I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
o
wer
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Driv
e
S
y
s
t
em
s
(
I
J
P
E
DS)
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
2
4
,
p
p
.
2
2
8
7
~
2
2
9
5
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijp
ed
s
.
v
1
5
.i
4
.
p
p
2
2
8
7
-
2
2
9
5
2287
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
p
e
d
s
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Sing
le
-
pha
se f
iv
e
lev
el mo
dified
ne
utral po
int
clam
p
ed grid
co
nnected
inverte
r t
o
po
lo
g
y
wit
h f
r
o
nt
-
end
cho
pper
co
ntrol o
f
DC
-
link
capa
cito
r vo
ltag
es
Y
.
Sra
v
a
n
K
um
a
r
1
,
T
.
M
ura
li
K
rish
na
2
,
Yesura
t
na
m
G
ud
uri
1
1
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
O
sman
i
a
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
H
y
d
e
r
a
b
a
d
,
I
n
d
i
a
2
D
e
p
a
r
t
me
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
C
h
a
i
t
a
n
y
a
B
h
a
r
a
t
h
i
I
n
st
i
t
u
t
e
o
f
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
H
y
d
e
r
a
b
a
d
,
I
n
d
i
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Feb
2
,
2
0
2
4
R
ev
is
ed
J
u
n
8
,
2
0
2
4
Acc
ep
ted
J
u
n
1
3
,
2
0
2
4
Co
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
ll
y
,
o
n
ly
t
h
e
sta
n
d
a
l
o
n
e
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
a
sin
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
fa
u
lt
to
lera
n
t
-
b
a
se
d
5
-
le
v
e
l
n
e
u
tral
p
o
i
n
t
c
lam
p
e
d
(S
P
F
T
-
5L
-
N
P
C)
i
n
v
e
rter
wit
h
two
stiff
DC
so
u
rc
e
s
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
e
x
p
lain
e
d
with
c
o
n
sid
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
p
h
a
se
d
isp
o
si
ti
o
n
p
u
lse
wid
th
m
o
d
u
lati
o
n
(
P
D
-
P
WM
)
te
c
h
n
iq
u
e
.
In
t
h
is
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
,
t
h
e
b
i
d
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
sw
it
c
h
a
rra
n
g
e
m
e
n
t
c
o
n
sists
o
f
fo
u
r
d
io
d
e
s
a
n
d
o
n
e
IG
BT
sw
it
c
h
.
T
h
is
a
rra
n
g
e
m
e
n
t
in
h
e
re
n
tl
y
i
n
c
re
a
se
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
l
o
ss
e
s
o
f
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
.
G
e
n
e
r
a
ll
y
,
a
n
y
NPC
i
n
v
e
rter
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
su
ffe
rs
fro
m
a
DC
-
li
n
k
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
v
o
lt
a
g
e
(DCL
-
CV)
b
a
lan
c
in
g
issu
e
.
I
n
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
tri
b
u
t
io
n
o
f
wo
r
k
,
a
u
th
o
rs
h
a
v
e
n
o
t
d
isc
u
ss
e
d
th
e
fro
n
t
-
e
n
d
v
o
lt
a
g
e
b
a
lan
c
i
n
g
issu
e
.
Th
is
st
u
d
y
d
e
sc
rib
e
s
th
e
e
x
ten
sio
n
w
o
rk
o
f
a
si
n
g
le
-
p
h
a
se
g
ri
d
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
wit
h
a
m
o
d
ifi
e
d
5
L
-
N
P
C
(M
5
L
-
NPC)
i
n
v
e
rter
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
,
tak
in
g
i
n
to
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
th
e
a
fo
re
m
e
n
ti
o
n
e
d
c
o
n
c
e
rn
s.
In
t
h
is
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
,
th
e
sim
p
le
fro
n
t
-
e
n
d
c
h
o
p
p
e
r
c
ircu
it
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
u
ti
li
z
e
d
t
o
b
a
lan
c
e
th
e
DCL
-
CVs
a
n
d
to
re
d
u
c
e
c
o
n
d
u
c
ti
o
n
l
o
ss
e
s,
a
n
o
th
e
r
a
rra
n
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
b
i
d
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
sw
it
c
h
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
u
t
il
ize
d
.
I
n
th
is
p
a
p
e
r,
b
o
th
sta
n
d
a
lo
n
e
a
n
d
g
rid
c
o
n
n
e
c
ti
o
n
s
o
f
M
5
L
-
NPC
to
p
o
lo
g
y
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
e
x
p
lai
n
e
d
a
lo
n
g
wit
h
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
DCL
-
CVs
.
Th
e
g
rid
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
ted
imp
o
rta
n
t
o
b
j
e
c
ti
v
e
s
o
f
a
c
ti
v
e
p
o
we
r
c
o
n
tro
l
(A
P
C),
re
a
c
ti
v
e
p
o
we
r
c
o
n
tro
l
(RP
C),
a
n
d
in
jec
ti
n
g
sin
u
so
i
d
a
l
c
u
rre
n
t
wit
h
l
o
w
h
a
rm
o
n
ic
d
ist
o
rti
o
n
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
d
isc
u
ss
e
d
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
l
y
c
o
n
sid
e
ri
n
g
a
sim
p
le co
n
tr
o
l
stra
teg
y
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Activ
e
p
o
wer
co
n
tr
o
l
Gr
id
-
co
n
n
e
cted
in
v
e
r
ter
L
o
w
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
Pu
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
R
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
co
n
tr
o
l
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Y
.
Sra
v
an
Ku
m
ar
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
U
n
iv
er
s
ity
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Osma
n
ia
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
Hy
d
er
ab
ad
,
T
elan
g
a
n
a,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail:
y
.
s
r
av
an
1
6
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
m
u
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
ter
s
(
ML
I
s
)
,
th
e
lo
wer
d
v
/d
t
m
in
im
izes
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
,
wh
ile
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
m
ay
l
o
wer
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
o
o
b
tain
h
i
g
h
er
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
t
h
e
f
au
lt
t
o
ler
an
ce
o
f
m
u
ltil
ev
el
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
s
er
v
es
as
a
co
m
p
en
s
atin
g
f
ac
to
r
[
1
]
.
A
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lev
els
r
is
es,
t
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
NPC
in
v
er
ter
d
esig
n
r
esu
lts
in
u
n
e
v
en
lo
s
s
es
in
th
e
s
em
ico
n
d
u
ct
o
r
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
in
cr
ea
s
es
co
s
t,
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
f
ly
in
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
(
FC
)
b
ased
ML
I
s
n
ee
d
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
F
C
s
,
an
d
ad
d
itio
n
al
v
o
ltag
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
b
alan
ce
th
ese
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
T
h
en
it
lead
s
to
lo
wer
r
eliab
ilit
y
as
g
o
in
g
to
h
ig
h
er
lev
els [
3
]
.
T
h
e
ca
s
ca
d
ed
H
-
B
r
id
g
e
(
C
HB
)
ML
I
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
o
f
f
er
h
ig
h
e
r
m
o
d
u
lar
ity
an
d
d
e
p
en
d
ab
ilit
y
.
No
n
eth
eless
,
a
g
r
ea
ter
q
u
an
tit
y
o
f
s
ep
ar
ate
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
is
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
[
4
]
.
I
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
th
e
FC
an
d
NP
C
-
ML
I
to
p
o
lo
g
ies,
t
h
e
n
ested
n
eu
tr
al
p
o
in
t
clam
p
ed
(
NNPC
)
to
p
o
lo
g
y
f
ea
t
u
r
es
f
ewe
r
clam
p
in
g
d
i
o
d
es
an
d
f
ewe
r
FC
s
,
b
u
t
it
is
less
r
eliab
le
d
u
e
t
o
u
n
ev
en
v
o
ltag
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
n
s
witch
es
[
5
]
.
A
f
iv
e
-
le
v
el
F
-
ty
p
e
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
2
4
:
228
7
-
2
2
9
5
2288
is
s
u
g
g
ested
in
[
6
]
,
h
o
wev
e
r
th
e
m
ea
n
in
g
o
f
d
ep
en
d
ab
ilit
y
is
n
o
t
clar
if
ied
.
T
h
e
ca
r
r
ie
r
-
o
v
er
la
p
p
ed
PW
M
s
o
lu
tio
n
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
th
e
n
eu
tr
al
p
o
in
t
v
o
ltag
e
d
is
p
ar
ity
is
s
u
e
in
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
5
L
-
NPC
in
v
er
ter
d
esig
n
[
7
]
,
h
o
we
v
er
,
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
co
n
ce
p
t h
as n
o
t b
ee
n
ad
d
r
ess
ed
.
T
h
e
id
ea
o
f
r
eliab
ilit
y
is
n
o
t
d
e
s
cr
ib
ed
in
[
8
]
,
wh
ich
d
is
cu
s
s
es
o
n
ly
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
b
ala
n
cin
g
with
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
r
e
d
u
n
d
an
t
s
ta
tes
f
o
r
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
5
L
-
FC
-
b
ased
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
.
A
h
y
b
r
id
ML
I
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
s
u
g
g
ested
in
[
9
]
,
h
o
wev
er
,
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
5
L
-
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
,
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
.
A
5
L
-
H
-
B
r
id
g
e
ty
p
e
NPC
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
with
o
u
t
f
au
lt
to
ler
an
ce
co
n
ce
p
t
u
s
in
g
an
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
PW
M
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
d
escr
ib
ed
in
[
1
0
]
,
h
o
wev
er
,
t
h
is
d
esig
n
also
r
eq
u
ir
es a
h
ig
h
er
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t c
o
u
n
t
.
A
SP
FT
-
5L
-
NPC
to
p
o
lo
g
y
with
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t states
is
d
escr
ib
ed
in
[
1
1
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
is
ju
s
t e
x
p
lain
s
th
e
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
th
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
h
av
e
n
o
t
d
escr
ib
ed
th
e
DC
L
-
C
V
b
alan
ce
p
r
o
b
lem
als
o
.
Sev
er
al
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
with
co
m
m
o
n
DC
lin
k
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
laid
o
u
t
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
[
1
2
]
.
A
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
v
a
r
io
u
s
f
au
lt
-
to
ler
an
t
ML
I
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
ca
n
p
o
ten
tially
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
[
1
4
]
-
[
1
6
]
,
v
ar
i
o
u
s
DC
L
-
C
V
b
alan
ci
n
g
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ex
p
lain
e
d
b
u
t
th
ese
ar
e
co
m
p
lex
.
Hen
ce
,
it
is
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
s
im
p
le
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
to
a
p
p
ly
all
co
m
m
o
n
DC
-
lin
k
-
b
ased
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
ies to
en
s
u
r
e
s
af
e
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Asi
d
e
f
r
o
m
th
is
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
f
o
r
an
y
ML
I
d
esig
n
also
d
e
p
e
n
d
s
o
n
th
e
PW
M
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
s
p
ac
e
v
ec
to
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
NP
C
-
ML
I
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
h
av
e
b
ee
n
r
ev
iewe
d
in
[
1
7
]
,
th
e
in
tr
icac
y
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
b
ec
o
m
es
b
u
r
d
e
n
s
o
m
e
as
o
n
e
m
o
v
es
to
h
ig
h
er
lev
els.
Sev
er
al
k
in
d
s
o
f
m
u
lti
-
ca
r
r
ier
PW
M
s
ch
em
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
1
8
]
.
I
n
th
ese,
th
e
PD
-
P
W
M
g
iv
es
an
ex
ce
llen
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
p
r
o
f
ile
b
u
t
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
n
ee
d
s
m
o
r
e
tr
ian
g
u
lar
ca
r
r
ie
r
s
ig
n
als.
An
ab
s
o
lu
te
f
u
n
ctio
n
u
n
ip
o
lar
PD
-
PW
M
(
UPD
-
PW
M)
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ep
o
r
te
d
in
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
to
s
im
p
lify
th
e
PD
-
PW
M
s
tag
e.
T
h
e
tr
ian
g
u
la
r
ca
r
r
ier
co
u
n
t
ca
n
b
e
cu
t in
h
alf
with
th
is
UPD
-
PW
M
s
tr
ateg
y
.
T
h
e
DC
L
-
C
V
a
cc
o
u
n
ts
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
l
ete
g
r
i
d
c
o
n
n
e
cti
o
n
w
h
i
le
t
ak
in
g
H
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
[
2
1
]
.
I
t
is
b
al
an
ce
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
b
a
tte
r
y
u
s
in
g
a
b
i
d
ir
ec
ti
o
n
al
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
.
T
h
e
s
l
id
in
g
m
o
d
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
a
1
-
p
h
as
e
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
e
cte
d
H
-
B
r
i
d
g
e
i
n
v
er
te
r
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
h
as
b
ee
n
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
te
d
in
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
p
h
as
e
-
l
o
c
k
e
d
lo
o
p
(
PL
L
)
,
wh
i
ch
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
p
l
ai
n
e
d
in
[
2
3
]
,
is
g
e
n
e
r
a
ll
y
co
n
s
i
d
e
r
ed
t
o
b
e
c
r
u
ci
al
wh
e
n
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
a
b
o
u
t
an
y
g
r
i
d
o
p
e
r
at
io
n
.
T
h
e
g
r
i
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
b
a
s
ed
o
n
th
e
o
r
t
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
s
ig
n
al
g
e
n
e
r
a
to
r
(
OSG
)
a
n
d
f
e
at
u
r
i
n
g
tw
o
p
r
o
p
o
r
ti
o
n
a
l
-
in
t
eg
r
al
(
P
I
)
co
n
t
r
o
ll
er
s
w
as
d
o
c
u
m
en
te
d
i
n
[
2
4
]
.
A
d
q
-
f
r
am
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
g
r
i
d
o
p
e
r
at
io
n
h
as
b
ee
n
d
is
c
lo
s
e
d
in
[
2
5
]
.
F
o
r
g
r
i
d
o
p
e
r
ati
o
n
,
t
h
e
l
in
ea
r
q
u
ad
r
a
tic
co
n
t
r
o
lle
r
h
as
b
ee
n
d
es
cr
i
b
ed
i
n
[
2
6
]
.
A
s
i
m
p
le
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
n
e
e
d
e
d
b
ec
au
s
e
all
o
f
t
h
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
g
r
i
d
-
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
t
r
at
e
g
ies
a
r
e
c
o
m
p
l
ica
te
d
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
e
r
,
th
e
DC
L
-
C
V
b
alan
cin
g
a
n
d
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
with
v
ar
io
u
s
d
y
n
am
ic
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
b
y
tak
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
m
o
d
if
ied
SP
FT
-
5L
-
NPC
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
DC
L
-
C
Vs
ar
e
b
alan
ce
d
b
y
em
p
lo
y
in
g
a
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
c
h
o
p
p
er
-
b
a
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
,
wh
ich
wo
r
k
s
with
all
p
o
p
u
lar
DC
-
lin
k
ML
I
t
o
p
o
lo
g
ies.
A
s
t
r
aig
h
tf
o
r
wa
r
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
to
ex
p
lain
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
g
r
id
o
p
e
r
atio
n
,
wh
ic
h
r
ed
u
ce
s
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
e
f
f
o
r
t.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
wo
r
k
is
o
r
g
an
ize
d
as
f
o
llo
ws.
I
n
s
ec
ti
o
n
2
,
th
e
cir
cu
it
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
M5
L
-
NPC
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
v
er
ter
(
GC
I
)
to
p
o
lo
g
y
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
b
alan
cin
g
DC
L
-
C
Vs
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
3
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
ted
o
p
er
atio
n
(
GC
O)
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
p
lain
ed
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
4
,
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
b
o
th
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
an
d
GC
O
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ex
p
lain
e
d
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
5
,
t
h
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
tu
d
y
b
etwe
en
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
an
d
ex
ten
s
io
n
w
o
r
k
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
h
as b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
Fin
ally
,
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
ar
e
r
ep
o
r
t
ed
.
2.
CIRCU
I
T
D
E
SC
RIPT
I
O
N
O
F
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
5
L
-
NP
C
G
CI
T
O
P
O
L
O
G
Y
AND
CO
NT
RO
L
ST
RA
T
E
G
Y
F
O
R
B
AL
AN
CING
DCL
-
C
VS:
CH
O
P
P
E
R
CIRCU
I
T
2
.
1
.
Circ
uit
des
cr
i
ptio
n o
f
pro
po
s
ed
M
5
L
-
NP
C
G
CI t
o
po
lo
g
y
I
n
th
e
liter
atu
r
e,
o
n
l
y
th
e
s
tan
d
-
alo
n
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
an
SP
FT
-
5L
-
NPC
in
v
er
ter
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
h
as
b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
SP
FT
-
5L
-
NPC
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
is
to
p
o
lo
g
y
n
ee
d
s
two
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
s
witch
with
f
o
u
r
d
io
d
es
in
cr
ea
s
es
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
lo
s
s
es.
T
h
e
f
r
o
n
t
-
e
n
d
v
o
ltag
e
b
alan
cin
g
p
r
o
b
lem
h
as n
o
t
b
ee
n
c
o
v
er
e
d
b
y
au
t
h
o
r
s
in
th
e
t
r
ad
itio
n
al
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
wo
r
k
.
T
o
ex
p
lain
th
e
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
,
a
M
5
L
-
NPC
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
it
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
wh
ich
is
a
m
o
d
if
ie
d
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
SP
FT
-
5L
-
NPC
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
o
n
e
DC
s
o
u
r
ce
alo
n
g
with
a
ch
o
p
p
er
co
n
t
r
o
l
cir
c
u
it
an
d
to
r
ed
u
ce
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
lo
s
s
es,
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
s
witch
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ep
lace
d
with
two
d
io
d
es
an
d
two
I
GB
T
s
wh
ich
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
an
ti
-
p
ar
allel.
T
h
e
n
ew
co
n
n
ec
ted
b
i
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
s
witch
is
o
p
er
atin
g
u
n
d
e
r
a
co
m
m
o
n
em
itter
(
C
E
)
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
th
er
eb
y
o
n
ly
o
n
e
g
ate
d
r
iv
er
cir
c
u
it is
n
ee
d
ed
.
T
h
e
f
r
o
n
t
-
en
d
c
h
o
p
p
er
cir
cu
it
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
two
I
GB
T
s
witch
es
,
o
n
e
r
esis
to
r
,
o
n
e
in
d
u
cto
r
,
a
n
d
two
DC
-
lin
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
.
T
h
is
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
ch
o
p
p
e
r
cir
cu
it
ea
s
ily
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
eq
u
al
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
b
alan
c
in
g
v
o
ltag
es
at
DC
-
lin
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
(
C
1
an
d
C
2
)
an
d
th
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
co
n
tr
o
l
ac
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
p
lain
e
d
in
th
is
s
u
b
-
s
ec
tio
n
.
At
th
e
en
d
,
an
in
d
u
ct
o
r
f
ilter
an
d
g
r
id
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
th
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
in
g
le
-
p
h
a
s
e
five
leve
l m
o
d
ified
n
eu
tr
a
l p
o
in
t c
la
mp
ed
g
r
id
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
ve
r
ter
…
(
Y
.
S
r
a
va
n
K
u
ma
r
)
2289
Af
ter
b
alan
cin
g
th
e
DC
L
-
C
Vs
with
ch
o
p
p
er
co
n
tr
o
l,
th
e
s
wit
ch
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
te
r
to
p
o
lo
g
y
at
ea
ch
s
tate
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
a
n
d
it
is
d
ep
icted
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
T
o
p
r
o
d
u
ce
0
V
dc
,
t
h
e
s
witch
es
S
2
-
S
3
-
S
5
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tu
r
n
e
d
ON,
an
d
th
e
r
em
ain
in
g
ar
e
in
th
e
OFF
s
tate.
B
y
tu
r
n
in
g
ON
th
e
o
n
e
o
f
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
t
s
tates
o
f
S
1
-
S
2
-
S
5
s
witch
es,
th
e
in
v
er
ter
g
en
e
r
ates 0
.
5
V
dc
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
o
p
r
o
d
u
ce
1
Vd
c,
th
e
s
witch
es S
1
-
S
2
-
S
7
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tu
r
n
ed
ON,
an
d
th
e
r
em
ain
in
g
ar
e
in
t
h
e
OFF s
tate.
B
y
tu
r
n
in
g
ON
S
2
-
S
3
-
S
6
s
witc
h
es,
th
e
in
v
e
r
ter
g
e
n
er
ates
-
0
.
5
V
dc
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
Similar
ly
,
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
-
1
V
dc
,
th
e
s
witch
es
S
3
-
S
4
-
S
6
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tu
r
n
e
d
ON,
an
d
th
e
r
e
m
ain
in
g
a
r
e
in
th
e
OFF
s
tate.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
iv
e
lev
els at
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t w
ith
p
ea
k
v
alu
es
o
f
±
1
V
dc
.
At
ea
ch
s
tag
e,
o
n
l
y
th
r
ee
s
witch
es a
r
e
c
o
n
d
u
ctin
g
an
d
else a
r
e
in
OFF m
o
d
e.
T
h
e
d
r
awb
ac
k
o
f
th
is
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
,
it p
r
o
v
i
d
es o
n
ly
u
n
ity
g
ain
.
V
D
C
1
L
O
A
D
V
D
C
2
S
6
S
5
S
7
S
1
S
2
S
3
S
4
D
1
D
2
X
Y
S
5
C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
1
S
2
S
3
S
4
S
5
S
6
S
7
A
B
R
d
c
L
d
c
L
g
r
i
d
I
g
r
i
d
V
g
r
i
d
C
1
C
2
V
d
c
D
1
D
2
X
Y
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
SP
FT
-
5L
-
NPC
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
M5
L
-
NPC
GC
I
to
p
o
lo
g
y
-
ex
ten
s
io
n
o
f
wo
r
k
T
ab
le
1
.
Switch
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
S
.
N
o
V
XY
O
N
S
t
a
t
e
S
w
i
t
c
h
e
s
1.
0
V
dc
S
2
-
S
3
-
S
5
2.
0
.
5
V
dc
S
1
-
S
2
-
S
5
3.
1
V
dc
S
1
-
S
2
-
S
7
4.
-
0
.
5
V
dc
S
2
-
S
3
-
S
6
5.
-
1
V
dc
S
3
-
S
4
-
S
6
2
.
2
.
Co
ntr
o
l st
ra
t
eg
y
f
o
r
ba
l
a
ncing
DCL
-
CVs:
C
ho
pp
er
circ
uit
I
n
F
ig
u
r
e
2
,
t
h
e
d
o
tte
d
l
in
e
p
o
r
tio
n
r
e
p
r
ese
n
ts
th
e
c
h
o
p
p
er
ci
r
cu
i
t,
an
d
t
h
e
r
esp
ec
t
i
v
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
tr
a
te
g
y
is
d
ep
ict
ed
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
I
n
th
is
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
t
r
a
te
g
y
,
R
O
in
d
i
ca
t
es
t
h
e
r
el
ati
o
n
al
o
p
er
at
o
r
a
n
d
PB
i
n
d
i
ca
t
es
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
b
l
o
c
k
.
F
ir
s
tl
y
,
s
e
n
s
e
ea
c
h
DC
L
-
C
V
(
V
c1
a
n
d
V
c2
)
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
wit
h
t
h
e
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
h
a
lf
o
f
DC
-
b
u
s
v
o
lta
g
e.
T
h
e
o
b
ta
in
e
d
o
u
t
p
u
ts
h
a
v
e
b
e
en
m
u
lti
p
li
e
d
an
d
it
g
i
v
es
r
es
p
e
cti
v
e
s
w
itc
h
i
n
g
p
u
ls
es
t
o
A
an
d
B
s
wit
ch
es.
F
i
n
a
l
l
y
,
ca
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
s
'
c
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
i
n
g
c
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
i
s
c
h
a
r
g
i
n
g
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
R
dc
a
n
d
L
dc
l
e
a
d
s
t
o
b
a
l
a
n
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
v
o
l
t
a
g
es
a
t
t
h
e
d
e
s
i
r
e
d
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
l
e
v
e
l
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
at
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
o
p
p
e
r
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
is
s
i
m
p
l
e
a
n
d
it
is
e
f
f
ec
t
i
v
e
l
y
s
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
f
r
o
n
t
-
e
n
d
D
C
-
li
n
k
-
b
a
s
e
d
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
.
T
o
attain
th
e
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
APC
,
R
P
C
,
an
d
in
jectin
g
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
cu
r
r
en
t
with
lo
w
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
,
a
p
r
o
p
er
s
im
p
le
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
b
u
r
d
en
o
n
th
e
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
u
n
it
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
d
q
-
f
r
am
e
-
b
ased
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
1
-
p
h
ase
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
n
th
is
,
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tati
o
n
r
e
q
u
ir
es
m
o
r
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
b
lo
c
k
s
,
m
o
r
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
(
ted
io
u
s
tu
n
in
g
)
,
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
m
ath
em
atica
l o
p
er
ati
o
n
s
.
V
C
1
A
B
R
O
R
O
R
O
R
O
R
e
f
.
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
V
C
2
P
B
P
B
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
tr
o
l str
ateg
y
f
o
r
ch
o
p
p
er
ci
r
cu
it
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
2
4
:
228
7
-
2
2
9
5
2290
P
D
-
P
W
M
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
(
P
I
)
S
i
n
g
l
e
P
h
a
s
e
α
β
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
P
L
L
S
i
n
g
l
e
P
h
a
s
e
α
β
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
V
D
C
=
I
N
V
E
R
T
E
R
B
e
t
a
α
β
d
q
+
+
V
q
+
L
w
I
d
V
d
-
L
w
I
q
+
+
+
I
d
r
e
f
+
-
-
I
d
I
q
α
β
d
q
w
t
V
g
V
α
V
β
α
β
d
q
w
t
V
d
V
q
w
t
G
r
i
d
I
q
r
e
f
I
α
I
β
L
C
L
F
I
L
T
E
R
L
1
L
2
C
G
a
i
n
C
O
N
V
E
N
T
I
O
N
A
L
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
d
q
-
f
r
a
m
e
co
n
tr
o
l stra
teg
y
:
g
r
id
o
p
er
atio
n
Af
ter
g
en
er
atin
g
a
m
o
d
u
latin
g
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
al
g
o
r
i
th
m
,
at
th
e
en
d
s
tag
e
o
f
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
h
a
v
e
g
en
er
ally
u
s
e
d
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
PD
-
PW
M
tech
n
iq
u
e.
I
n
th
is
PW
M
tech
n
iq
u
e,
to
g
e
n
er
ate
a
f
iv
e
-
lev
el
o
u
t
p
u
t,
f
o
u
r
tr
ian
g
u
l
ar
ca
r
r
ier
s
ar
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
an
d
th
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
also
in
cr
ea
s
es.
T
o
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
id
o
p
e
r
atio
n
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
alo
n
g
with
th
e
PW
M
s
tag
e,
a
s
im
p
le
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
h
as
b
ee
n
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
to
attain
all
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
o
b
jectiv
es
an
d
it
is
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
M5
L
-
NPC
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
g
r
id
-
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
alo
n
g
wi
th
th
e
UPD
-
PW
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
UPD
-
PW
M
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
h
as
b
ee
n
ad
o
p
ted
f
r
o
m
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
I
ts
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
n
ee
d
s
o
n
ly
t
wo
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
als
to
g
en
er
at
e
a
5
-
lev
el
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
th
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
is
also
s
im
p
le
as c
o
m
p
ar
ed
with
t
h
e
PD
-
PW
M
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
p
lain
ed
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tep
s
.
I
ts
im
p
lem
e
n
t
atio
n
is
s
im
p
le
as
co
m
p
a
r
ed
w
ith
th
e
t
r
ad
itio
n
al
d
q
-
f
r
am
e
co
n
tr
o
l stra
teg
y
alo
n
g
with
th
e
PW
M
s
tag
e.
a.
I
n
GC
O,
f
ir
s
tly
,
s
en
s
e
th
e
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
grid
)
a
n
d
g
r
id
cu
r
r
en
t (
I
grid
).
b.
T
h
e
V
grid
is
f
ed
to
a
PLL
a
n
d
it
p
r
o
v
i
d
es g
r
id
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
.
c.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
e
d
o
u
t
p
u
t is
f
ed
to
th
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
ter
m
.
d.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
m
u
ltip
lied
with
a
p
ea
k
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
cu
r
r
en
t
(
I
peak
)
an
d
it
g
iv
es
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
in
jecte
d
g
r
id
c
u
r
r
en
t
(
I
ref
).
e.
T
h
e
I
r
ef
is
co
m
p
ar
e
d
with
I
g
r
id
an
d
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
o
u
tp
u
t is f
ed
t
o
th
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
f.
T
h
e
PI
o
u
tp
u
t g
iv
es a
r
ef
er
en
c
e
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
th
e
PW
M
s
tag
e.
g.
T
o
g
en
e
r
ate
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
s
witch
in
g
p
u
ls
es,
th
e
UPD
-
PW
M
h
as b
ee
n
em
p
l
o
y
ed
.
h.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
co
m
p
lete
c
o
n
tr
o
l s
tr
ateg
y
p
r
o
v
id
es a
ll th
e
o
b
jectiv
es o
f
a
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
s
te
m
.
V
g
r
i
d
P
L
L
P
I
I
g
r
i
d
ˆ
p
e
a
k
I
r
e
f
I
U
P
D
-
P
W
M
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
P
u
l
s
e
s
s
i
n
(
)
t
w
R
e
f
.
S
i
g
n
a
l
A
b
s
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
S
t
a
t
e
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
(
S
S
G
1
)
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
S
i
g
n
a
l
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
(
S
S
G
2
)
0
C
a
r
r
i
e
r
-
1
C
a
r
r
i
e
r
-
2
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
P
u
l
s
e
s
+
-
+
-
+
-
U
P
D
-
P
W
M
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Co
n
tr
o
l stra
teg
y
f
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
M5
L
-
NPC
to
p
o
lo
g
y
:
GC
O
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
in
g
le
-
p
h
a
s
e
five
leve
l m
o
d
ified
n
eu
tr
a
l p
o
in
t c
la
mp
ed
g
r
id
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
ve
r
ter
…
(
Y
.
S
r
a
va
n
K
u
ma
r
)
2291
3.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S:
ST
AND
AL
O
N
E
AND
G
CO
-
P
L
E
C
S T
O
O
L
3
.
1
.
Sta
nd
a
lo
ne
o
pera
t
io
n:
R
a
n
d RL
-
lo
a
ds
B
ef
o
r
e
g
o
in
g
to
GC
O,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
wo
r
k
h
as
b
ee
n
test
ed
in
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
m
o
d
e
with
o
n
ly
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
UPD
-
PW
M
tech
n
iq
u
e.
Her
e
t
h
e
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
o
p
er
atio
n
is
n
o
th
in
g
b
u
t
r
esis
tiv
e
an
d
in
d
u
ctiv
e
lo
ad
s
o
n
ly
.
I
n
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
o
p
er
atio
n
th
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
th
e
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
co
n
s
id
er
ed
is
5
k
Hz.
B
y
co
n
s
i
d
er
in
g
UPD
-
PW
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
tr
ia
n
g
u
lar
ca
r
r
ier
s
ca
n
b
e
r
e
d
u
ce
d
to
h
alf
as
co
m
p
a
r
ed
with
l
ev
el
s
h
if
ted
PW
M
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
a
b
le
2
r
ep
r
esen
ts
s
im
u
latio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
m
o
d
e.
B
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
s
tep
c
h
an
g
e
o
f
lo
ad
(
R
to
R
L
)
a
n
d
s
tep
ch
an
g
e
o
f
m
o
d
u
latio
n
i
n
d
ex
(
MI
)
=1
to
0
.
5
at
t=0
.
0
6
s
ec
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
wh
ich
ar
e
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
I
n
th
is
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
r
esu
lt r
ep
r
esen
ts
UPD
-
PW
M
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
with
MI
=
1
to
0
.
5
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
an
d
th
ir
d
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
DC
L
-
C
Vs
wh
ich
ar
e
b
alan
ce
d
at
2
0
0
V
with
les
s
v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
le.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
th
r
es
u
lt
s
h
o
ws
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
(
I
OV:
V
XY
)
an
d
it
g
iv
es
5
lev
els
with
a
p
ea
k
v
alu
e
o
f
±
4
0
0
V
at
MI
=1
.
0
an
d
s
im
ilar
ly
,
it
g
en
er
ated
3
l
ev
el
s
with
a
p
ea
k
v
al
u
e
o
f
±
2
0
0
V
at
MI
=
0
.
5
.
T
h
e
f
in
al
r
esu
lt
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
s
tep
c
h
an
g
e
o
f
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
.
I
n
th
e
r
esis
tiv
e
lo
ad
o
p
er
atio
n
with
MI
=1
.
0
,
t
h
e
p
ea
k
v
alu
e
o
f
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
t
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ately
at
4
A
h
as
b
ee
n
o
b
tain
ed
.
Similar
ly
,
in
th
e
R
L
-
lo
ad
o
p
er
atio
n
wit
h
MI
=0
.
5
,
th
e
p
e
a
k
v
alu
e
o
f
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
t
is
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atel
y
1
.
8
5
A
h
as
b
ee
n
o
b
tain
ed
.
E
v
e
n
s
tep
ch
an
g
e
o
f
lo
ad
an
d
s
tep
ch
an
g
e
o
f
MI
,
th
e
ch
o
p
p
e
r
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
e
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
b
alan
ce
s
th
e
DC
L
-
C
Vs at
th
e
d
esire
d
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el.
T
ab
le
2
.
Simu
latio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
-
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
S
.
N
o
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
1.
R
e
si
st
o
r
-
l
o
a
d
1
0
0
Ω
2.
I
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
-
l
o
a
d
80
mH
3.
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
5
k
H
z
4.
DC
-
l
i
n
k
:
V
dc
4
0
0
V
5.
C
h
o
p
p
e
r
-
C
1
1
0
0
0
μF
6.
C
h
o
p
p
e
r
-
C
2
1
0
0
0
μF
7.
C
h
o
p
p
e
r
-
R
dc
0
.
1
Ω
8.
C
h
o
p
p
e
r
-
L
dc
0
.
0
1
mH
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
R
esu
lts
f
o
r
M5
L
-
NPC
to
p
o
lo
g
y
:
s
tan
d
al
o
n
e
o
p
er
at
io
n
3
.
2
.
G
rid
-
co
nn
ec
t
ed
o
pera
t
io
n (
G
CO
)
:
re
s
ults
B
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
5
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
,
th
e
GC
O
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
p
lain
ed
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
im
u
latio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
T
a
b
le
3
.
Gen
e
r
ally
,
th
e
m
i
n
im
u
m
DC
-
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
a
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
b
e
s
elec
ted
1
.
2
tim
es
o
f
p
ea
k
v
alu
e
o
f
V
grid
.
T
o
e
x
p
lain
th
e
GC
O
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
M5
L
-
NPC
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
,
th
e
r
e
ar
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
tr
an
s
ien
t
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
e
x
p
l
ain
ed
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
GC
O
with
a
s
tep
c
h
an
g
e
o
f
u
n
ity
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
(
UPF)
to
0
.
9
lead
in
g
PF
at
t=0
.
0
8
s
ec
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
r
ep
r
esen
ts
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
GC
O
with
a
s
tep
ch
an
g
e
o
f
UPF
to
0
.
9
lead
in
g
PF
at
t=0
.
0
8
s
ec
.
I
n
th
ese
two
ca
s
es,
th
e
in
jecte
d
I
pea
k
=1
0
A
is
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
an
d
f
o
r
v
is
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
I
grid
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
2
4
:
228
7
-
2
2
9
5
2292
in
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
o
u
ter
s
id
e
o
f
th
e
g
ain
v
alu
e=
1
0
is
m
u
ltip
lied
b
y
th
e
I
grid
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t.
Fig
u
r
e
9
r
ep
r
esen
ts
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
GC
O
u
n
d
er
UPF o
p
er
atio
n
with
a
s
tep
ch
an
g
e
o
f
I
peak
=5
A
t
o
1
5
A.
I
n
all
ca
s
es
with
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
ch
o
p
p
er
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
,
b
o
th
DC
L
-
C
Vs
ar
e
b
alan
c
ed
at
h
alf
DC
-
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
=
2
0
0
V.
Her
e,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ch
o
p
p
er
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
is
u
n
iv
er
s
ally
s
u
itab
le
to
all
s
p
lit
DC
-
lin
k
-
b
ased
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
g
en
er
ated
5
-
lev
els
with
a
p
ea
k
v
al
u
e
o
f
±
4
0
0
V
an
d
o
f
c
o
u
r
s
e,
b
ased
o
n
r
ef
er
en
ce
I
peak
,
th
e
lev
els
m
ay
v
ar
y
.
I
n
th
ese
s
tu
d
ies,
th
e
UPF
an
d
lead
in
g
/lag
g
in
g
PF
in
d
icate
in
jectin
g
ac
tiv
e
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
we
r
in
to
th
e
g
r
id
.
All
tr
an
s
ien
t
r
esu
lts
with
th
e
u
tili
za
ti
o
n
o
f
a
s
im
p
le
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cu
r
r
e
n
t
co
n
tr
o
l stra
teg
y
g
iv
e
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
t
h
e
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
v
alu
e
o
f
I
grid
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Simu
latio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
-
GC
O
S
.
N
o
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
S
.
N
o
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
1.
R
e
si
st
o
r
-
f
i
l
t
e
r
0
.
0
1
Ω
6.
G
r
i
d
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
5
0
H
z
2.
I
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
-
f
i
l
t
e
r
3
.
5
mH
7
.
C
h
o
p
p
e
r
-
C
1
1
0
0
0
μF
3.
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
1
0
k
H
z
8
.
C
h
o
p
p
e
r
-
C
2
1
0
0
0
μF
4.
DC
-
l
i
n
k
:
V
dc
4
0
0
V
9
.
C
h
o
p
p
e
r
-
R
dc
0
.
1
Ω
5.
V
gri
d
(
P
e
a
k
)
3
2
5
V
10
.
C
h
o
p
p
e
r
-
L
dc
0
.
0
1
mH
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
R
esu
lts
f
o
r
M5
L
-
NPC
to
p
o
lo
g
y
: G
C
O
(
UPF to
0
.
9
lead
in
g
PF
with
I
peak
=1
0
A)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
R
esu
lts
f
o
r
M5
L
-
NPC
to
p
o
lo
g
y
: G
C
O
(
UPF to
0
.
9
lag
g
i
n
g
PF
with
I
p
eak
=1
0
A)
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
R
esu
lts
f
o
r
M5
L
-
NPC
to
p
o
lo
g
y
: G
C
O
(
UPF with
s
tep
ch
an
g
e
o
f
I
peak
=5
A
to
1
5
A)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
in
g
le
-
p
h
a
s
e
five
leve
l m
o
d
ified
n
eu
tr
a
l p
o
in
t c
la
mp
ed
g
r
id
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
ve
r
ter
…
(
Y
.
S
r
a
va
n
K
u
ma
r
)
2293
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
zo
o
m
ed
v
iew
o
f
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
an
d
ca
r
r
i
er
s
ig
n
als
in
GC
O
at
UP
F
m
o
d
e.
I
n
th
is
,
th
e
b
lack
co
l
o
r
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
u
n
ip
o
lar
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
ig
n
al
in
cl
o
s
ed
-
lo
o
p
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
I
grid
at
UPF
o
p
er
at
io
n
.
I
n
th
is
,
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
b
an
d
o
f
s
witch
in
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
h
a
r
m
o
n
ics
is
p
lace
d
at
1
0
k
Hz.
I
t
g
iv
es
t
h
e
p
ea
k
v
alu
e
o
f
cu
r
r
e
n
t=9
.
9
8
9
A
at
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
(
T
HD)
=
2
.
4
3
%.
I
t f
o
llo
ws
I
E
E
E
-
1
5
4
7
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
g
o
o
d
p
o
wer
q
u
alit
y
o
n
th
e
u
tili
ty
s
id
e.
Fin
ally
,
APC
,
R
PC
,
an
d
lo
w
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
I
grid
d
is
to
r
tio
n
o
b
jectiv
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
ac
h
iev
e
d
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
alo
n
g
with
b
ala
n
ce
d
DC
L
-
C
V
s
.
(
a
)
R
e
f
.
a
n
d
C
a
r
r
i
e
r
S
i
g
n
a
l
s
:
G
C
O
(
b
)
U
P
F
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
G
r
i
d
0
.
0
1
.
0
2
.
0
T
i
m
e
(
S
e
c
)
-
3
2
5
-
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
2
5
0
0
.
0
1
0
.
0
2
C
a
r
r
i
e
r
-
1
C
a
r
r
i
e
r
-
2
R
e
f
.
S
i
g
n
a
l
I
g
r
i
d
V
g
r
i
d
1
0
*
1
0
A
=
1
0
0
A
×
1
e
4
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
H
z
)
0
.
0
1
.
0
2
.
0
0
.
0
0
0
.
0
5
0
.
1
0
0
.
1
4
A
t
5
0
H
z
(
P
e
a
k
)
=
9
.
9
8
9
A
,
T
H
D
=
2
.
4
3
%
I
n
j
e
c
t
e
d
I
g
r
i
d
(
A
)
H
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
s
a
t
F
s
w
U
P
F
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
G
r
i
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Z
o
o
m
ed
v
iew
r
esu
l
ts
: G
C
O
(
UPF o
p
er
atio
n
with
I
peak
=1
0
A)
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
Har
m
o
n
ic
s
p
ec
t
r
u
m
o
f
I
grid
: G
C
O
(
UPF o
p
er
atio
n
with
I
peak
=1
0
A)
4.
CO
M
P
ARA
T
I
V
E
S
T
UDY
T
h
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
s
t
u
d
y
b
e
tw
e
en
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
m
o
d
i
f
i
e
d
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
i
s
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
4
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
P
F
T
-
5L
-
NP
C
T
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
h
a
s
2
D
C
s
o
u
r
c
es
,
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
M
5
L
-
N
P
C
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
u
t
i
l
i
z
es
1
D
C
s
o
u
r
c
e
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
SP
F
T
-
5L
-
NPC
o
p
e
r
a
t
e
s
o
n
l
y
a
s
a
s
t
a
n
d
a
l
o
n
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
w
h
e
r
e
a
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
M
5
L
-
N
PC
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
b
o
t
h
s
t
a
n
d
a
l
o
n
e
a
n
d
GC
Os
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
PF
T
-
5L
-
NP
C
e
m
p
l
o
y
s
PD
-
PW
M
(N
c
a
r
r
ie
r
s
=
4
)
,
w
h
i
le
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
M
5
L
-
N
PC
u
t
i
li
z
es
U
PD
-
PW
M
(
N
c
a
r
ri
e
r
s
=
2
)
f
o
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
p
u
ls
e
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
SP
FT
-
5L
-
NPC
f
ea
tu
r
es
a
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
s
witch
with
4
-
d
i
o
d
es
an
d
1
-
I
GB
T
,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
M5
L
-
NPC
u
s
es
2
-
d
io
d
es
an
d
2
-
I
GB
T
s
f
o
r
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
s
witch
in
g
.
T
h
e
ch
o
p
p
er
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
is
n
o
t
ex
p
lain
ed
in
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
SP
FT
-
5L
-
NPC
,
wh
ile
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
M5
L
-
NPC
elab
o
r
ates
o
n
its
ch
o
p
p
er
co
n
tr
o
l stra
teg
y
,
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
b
o
th
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
a
n
d
GC
Os.
T
ab
le
4
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
s
tu
d
y
S
.
N
o
C
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
P
F
T
-
5L
-
N
P
C
To
p
o
l
o
g
y
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
M
5
L
-
N
P
C
To
p
o
l
o
g
y
1.
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
D
C
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
=
2
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
D
C
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
=
1
2.
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
:
O
n
l
y
s
t
a
n
d
a
l
o
n
e
O
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
:
B
o
t
h
st
a
n
d
a
l
o
n
e
a
n
d
G
C
O
3.
P
W
M
:
P
D
-
P
W
M
(
N
c
a
rri
e
rs
=
4)
P
W
M
:
U
P
D
-
P
W
M
(
N
c
a
rri
e
rs
=
2)
4.
B
i
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
sw
i
t
c
h
:
4
-
D
i
o
d
e
s
a
n
d
1
-
I
G
B
T
B
i
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
sw
i
t
c
h
:
2
-
D
i
o
d
e
s
a
n
d
2
-
I
G
B
T
5.
C
h
o
p
p
e
r
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
:
N
o
t
e
x
p
l
a
i
n
e
d
C
h
o
p
p
e
r
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
:
E
x
p
l
a
i
n
e
d
.
I
t
i
s
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
s
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
b
o
t
h
s
t
a
n
d
a
l
o
n
e
a
n
d
G
C
O
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
tu
d
y
b
etwe
en
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
h
as
b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ex
p
lain
s
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
DC
L
-
C
V
s
as we
ll
as
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
an
d
g
r
i
d
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
M5
L
-
NPC
ar
ch
itectu
r
e.
I
n
b
o
th
s
tan
d
alo
n
e
an
d
GC
O,
th
e
DC
-
lin
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
ar
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
b
al
an
ce
d
at
h
alf
o
f
th
e
to
tal
DC
-
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e.
Of
co
u
r
s
e,
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
ch
o
p
p
e
r
co
n
tr
o
l
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
wo
r
k
s
with
ev
er
y
s
p
lit
DC
-
lin
k
-
b
ased
in
v
er
ter
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
APC
,
R
P
C
,
an
d
in
jectin
g
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
cu
r
r
e
n
t
with
lo
w
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
i
s
t
o
r
tio
n
-
th
r
ee
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
k
e
y
o
b
jectiv
es h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
ely
ex
am
i
n
ed
wh
ile
tak
in
g
a
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
s
im
p
le
cu
r
r
en
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
2
4
:
228
7
-
2
2
9
5
2294
co
n
tr
o
l
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t.
T
h
e
d
r
awb
ac
k
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
M5
L
-
NPC
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
is
th
at
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
o
n
ly
u
n
ity
g
ain
alo
n
g
with
th
e
ch
o
p
p
er
ci
r
cu
it.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
g
ain
v
al
u
e
alo
n
g
with
th
e
b
alan
cin
g
o
f
DC
L
-
C
V
s
,
a
n
ew
s
tu
d
y
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
an
d
it c
an
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
as a
f
u
tu
r
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
wo
r
k
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
A
.
P
o
o
r
f
a
k
h
r
a
e
i
,
M
.
N
a
r
i
ma
n
i
,
a
n
d
A
.
Ema
d
i
,
“
A
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
m
u
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
i
n
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
s:
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
st
a
t
u
s
a
n
d
f
u
t
u
r
e
t
r
e
n
d
s
,
”
I
E
EE
O
p
e
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Po
w
e
r
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
5
5
–
1
7
0
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
O
JP
EL
.
2
0
2
1
.
3
0
6
3
5
5
0
.
[
2
]
A
.
N
a
b
a
e
,
I
.
Ta
k
a
h
a
s
h
i
,
a
n
d
H
.
A
k
a
g
i
,
“
A
N
e
w
N
e
u
t
r
a
l
-
P
o
i
n
t
-
C
l
a
m
p
e
d
P
W
M
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
,
”
I
EEE
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
s
t
ry
Ap
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
I
A
-
1
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
5
1
8
–
5
2
3
,
1
9
8
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TI
A
.
1
9
8
1
.
4
5
0
3
9
9
2
.
[
3
]
T.
A
.
M
e
y
n
a
r
d
a
n
d
H
.
F
o
c
h
,
“
M
u
l
t
i
-
l
e
v
e
l
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
:
H
i
g
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
c
h
o
p
p
e
r
s
a
n
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
-
so
u
r
c
e
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s,”
P
ES
C
R
e
c
o
r
d
-
I
EEE
An
n
u
a
l
P
o
w
e
r E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
S
p
e
c
i
a
l
i
st
s
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
3
9
7
–
4
0
3
,
1
9
9
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
P
ESC
.
1
9
9
2
.
2
5
4
7
1
7
.
[
4
]
K
.
T
a
mm
a
l
i
,
S
.
S
.
V
a
n
g
a
l
a
,
S
.
V
a
t
t
i
k
o
n
d
a
,
K
.
P
a
l
l
e
,
A
.
B
h
a
n
u
c
h
a
n
d
a
r
,
a
n
d
K
.
B
.
K
u
m
a
r
,
“
A
n
A
sy
mm
e
t
r
i
c
S
o
u
r
c
e
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
S
i
n
g
l
e
-
P
h
a
s
e
C
H
B
-
M
LI
To
p
o
l
o
g
y
w
i
t
h
a
G
e
n
e
r
a
l
i
z
e
d
R
e
d
u
c
e
d
-
C
a
r
r
i
e
r
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
Te
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
,
”
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
I
C
C
S
P
5
3
5
3
2
.
2
0
2
2
.
9
8
6
2
5
1
5
.
[
5
]
M
.
N
a
r
i
m
a
n
i
,
B
.
W
u
,
Z.
C
h
e
n
g
,
a
n
d
N
.
R
.
Za
r
g
a
r
i
,
“
A
n
e
w
n
e
s
t
e
d
n
e
u
t
r
a
l
p
o
i
n
t
-
c
l
a
m
p
e
d
(
N
N
P
C
)
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
f
o
r
me
d
i
u
m
-
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
(
M
V
)
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
v
e
r
si
o
n
,
”
I
E
EE
T
ra
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
t
ro
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
9
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
6
3
7
5
–
6
3
8
2
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TPE
L.
2
0
1
4
.
2
3
0
6
1
9
1
.
[
6
]
N
.
G
u
l
e
r
,
H
.
K
o
mu
r
c
u
g
i
l
,
S
.
B
i
r
i
c
i
k
,
a
n
d
H
.
R
.
K
a
r
i
mi
,
“
M
o
d
e
l
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
v
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
f
o
r
s
i
n
g
l
e
-
p
h
a
se
t
h
r
e
e
-
l
e
v
e
l
g
r
i
d
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
F
-
t
y
p
e
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
,
”
C
o
m
p
l
e
x
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
0
5
1
7
/
c
e
s.
2
0
2
1
.
0
7
.
[
7
]
K
.
W
a
n
g
,
Z.
Z
h
e
n
g
,
L.
X
u
,
a
n
d
Y
.
Li
,
“
N
e
u
t
r
a
l
-
P
o
i
n
t
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
B
a
l
a
n
c
i
n
g
M
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
F
i
v
e
-
Le
v
e
l
N
P
C
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
B
a
se
d
o
n
C
a
r
r
i
e
r
-
O
v
e
r
l
a
p
p
e
d
P
W
M
,
”
I
EE
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
4
2
8
–
1
4
4
0
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TPE
L.
2
0
2
0
.
3
0
0
6
9
6
0
.
[
8
]
J.
E
b
r
a
h
i
m
i
,
S
.
S
h
a
h
n
o
o
s
h
i
,
S
.
Er
e
n
,
H
.
K
a
r
s
h
e
n
a
s,
a
n
d
A
.
B
a
k
h
s
h
a
i
,
“
O
p
t
i
m
i
z
e
d
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
B
a
l
a
n
c
i
n
g
S
c
h
e
mes
f
o
r
F
l
y
i
n
g
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
B
a
s
e
d
M
u
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
C
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s,
”
I
EE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
s
t
ri
a
l
El
e
c
t
ro
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
7
0
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
7
7
5
–
1
0
7
8
8
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TI
E.
2
0
2
2
.
3
2
2
7
2
6
3
.
[
9
]
T.
M
.
K
r
i
s
h
n
a
a
n
d
C
.
B
.
K
u
mar,
“
A
n
e
w
h
y
b
r
i
d
M
u
l
t
i
L
e
v
e
l
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
o
f
i
n
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
m
o
t
o
r
,
”
i
n
4
t
h
I
EEE
S
p
o
n
so
r
e
d
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
P
o
w
e
r,
En
e
r
g
y
,
I
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
I
C
C
P
EI
C
2
0
1
5
,
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
2
6
4
–
2
6
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
C
P
EI
C
.
2
0
1
5
.
7
2
5
9
4
7
3
.
[
1
0
]
P
.
K
.
C
h
a
mar
t
h
i
,
M
.
S
.
E
l
M
o
u
r
si
,
A
.
A
l
D
u
r
r
a
,
K
.
H
.
A
l
H
o
sa
n
i
,
a
n
d
A
.
A
l
S
u
ma
i
t
i
,
“
E
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
P
u
l
s
e
W
i
d
t
h
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
M
e
t
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
1
-
ϕ
F
i
v
e
-
Le
v
e
l
N
e
u
t
r
a
l
P
o
i
n
t
C
l
a
mp
e
d
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
,
”
2
0
2
2
I
E
EE
E
n
e
rg
y
C
o
n
v
e
rs
i
o
n
C
o
n
g
ress
a
n
d
E
x
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
,
EC
C
E
2
0
2
2
,
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
EC
C
E
5
0
7
3
4
.
2
0
2
2
.
9
9
4
7
6
3
3
.
[
1
1
]
M
.
R
.
A
a
n
d
K
.
S
i
v
a
k
u
mar,
“
A
F
a
u
l
t
-
To
l
e
r
a
n
t
S
i
n
g
l
e
-
P
h
a
se
F
i
v
e
-
Le
v
e
l
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
f
o
r
G
r
i
d
-
I
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
P
V
S
y
st
e
ms,”
I
E
E
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
st
r
i
a
l
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
2
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
7
5
6
9
–
7
5
7
7
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TI
E.
2
0
1
5
.
2
4
5
5
5
2
3
.
[
1
2
]
I
.
H
a
r
b
i
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
C
o
mm
o
n
D
C
-
Li
n
k
M
u
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
C
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s:
T
o
p
o
l
o
g
i
e
s,
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
n
d
I
n
d
u
st
r
i
a
l
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
I
EEE
O
p
e
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Po
w
e
r
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
1
2
–
5
3
8
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
O
JP
EL
.
2
0
2
3
.
3
2
9
1
6
6
2
.
[
1
3
]
S
.
P
.
G
a
u
t
a
m,
M
.
Ja
l
h
o
t
r
a
,
L.
K
.
S
a
h
u
,
M
.
R
.
K
u
mar,
a
n
d
K
.
K
.
G
u
p
t
a
,
“
A
S
u
r
v
e
y
o
n
F
a
u
l
t
T
o
l
e
r
a
n
t
a
n
d
D
i
a
g
n
o
s
t
i
c
Te
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
o
f
M
u
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
,
”
I
EEE
Ac
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
6
0
8
6
6
–
6
0
8
8
8
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
A
C
C
ESS
.
2
0
2
3
.
3
2
8
5
7
2
2
.
[
1
4
]
A
.
G
h
o
s
h
,
A
.
S
h
u
k
l
a
,
a
n
d
A
.
J
o
s
h
i
,
“
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
f
d
c
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
i
n
d
i
o
d
e
-
c
l
a
mp
e
d
m
u
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
u
s
i
n
g
b
i
d
i
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
b
u
c
k
–
b
o
o
s
t
c
h
o
p
p
e
r
s
,
”
I
ET
P
o
w
e
r E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
7
2
3
–
1
7
3
2
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
4
9
/
i
e
t
-
p
e
l
.
2
0
1
2
.
0
2
3
7
.
[
1
5
]
J.
Eb
r
a
h
i
mi
,
S
.
S
h
a
h
n
o
o
s
h
i
,
S
.
Er
e
n
,
a
n
d
A
.
B
a
k
h
sh
a
i
,
“
A
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
S
c
h
e
me
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
V
i
r
t
u
a
l
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
Le
v
e
l
s
f
o
r
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
B
a
l
a
n
c
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
e
F
o
u
r
-
Le
v
e
l
D
i
o
d
e
C
l
a
m
p
e
d
C
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
,
”
I
EEE
T
ra
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
P
o
w
e
r
El
e
c
t
ro
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
7
2
7
–
4
7
4
4
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TPEL.
2
0
2
2
.
3
2
2
8
4
8
2
.
[
1
6
]
S
.
S
r
i
k
a
n
t
h
a
n
a
n
d
M
.
K
.
M
i
s
h
r
a
,
“
D
C
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
e
q
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
n
e
u
t
r
a
l
c
l
a
m
p
e
d
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
f
o
r
D
S
TA
T
C
O
M
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
EEE
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
st
r
i
a
l
E
l
e
c
t
ro
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
7
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
2
7
6
8
–
2
7
7
5
,
2
0
1
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TI
E.
2
0
0
9
.
2
0
2
2
0
6
9
.
[
1
7
]
V
.
Jay
a
k
u
m
a
r
,
B
.
C
h
o
k
k
a
l
i
n
g
a
m,
a
n
d
J.
L.
M
u
n
d
a
,
“
A
C
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
si
v
e
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
S
p
a
c
e
V
e
c
t
o
r
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
Te
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
f
o
r
N
e
u
t
r
a
l
P
o
i
n
t
C
l
a
m
p
e
d
M
u
l
t
i
-
Le
v
e
l
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s,
”
I
EEE
Ac
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
1
2
1
0
4
–
1
1
2
1
4
4
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
A
C
C
ESS
.
2
0
2
1
.
3
1
0
0
3
4
6
.
[
1
8
]
A
.
P
o
o
r
f
a
k
h
r
a
e
i
,
M
.
N
a
r
i
m
a
n
i
,
a
n
d
A
.
Emad
i
,
“
A
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
f
o
r
M
u
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
i
n
Tr
a
c
t
i
on
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
I
E
EE
Ac
c
e
ss
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
p
p
.
2
4
1
8
7
–
2
4
2
0
4
,
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
A
C
C
ESS
.
2
0
2
1
.
3
0
5
6
6
1
2
.
[
1
9
]
N
.
P
r
a
b
a
h
a
r
a
n
,
V
.
A
r
u
n
,
P
.
S
a
n
j
e
e
v
i
k
u
mar,
L
.
M
i
h
e
t
-
P
o
p
a
,
a
n
d
F
.
B
l
a
a
b
j
e
r
g
,
“
R
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
mu
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
w
i
t
h
t
r
a
p
e
z
o
i
d
a
l
p
u
l
se
w
i
d
t
h
m
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
En
e
r
g
i
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
8
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
e
n
1
1
0
8
2
1
4
8
.
[
2
0
]
K
.
B
.
K
u
mar,
A
.
B
h
a
n
u
c
h
a
n
d
a
r
,
B
.
S
u
p
r
i
y
a
,
D
.
V
a
ms
h
y
,
K
.
P
a
l
l
e
,
a
n
d
R
.
S
a
k
i
l
e
,
“
A
U
n
i
p
o
l
a
r
P
h
a
se
D
i
s
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
P
u
l
se
W
i
d
t
h
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
a
n
A
sy
m
m
e
t
r
i
c
a
l
M
u
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
To
p
o
l
o
g
y
,
”
i
n
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
-
2
0
2
1
I
E
EE
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
S
m
a
rt
a
n
d
G
re
e
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s,
I
C
I
S
S
G
T
2
0
2
1
,
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
1
5
6
–
1
6
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
I
C
I
S
S
G
T5
2
0
2
5
.
2
0
2
1
.
0
0
0
4
1
.
[
2
1
]
S
.
M
i
s
h
r
a
,
D
.
P
u
l
l
a
g
u
r
a
m
,
S
.
A
c
h
a
r
y
B
u
r
a
g
a
p
p
u
,
a
n
d
D
.
R
a
mas
u
b
r
a
ma
n
i
a
n
,
“
S
i
n
g
l
e
‐
p
h
a
se
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
f
o
r
a
g
r
i
d
‐
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
r
o
o
f
t
o
p
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
sy
s
t
e
m
,
”
I
ET
Re
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
Po
w
e
r
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
1
8
7
–
1
1
9
4
,
S
e
p
.
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
4
9
/
i
e
t
-
r
p
g
.
2
0
1
5
.
0
2
2
4
.
[
2
2
]
M
.
A
.
G
.
d
e
B
r
i
t
o
,
E.
H
.
B
.
D
o
u
r
a
d
o
,
L.
P
.
S
a
mp
a
i
o
,
S
.
A
.
O
.
d
a
S
i
l
v
a
,
a
n
d
R
.
C
.
G
a
r
c
i
a
,
“
S
l
i
d
i
n
g
M
o
d
e
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
f
o
r
S
i
n
g
l
e
-
P
h
a
s
e
G
r
i
d
-
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
S
o
u
r
c
e
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
w
i
t
h
L
a
n
d
L
C
L
F
i
l
t
e
r
s,”
E
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
0
1
–
3
1
6
,
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
e
n
g
4
0
1
0
0
1
8
.
[
2
3
]
M
.
K
a
r
i
m
i
-
G
h
a
r
t
e
m
a
n
i
,
“
A
U
n
i
f
y
i
n
g
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
t
o
S
i
n
g
l
e
-
P
h
a
se
S
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
F
r
a
me
P
LLs
,
”
I
E
EE
T
ra
n
sa
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
Po
w
e
r
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
8
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
4
5
5
0
–
4
5
5
6
,
O
c
t
.
2
0
1
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TPEL.
2
0
1
2
.
2
2
3
5
1
8
5
.
[
2
4
]
M
.
I
sl
a
m
,
N
.
A
f
r
i
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
M
e
k
h
i
l
e
f
,
“
Ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
S
i
n
g
l
e
P
h
a
se
Tr
a
n
sf
o
r
mer
l
e
ss
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
f
o
r
G
r
i
d
-
Ti
e
d
P
V
G
S
y
s
t
e
m
W
i
t
h
R
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
P
o
w
e
r
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
”
I
EEE
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
S
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
2
0
5
–
1
2
1
5
,
J
u
l
.
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TST
E.
2
0
1
6
.
2
5
3
7
3
6
5
.
[
2
5
]
A
.
B
h
a
n
u
c
h
a
n
d
a
r
a
n
d
B
.
K
.
M
u
r
t
h
y
,
“
S
w
i
t
c
h
e
d
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
B
a
s
e
d
1
3
-
L
e
v
e
l
B
o
o
st
i
n
g
G
r
i
d
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
w
i
t
h
L
C
L
F
i
l
t
e
r
,
”
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
N
P
EC
5
2
1
0
0
.
2
0
2
1
.
9
6
7
2
5
4
4
.
[
2
6
]
N
.
A
r
a
b
,
H
.
V
a
h
e
d
i
,
a
n
d
K
.
A
l
-
H
a
d
d
a
d
,
“
LQ
R
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
f
s
i
n
g
l
e
-
p
h
a
s
e
g
r
i
d
-
t
i
e
d
P
U
C
5
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
w
i
t
h
L
C
L
f
i
l
t
e
r
,
”
I
EEE
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
st
r
i
a
l
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
9
7
–
3
0
7
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TI
E.
2
0
1
9
.
2
8
9
7
5
4
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
S
in
g
le
-
p
h
a
s
e
five
leve
l m
o
d
ified
n
eu
tr
a
l p
o
in
t c
la
mp
ed
g
r
id
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
ve
r
ter
…
(
Y
.
S
r
a
va
n
K
u
ma
r
)
2295
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Y
.
S
r
a
v
a
n
K
u
m
a
r
is
a
re
se
a
rc
h
sc
h
o
lar
a
t
th
e
D
e
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Os
m
a
n
ia
U
n
iv
e
rsity
.
He
o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
m
a
ste
r
'
s
a
n
d
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r
's
fro
m
Ja
wa
h
a
rlal
Ne
h
ru
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ica
l
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
,
I
n
d
ia
in
2
0
1
1
a
n
d
2
0
0
8
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
He
wo
rk
e
d
a
s
a
n
a
ss
o
c
iate
p
r
o
fe
ss
o
r
a
n
d
a
ss
ista
n
t
p
r
o
fe
ss
o
r
f
o
r
o
v
e
r
a
d
e
c
a
d
e
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts in
c
lu
d
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
sy
ste
m
s,
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
a
n
d
e
lec
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
field
s.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
y
.
sra
v
a
n
1
6
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
T
.
Mu
r
a
li
K
r
ish
n
a
re
c
e
iv
e
d
UG
d
e
g
re
e
fro
m
t
h
e
In
sti
tu
ti
o
n
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rs
(In
d
ia),
K
o
lk
a
ta
i
n
2
0
0
1
,
M
.
Tec
h
.
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
P
o
we
r
S
y
ste
m
s,
a
n
d
P
h
.
D
.
fr
o
m
JN
TUA,
An
a
n
tap
u
ra
m
u
,
An
d
h
ra
P
ra
d
e
sh
i
n
2
0
0
5
a
n
d
2
0
1
6
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
He
is
p
re
se
n
tl
y
wo
r
k
i
n
g
a
t
Ch
a
it
a
n
y
a
B
h
a
ra
th
i
I
n
stit
u
te o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
s
a
n
a
ss
o
c
iate
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
i
n
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
EE
E.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
F
ACTS
,
w
a
v
e
lets,
a
n
d
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
i
n
teg
ra
ti
o
n
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
tmu
ra
li
k
rish
n
a
_
e
e
e
@c
b
it
.
a
c
.
in
.
Ye
sura
tn
a
m
G
u
d
u
r
i
re
c
e
iv
e
d
B.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
E
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
Ja
wa
h
a
rlal
Ne
h
ru
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ica
l
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
,
In
d
ia
in
1
9
9
5
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
an
M
.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
1
9
9
8
fro
m
Re
g
io
n
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
C
o
ll
e
g
e
,
Wara
n
g
a
l
in
th
e
field
o
f
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
s.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
a
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
fro
m
th
e
D
e
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
In
d
ian
In
sti
tu
te
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
,
Ba
n
g
a
lo
re
in
2
0
0
7
.
C
u
r
re
n
tl
y
,
h
e
is
wo
rk
i
n
g
a
s
a
se
n
io
r
p
r
o
fe
ss
o
r
i
n
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
Co
l
leg
e
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Os
m
a
n
ia
Un
i
v
e
rsit
y
,
Hy
d
e
ra
b
a
d
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
ter
e
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
c
o
m
p
u
ter
-
a
id
e
d
p
o
we
r
sy
ste
m
a
n
a
ly
sis,
re
a
c
ti
v
e
p
o
we
r
o
p
t
imiz
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sta
b
il
it
y
,
a
n
d
a
rti
ficia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
in
p
o
we
r
s
y
ste
m
s.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
ra
tn
a
m
g
y
2
0
0
3
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.