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1.
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NT
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ca
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p
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s
f
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PV
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lo
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g
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s
tag
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c
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v
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o
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PV
p
o
wer
h
as
b
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n
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ev
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o
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o
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ef
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ed
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in
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em
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r
f
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t
p
r
in
t
in
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ic
in
te
r
f
ac
e
[
1
]
.
Mo
d
u
lar
co
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
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th
e
b
etter
ch
o
ic
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in
th
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tag
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v
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win
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r
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y
an
d
in
d
e
p
en
d
en
t
c
o
n
tr
o
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[
2
]
.
Mu
ltip
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o
in
t
in
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g
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atio
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als
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r
ed
u
ce
s
in
f
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astru
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ir
em
en
ts
an
d
lo
s
s
es
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g
r
i
d
in
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g
r
atio
n
[
3
]
.
Va
r
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u
s
u
n
co
n
v
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tio
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al
t
o
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o
lo
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in
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ize
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s
witch
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ca
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r
s
o
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d
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th
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Var
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c
o
u
n
t
t
o
p
o
lo
g
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wer
e
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
[
4
]
f
o
r
d
r
iv
es
an
d
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
.
T
h
e
u
n
-
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
m
u
ltil
ev
el
g
en
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ati
o
n
r
eso
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ts
f
o
r
u
tili
zin
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s
witch
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cir
u
it c
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n
ec
tio
n
to
s
y
n
th
esize
v
o
ltag
e
lev
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in
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
[
5
]
-
[
7
]
with
eq
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v
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ltag
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lev
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o
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asy
m
m
et
r
ic
with
u
n
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v
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lev
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[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
I
n
all
th
ese
co
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v
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ter
s
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
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m
a
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ce
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te
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m
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s
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ev
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ltag
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with
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witch
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an
d
p
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s
h
ar
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am
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g
th
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m
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les.
Fu
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th
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,
ad
o
p
tio
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o
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lear
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p
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r
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[
1
0
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,
[
1
1
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an
d
also
p
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wer
f
lo
w
co
n
tr
o
l
is
r
ep
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ted
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r
id
c
o
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n
ec
ted
r
en
ewa
b
le
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Po
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&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Ma
ch
in
e
lea
r
n
in
g
b
a
s
ed
o
p
tima
l c
o
n
tr
o
l o
f m
o
d
u
la
r
co
n
v
erter
fo
r
P
V
a
s
s
is
ted
…
(
S
r
u
n
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a
r
a
m
R
a
vi
Teja
)
2571
T
h
e
is
s
u
es
p
er
tain
in
g
to
s
y
n
c
h
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o
n
izatio
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co
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tr
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l
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lt
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o
r
t
cir
c
u
it
f
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wer
e
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ep
o
r
ted
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
,
w
h
er
e
in
p
o
s
s
ib
le
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
s
y
n
ch
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izatio
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r
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g
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id
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o
f
r
en
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le
s
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s
tem
s
wer
e
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ep
o
r
ted
.
Mitig
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o
f
d
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tu
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b
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s
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tain
in
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to
t
h
e
q
u
ality
o
f
p
o
wer
ex
p
o
r
t
wer
e
d
ea
lt
in
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
PV
en
er
g
y
esti
m
atio
n
wer
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
i
n
[
1
6
]
.
Po
wer
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
b
ased
o
n
o
p
tim
al
d
em
an
d
was
p
r
esen
ted
in
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
Var
io
u
s
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
wh
ich
in
clu
d
e
p
o
licy
ap
p
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x
im
at
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n
s
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
i
n
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
9
]
,
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
ass
ess
m
en
t
f
o
r
PV
s
izin
g
[
2
0
]
,
e
n
s
em
b
le
lear
n
in
g
f
o
r
f
a
u
lt
d
etec
tio
n
in
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
[
2
1
]
,
m
ac
h
i
n
e
lear
n
in
g
f
o
r
PV
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
ec
a
s
tin
g
[
2
2
]
,
clu
s
ter
in
g
an
d
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
e
n
er
g
y
esti
m
atio
n
[
2
3
]
,
Ad
alin
e
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
2
4
]
,
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
,
im
p
r
o
v
ed
f
o
r
ec
a
s
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
ca
p
ac
ity
f
ir
m
in
g
[
2
7
]
.
All
th
e
s
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies
in
v
o
l
v
e
m
u
ltip
le
s
tag
e
c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
,
co
m
p
lex
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
an
d
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
b
ased
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
o
r
y
an
d
p
o
wer
f
lo
w
co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
PV
ass
is
ted
elec
tr
ical
s
y
s
tem
s
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
asp
ec
ts
f
o
r
a
n
o
n
-
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al,
y
et
m
o
d
u
lar
to
p
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
PV
p
o
wer
in
teg
r
atio
n
to
g
r
id
b
y
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
th
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
o
f
r
eliab
ili
ty
,
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
a
n
d
s
in
g
le
s
tag
e
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
also
p
r
esen
ts
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
b
ased
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
y
co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
PV
en
er
g
y
esti
m
atio
n
an
d
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
lo
a
d
d
em
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
i
s
o
r
g
an
ized
as
:
i)
Sectio
n
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
n
in
etee
n
-
lev
el
in
v
er
ter
-
b
ased
to
p
o
lo
g
y
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
h
ig
h
p
o
wer
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
;
ii)
Ob
jectiv
es
an
d
s
c
h
em
es
o
f
in
teg
r
ated
in
tellig
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
;
iii)
Sectio
n
4
p
r
esen
ts
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
v
alid
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
; a
n
d
i
v
)
Sectio
n
5
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
p
ap
e
r
.
2.
SYST
E
M
DE
SCRI
P
T
I
O
N
T
h
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
o
f
s
in
g
le
-
s
tag
e
b
i
-
m
o
d
u
lar
in
v
er
te
r
b
ased
g
r
i
d
co
n
n
ec
te
d
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
PV
)
s
y
s
tem
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
a
v
a
ilab
le
PV
s
o
u
r
ce
is
b
u
n
d
led
i
n
to
th
r
ee
s
tr
in
g
s
p
er
ea
ch
p
h
a
s
e
wh
ich
g
en
e
r
ate
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els
o
f
2
4
0
V,
8
0
V,
an
d
4
0
V
w
h
ich
f
o
r
m
VP
V1
,
VPV2
,
an
d
VPV3
r
es
p
ec
tiv
ely
.
A
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
th
u
s
co
n
s
titu
tes
f
r
o
m
n
in
e
s
tr
in
g
s
o
f
PV a
r
r
a
y
s
.
B
i
-
m
o
d
u
lar
in
v
er
ter
as sh
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
w
h
ich
ar
e
f
ed
f
r
o
m
PV
s
o
u
r
ce
g
e
n
er
a
te
AC
v
o
ltag
e
with
a
m
in
im
u
m
o
f
s
ev
en
lev
els
an
d
m
ax
im
u
m
o
f
n
in
etee
n
lev
els
in
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
v
o
ltag
e
th
u
s
g
en
er
a
ted
is
in
teg
r
ated
to
g
r
id
th
r
o
u
g
h
L
C
L
f
ilter
a
n
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
T
h
e
lo
ca
l
lo
a
d
s
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
cr
itical
lo
ad
s
f
o
r
wh
ic
h
n
o
in
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
in
th
e
s
u
p
p
ly
is
allo
wed
an
d
tim
e
s
h
if
t
allo
wed
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
l
o
ad
s
f
o
r
wh
ich
l
o
ad
d
em
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
is
ap
p
lied
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
b
i
-
m
o
d
u
la
r
n
in
etee
n
-
lev
el
in
v
er
te
r
f
o
r
s
in
g
le
-
s
tag
e
PV
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
in
w
h
ich
m
o
d
u
le
M1
p
r
o
v
id
e
lo
wer
th
r
e
e
lev
els
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
i
n
co
m
b
in
ati
o
n
with
m
o
d
u
le
M2
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
th
e
u
p
p
er
6
lev
e
ls
in
ea
ch
h
alf
cy
cle.
T
h
e
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ig
n
als to
ea
ch
s
witch
ar
e
g
e
n
er
ated
as f
o
llo
ws
:
T
h
e
ca
r
r
ier
wa
v
ef
o
r
m
p
er
tain
i
n
g
to
k
th
s
witch
in
g
p
er
io
d
is
g
i
v
en
as
(
1
)
.
(
t)
=
{
−
1
+
4
9
(
−
)
,
(
)
<
≤
(
+
1
6
)
−
25
27
−
2
9
(
−
(
+
1
6
)
,
(
+
1
6
)
<
≤
(
+
1
3
)
)
−
26
27
+
4
9
(
−
(
+
1
3
)
)
,
(
+
1
3
)
<
≤
(
+
1
2
)
−
8
9
−
4
9
(
−
(
+
1
2
)
)
,
(
+
1
2
)
<
≤
(
+
2
3
)
−
26
27
+
2
9
(
−
(
+
2
3
)
)
,
(
+
2
3
)
<
≤
(
+
5
6
)
−
25
27
−
4
9
(
−
(
+
5
6
)
)
,
(
+
5
6
)
<
≤
(
+
1
)
}
(
1
)
F
o
r
k
=
0
,
1,
2,
3
,
.
.
.
∞
.
W
h
er
e,
T
is
tim
e
-
p
er
i
o
d
f
o
r
o
n
e
s
witch
in
g
c
y
cle
with
=
2
is
th
e
an
g
u
lar
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
.
T
h
en
,
th
e
lev
el
s
h
if
ted
ca
r
r
ier
wav
e
f
o
r
m
s
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
as
(
2
)
.
(
−
9
)
(
)
=
9
+
(
t)
(
2
)
F
o
r
x
=
0
,
1
,
2
,
…,
1
8
r
e
p
r
esen
t
th
e
eig
h
teen
lev
el
s
h
if
ted
ca
r
r
ier
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
s
ig
n
al
is
g
iv
en
as
(
3
)
.
(
)
=
s
in
(
)
(
3
)
W
ith
|
|
≤
1
an
d
is
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
an
g
u
lar
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
f
o
r
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
lta
g
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
s
witch
in
g
in
s
tan
ts
in
ea
c
h
s
witch
in
g
p
er
io
d
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
ca
r
r
ier
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
with
n
atu
r
al
s
am
p
lin
g
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
with
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
im
p
licit r
elatio
n
s
,
as in
(
4
)
an
d
(
5
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
2
4
:
2570
-
2
5
7
9
2572
(
−
9
)
=
+
4
(
1
+
(
(
−
9
)
)
)
(
4
)
(
−
9
)
=
+
4
(
3
−
(
(
−
9
)
)
)
(
5
)
W
h
er
e,
(
−
9
)
,
an
d
(
−
9
)
ar
e
lead
in
g
an
d
t
r
ailin
g
s
witch
in
g
in
s
tan
ts
o
f
x
th
ca
r
r
ier
in
k
th
s
witch
in
g
p
er
io
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Mu
lti
-
in
p
u
t p
o
in
t sin
g
le
s
tag
e
m
o
d
u
la
r
PV sy
s
tem
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Mo
d
u
lar
n
in
etee
n
-
le
v
el
in
v
er
ter
3.
I
NT
E
G
RA
T
E
D
SUPER
VIS
O
RY
AND
P
O
WE
R
F
L
O
W
CO
NT
RO
L
T
h
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
in
teg
r
ated
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
p
o
wer
f
lo
w
co
n
tr
o
l
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
th
e
in
teg
r
ated
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
in
clu
d
e
ex
tr
ac
tin
g
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
to
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
at
an
y
g
iv
en
in
s
tan
ce
an
d
ex
p
o
r
t
o
f
p
o
wer
to
th
e
g
r
id
at
u
n
ity
p
o
wer
f
a
cto
r
.
T
h
e
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
o
r
y
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
b
jectiv
es
in
clu
d
e
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
PV
e
n
er
g
y
f
o
r
s
u
cc
ee
d
in
g
h
o
u
r
an
d
lo
a
d
d
e
m
an
d
co
n
t
r
o
l
th
r
o
u
g
h
tim
e
s
h
if
tin
g
o
f
allo
wa
b
le
lo
ad
s
f
o
r
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
p
r
icin
g
f
o
r
ex
p
o
r
t a
n
d
im
p
o
r
t o
f
g
r
id
en
e
r
g
y
.
Vo
ltag
es
an
d
cu
r
r
en
ts
o
f
PV
ar
r
ay
s
ar
e
s
en
s
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
to
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
.
Sli
d
in
g
m
o
d
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
(
SMC
)
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
ex
tr
a
ctin
g
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t
(
MPP)
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
d
eter
m
in
e
P
V
ar
r
ay
p
o
wer
.
T
h
e
PV
p
o
wer
alo
n
g
with
g
r
ad
ie
n
t
o
f
PV
p
o
wer
wit
h
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
weig
h
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
an
d
s
tep
s
ize
in
ea
ch
iter
atio
n
to
tr
ac
k
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Ma
ch
in
e
lea
r
n
in
g
b
a
s
ed
o
p
tima
l c
o
n
tr
o
l o
f m
o
d
u
la
r
co
n
v
erter
fo
r
P
V
a
s
s
is
ted
…
(
S
r
u
n
g
a
r
a
m
R
a
vi
Teja
)
2573
C
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
s
in
g
le
s
tag
e
m
o
d
u
lar
in
v
er
te
r
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Vo
ltag
es
an
d
cu
r
r
en
ts
o
f
g
r
i
d
p
h
ase
ar
e
s
en
s
ed
f
o
r
cu
r
r
en
t
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
f
m
o
d
u
lar
i
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
e
r
r
o
r
in
o
b
tain
ed
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
v
o
ltag
e
f
r
o
m
MPP
co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
ac
tu
al
PV
a
r
r
ay
v
o
ltag
e
s
er
v
e
as
in
p
u
t
to
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
in
teg
r
al
(
PI
)
co
n
tr
o
ller
wh
ich
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
r
atio
o
f
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
cu
r
r
en
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
.
Ar
tific
ial
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
(
ANN)
o
f
p
atter
n
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
m
o
d
el
is
u
tili
ze
d
a
s
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
PI
c
o
n
t
r
o
ller
c
o
ef
f
icien
ts
.
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
in
MPP
D
C
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
PV
ar
r
ay
v
o
ltag
e
is
f
ed
as
in
p
u
t
to
ANN
wh
ich
is
tr
ain
ed
to
g
en
er
ate
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
co
ef
f
icien
ts
s
u
ch
th
at
e
r
r
o
r
is
m
in
im
ized
to
ze
r
o
u
p
o
n
ch
a
n
g
e
in
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
.
Sig
m
o
id
ac
tiv
a
tio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
n
eu
r
o
n
s
.
A
tr
ain
in
g
s
et
o
f
8
4
in
s
ize
with
v
alid
atio
n
s
et
o
f
1
5
p
er
ce
n
t
an
d
test
s
et
o
f
1
5
p
er
ce
n
t
is
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
p
h
ase
r
ef
er
en
ce
is
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
ze
r
o
cr
o
s
s
in
g
in
s
tan
ts
o
f
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
p
h
ase
v
o
ltag
es.
T
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
th
ese
two
d
eter
m
in
es
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
cu
r
r
e
n
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
f
o
r
ea
c
h
p
h
ase.
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
in
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
an
d
ac
t
u
al
cu
r
r
en
ts
s
er
v
e
as
r
ef
er
en
ce
wav
ef
o
r
m
f
o
r
g
en
er
atin
g
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
PW
M
)
g
atin
g
s
ig
n
als
with
l
ev
el
-
s
h
if
ted
ca
r
r
ies
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
T
h
e
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
y
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
P
V
g
en
er
atio
n
esti
m
atio
n
an
d
lo
ad
d
em
a
n
d
co
n
tr
o
l
ar
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ANN
b
ased
alg
o
r
ith
m
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
p
atter
n
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
ANN
n
etwo
r
k
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
is
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
s
u
p
e
r
v
is
o
r
y
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
g
e
n
er
alize
d
m
o
d
el
wa
s
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
in
wh
i
ch
th
e
tim
e
v
ar
y
in
g
in
p
u
ts
as
an
ar
r
ay
with
m
u
ltip
le
f
ea
tu
r
es,
h
id
d
e
n
lay
er
s
,
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
lay
er
s
to
g
en
er
ate
r
eq
u
ir
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
.
T
h
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
ir
r
ad
ia
n
ce
s
er
v
e
as
in
p
u
ts
f
o
r
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
PV
en
e
r
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
c
tio
n
f
o
r
s
u
cc
ee
d
in
g
h
o
u
r
.
T
h
e
in
itial
v
alu
es
o
f
wh
ic
h
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
n
d
tr
ain
e
d
with
h
o
u
r
ly
d
ata
s
e
ts
.
T
h
e
weig
h
ts
ar
e
u
p
d
ated
f
o
r
o
p
tim
al
v
alu
e
o
f
esti
m
ated
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
s
am
e
n
etwo
r
k
is
also
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
o
p
tim
al
en
er
g
y
p
r
icin
g
.
Selli
n
g
p
r
ice
o
f
en
er
g
y
an
d
p
u
r
ch
a
s
in
g
p
r
ice
o
f
en
er
g
y
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
cc
ee
d
in
g
h
o
u
r
ar
e
tak
en
as
in
p
u
ts
f
o
r
th
e
p
atter
n
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
ANN
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
ANN
alg
o
r
ith
m
th
e
n
d
ete
r
m
in
es
th
e
o
p
tim
al
s
ch
ed
u
le
o
f
lo
ca
l
lo
a
d
s
s
u
ch
th
at
n
et
en
er
g
y
p
r
icin
g
is
m
ax
im
ized
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
e
c
r
itical
lo
ad
s
ar
e
u
n
in
ter
r
u
p
ted
d
u
r
in
g
th
is
s
ch
ed
u
le.
T
h
e
lo
a
d
s
wh
ich
allo
w
f
o
r
tim
e
s
h
if
t
a
r
e
ass
ig
n
ed
p
r
io
r
ity
lev
els
wh
ic
h
s
er
v
e
as
tr
ain
in
g
d
ata
s
et.
T
h
e
av
ailab
le
en
er
g
y
u
p
o
n
o
p
tim
al
en
er
g
y
p
r
icin
g
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
a
n
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
io
r
ity
lev
el
s
lo
ad
s
ar
e
tim
e
ad
v
an
c
ed
o
r
d
elay
e
d
f
o
r
n
et
p
r
o
f
it i
n
en
er
g
y
p
r
icin
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l b
lo
c
k
d
iag
r
a
m
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Ma
x
im
u
m
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t c
o
n
tr
o
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
2
4
:
2570
-
2
5
7
9
2574
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Mo
d
u
lar
n
in
etee
n
-
le
v
el
in
v
er
ter
c
u
r
r
e
n
t c
o
n
tr
o
l
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Ma
ch
i
n
e
lear
n
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
in
te
g
r
ated
in
tellig
en
t c
o
n
tr
o
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Ma
ch
in
e
lea
r
n
in
g
b
a
s
ed
o
p
tima
l c
o
n
tr
o
l o
f m
o
d
u
la
r
co
n
v
erter
fo
r
P
V
a
s
s
is
ted
…
(
S
r
u
n
g
a
r
a
m
R
a
vi
Teja
)
2575
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Ma
ch
i
n
e
lear
n
in
g
s
c
h
em
e
f
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
tr
o
l
4.
SI
M
L
U
L
A
T
I
O
N
R
E
SU
L
T
S
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
an
d
in
teg
r
ated
co
n
t
r
o
l
ar
e
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
in
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
.
Simu
latio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
p
r
io
r
ity
o
f
lo
ad
s
is
s
h
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
2
wh
ich
d
e
p
icts
th
e
tim
e
s
h
if
t
allo
wed
lo
ad
s
an
d
cr
itical
lo
ad
s
wh
ich
s
er
v
e
as
p
ar
am
eter
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
o
p
tim
al
en
er
g
y
p
r
icin
g
f
o
r
esti
m
ated
h
o
u
r
ly
PV
en
er
g
y
.
Ho
u
r
ly
d
at
a
s
ets
o
f
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
with
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
en
er
g
y
g
en
er
ate
d
b
y
PV
ar
r
ay
s
o
n
a
ty
p
ical
s
u
n
n
y
d
ay
at
Gu
n
tu
r
,
An
d
h
r
a
Pra
d
esh
,
I
n
d
ia
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
in
T
ab
le
3
.
Fifty
o
f
s
u
ch
d
ata
s
ets
p
er
tain
in
g
to
d
if
f
e
r
en
t c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
a
n
d
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
tr
ain
in
g
ANN.
T
ab
le
1
.
Simu
latio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
P
V
p
o
w
e
r
r
a
t
i
n
g
1
M
W
V
PV1
, V
PV2
, V
PV3
(
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
p
h
a
s
e
)
4
0
V
,
8
0
V
,
2
4
0
V
R
a
t
e
d
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
2
3
0
V
(
R
M
S
)
L
1
,
L
2
0
.
1
8
p
u
,
0
.
0
7
p
u
C
3
0
.
7
7
p
u
T
ab
le
2
.
L
o
ad
p
r
io
r
ity
Lo
a
d
t
ype
P
r
i
o
r
i
t
y
R
e
f
r
i
g
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
1
V
e
n
t
i
l
a
t
i
o
n
1
I
l
l
u
mi
n
a
t
i
o
n
0
.
7
A
i
r
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
i
n
g
0
.
6
P
u
mp
i
n
g
0
.
4
T
ab
le
3
.
Sam
p
le
tr
ai
n
in
g
d
ata
-
h
o
u
r
ly
d
ata
PV f
o
r
en
er
g
y
esti
m
atio
n
Ti
me
i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
(
H
H
:
M
M
)
I
r
r
a
d
i
a
n
c
e
(
W
/
m
2
)
Te
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
(
°
C)
N
o
r
mal
i
z
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
(
%)
1
3
:
0
0
5
0
4
41
2
5
.
3
9
4
7
2
5
9
3
1
3
:
0
5
4
6
5
41
2
3
.
1
3
5
6
1
4
8
1
1
3
:
1
0
4
6
5
41
2
3
.
1
3
5
6
1
4
8
1
1
3
:
1
5
4
8
7
41
2
4
.
4
0
9
9
8
5
1
9
1
3
:
2
0
5
6
9
42
2
8
.
9
2
2
4
1
4
8
1
1
3
:
2
5
5
0
5
42
2
5
.
2
1
5
1
5
5
5
6
1
3
:
3
0
4
7
4
42
2
3
.
4
1
9
4
5
1
8
5
4
.
1
.
P
o
wer
f
lo
w
co
ntr
o
l
A
s
tep
ch
an
g
e
in
i
r
r
ad
ian
ce
f
r
o
m
1
0
0
0
W
/m
2
to
8
0
0
W
/m
2
is
cr
ea
ted
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
is
ch
an
g
e
in
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
,
V
P
V
an
d
I
PV
c
h
an
g
e
to
n
ew
v
al
u
es
with
in
0
.
4
s
ec
.
T
h
e
p
o
wer
s
ettled
to
a
n
ew
m
ax
im
u
m
v
alu
e
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
to
8
0
0
W
/m
2
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
in
teg
r
ated
MPP
co
n
tr
o
l
is
ac
cu
r
ate
in
tr
ac
k
in
g
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
o
wer
f
o
r
ch
an
g
e
in
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
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8
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I
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rg
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,
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ste
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telli
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telli
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t
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o
l
,
a
n
d
d
ig
it
a
l
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ra
ry
.
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c
a
n
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e
c
o
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tac
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m
a
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sru
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ra
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ra
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it
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c
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p
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rin
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fr
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(
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.
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.
(
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w
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e
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tro
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ics
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fr
o
m
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i
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fro
m
JN
TU
Hy
d
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ra
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(
2
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).
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is
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u
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t
ly
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g
a
s
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ss
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c
iate
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ro
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ss
o
r
a
n
d
h
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a
d
o
f
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
EE
E
a
t
Un
i
v
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rsity
Co
l
leg
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n
g
i
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rin
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ra
sa
ra
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p
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Ka
k
in
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a
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rc
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tere
sts
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re
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th
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s
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stim
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ti
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in
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c
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m
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t
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teg
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
re
n
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wa
b
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rc
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f
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t
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ri
d
,
a
n
d
sw
it
c
h
m
o
d
e
p
o
we
r
su
p
p
l
i
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s.
He
is
a
l
ife
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
IS
T
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a
n
d
se
n
i
o
r
m
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m
b
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r
o
f
IEE
E.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
k
y
a
d
lap
a
ti
@ie
e
e
.
o
r
g
.
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