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ra
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e
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ti
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s
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a
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n
d
e
l
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re
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x
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g
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h
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v
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e
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e
ra
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sim
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.
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is
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n
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ra
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ly
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ra
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ro
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tag
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se
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p
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ls
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(P
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n
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ls
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n
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rd
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re
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in
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e
tail.
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g
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t
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t
v
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lt
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t
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h
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rd
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t
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imu
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rd
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re
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ti
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ss
.
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p
ro
p
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se
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g
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g
e
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e
ra
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s
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a
rd
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re
tes
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s
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c
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c
e
d
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o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
lt
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g
e
o
f
1
4
.
1
2
k
V DC.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
Hig
h
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
PW
M
Hig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
DC
g
en
er
atio
n
Pu
s
h
-
p
u
ll in
v
er
te
r
Vo
ltag
e
m
u
ltip
lier
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
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SA
li
c
e
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se
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C
o
r
r
e
s
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A
uth
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r
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Ab
d
u
l Sy
ak
u
r
Dep
ar
tm
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t o
f
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lectr
ical
E
n
g
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in
g
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Facu
lty
o
f
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n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
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Un
iv
er
s
itas
Dip
o
n
eg
o
r
o
Sem
ar
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g
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C
en
tr
al
J
av
a
5
0
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n
d
o
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s
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I
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UCT
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Hig
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m
p
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tan
t
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o
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in
th
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v
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ce
m
en
t
o
f
elec
tr
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tech
n
o
lo
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C
o
m
m
o
n
ly
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ec
o
g
n
ized
ar
e
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ee
ty
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o
f
h
ig
h
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v
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ltag
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ce
s
:
alter
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ati
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g
c
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r
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t
(
AC
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h
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ltag
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d
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r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e,
an
d
im
p
u
ls
e
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
[
1
]
.
DC
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
f
in
d
s
ex
ten
s
iv
e
u
s
e
in
te
s
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d
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esear
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d
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v
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r
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
r
o
b
u
s
t
DC
p
o
wer
[
2
]
-
[
4
]
.
Pre
s
en
tly
,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
ar
e
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
h
i
g
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
D
C
[
5
]
.
DC
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
is
u
s
ed
in
m
an
y
ar
ea
s
o
f
elec
tr
ical
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
an
d
ap
p
lied
p
h
y
s
ics,
s
u
ch
as
elec
tr
o
n
m
i
cr
o
s
co
p
es,
X
-
r
ay
s
,
elec
tr
o
s
tat
ic
p
r
ec
ip
itato
r
s
,
p
ar
ticle
ac
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ler
ato
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s
in
n
u
clea
r
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h
y
s
ics,
d
ielec
tr
ic
test
in
g
,
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
Desp
ite
a
d
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
,
ex
is
tin
g
h
ig
h
-
v
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lt
ag
e
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e
n
er
atio
n
eq
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ip
m
en
t
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n
co
u
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ter
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ch
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co
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ce
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n
in
g
s
ize,
o
p
er
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,
co
s
t,
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
.
No
ta
b
ly
,
DC
h
ig
h
-
v
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ltag
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g
en
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ato
r
s
,
ty
p
ically
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e
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atin
g
at
a
2
2
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V
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
with
a
lo
w
f
r
eq
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e
n
cy
o
f
5
0
Hz
[
8
]
,
g
ar
n
er
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
atten
tio
n
[
9
]
.
T
o
g
et
h
i
g
h
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v
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ltag
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d
ir
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t
c
u
r
r
en
t
or
HV
DC
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
lo
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in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
es,
d
if
f
er
en
t
tech
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s
ed
,
s
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ch
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tep
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u
p
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s
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o
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m
e
r
s
[
1
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,
v
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tag
e
d
o
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b
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s
[
1
1
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,
[
1
2
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,
m
u
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cir
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[
1
3
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,
ch
ar
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p
u
m
p
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[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
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witch
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ca
p
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its
[
1
6
]
-
[
1
8
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,
an
d
b
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o
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t
o
r
s
tep
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ter
s
[
1
9
]
.
A
h
ig
h
v
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ltag
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co
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v
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s
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atio
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ec
o
m
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m
o
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an
d
m
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im
p
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r
tan
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in
m
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
Dr
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t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Desig
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imp
leme
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ta
tio
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o
f
h
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h
v
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lta
g
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DC
g
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s
ystem
b
a
s
ed
…
(
Lu
th
fiyya
tu
n
Ma
r
d
iya
h
)
2389
s
ettin
g
s
.
F
o
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a
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p
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d
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r
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h
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n
g
s
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s
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i
b
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e
.
C
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v
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u
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o
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ch
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ch
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s
u
b
o
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f
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d
d
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o
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n
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o
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lar
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o
n
g
DC
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
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alto
n
v
o
ltag
e
m
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ltip
lier
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a
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s
ca
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ed
v
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e
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er
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is
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m
m
o
n
l
y
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s
ed
in
a
v
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o
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licatio
n
s
b
ec
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s
e
its
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m
p
o
n
en
ts
co
n
s
is
t
o
n
ly
o
f
d
io
d
es
an
d
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
T
h
is
v
o
ltag
e
m
u
ltip
lier
co
n
v
e
r
ts
th
e
AC
v
o
ltag
e
at
th
e
in
p
u
t
s
id
e
in
to
a
h
ig
h
e
r
DC
v
o
ltag
e
[
2
2
]
.
An
i
n
v
er
ter
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
co
n
v
er
t
th
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
in
to
an
AC
v
o
ltag
e,
wh
ich
th
en
u
n
d
er
g
o
es
m
u
ltip
licatio
n
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
s
m
all
in
p
u
t
DC
p
o
wer
v
o
ltag
e
.
Dif
f
er
en
t
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ca
n
d
esig
n
in
v
er
t
er
s
to
o
p
er
ate
with
v
ar
io
u
s
v
o
l
tag
e
r
an
g
es a
n
d
to
p
o
lo
g
ies [
2
3
]
.
A
p
u
s
h
-
p
u
ll
in
v
er
ter
is
a
ty
p
e
o
f
DC
-
AC
in
v
er
ter
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
t
h
at
u
s
es
a
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
to
co
n
v
e
r
t
v
o
ltag
e
f
r
o
m
a
DC
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
e
p
u
s
h
-
p
u
ll
in
v
er
ter
'
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
f
ea
tu
r
e
is
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
two
s
witch
es
to
ch
an
g
e
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
o
n
th
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
'
s
s
u
p
p
ly
s
id
e
,
ca
u
s
in
g
it
to
f
u
n
ctio
n
lik
e
it
d
o
es
in
AC
p
o
wer
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
v
o
ltag
e
o
n
its
o
u
tp
u
t
s
id
e
[
2
4
]
.
Pu
s
h
-
p
u
ll
in
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
k
n
o
wn
f
o
r
t
h
eir
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
in
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
wav
ef
o
r
m
o
u
tp
u
ts
an
d
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
o
p
e
r
ate
at
h
ig
h
f
r
e
q
u
en
cies
[
2
5
]
.
On
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
a
n
d
,
th
e
C
o
ck
c
r
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
cir
cu
it
is
a
ty
p
e
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
m
u
ltip
lier
t
h
at
ca
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
v
o
ltag
e
g
r
ad
u
ally
u
s
in
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
a
n
d
d
i
o
d
es
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
W
e
ex
p
ec
t
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
th
ese
two
elem
e
n
ts
to
y
ield
a
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
r
eliab
le
v
o
ltag
e
m
u
ltip
lier
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
er
e
h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
an
y
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
ts
in
s
o
lv
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
g
en
er
atio
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
.
So
m
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
a
v
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
DC
-
DC
co
n
v
er
ter
with
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
[
5
]
.
I
n
[
2
8
]
,
a
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
C
o
c
k
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
an
d
Dick
s
o
n
ch
ar
g
e
p
u
m
p
s
was
u
s
ed
.
A
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
an
d
Ma
r
x
g
en
er
ato
r
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
t in
[
2
9
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
e
r
,
we
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
DC
g
en
er
ato
r
h
ar
d
war
e
with
a
lo
w
DC
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
in
p
u
t.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
d
e
s
ig
n
s
a
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
DC
g
en
e
r
ato
r
th
at
n
o
t
o
n
ly
h
as
a
lo
w
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
b
u
t
is
also
p
o
r
tab
le,
e
f
f
icien
t,
ea
s
y
to
m
ak
e,
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
ally
af
f
o
r
d
ab
le.
T
h
is
h
ar
d
war
e
d
esig
n
u
s
es
DC
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
f
r
o
m
b
atter
ies
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
p
u
s
h
-
p
u
ll
in
v
er
ter
.
T
h
e
p
u
s
h
-
p
u
ll
in
v
er
ter
co
n
v
er
ts
DC
v
o
ltag
e
in
to
AC
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
in
teg
r
ates
with
th
e
C
o
ck
c
r
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
cir
cu
it
t
o
b
o
o
s
t
v
o
ltag
e
at
ea
ch
s
tag
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
an
d
d
i
o
d
es.
W
e
d
esig
n
a
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
DC
g
e
n
er
ato
r
th
at
i
n
teg
r
ates
a
p
u
s
h
-
p
u
ll
in
v
er
ter
,
a
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
cir
cu
it,
an
d
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
Nan
o
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
'
s
p
u
ls
e
w
id
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
PW
M)
s
ig
n
als.
W
e
aim
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t,
b
ett
er
,
af
f
o
r
d
a
b
le,
an
d
r
eliab
le
v
o
ltag
e
m
u
ltip
l
ier
s
y
s
tem
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
m
ee
t
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
n
ee
d
s
in
v
ar
io
u
s
a
p
p
licatio
n
c
o
n
tex
ts
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
also
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
i
g
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
DC
g
en
er
ato
r
h
ar
d
war
e.
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
s
im
u
latio
n
s
v
er
i
f
y
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
is
ci
r
cu
it.
W
e
d
is
cu
s
s
in
d
etail
th
e
d
esig
n
an
d
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
h
ig
h
-
v
o
lta
g
e
DC
g
en
er
ato
r
h
ar
d
war
e.
W
e
p
r
esen
t
h
ar
d
war
e
r
esu
lts
to
f
u
r
t
h
er
v
alid
ate
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
a
p
u
s
h
-
p
u
ll
in
v
er
ter
w
ith
a
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
v
o
ltag
e
m
u
l
tip
lier
cir
cu
it.
2.
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
H
I
G
H
DC
G
E
NE
R
AT
I
O
N
SYS
T
E
M
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
DC
-
g
en
er
atin
g
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
s
ch
em
atic
b
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
DC
g
en
er
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
wh
ich
in
t
eg
r
ates
a
p
u
s
h
-
p
u
ll
in
v
er
ter
with
a
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
v
o
ltag
e
m
u
ltip
lier
.
T
h
e
d
es
ig
n
ed
s
y
s
tem
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
DC
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
a
p
o
wer
cir
cu
it
th
at
in
clu
d
es
a
p
u
s
h
-
p
u
ll
in
v
e
r
ter
,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
,
an
d
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
v
o
ltag
e
m
u
ltip
lier
cir
cu
it.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
cir
cu
it
co
m
p
r
i
s
es
an
Ar
d
u
in
o
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
th
at
r
eg
u
lates
th
e
m
etal
-
o
x
id
e
-
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
f
ield
-
ef
f
ec
t tr
an
s
is
to
r
(
MO
SF
E
T
s
)
.
A
1
2
V
DC
v
o
ltag
e
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
,
w
h
ich
en
ter
s
th
e
p
u
s
h
-
p
u
ll
in
v
e
r
ter
cir
cu
it
an
d
is
co
n
v
e
r
ted
in
to
a
n
alter
n
atin
g
cu
r
r
en
t
(
AC
)
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
is
lo
w
-
r
ated
DC
v
o
ltag
e
u
n
d
er
g
o
es
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
in
th
e
in
v
e
r
ter
u
s
in
g
a
s
tep
-
u
p
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
,
co
n
v
e
r
tin
g
it
in
to
a
h
ig
h
-
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
4
0
0
V.
T
h
is
v
o
ltag
e
is
th
en
u
tili
ze
d
as
th
e
i
n
p
u
t
f
o
r
th
e
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
v
o
ltag
e
m
u
ltip
lier
c
ir
cu
it.
As
a
co
n
tr
o
l
cir
cu
it,
an
Ar
d
u
in
o
Nan
o
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
g
e
n
er
ate
PW
M
s
ig
n
als.
A
f
ix
ed
s
wi
t
ch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
2
0
k
Hz
with
a
d
u
ty
cy
cle
o
f
4
7
%
is
estab
lis
h
ed
.
T
h
e
PW
M
s
ig
n
al
is
tr
an
s
m
itted
to
th
e
g
ate
d
r
iv
er
an
d
MO
SF
E
T
.
2
.
1
.
P
us
h
-
pu
ll inv
er
t
er
A
p
u
s
h
-
p
u
ll
in
v
er
ter
is
a
ty
p
e
o
f
elec
tr
o
n
ic
cir
c
u
it
u
s
ed
to
co
n
v
er
t
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(
DC
)
p
o
wer
in
to
alter
n
atin
g
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(
AC
)
p
o
wer
.
I
t
o
p
e
r
a
t
e
s
b
y
a
l
t
e
r
n
at
e
l
y
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
tw
o
t
r
a
n
s
is
t
o
r
s
(
u
s
u
al
l
y
b
i
p
o
l
a
r
j
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
t
r
a
n
s
is
t
o
r
s
o
r
M
OS
F
E
T
s
)
o
n
a
n
d
o
f
f
i
n
a
p
u
s
h
-
p
u
l
l
f
a
s
h
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
k
e
y
p
r
i
n
c
i
p
l
e
b
e
h
i
n
d
t
h
e
p
u
s
h
-
p
u
l
l
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
i
s
i
ts
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
AC
o
u
t
p
u
t
b
y
d
r
i
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
l
o
a
d
a
l
t
e
r
n
at
e
l
y
i
n
o
p
p
o
s
i
t
e
d
i
r
e
c
ti
o
n
s
.
T
h
is
is
ac
h
i
e
v
e
d
b
y
d
i
v
i
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
DC
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
i
n
t
o
t
w
o
h
a
l
v
e
s
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
t
o
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
a
c
e
n
t
e
r
-
ta
p
p
e
d
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
a
p
u
s
h
-
p
u
l
l
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
c
i
r
c
u
it
.
D
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
i
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
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b
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20
2
4
:
2388
-
2
3
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u
r
e
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ates
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3
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[
3
1
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Fig
u
r
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u
r
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2
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s
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p
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F
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g
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r
e
3
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D
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1
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Fig
u
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4
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ates
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R
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o
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ate
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6
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c
h
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it r
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o
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with
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ich
is
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n
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ted
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e
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d
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n
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ce
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ter
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ter
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al.
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h
e
p
r
im
ar
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o
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n
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ted
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ce
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ter
tap
.
On
th
e
s
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n
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ar
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id
e,
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e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
h
as a
s
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win
d
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n
s
is
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g
o
f
a
to
tal
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f
1
6
7
tu
r
n
s
.
As a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
h
as
a
g
ain
o
f
3
3
.
4
tim
es,
all
o
win
g
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a
p
p
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x
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m
ate
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tp
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t
v
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t
4
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8
V
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Desig
n
a
n
d
imp
leme
n
ta
tio
n
o
f
h
ig
h
v
o
lta
g
e
DC
g
en
era
tio
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s
ystem
b
a
s
ed
…
(
Lu
th
fiyya
tu
n
Ma
r
d
iya
h
)
2391
ter
m
in
al
o
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th
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V.
I
n
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er
to
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lcu
late
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o
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=
×
(
1
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T
o
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ate
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o
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(
PW
M)
s
ig
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Ar
d
u
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Nan
o
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tili
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.
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is
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r
o
g
r
am
m
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r
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ce
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ig
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ately
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r
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en
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.
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h
ese
PW
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s
ig
n
als
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e
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en
d
ir
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ted
to
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e
Gate
Dr
i
v
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cir
cu
it f
o
r
am
p
lific
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n
,
f
ac
ilit
at
in
g
th
e
d
r
iv
in
g
o
f
th
e
MO
SF
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T
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Sch
em
atic
m
o
d
el
o
f
p
u
s
h
-
p
u
ll in
v
er
ter
h
ar
d
war
e
cir
cu
it
3
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2
.
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n o
f
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c
k
cr
o
f
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lt
o
n
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h
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d
esig
n
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C
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ck
c
r
o
f
t
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to
n
cir
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it
in
teg
r
ates
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lev
el
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o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
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n
cir
cu
its
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
u
tp
u
ts
:
o
n
e
g
e
n
er
at
es
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
o
u
tp
u
t
wh
ile
th
e
o
th
er
g
e
n
er
ates
a
n
e
g
ativ
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
e
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
cir
cu
it
r
ec
eiv
es
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
u
p
p
ly
f
r
o
m
a
p
u
s
h
-
p
u
ll
in
v
e
r
ter
.
T
h
e
C
o
ck
c
r
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
h
ar
d
war
e
is
ass
em
b
led
u
s
in
g
FR
2
0
7
d
io
d
e
s
,
with
a
to
tal
o
f
2
0
d
io
d
es
em
p
lo
y
ed
.
T
h
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ty
p
e
o
f
d
io
d
e
is
ch
o
s
en
d
u
e
to
th
e
h
ig
h
-
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
AC
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
v
er
ter
,
wh
ich
o
p
er
ates
at
a
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
2
0
k
Hz.
T
h
e
FR
2
0
7
is
a
f
ast
r
ec
o
v
er
y
1
0
0
0
V,
2
A
Sch
o
ttk
y
r
ec
tifie
r
d
i
o
d
e
with
a
m
ax
im
u
m
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
2
5
k
Hz.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
u
tili
ze
s
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
o
f
th
e
1
0
μ
F
3
k
V
t
y
p
e,
with
a
to
tal
o
f
2
0
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
ci
r
cu
it
d
esig
n
u
tili
ze
s
2
0
d
io
d
es a
n
d
2
0
ca
p
a
cito
r
s
f
o
r
b
o
th
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
eg
ativ
e
cir
cu
its
.
B
y
co
m
b
in
i
n
g
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
eg
ativ
e
cir
cu
its
o
f
th
e
C
o
ck
c
r
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
will
r
esu
lt
in
a
4
0
tim
es
v
o
ltag
e
g
ai
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
d
ep
ict
th
e
s
ch
em
atic
m
o
d
el
o
f
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
h
ar
d
war
e
cir
cu
it.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Sch
em
atic
m
o
d
el
o
f
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
h
ar
d
war
e
ci
r
cu
it
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
2
4
:
2388
-
2
3
9
6
2392
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
Sim
ula
t
io
n
re
s
ults
A
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
s
im
u
latio
n
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
DC
g
en
er
ato
r
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lts
wer
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
o
s
e
o
f
a
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
C
o
ck
c
r
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
cir
cu
it,
wh
ich
was
s
u
p
p
lied
with
a
n
AC
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
4
0
0
.
8
V
R
MS
a
t
2
0
k
Hz.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
at
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ter
m
in
als
o
f
b
o
th
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
e
g
ativ
e
cir
cu
its
o
f
th
e
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
cir
cu
it,
as
w
ell
as
th
e
co
m
b
in
ed
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
two
cir
c
u
its
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
im
u
la
tio
n
m
o
d
el
o
f
t
h
e
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
cir
cu
it
with
an
AC
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t v
o
ltag
e
an
d
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
o
f
th
e
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
s
im
u
latio
n
cir
cu
i
t
with
an
AC
in
p
u
t a
r
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
7
(
a)
an
d
7
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
d
is
p
lay
ed
o
n
o
n
e
s
co
p
e.
T
h
e
g
r
ee
n
wa
v
ef
o
r
m
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
th
e
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
cir
c
u
it
with
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
cir
cu
it
with
a
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
7
.
0
9
k
V,
th
e
b
lu
e
wav
e
f
o
r
m
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
v
al
u
e
f
o
r
th
e
C
o
c
k
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
cir
cu
it
with
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
cir
c
u
it
with
a
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
-
7
.
0
6
k
V,
an
d
th
e
r
e
d
wav
ef
o
r
m
r
e
p
r
es
en
ts
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
v
al
u
es f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
eg
ativ
e
cir
c
u
its
with
a
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
1
4
.
1
5
k
V.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Simu
latio
n
m
o
d
el
o
f
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
cir
cu
it wit
h
AC
v
o
ltag
e
in
p
u
t
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Ou
t
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e
o
f
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
cir
cu
it
s
im
u
l
atio
n
with
AC
v
o
ltag
e
in
p
u
t in
(
a)
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
an
d
(
b
)
wa
v
e
f
o
r
m
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
DC
g
en
er
a
to
r
cir
cu
it
is
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
o
d
el
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
cir
cu
it
is
p
o
wer
ed
b
y
a
1
2
V
DC
in
p
u
t.
T
h
e
p
u
s
h
-
p
u
ll
in
v
e
r
ter
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
g
en
er
ate
a
s
q
u
ar
e
wav
e
AC
v
o
ltag
e
with
a
p
ea
k
o
f
4
0
0
.
8
V
at
a
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
2
0
k
Hz.
T
h
e
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
s
ec
tio
n
in
clu
d
es two
s
ep
ar
ate
cir
cu
its
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
b
o
th
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
eg
at
iv
e
v
o
ltag
es.
Fig
u
r
e
9
(
a)
a
n
d
(
b
)
illu
s
tr
at
e
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
o
f
th
e
C
o
ck
r
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
s
im
u
latio
n
cir
cu
it
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
i
g
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
DC
g
en
er
ato
r
as
th
e
in
p
u
t
.
T
h
e
g
r
ee
n
wav
ef
o
r
m
in
d
icate
s
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
C
o
ck
c
r
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
ci
r
cu
it,
wh
ich
is
7
.
3
4
k
V.
T
h
e
b
lu
e
wa
v
ef
o
r
m
s
h
o
ws
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
s
ec
tio
n
,
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
-
7
.
1
1
k
V.
T
h
e
r
ed
wav
ef
o
r
m
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
m
b
in
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
b
o
t
h
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
eg
ativ
e
s
ec
tio
n
s
in
to
tal
1
4
.
4
5
k
V.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
cir
c
u
it,
p
o
wer
ed
b
y
th
e
AC
v
o
ltag
e
in
p
u
t
an
d
th
e
p
u
s
h
-
p
u
ll
i
n
v
er
ter
in
p
u
t,
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
at
v
ar
io
u
s
g
ain
lev
els.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
,
alo
n
g
with
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
,
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
v
o
ltag
e
m
u
ltip
lier
cir
cu
it
is
ca
lcu
lated
as (
2
)
:
=
−
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
tag
es,
is
th
e
p
ea
k
in
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e
,
a
n
d
is
th
e
d
r
o
p
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
d
io
d
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Desig
n
a
n
d
imp
leme
n
ta
tio
n
o
f
h
ig
h
v
o
lta
g
e
DC
g
en
era
tio
n
s
ystem
b
a
s
ed
…
(
Lu
th
fiyya
tu
n
Ma
r
d
iya
h
)
2393
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Simu
latio
n
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
i
g
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
D
C
g
en
er
ato
r
cir
c
u
it
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Ou
t
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e
o
f
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
cir
cu
it si
m
u
l
atio
n
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
DC
g
en
er
ato
r
in
(
a)
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
an
d
(
b
)
wav
ef
o
r
m
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e
o
f
t
h
e
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
cir
cu
it
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
G
a
i
n
C
W
w
i
t
h
A
C
s
u
p
p
l
y
(
V
)
C
W
w
i
t
h
p
u
s
h
-
p
u
l
l
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
(V)
C
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
(
V
)
4
1
.
5
2
9
1
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8
5
8
1
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5
9
3
8
3
.
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.
9
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H
a
rdwa
re
re
s
ults
T
o
v
alid
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
ig
h
-
v
o
lta
g
e
DC
g
en
er
ato
r
s
y
s
tem
,
a
h
ar
d
war
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
s
h
o
ws
a
co
m
p
lete
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
th
e
DC
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
g
en
e
r
ato
r
,
wh
ich
in
teg
r
ates
a
p
u
s
h
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p
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ll
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ter
an
d
a
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o
c
k
cr
o
f
t
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W
alto
n
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At
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
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n
cir
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a
v
o
ltag
e
d
iv
id
er
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s
talled
,
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
1
0
o
f
2
.
2
MΩ
r
esis
to
r
s
co
n
n
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ted
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an
d
2
o
f
4
7
k
Ω
r
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to
r
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
p
ar
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T
h
is
v
o
ltag
e
d
iv
id
er
cir
cu
it
h
as
an
R
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alu
e
o
f
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an
d
a
n
R
2
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al
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3
k
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.
T
h
e
f
u
n
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o
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e
d
iv
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er
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e
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ig
h
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v
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u
tp
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th
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r
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u
it
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to
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r
DC
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o
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e,
m
a
k
in
g
it
m
ea
s
u
r
a
b
le
with
a
m
u
ltime
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.
T
h
e
v
o
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g
e
atten
u
atio
n
ac
h
iev
ed
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0
0
0
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
v
o
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e
d
iv
id
er
is
ca
lcu
late
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
(
3
)
:
=
2
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2
×
−
(
3
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W
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1
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2
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3
k
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,
a
n
d
−
is
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
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e
f
r
o
m
th
e
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
cir
c
u
it.
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
esti
n
g
th
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cted
h
ig
h
-
v
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l
tag
e
DC
g
en
er
at
o
r
h
ar
d
war
e
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
h
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wn
b
y
th
e
m
u
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ter
is
1
/1
0
0
0
o
f
th
e
ac
tu
al
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e,
i
n
d
icatin
g
th
at
th
e
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
DC
g
en
er
ato
r
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u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is
1
4
.
1
2
k
V
with
a
DC
in
p
u
t
v
o
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e
o
f
1
2
V
an
d
a
cu
r
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t
o
f
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6
5
A.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
,
h
ar
d
war
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t,
a
n
d
ca
lcu
l
ated
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
DC
g
en
er
ato
r
is
s
h
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
2
4
:
2388
-
2
3
9
6
2394
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
T
h
e
h
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g
h
-
v
o
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e
D
C
g
en
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ato
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h
a
r
d
war
e
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
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o
f
s
im
u
latio
n
,
h
ar
d
war
e,
an
d
ca
lcu
late
d
o
u
tp
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t v
o
ltag
e
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
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p
o
s
ed
h
ig
h
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v
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DC
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en
er
ato
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a
i
n
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mu
l
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t
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o
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u
l
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(
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H
a
r
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r
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7
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5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
h
as
p
r
esen
ted
th
e
d
esig
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an
d
ex
ec
u
tio
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o
f
h
a
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d
wa
r
e
f
o
r
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DC
h
ig
h
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v
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ltag
e
g
en
er
ato
r
,
wh
ich
in
teg
r
ates
a
p
u
s
h
-
p
u
ll
in
v
er
ter
with
a
C
o
ck
c
r
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
ci
r
c
u
it.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
cir
cu
it
was
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
u
tili
zin
g
an
Ar
d
u
in
o
Nan
o
,
wh
ich
is
en
er
g
ized
b
y
a
n
AT
Me
g
a
3
2
8
P
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
DC
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
en
e
r
atin
g
s
y
s
tem
was
ev
alu
ated
b
y
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
test
s
at
an
in
p
u
t
v
o
lt
a
g
e
o
f
1
2
V.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
cir
cu
it
th
at
was
d
iv
i
d
ed
in
t
o
two
s
ec
tio
n
s
:
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
ci
r
c
u
it
an
d
a
n
eg
ativ
e
C
o
ck
cr
o
f
t
-
W
alto
n
cir
cu
it.
E
ac
h
s
ec
tio
n
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
2
0
lev
e
ls
.
T
h
e
h
ar
d
war
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
t
y
ield
ed
co
n
clu
s
iv
e
r
es
u
lts
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
a
n
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
1
4
.
1
2
k
ilo
v
o
lts
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
s
y
s
tem
's
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
r
eliab
le
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ical
h
ig
h
-
v
o
l
tag
e
DC
g
en
er
atio
n
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
its
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
an
d
s
cien
tific
f
ield
s
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
r
ea
d
ily
av
ailab
le
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
an
d
a
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
an
is
m
e
n
s
u
r
es
c
o
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
ea
s
e
o
f
r
ep
licatio
n
,
with
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
aim
ed
at
o
p
tim
izin
g
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
b
r
o
a
d
er
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
ex
p
r
ess
g
r
atitu
d
e
to
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Dip
o
n
eg
o
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f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
th
e
r
esear
ch
f
ac
ilit
ies.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
au
th
o
r
ex
p
r
ess
g
r
atitu
d
e
to
Dea
n
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
Facu
lty
f
o
r
f
u
n
d
in
g
th
e
r
esear
ch
b
y
s
tr
ateg
ic
r
esear
ch
g
r
a
n
t w
ith
n
u
m
b
er
5
3
/UN7
.
F3
/HK/V/2
0
2
4
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
J.
A
h
ma
d
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
mu
l
t
i
p
l
i
e
r
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
b
a
s
e
d
q
u
a
d
r
a
t
i
c
b
o
o
st
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
f
o
r
e
n
e
r
g
y
st
o
r
a
g
e
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
Ap
p
l
i
e
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
(
S
w
i
t
zer
l
a
n
d
)
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
2
2
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
5
,
2
0
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0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
a
p
p
1
0
2
2
8
2
5
4
.
[
2
]
P
.
K
e
n
f
a
c
k
,
A
.
D
a
n
d
o
u
s
s
o
u
,
a
n
d
E
.
F
.
N
k
a
l
e
,
“
C
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
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h
e
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i
g
n
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m
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t
o
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g
h
D
C
v
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l
t
a
g
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/
s
4
3
0
6
7
-
0
2
2
-
0
0
0
5
1
-
4.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
Desig
n
a
n
d
imp
leme
n
ta
tio
n
o
f
h
ig
h
v
o
lta
g
e
DC
g
en
era
tio
n
s
ystem
b
a
s
ed
…
(
Lu
th
fiyya
tu
n
Ma
r
d
iya
h
)
2395
[
3
]
A
.
K
.
B
h
a
r
d
w
a
j
a
n
d
D
.
M
a
l
v
i
y
a
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n
o
f
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
D
i
o
d
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V
o
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t
a
g
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M
u
l
t
i
p
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r
F
e
d
w
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t
h
a
H
i
g
h
F
r
e
q
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n
c
y
a
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a
Lo
w
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r
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q
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e
n
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y
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
S
o
u
r
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,
”
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n
t
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rn
a
t
i
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n
a
l
J
o
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a
l
o
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d
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Re
sea
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c
h
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p
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a
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m
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g
,
v
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JA
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.
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.
[
4
]
N
.
B
a
r
s
o
u
m
a
n
d
G
.
I
.
S
t
a
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y
,
“
D
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s
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H
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,
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U
n
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v
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a
l
J
o
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.