
i
g
n
a
l
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Z
C
D
an
d
g
e
n
e
r
at
e
d
t
h
e
SP
W
M
s
wi
tc
h
i
n
g
s
ig
n
als
f
o
r
e
v
e
r
y
h
al
f
-
c
y
c
le
.
T
h
e
Z
C
D
w
as
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
t
o
v
al
i
d
at
e
t
h
e
r
ec
en
t
s
ta
tu
s
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
w
av
ef
o
r
m
ei
th
er
i
n
th
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
o
r
n
eg
ati
v
e
c
y
cle
.
T
h
i
s
c
o
n
d
iti
o
n
will
e
n
s
u
r
e
t
h
at
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
is
in
a
n
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
at
e
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
b
y
d
e
te
cti
n
g
th
e
p
o
s
iti
v
e
h
al
f
-
c
y
c
le
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
id
a
n
d
co
n
v
e
r
ti
n
g
it
i
n
t
o
a
s
q
u
a
r
e
wa
v
e
(
5
V
DC
)
wit
h
t
h
e
le
ast
p
h
as
e
d
e
la
y
b
etwe
e
n
th
e
g
r
i
d
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
a
n
d
t
h
e
Z
C
D
o
u
t
p
u
t
s
i
g
n
al
.
T
h
u
s
,
b
ase
d
o
n
t
h
e
Z
C
D
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
’
s
in
p
u
t
,
th
e
FP
GA
w
ill
em
it
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
-
g
e
n
e
r
a
ti
n
g
h
al
f
-
c
y
cl
e
SP
W
M
s
ig
n
al
t
o
g
en
e
r
at
e
a
p
o
s
it
iv
e
s
i
n
e
w
av
e
an
d
c
o
n
cu
r
r
e
n
tl
y
em
it
a
n
e
g
a
ti
v
e
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Dig
ita
lly
fa
s
t syn
ch
r
o
n
iz
a
tio
n
o
f sin
g
le
-
p
h
a
s
e
g
r
id
-
tied
in
ve
r
ter u
s
in
g
F
P
GA
(
A
fa
r
u
lr
a
z
i A
b
u
B
a
k
a
r
)
2455
g
e
n
e
r
a
ti
n
g
h
a
lf
-
c
y
cle
SP
W
M
s
ig
n
al
t
o
g
e
n
e
r
a
te
a
n
e
g
at
iv
e
s
in
e
w
a
v
e
.
I
n
ad
d
i
ti
o
n
,
t
h
e
u
n
f
i
lte
r
e
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
u
ll
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
i
n
v
e
r
te
r
wil
l
b
e
f
il
t
er
ed
b
y
t
h
e
f
il
te
r
to
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
a
p
u
r
e
s
in
e
wa
v
e
.
Fi
n
all
y
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
wa
v
ef
o
r
m
wi
ll
b
e
s
te
p
p
e
d
u
p
t
o
m
a
tc
h
th
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
g
r
i
d
v
o
l
ta
g
e
b
e
f
o
r
e
b
ei
n
g
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
s
y
s
tem
.
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
DIGI
T
A
L
SW
I
T
CH
I
NG
CO
N
T
RO
L
S
T
RA
T
E
G
Y
Dig
ital
s
witch
in
g
co
n
tr
o
l
is
m
ain
ly
im
p
lem
en
ted
to
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
witch
in
g
s
ig
n
als,
wh
ich
ca
n
o
f
f
er
g
r
ea
te
r
p
r
ec
is
io
n
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
d
ig
ital
PLL
u
s
in
g
th
e
in
teg
r
ati
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
Z
C
D
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
d
etail
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
.
I
n
d
i
g
ital
s
witch
in
g
,
th
e
b
in
a
r
y
co
d
e
r
ef
e
r
s
to
two
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
tates
o
f
1
o
r
0
,
wh
ic
h
ar
e
h
i
g
h
an
d
lo
w
s
ig
n
als,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
ac
c
u
r
ate
an
d
n
o
is
e
-
r
esis
tan
t
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
a
l.
I
n
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
HDL
co
d
i
n
g
p
lay
e
d
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
r
o
le
in
ac
h
iev
in
g
f
ast
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
b
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
e
Z
C
D
in
p
u
t
with
th
e
Z
C
D
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
th
e
d
ig
ital
PLL
,
wh
er
e
th
e
Z
C
D
was
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
an
o
u
tp
u
t
with
h
ig
h
-
p
r
ec
is
io
n
ze
r
o
-
cr
o
s
s
tim
in
g
o
f
th
e
ta
r
g
eted
AC
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
e
n
,
th
e
s
elec
ted
FP
GA
b
o
ar
d
will
em
it
a
d
ig
italized
u
n
ip
o
lar
SP
W
M
s
witch
in
g
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
eith
er
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
r
n
eg
ati
v
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
w
av
ef
o
r
m
g
en
er
atio
n
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
Z
C
D
o
u
tp
u
t.
As
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
th
e
Z
C
D
o
u
tp
u
t
will
b
e
a
h
ig
h
s
ig
n
al
wh
en
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
wav
ef
o
r
m
is
d
etec
ted
a
n
d
a
lo
w
s
ig
n
al
wh
en
a
n
e
g
ativ
e
s
in
u
s
o
i
d
al
wav
ef
o
r
m
is
d
etec
ted
.
T
h
e
SP
W
M
s
witch
in
g
s
ig
n
als
f
o
r
b
o
th
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
eg
ativ
e
s
in
e
wav
e
s
ig
n
a
ls
will
b
e
ass
ig
n
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
witch
in
g
tim
e
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
in
th
e
lo
o
k
-
u
p
tab
le
(
L
UT
)
.
T
h
e
s
witch
in
g
s
ig
n
al
s
will
b
e
g
en
er
ated
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
estab
lis
h
ed
s
witch
h
ier
ar
ch
y
(
S
1
,
S
2
,
S
3
,
an
d
S
4
)
f
o
r
ev
er
y
h
alf
-
c
y
cle
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
in
th
e
HDL
co
d
e
.
T
h
e
g
en
er
ated
SP
W
M
s
witch
in
g
wav
ef
o
r
m
will
b
e
u
p
d
ated
f
o
r
th
e
n
ex
t
h
al
f
-
cy
cle
to
ac
h
iev
e
f
ast
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
d
ig
ital
o
u
tp
u
t f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Z
C
D
will e
n
ab
le
th
e
co
u
n
ter
to
c
o
u
n
t
b
ased
o
n
th
e
clo
c
k
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
s
s
et
ea
r
lier
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l a
lg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
f
ast s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
o
f
g
r
i
d
-
t
ied
in
v
er
ter
3
.
1
.
Dig
it
a
liza
t
io
n o
f
un
ipo
la
r
SP
WM
s
w
it
ching
s
ig
na
l
s
Gen
er
ally
,
s
witch
in
g
s
ig
n
als
a
r
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
to
d
i
g
ital
cir
c
u
its
an
d
cr
u
cial
to
c
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
wh
o
le
s
y
s
tem
.
Hen
ce
,
T
ab
le
2
illu
s
tr
ates
a
d
ig
italized
tim
e
s
ca
le
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
u
n
i
p
o
lar
SP
W
M
s
witch
in
g
s
ig
n
als
f
o
r
S
1
an
d
S
4
.
T
h
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
a
n
d
n
eg
ativ
e
f
o
r
o
n
e
co
m
p
lete
cy
c
le
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
2
0
0
0
0
co
u
n
ter
s
(
2
0
m
s
)
,
wh
er
e
ea
ch
co
u
n
ter
was
eq
u
a
l
to
1
µs.
T
o
r
ea
lize
f
ast
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
with
in
h
alf
a
c
y
cle
o
f
th
e
g
r
i
d
,
th
e
co
u
n
ter
s
wer
e
s
et
to
1
0
0
0
0
,
wh
ich
eq
u
aled
1
0
m
s
,
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
th
e
Z
C
D
s
ig
n
al
to
en
ab
le
th
e
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
co
u
n
ter
ass
ig
n
ed
f
o
r
s
witch
es
S
1
,
S
2
,
S
3
,
an
d
S
4
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
S
4
is
th
e
o
p
p
o
s
ite
o
f
th
at
f
o
r
S
1
,
wh
ile
th
e
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
S
3
is
th
e
o
p
p
o
s
ite
o
f
th
at
o
f
S
2
.
(
1
)
-
(
3
)
w
er
e
em
p
lo
y
e
d
to
ca
lc
u
late
th
e
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
r
is
in
g
ed
g
e
(
α
n
)
an
d
f
allin
g
e
d
g
e
(
β
n
)
o
f
th
e
s
witch
in
g
s
ig
n
als,
as w
ell
as th
e
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
in
ter
m
s
o
f
tim
e.
(
)
=
(
°
)
×
180°
(
1
)
(
)
=
(
°
)
×
180°
(
2
)
ℎ
(
)
=
(
)
−
(
)
(
3
)
3
.
2
.
Desig
nin
g
F
P
G
A
-
ba
s
ed
co
nt
ro
ller
Qu
ar
tu
s
I
I
s
o
f
twar
e
d
ig
itized
th
e
SP
W
M
s
witch
in
g
s
ig
n
als
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
lo
g
ic
an
aly
ze
r
.
T
o
g
en
er
ate
th
e
d
ig
ital
u
n
ip
o
lar
SP
W
M
s
wi
tch
in
g
,
t
h
e
co
u
n
ter
wo
u
ld
co
u
n
t
in
m
icr
o
s
ec
o
n
d
tim
e
-
s
er
ies
f
o
r
m
at,
wh
ich
is
th
e
s
u
itab
le
FP
GA
o
p
er
atin
g
clo
c
k
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
cl
o
s
ely
r
elate
d
to
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
its
ass
ig
n
ed
in
th
e
co
u
n
ter
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
clo
c
k
was
o
b
tain
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ca
r
r
ier
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
2452
-
2
4
6
1
2456
an
d
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
ig
n
al.
Fig
u
r
e
3
d
ep
icts
th
e
b
lo
ck
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
th
e
u
n
ip
o
lar
SP
W
M
g
en
er
ato
r
with
f
ix
ed
p
a
r
am
ete
r
s
(
m
a
=
0
.
9
9
an
d
f
carrier
=
1
k
Hz)
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
2
4
0
V
rms
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
th
e
if
-
e
ls
e
co
u
n
ter
HDL
co
d
in
g
f
o
r
m
at
was
u
tili
ze
d
in
th
is
FP
G
A
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
ller
t
o
au
to
m
atica
lly
g
en
er
ate
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
ig
ital
SP
W
M
s
w
itch
in
g
s
ig
n
als
f
o
r
eith
er
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
r
n
eg
ativ
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
wav
ef
o
r
m
g
e
n
er
atio
n
b
ased
o
n
Z
C
D
in
teg
r
atio
n
to
ac
co
m
p
l
is
h
f
ast
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
o
f
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
with
th
e
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e.
PIN
_
AD1
5
was
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
2
5
-
MH
z
in
ter
n
al
clo
ck
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
th
e
clk
_
d
iv
cir
cu
it.
T
h
e
clk
_
d
iv
ci
r
cu
it
was
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
m
u
ltip
le
o
u
tp
u
t
clo
c
k
s
,
wh
ich
wer
e
th
e
n
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
th
e
lp
m
_
co
u
n
ter
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
B
esid
es
th
at,
a
co
d
e
was
cr
ea
ted
in
V
HDL
(
.
v
h
d
)
a
n
d
th
e
n
co
n
v
er
te
d
to
a
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
(
*
.
b
d
f
)
.
I
t
c
o
n
s
is
ted
o
f
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
altp
ll,
lp
m
_
co
u
n
ter
,
a
n
d
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
.
Usi
n
g
(
4
)
,
th
e
clo
ck
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
was
ca
lcu
lated
to
g
en
er
ate
clo
ck
s
ig
n
al
o
u
tp
u
t
b
ased
o
n
th
e
clo
ck
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
in
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
lp
m
_
c
o
u
n
ter
,
wh
ich
wo
u
ld
ac
tiv
ate
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
r
n
eg
ativ
e
d
ig
ital
SP
W
M
co
d
in
g
o
f
b
l
o
ck
s
with
th
e
Z
C
D
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
ac
tiv
atio
n
o
f
lp
m
_
co
u
n
ter
s
0
an
d
lp
m
_
co
u
n
ter
1
in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
th
e
Z
C
D
in
p
u
t
w
o
u
ld
allo
w
th
e
f
ast
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
iza
tio
n
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
v
e
r
ter
,
an
d
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
er
r
o
r
d
u
r
in
g
f
a
s
t
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
,
t
h
e
Z
C
D
s
ig
n
al
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
a
co
m
p
a
r
ato
r
,
w
h
ich
wo
u
ld
g
en
er
ate
th
e
s
am
e
s
ig
n
al
as th
at
o
f
th
e
Z
C
D.
=
1
(
4
)
T
ab
le
2
.
Un
ip
o
lar
SP
W
M
tim
e
s
ca
le
d
ata
f
o
r
m
a
=
0
.
9
9
an
d
f
carrier
=
1
k
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HDL
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I
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ase
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ilter
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wn
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Fig
u
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4
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h
e
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h
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ased
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if
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im
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.
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a
FP
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2
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tr
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d
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g
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e
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ter
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ates.
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a
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u
s
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id
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ig
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f
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th
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to
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ch
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e
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r
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e
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d
a
n
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.
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u
r
e
4
.
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d
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e
p
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e
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p
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ab
le
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.
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x
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tal
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o
m
p
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t p
ar
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s
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m
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l
/
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e
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n
p
u
t
2
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F
J
-
EV
K
-
002
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esu
l
ts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
test
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
.
All
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
wer
e
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
u
s
in
g
a
T
ek
tr
o
n
ix
T
DS
-
3
0
2
4
B
f
o
u
r
-
ch
a
n
n
el
d
ig
it
al
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
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s
cillo
s
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p
e.
T
h
i
s
s
ec
tio
n
in
clu
d
es
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
s
ig
n
al
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
s
u
ch
as
s
witch
in
g
s
ig
n
als,
u
n
f
ilter
ed
s
ig
n
als,
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
2452
-
2
4
6
1
2458
f
ilter
ed
s
ig
n
als.
Ma
in
ly
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
s
ig
n
al
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
-
p
h
ase
with
u
n
f
ilter
e
d
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
al
to
o
b
tain
a
g
r
id
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
th
e
u
n
f
ilter
ed
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
u
n
f
ilter
ed
in
v
e
r
ter
o
u
t
p
u
t
ex
h
ib
its
a
s
q
u
ar
e
-
wav
e
-
lik
e
p
atter
n
,
wh
ich
is
a
co
m
m
o
n
c
h
ar
a
cter
is
tic
o
f
in
v
er
ter
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
in
d
icate
s
th
at
b
o
th
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
wer
e
in
-
p
h
ase.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
il
ter
in
g
tech
n
i
q
u
es
ar
e
ty
p
ically
em
p
lo
y
ed
t
o
m
a
tch
th
e
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
s
ig
n
al
with
th
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
g
r
id
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
is
en
s
u
r
es
a
s
m
o
o
th
er
p
o
wer
d
eliv
er
y
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
an
d
d
is
to
r
tio
n
s
o
n
t
h
e
p
o
wer
g
r
id
an
d
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
elec
tr
ical
eq
u
ip
m
en
t.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
th
e
g
en
er
ated
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
f
r
o
m
i
n
v
er
ter
an
d
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lts
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
was
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
ize
d
with
th
e
g
r
id
s
ig
n
al
in
ter
m
s
o
f
b
o
th
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
er
e
is
a
n
o
ticea
b
l
e
p
h
ase
lag
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
,
as
s
ee
n
b
y
th
e
s
h
if
ted
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
f
ilter
ed
in
v
e
r
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
p
ea
k
s
r
elativ
e
to
th
e
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
p
ea
k
s
.
T
h
e
p
h
ase
lag
ca
n
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
as a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ately
6
.
8
4
°.
Pro
p
er
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
a
n
d
g
r
i
d
v
o
ltag
e
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
e
f
f
ici
en
t
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
er
an
d
g
r
id
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
A
p
h
ase
lag
ca
n
lead
to
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
f
lo
w,
r
e
d
u
ce
d
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
,
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
in
s
tab
ilit
y
is
s
u
es.
Fig
u
r
e
7
d
e
p
icts
th
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
with
p
h
ase
an
g
le
d
elay
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
an
d
t
h
e
g
r
id
s
u
p
p
ly
wav
ef
o
r
m
with
a
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
2
4
0
V
rms
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
f
o
r
p
h
ase
an
g
le
d
elay
was
r
ea
lized
th
r
o
u
g
h
HDL
co
d
in
g
i
n
th
e
Qu
a
r
tu
s
I
I
s
o
f
twar
e,
with
an
a
d
ju
s
ted
p
h
ase
an
g
le
o
f
6
.
8
4
°.
Fig
u
r
e
8
il
lu
s
tr
ates
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
r
esu
ltin
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
ig
ital
s
witch
in
g
an
d
th
e
g
r
id
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
.
I
t
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izat
io
n
o
f
th
e
g
en
e
r
ated
v
o
ltag
e
with
th
e
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
was
with
in
8
m
s
.
T
h
e
in
itial
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
was
ze
r
o
,
a
n
d
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
g
r
ad
u
ally
in
cr
ea
s
ed
,
ac
t
in
g
as
a
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
d
e
v
ice.
T
h
e
ch
ar
g
in
g
tim
e
was in
f
l
u
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
v
alu
e,
th
e
im
p
ed
an
ce
o
f
th
e
l
o
ad
,
an
d
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
in
th
e
cir
c
u
it.
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
v
alu
e
was
in
itially
ca
lcu
lated
to
b
e
p
r
o
p
er
ly
s
ized
to
h
an
d
le
th
e
s
tar
tu
p
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
cir
cu
itry
.
I
t
is
s
h
o
wn
t
h
at
t
h
e
d
ig
ital
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g
o
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ith
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ig
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d
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r
ac
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with
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m
o
o
th
tr
a
n
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itio
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with
o
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h
e
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ig
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r
r
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g
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h
ase
ch
an
g
e
in
th
e
g
r
id
s
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tem
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Ou
t
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e
wav
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
u
n
f
ilter
ed
in
v
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ter
s
ig
n
al
an
d
wav
ef
o
r
m
o
f
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Sy
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
with
6
.
8
4
°
p
h
ase
an
g
le
d
elay
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Sy
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
o
f
o
u
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t v
o
ltag
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wav
ef
o
r
m
with
co
m
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en
s
ated
6
.
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° p
h
ase
an
g
le
d
elay
Fig
u
r
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8
.
I
n
itiatio
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in
v
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ch
r
o
n
izatio
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with
g
e
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v
o
ltag
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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u
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.
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e
g
en
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ated
in
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t
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to
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ased
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o
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itally
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atio
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ch
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izatio
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itiatio
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e
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at
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m
s
.
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ter
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in
tr
o
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f
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to
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2
m
s
.
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[
1
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A
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l
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.
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[
3
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.
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