I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
o
wer
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Driv
e
S
y
s
t
em
s
(
I
J
P
E
DS)
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
4
,
p
p
.
2
6
7
4
~
2
6
8
4
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijp
ed
s
.
v
1
5
.
i4
.
p
p
2
6
7
4
-
2
6
8
4
2674
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
p
e
d
s
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
A met
ho
do
lo
g
y
f
o
r perf
o
rma
nc
e ev
a
lua
tion a
nd sy
ste
m lo
ss
a
na
ly
sis
of photo
v
o
ltaic po
wer plan
ts:
ca
se s
tudies i
n
Vietnam
L
e
P
hương
T
r
uo
ng
1
,
B
ui Va
n T
ri
2
,
L
e
P
hu
o
ng
L
o
ng
1
1
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
M
e
c
h
a
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s,
La
c
H
o
n
g
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
,
D
o
n
g
N
a
i
,
V
i
e
t
n
am
2
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
s
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
C
o
l
l
e
g
e
o
f
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
I
I
,
Th
u
D
u
c
,
H
o
C
h
i
M
i
n
h
C
i
t
y
,
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Dec
2
3
,
2
0
2
3
R
ev
is
ed
Au
g
5
,
2
0
2
4
Acc
ep
ted
Au
g
2
9
,
2
0
2
4
Th
is
stu
d
y
p
re
se
n
ts
a
m
e
th
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
fo
r
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
lo
ss
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
tw
o
p
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
(P
V)
p
o
we
r
p
lan
ts
i
n
Vie
t
n
a
m
wit
h
d
iffere
n
t
g
e
o
g
ra
p
h
ica
l
l
o
c
a
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
c
li
m
a
ti
c
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s.
An
e
x
p
e
rime
n
tal
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
is
u
ti
l
ize
d
to
a
n
a
ly
z
e
th
e
sy
ste
m
lo
ss
e
s.
Da
ta
w
a
s
c
o
ll
e
c
ted
fro
m
th
e
BIM
2
(
2
5
0
M
W
p
)
a
n
d
Bu
o
n
M
a
Th
u
o
t
(3
5
M
Wp
)
p
lan
ts.
T
h
e
r
e
su
lt
s
sh
o
w
th
a
t
sy
ste
m
lo
ss
e
s
d
o
n
o
t
e
x
c
e
e
d
1
.
3
%
,
with
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
ra
tes
ra
n
g
in
g
fro
m
73
-
7
9
%
f
o
r
BIM
2
a
n
d
7
4
-
8
8
%
fo
r
Bu
o
n
M
a
Th
u
o
t.
Co
rre
lati
o
n
a
n
a
l
y
sis
b
e
twe
e
n
m
o
d
u
le
o
p
e
ra
ti
n
g
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
,
so
lar
irrad
ian
c
e
,
a
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
y
iel
d
re
v
e
a
ls
a
n
in
v
e
rse
re
latio
n
sh
i
p
b
e
twe
e
n
th
e
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
-
irrad
ian
c
e
ra
ti
o
a
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
y
ield
.
A
c
o
n
si
d
e
ra
b
le
d
e
c
li
n
e
in
p
o
we
r
p
lan
t
e
fficie
n
c
y
is
o
b
se
rv
e
d
wh
e
n
th
is
ra
ti
o
e
x
c
e
e
d
s
8
.
Ad
d
it
i
o
n
a
ll
y
,
v
it
a
l
m
o
n
it
o
re
d
in
d
ice
s
fo
r
P
V
p
lan
t
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
re
in
v
e
sti
g
a
ted
,
i
n
c
lu
d
in
g
e
n
e
rg
y
su
p
p
li
e
d
to
t
h
e
g
ri
d
,
P
V
a
rra
y
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
,
a
m
b
ien
t
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
,
a
n
d
lo
ss
m
e
tri
c
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
Po
wer
p
lan
ts
Ph
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
tem
So
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
Sy
s
tem
lo
s
s
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
L
e
Ph
u
o
n
g
T
r
u
o
n
g
Facu
lty
o
f
Me
ch
atr
o
n
ics an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics,
L
ac
Ho
n
g
Un
iv
er
s
ity
1
0
,
Hu
y
n
h
Van
Ng
h
e
St.,
B
u
u
L
o
n
g
,
B
ien
Ho
a,
Do
n
g
Nai,
Viet
Nam
E
m
ail:
lep
h
u
o
n
g
tr
u
o
n
g
@
lh
u
.
e
d
u
.
v
n
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
Vietn
am
’
s
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
o
lar
e
n
er
g
y
,
h
as
s
e
en
s
tr
o
n
g
b
r
ea
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
tatis
tica
l d
ata
in
T
ab
le
1
[
1
]
,
Vietn
am
'
s
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
ca
p
ac
ity
in
2
0
1
7
was n
eg
lig
ib
le
at
o
n
l
y
8
MW.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
o
v
er
th
e
n
e
x
t
f
iv
e
y
ea
r
s
,
th
is
f
ig
u
r
e
s
o
ar
e
d
to
1
8
,
4
7
5
MW
b
y
2
0
2
2
,
a
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
o
v
e
r
2
,
0
0
0
tim
es
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
2
0
1
7
.
T
h
is
ex
p
o
n
en
tial
g
r
o
wth
h
as
b
ee
n
f
u
eled
b
y
f
a
v
o
r
a
b
le
p
o
licies
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
m
e
n
t
to
en
co
u
r
ag
e
s
o
lar
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
as
well
as
f
allin
g
p
r
ices
o
f
PV
p
an
els
g
lo
b
a
lly
,
m
ak
in
g
ad
o
p
tio
n
m
o
r
e
af
f
o
r
d
ab
le.
W
ith
s
u
ch
r
a
p
id
g
r
o
w
th
,
s
o
lar
e
n
er
g
y
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
Vietn
am
’
s
lead
in
g
r
en
ewa
b
le
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
wh
ile
in
2
0
1
7
th
e
s
h
a
r
e
o
f
s
o
lar
ca
p
ac
ity
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
Vietn
am
’
s
to
tal
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
ca
p
ac
ity
wa
s
alm
o
s
t
in
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
(
0
%),
b
y
2
0
2
2
th
is
f
ig
u
r
e
r
ea
ch
ed
2
7
%.
T
h
u
s
,
in
ju
s
t
f
iv
e
y
ea
r
s
,
s
o
lar
h
as
g
ain
e
d
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
m
ar
k
et
s
h
ar
e
with
in
Vietn
am
'
s
r
en
ewa
b
les
m
ix
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
ex
p
o
n
e
n
tial
s
ca
le
g
r
o
wth
o
f
Vietn
am
'
s
s
o
lar
in
d
u
s
tr
y
o
v
er
t
h
e
p
ast
f
i
v
e
y
e
ar
s
h
as h
elp
ed
estab
lis
h
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
is
clea
n
en
er
g
y
o
n
th
e
n
atio
n
al
r
en
e
wab
le
en
er
g
y
lan
d
s
ca
p
e,
wh
i
le
o
p
en
in
g
g
r
ea
t
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ities
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
Vietn
am
'
s
f
u
tu
r
e
g
r
ee
n
en
er
g
y
s
ec
to
r
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
I
R
E
NA’
s
s
tati
s
tics
o
n
t
h
e
to
p
1
0
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
g
lo
b
ally
in
elec
tr
icity
g
en
e
r
atio
n
f
r
o
m
r
en
ewa
b
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
Vietn
am
r
an
k
s
7
th
b
e
h
in
d
I
taly
,
So
u
th
Ko
r
ea
,
an
d
Sp
ain
,
as illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
[
2
]
.
Stu
d
ies
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
PV)
s
y
s
tem
s
h
av
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
r
ee
m
ai
n
r
esear
ch
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
is
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Fi
r
s
tly
,
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
ev
alu
ated
th
e
ac
tu
al
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
PV
s
y
s
te
m
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
an
d
a
n
aly
zin
g
elec
tr
icity
g
en
er
atio
n
d
ata
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
d
u
r
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
[
3
]
-
[
8
]
.
T
y
p
ical
o
f
th
is
,
o
n
e
s
tu
d
y
ass
es
s
ed
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
meth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
fo
r
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
a
n
d
s
ystem
lo
s
s
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f p
h
o
to
vo
lta
ic
…
(
Le
P
h
ươ
n
g
Tr
u
o
n
g
)
2675
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
a
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
1
0
MW
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
o
lar
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
p
o
wer
p
la
n
t
lo
ca
ted
in
An
d
h
r
a
Pra
d
esh
,
I
n
d
ia.
T
h
e
p
lan
t
u
tili
ze
s
m
o
n
o
cr
y
s
tallin
e
s
ilico
n
s
o
lar
ce
ll
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
with
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
m
o
d
u
les
in
s
talled
ac
r
o
s
s
a
wid
e
ar
ea
.
T
o
ev
alu
at
e
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
k
ey
tec
h
n
ical
in
d
icato
r
s
o
v
e
r
an
ex
te
n
d
ed
p
e
r
io
d
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
wed
th
a
t
an
n
u
ally
th
e
p
lan
t
ca
n
g
en
er
ate
an
av
e
r
ag
e
elec
tr
icity
o
f
1
7
.
1
m
illi
o
n
k
W
h
,
ex
c
ee
d
in
g
its
in
itial
d
esig
n
ed
ca
p
ac
ity
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
in
Vietn
a
m
'
s
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
Y
e
a
r
Off
-
g
r
i
d
s
o
l
a
r
p
o
w
e
r
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
g
r
i
d
so
l
a
r
p
o
w
e
r
To
t
a
l
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
(
M
W
)
S
o
l
a
r
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
(GW)
To
t
a
l
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
(
M
W
)
S
o
l
a
r
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
(
M
W
)
S
o
l
a
r
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
(
G
W
h
)
2
0
1
7
2
4
0
4
9
0
4
4
9
0
1
8
2
1
7
8
8
2
0
1
8
3
3
6
4
9
0
4
4
9
0
1
8
7
1
5
1
0
5
1
0
5
2
0
1
9
1
5
5
4
9
0
5
4
9
0
2
6
0
7
8
4
9
9
4
4
9
8
8
2
0
2
0
8
3
9
9
0
5
4
9
0
3
8
3
8
0
1
6
6
6
1
1
0
7
1
8
2
0
2
1
6
7
4
9
0
5
4
9
0
4
2
7
2
8
1
6
6
6
1
2
5
7
1
7
2
0
2
2
6
7
4
9
0
5
4
9
0
4
5
3
2
7
1
8
4
7
5
2
5
7
1
7
S
p
a
i
n
R
e
p
u
b
l
i
c
o
f
K
o
r
e
a
I
t
a
l
y
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
A
u
s
t
r
a
l
i
a
G
e
r
m
a
n
y
I
n
d
i
a
J
a
p
a
n
U
n
i
t
e
d
S
t
a
t
e
s
o
f
A
m
e
r
i
c
a
0
0
.
5
1
1
.
5
2
2
.
5
3
3
.
5
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
[
G
W
]
10
5
C
h
i
n
a
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
o
p
1
0
co
u
n
tr
ies with
th
e
h
ig
h
est ele
ctr
icity
g
en
er
a
tio
n
g
lo
b
ally
Seco
n
d
ly
,
r
esear
ch
h
as
f
o
cu
s
e
d
o
n
s
tu
d
y
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
m
e
asu
r
in
g
th
e
p
o
wer
o
f
PV
m
o
d
u
les,
aim
in
g
to
id
en
tify
th
e
m
o
s
t
ac
cu
r
ate
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
m
eth
o
d
[
9
]
-
[
1
1
]
.
Fin
ally
,
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
els
to
p
r
ed
i
ct
th
e
f
in
al
en
er
g
y
y
ield
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
o
p
er
atin
g
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
i
n
ten
s
ity
an
d
m
o
d
u
le
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
[
1
2
]
-
[
1
5
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
tem
s
is
co
n
tin
g
en
t u
p
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
.
A
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
t
an
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
is
es
s
en
tial
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
d
esig
n
a
n
d
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
e
f
f
icien
cy
o
f
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
.
Ph
o
to
v
o
ltai
c
ce
lls
co
n
v
er
t
s
u
n
lig
h
t
d
ir
ec
tly
in
to
elec
tr
i
ca
l
en
er
g
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
ef
f
ec
t.
T
h
e
e
f
f
icien
cy
o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
is
clo
s
ely
tied
to
t
h
e
in
tr
in
s
ic
an
d
ex
t
r
in
s
ic
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
th
e
ce
ll.
I
n
tr
i
n
s
ic
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
m
at
er
ials
an
d
ju
n
ctio
n
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
,
in
clu
d
in
g
b
an
d
g
ap
,
ca
r
r
ier
m
o
b
ilit
y
-
lif
etim
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct,
a
n
d
r
ec
o
m
b
in
atio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
ex
tr
in
s
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
ex
ter
n
al
o
p
er
atin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
an
d
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
o
th
er
o
p
er
atio
n
al
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
s
y
s
tem
lo
s
s
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
wir
in
g
lo
s
s
es,
in
v
er
ter
lo
s
s
es,
an
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
lo
s
s
es,
n
ee
d
to
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
S
tu
d
y
in
g
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
tem
s
f
r
o
m
ex
tr
in
s
ic
p
ar
am
eter
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
p
er
io
d
h
a
s
att
r
ac
ted
r
esear
ch
in
ter
est
f
r
o
m
m
an
y
au
th
o
r
s
.
Var
io
u
s
m
eth
o
d
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
em
p
lo
y
ed
,
s
u
ch
as
DE
A
+
T
o
b
it
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
,
m
u
ltiv
ar
iate
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
s
p
ec
if
ic
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
m
eth
o
d
s
,
as p
r
esen
ted
i
n
T
ab
le
2
.
F
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
T
a
b
le
2
,
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
h
a
v
e
f
o
c
u
s
e
d
o
n
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
s
y
s
te
m
s
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
z
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
ac
t
o
r
s
a
f
f
e
c
ti
n
g
t
h
e
i
r
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
.
Y
i
et
a
l
.
[
1
6
]
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
a
c
a
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
C
h
i
n
a
,
a
n
al
y
z
i
n
g
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
s
u
c
h
as
s
o
l
a
r
i
r
r
a
d
i
at
i
o
n
,
a
m
b
i
e
n
t
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
,
w
i
n
d
s
p
e
e
d
,
a
n
d
h
u
m
id
i
t
y
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
.
W
a
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
7
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
a
m
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
o
p
e
r
a
ti
o
n
a
l
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
s
o
l
a
r
p
o
w
e
r
p
l
a
n
t
s
u
n
d
e
r
a
ct
u
a
l
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
c
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
s
,
c
o
m
p
r
i
s
i
n
g
t
h
r
e
e
s
t
a
g
es
:
te
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
e
f
f
i
ci
e
n
c
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
267
4
-
2
6
8
4
2676
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
,
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
al
a
d
ju
s
t
m
e
n
t
,
a
n
d
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
e
v
a
l
u
at
i
o
n
.
K
et
j
o
y
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
8
]
f
o
c
u
s
e
d
o
n
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
at
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
a
f
f
e
ct
in
g
t
h
e
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
o
f
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
i
n
g
r
i
d
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
n
T
h
a
i
l
a
n
d
.
M
e
a
n
w
h
i
l
e
,
P
r
a
d
h
a
n
[
1
9
]
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
d
t
e
n
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
f
ac
t
o
r
s
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
f
f
i
ci
e
n
c
y
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
F
i
n
a
l
l
y
,
E
l
h
a
m
a
o
u
i
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
0
]
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
d
t
h
e
l
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
d
e
g
r
a
d
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
C
I
S
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
p
l
a
n
t
u
n
d
e
r
s
e
m
i
-
a
r
i
d
c
l
i
m
a
ti
c
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s
.
M
o
s
t
s
t
u
d
i
es
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
t
h
at
t
h
e
t
w
o
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
a
f
f
e
c
t
in
g
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
c
e
ll
s
a
r
e
s
o
l
a
r
i
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
ta
ic
a
r
r
a
y
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
i
n
p
o
w
e
r
p
lan
t
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
l
o
s
s
es
,
a
n
d
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
,
al
s
o
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
v
a
r
i
a
t
i
o
n
s
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
m
o
n
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
m
et
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
s
t
u
d
i
es
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
s
c
o
ll
e
c
ti
n
g
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
z
i
n
g
r
e
a
l
-
w
o
r
l
d
d
a
t
a
f
r
o
m
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
p
o
w
e
r
p
la
n
t
s
,
a
s
s
e
s
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
a
n
d
te
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
e
f
f
i
ci
e
n
c
y
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
e
a
c
h
s
t
u
d
y
h
a
s
a
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
s
c
o
p
e
a
n
d
e
m
p
h
a
s
is
r
eg
a
r
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
p
ec
i
f
i
c
a
n
al
y
s
is
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
a
p
p
li
e
d
.
T
h
e
m
a
i
n
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
t
o
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
a
n
d
l
o
s
s
e
s
o
f
t
w
o
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
i
c
p
o
w
e
r
p
l
a
n
t
s
l
o
c
at
e
d
i
n
t
w
o
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
w
i
t
h
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
cl
i
m
a
t
e
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
u
n
d
e
r
a
c
t
u
a
l
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
a
f
o
r
m
u
l
a
w
as
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
t
o
e
x
p
r
e
s
s
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
e
la
t
i
o
n
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
s
o
l
a
r
i
r
r
a
d
i
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
t
o
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
l
o
ca
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
i
n
s
t
a
l
li
n
g
s
o
l
a
r
p
o
w
e
r
p
l
a
n
ts
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
es
t
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
.
T
h
e
n
e
x
t
p
a
r
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
p
r
e
s
e
n
ts
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
i
n
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
2
,
a
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
i
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
S
e
ct
i
o
n
3
,
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
a
n
d
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
a
r
e
p
r
es
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
S
e
ct
i
o
n
4
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
o
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
is
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
s
e
c
ti
o
n
5
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Me
th
o
d
o
lo
g
ies u
s
ed
t
o
an
aly
ze
th
e
im
p
ac
t o
f
f
ac
to
r
s
o
n
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
tem
s
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
O
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
R
e
s
u
l
t
[
1
6
]
T
h
r
e
e
-
s
t
a
g
e
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
(
D
E
A
+
T
o
b
i
t
r
e
g
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
)
E
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
o
f
U
S
s
o
l
a
r
P
V
p
l
a
n
t
s
,
r
e
m
o
v
e
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
S
l
i
g
h
t
d
e
c
r
e
a
s
e
i
n
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
a
f
t
e
r
r
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
[
1
7
]
D
E
A
+
T
o
b
i
t
r
e
g
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
E
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
s
o
l
a
r
P
V
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
i
n
C
h
i
n
a
,
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
i
n
g
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
r
a
d
i
u
s
,
p
e
r
c
a
p
i
t
a
G
D
P
h
a
v
e
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
[
1
8
]
M
u
l
t
i
v
a
r
i
a
t
e
r
e
g
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
S
t
u
d
y
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
a
f
f
e
c
t
i
n
g
s
o
l
a
r
P
V
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
i
n
T
h
a
i
l
a
n
d
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
a
n
d
s
o
l
a
r
i
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
a
r
e
t
w
o
m
a
i
n
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
[
1
9
]
E
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
S
t
u
d
y
1
0
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
a
f
f
e
c
t
i
n
g
s
o
l
a
r
P
V
s
y
s
t
e
m
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
S
o
l
a
r
i
r
r
a
d
i
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
a
r
e
t
w
o
m
a
i
n
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
A
n
a
l
y
z
e
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
o
n
s
o
l
a
r
P
V
p
l
a
n
t
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
i
n
C
h
i
n
a
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
i
s
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
f
a
c
t
o
r
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
E
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
s
y
i
e
l
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
s
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
l
o
s
s
e
s
,
s
o
l
a
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
s
o
f
t
w
o
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
p
l
a
n
t
s
i
n
V
i
e
t
n
a
m
2.
E
XP
RI
M
E
NT
AL
P
H
O
T
O
V
O
L
T
A
I
C
SY
ST
E
M
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
to
s
elec
t
two
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
s
at
two
d
if
f
er
en
t
lo
ca
tio
n
s
with
d
is
tin
ct
n
atu
r
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
an
d
t
h
en
an
aly
ze
t
o
f
in
d
t
h
e
r
elat
io
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
lan
t
i
n
d
ices
an
d
clim
atic
f
ea
tu
r
es.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
p
la
n
ts
,
in
c
lu
d
in
g
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
,
o
p
er
atin
g
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
els,
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t,
d
aily
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
h
o
u
r
s
o
f
th
e
p
la
n
ts
,
as
well
as
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
atio
(
PR
)
,
ar
e
co
llected
d
aily
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
d
ata
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
ex
ter
n
al
in
f
lu
en
cin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
tem
was
co
llected
f
r
o
m
th
e
B
I
M2
an
d
B
u
o
n
Ma
T
h
u
o
t
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
aic
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
.
T
h
e
B
I
M2
p
lan
t
h
as
a
d
esig
n
ed
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
2
5
0
MWp
,
with
a
n
ac
tu
al
o
p
er
atin
g
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
2
0
3
MWp
.
T
h
e
p
lan
t
is
lo
ca
ted
in
Ph
u
o
c
Nin
h
co
m
m
u
n
e
,
T
h
u
an
Nam
d
is
t
r
ict,
Nin
h
T
h
u
an
p
r
o
v
in
ce
,
Vietn
a
m
,
at
a
latitu
d
e
o
f
1
1
.
2
0
1
d
eg
r
ee
s
an
d
a
lo
n
g
itu
d
e
o
f
1
0
8
.
9
8
d
eg
r
ee
s
(
s
ee
Fig
u
r
e
2
)
.
T
h
e
la
n
d
ar
ea
is
6
5
0
h
a
wit
h
f
lat
ter
r
ain
,
s
itu
ated
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
ately
1
2
k
m
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
ast.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
B
u
o
n
Ma
T
h
u
o
t
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
is
lo
ca
ted
in
th
e
Dak
lak
Pro
v
i
n
ce
,
Vietn
am
.
T
h
is
f
ac
ilit
y
h
as
8
6
,
9
5
6
SAR
APHI
M
p
an
els
with
a
r
ated
p
o
wer
o
f
3
4
5
W
p
ea
ch
an
d
7
AB
B
in
v
er
ter
s
,
ea
ch
r
ated
at
3
.
5
MWp
.
T
h
e
to
tal
n
o
m
in
al
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
i
s
s
y
s
tem
is
3
0
,
7
1
8
MWp
.
T
h
e
m
ain
tech
n
ical
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
b
o
t
h
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
lan
ts
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
3
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Sp
ec
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
B
I
M2
p
o
wer
p
lan
B
I
M
2
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
p
l
a
n
t
I
t
e
ms
V
a
l
u
e
I
t
e
ms
V
a
l
u
e
I
n
st
a
l
l
e
d
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
2
0
3
M
W
p
I
t
e
ms
V
a
l
u
e
P
V
mo
d
u
l
e
3
3
0
W
p
I
n
st
a
l
l
e
d
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
3
0
.
7
M
W
p
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
P
V
m
o
d
u
l
e
6
1
5
1
5
2
P
V
mo
d
u
l
e
3
4
5
W
p
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
o
f
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
3
.
5
M
W
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
P
V
m
o
d
u
l
e
8
.
9
0
3
7
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
58
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
o
f
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
3
.
5
M
W
B
u
o
n
M
a
Th
u
o
t
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
p
l
a
n
t
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
7
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
meth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
fo
r
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
a
n
d
s
ystem
lo
s
s
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f p
h
o
to
vo
lta
ic
…
(
Le
P
h
ươ
n
g
Tr
u
o
n
g
)
2677
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
L
o
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
s
n
ap
s
h
o
t o
f
B
I
M2
an
d
B
u
o
n
Ma
T
h
u
o
t p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
3.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
T
h
i
s
s
tu
d
y
t
a
k
e
s
an
em
p
ir
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
in
g
ac
tu
al
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
p
lan
t.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
f
o
r
m
u
las
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
I
E
C
6
1
7
2
4
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
t
o
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
k
ey
p
a
r
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
p
lan
t
[
2
3
]
-
[
2
7
]
.
it is
g
iv
en
b
y
th
ese
(
1
)
-
(
5
)
.
=
(
1
)
=
0
(
2
)
=
0
(
3
)
=
(
4
)
=
100
∗
0
(
5
)
W
h
er
e
PR
is
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
at
io
;
i
s
th
e
f
in
al
y
ield
,
is
r
ef
er
en
ce
y
ield
;
is
ar
r
ay
y
ield
;
is
ar
r
ay
o
u
tp
u
t
;
0
is
p
ea
k
p
o
wer
;
is
m
ea
n
d
aily
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
;
is
en
er
g
y
to
g
r
id
;
an
d
is
ca
p
ac
ity
f
ac
to
r
.
A
c
c
u
r
a
t
e
l
y
est
im
atin
g
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
tim
e
o
f
a
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
is
ex
tr
em
ely
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
th
e
p
lan
n
in
g
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
p
lan
t.
T
h
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
tim
e
d
ir
ec
tl
y
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
e
co
n
o
m
ic
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
p
r
o
jects.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
e
n
g
in
ee
r
s
n
ee
d
to
ac
cu
r
at
ely
esti
m
ate
th
is
tim
ef
r
am
e
b
a
s
ed
o
n
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ic
l
o
ca
tio
n
,
wea
th
er
,
p
an
el
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
an
d
i
n
s
tallatio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
P
V
s
y
s
t
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
is
a
u
s
e
f
u
l
s
i
m
u
l
at
i
o
n
t
o
o
l
t
h
at
a
l
l
o
w
s
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
l
l
t
h
e
a
b
o
v
e
f
a
c
to
r
s
a
n
d
a
c
c
u
r
a
t
e
l
y
p
r
e
d
ic
ts
t
h
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
t
i
m
e
o
f
a
s
o
l
a
r
p
o
w
e
r
p
l
a
n
t
.
I
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
,
s
o
l
a
r
p
o
w
e
r
p
l
a
n
t
s
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
n
o
m
i
n
a
l
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
h
o
u
r
d
a
t
a
b
y
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
De
-
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
i
z
a
ti
o
n
t
i
m
e
(
h
h
:
m
m
)
a
n
d
S
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
t
i
m
e
(
h
h
:
m
m
)
.
I
t
i
s
g
i
v
en
b
y
(
6
)
.
=
−
(
6
)
A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
a
r
e
two
p
iv
o
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
im
p
ac
t
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
h
as
el
u
cid
ated
t
h
at
as
th
e
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
r
is
es,
th
e
b
an
d
g
ap
o
f
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
m
ater
ials
n
ar
r
o
ws,
lead
in
g
to
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
th
e
o
p
en
-
cir
c
u
it
v
o
ltag
e
in
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
[
2
8
]
,
[
2
9
]
,
th
er
e
b
y
d
im
in
is
h
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
ef
f
ici
en
cy
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
,
r
eg
i
o
n
s
with
co
o
ler
clim
ates
ten
d
to
ex
h
ib
it
h
ig
h
e
r
s
o
lar
p
la
n
t
ef
f
icien
cies.
T
h
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
co
n
tr
ast
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
two
p
o
we
r
p
lan
ts
s
itu
ated
in
ar
ea
s
with
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
s
in
am
b
ie
n
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
n
a
m
ely
B
u
o
n
Ma
T
h
u
o
t
p
r
o
v
in
ce
an
d
Nin
h
T
h
u
an
p
r
o
v
in
ce
.
B
u
o
n
Ma
T
h
u
o
t
is
k
n
o
w
n
f
o
r
its
tr
o
p
ical
m
o
n
s
o
o
n
clim
ate
n
ea
r
th
e
eq
u
at
o
r
,
m
ar
k
e
d
b
y
h
o
t
an
d
h
u
m
id
co
n
d
itio
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
y
ea
r
.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
an
n
u
al
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
h
o
v
er
s
ar
o
u
n
d
2
3
-
24
°C
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
267
4
-
2
6
8
4
2678
Ap
r
il is
ty
p
ically
th
e
war
m
est
m
o
n
th
,
a
v
er
ag
in
g
2
6
.
5
°C
,
wh
er
ea
s
Dec
em
b
er
an
d
J
an
u
ar
y
a
r
e
th
e
co
o
lest
,
with
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
ar
o
u
n
d
2
1
°C
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
Nin
h
T
h
u
an
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
a
tr
o
p
ical
m
o
n
s
o
o
n
clim
ate
with
p
r
o
x
im
ity
to
th
e
d
eser
t,
m
a
k
in
g
it
p
r
o
n
e
to
r
elativ
ely
h
ig
h
er
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
s
y
ea
r
-
r
o
u
n
d
.
T
h
e
av
e
r
ag
e
a
n
n
u
al
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
i
n
Nin
h
T
h
u
an
is
b
etwe
en
2
7
-
28
°C
.
Ma
y
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
th
e
h
ig
h
est
av
er
ag
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
es,
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
3
0
°C
,
wh
ile
th
e
co
ld
est m
o
n
th
,
J
an
u
ar
y
,
av
e
r
ag
es a
t 2
5
°C
.
A
n
o
t
h
e
r
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
o
p
tical
f
a
cto
r
d
ir
ec
tly
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
a
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
p
l
an
t
is
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
.
R
eg
io
n
s
with
h
ig
h
r
ad
iatio
n
lev
els
o
f
ten
ex
p
er
ien
ce
elev
ated
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
te
m
p
er
atu
r
es,
t
h
er
eb
y
ex
er
tin
g
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
p
lan
t'
s
ef
f
icie
n
cy
.
T
h
e
co
ef
f
icien
t
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
at
io
b
etwe
en
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
a
n
d
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e.
T
h
e
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
p
lan
t'
s
ef
f
icien
c
y
g
e
n
er
ally
in
cr
ea
s
es
as
th
is
c
o
ef
f
icien
t d
ec
r
ea
s
es,
an
d
v
ice
v
er
s
a.
it is
g
iv
en
b
y
(
7
)
.
=
(
7
)
W
h
er
e:
is
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
PV m
o
d
u
le;
is
a
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
of
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
.
T
h
e
(
7
)
p
la
y
s
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
i
n
th
e
d
esig
n
p
h
ase
o
f
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
.
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
s
r
ely
o
n
th
e
in
d
e
x
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
th
is
f
o
r
m
u
la
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
an
d
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
p
la
n
t.
T
h
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
a
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
in
s
tallatio
n
p
r
i
m
ar
ily
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
two
f
ac
to
r
s
:
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
a
n
d
s
o
lar
ir
r
a
d
ian
ce
.
I
n
tr
o
p
ical
r
eg
io
n
s
,
d
esp
ite
th
e
h
ig
h
a
m
o
u
n
ts
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
,
t
h
e
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
is
also
elev
ated
,
wh
ich
ca
n
n
eg
ativ
ely
im
p
ac
t
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
(
PV)
p
an
els.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
PV
p
an
els,
as
th
eir
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
h
o
t e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
,
lead
in
g
to
a
lo
wer
elec
tr
icity
p
r
o
d
u
c
tio
n
ef
f
icien
cy
.
C
o
n
v
e
r
s
e
l
y
,
in
ar
ea
s
with
co
o
l
er
clim
ates,
alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
lev
el
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ia
n
ce
m
a
y
n
o
t
m
a
tch
th
at
o
f
tr
o
p
ical
r
eg
io
n
s
,
th
e
lo
wer
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
ca
n
h
elp
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
PV
p
a
n
els.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
ch
o
o
s
in
g
a
lo
ca
tio
n
t
h
at
b
alan
ce
s
h
ig
h
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
with
m
o
d
er
ate
te
m
p
er
atu
r
es
ca
n
cr
ea
te
f
av
o
r
a
b
le
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
m
ax
im
izin
g
t
h
e
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
p
lan
t.
T
h
is
i
n
d
ex
o
f
f
er
s
a
m
eth
o
d
to
ass
ess
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
an
d
r
ad
iatio
n
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
t
h
eir
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
T
h
is
ass
is
ts
e
n
g
in
ee
r
s
in
estab
lis
h
in
g
a
b
asis
f
o
r
d
ec
id
in
g
wh
er
e
to
in
s
tall
PV
p
an
els
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
o
p
tim
al
ef
f
icien
cy
.
I
t
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
ar
t
o
f
estab
lis
h
in
g
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ical
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
p
la
n
t.
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
an
d
a
n
aly
zin
g
en
e
r
g
y
l
o
s
s
es
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
h
ase
is
c
r
u
cial
f
o
r
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
ef
f
icien
t
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
L
o
s
s
es
m
ay
ar
is
e
f
r
o
m
s
ev
er
al
f
ac
t
o
r
s
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
m
o
d
u
le
m
is
m
atch
,
w
h
ich
is
esti
m
ated
to
ca
u
s
e
ab
o
u
t
0
.
1
-
0
.
2
3
%
o
f
en
e
r
g
y
lo
s
s
[
3
0
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
is
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
lo
s
s
es
d
u
e
to
el
ec
tr
ic
r
esis
tan
ce
in
wir
es
an
d
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
ca
n
ac
c
o
u
n
t
f
o
r
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ately
1
.
7
%
wh
en
u
s
in
g
ca
b
les
o
f
1
.
5
m
m
2
[
3
1
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
to
co
n
s
id
er
is
th
e
ac
cu
m
u
latio
n
o
f
d
ir
t
an
d
d
u
s
t
o
n
s
o
lar
p
an
els,
wh
ich
is
k
n
o
wn
to
p
o
ten
tially
lead
to
a
2
-
5
%
d
e
cr
ea
s
e
in
ef
f
icien
cy
[
3
2
]
.
T
h
i
s
s
tu
d
y
h
as
co
n
d
u
cted
a
d
eta
iled
co
llectio
n
an
d
an
aly
s
is
o
f
d
ata
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
lo
s
s
es
f
r
o
m
in
v
er
ter
s
to
th
e
m
ain
Switch
g
ea
r
an
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ain
Switch
g
ea
r
to
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
,
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
i
n
s
ig
h
t in
to
th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
P
er
f
o
rma
nce
o
f
B
I
M
2
ph
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
po
wer
pla
nt
T
h
e
m
ain
in
d
ices
th
at
n
ee
d
t
o
b
e
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
d
aily
f
o
r
a
PV
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
in
clu
d
e
s
ev
e
r
al
cr
u
cial
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
Firstl
y
,
th
e
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
g
en
e
r
ated
b
y
th
e
p
la
n
t,
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
ef
f
icie
n
cy
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
icity
d
eliv
er
ed
to
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
is
also
a
v
ital
in
d
icato
r
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
p
l
an
t'
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
t
h
e
o
v
er
al
l
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
l
y
,
a
n
d
th
is
m
etr
ic
is
o
f
ten
u
s
ed
to
a
n
a
ly
ze
th
e
r
ev
e
n
u
e
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
th
e
f
ac
ilit
y
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
tr
ac
k
in
g
in
d
ices
r
elate
d
to
lo
s
s
es
h
elp
s
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
im
p
lem
en
t
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
m
ea
s
u
r
es
to
m
in
im
i
ze
th
ese
lo
s
s
e
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
tim
e
o
f
elec
tr
icity
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
ar
am
eter
f
o
r
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
th
e
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
lan
t.
W
ea
th
e
r
in
d
ices
s
u
ch
as
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
,
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e,
an
d
clo
u
d
co
v
e
r
also
n
ee
d
to
b
e
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
wea
th
er
co
n
d
iti
o
n
s
o
n
th
e
p
lan
t'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
T
a
b
le
4
p
r
o
v
id
es d
etailed
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
t
h
e
d
aily
-
m
o
n
ito
r
e
d
i
n
d
ices.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
T
ab
le
4
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
lo
s
s
es
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
f
r
o
m
in
v
er
ter
s
u
p
to
th
e
m
ain
s
witch
g
ea
r
an
d
e
n
er
g
y
lo
s
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
b
s
tatio
n
,
to
talin
g
1
2
.
9
6
MWh
,
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
0
.
9
3
%.
T
h
e
elec
t
r
icity
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
is
1
3
9
3
.
2
1
MWh
,
with
a
s
o
lar
r
a
d
iatio
n
o
f
7
.
2
7
k
W
h
/m
2
an
d
a
n
av
e
r
ag
e
m
o
d
u
le
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
3
7
.
7
9
°C
.
L
et'
s
d
elv
e
in
to
h
o
w
t
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
af
f
ec
ts
a
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
tem
'
s
elec
tr
icity
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
u
s
in
g
th
e
B
I
M2
PV
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
as
an
ex
am
p
le.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
d
e
p
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
th
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
Ap
r
il
2
0
1
9
s
h
o
w
a
v
ar
iatio
n
in
th
e
av
er
ag
e
am
b
ien
t
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
f
r
o
m
2
8
.
5
2
to
3
1
.
7
0
°C
.
N
o
w
,
w
h
e
n
w
e
l
o
o
k
a
t
t
h
e
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
p
a
n
e
l
s
t
h
e
m
s
e
l
v
e
s
,
t
h
ei
r
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
e
m
p
e
r
at
u
r
e
w
as
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
t
o
f
l
u
c
t
u
a
t
e
b
e
tw
e
e
n
3
1
.
1
t
o
4
0
.
8
5
°
C
a
l
o
n
g
s
i
d
e
s
o
l
a
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
l
e
v
el
s
t
h
a
t
s
p
a
n
f
r
o
m
4
.
5
t
o
7
.
6
k
W
h
/
m
2
,
a
s
i
ll
u
s
t
r
at
e
d
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
(
a
)
.
Dig
g
in
g
in
t
o
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
,
th
e
e
m
p
ir
ical
d
ata
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
th
e
PR
,
a
k
ey
in
d
icato
r
o
f
a
p
lan
t'
s
ef
f
icien
cy
,
o
s
cillated
b
etwe
en
7
3
to
8
0
% a
n
d
t
h
e
an
n
u
al
y
ield
b
etwe
en
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
meth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
fo
r
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
a
n
d
s
ystem
lo
s
s
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f p
h
o
to
vo
lta
ic
…
(
Le
P
h
ươ
n
g
Tr
u
o
n
g
)
2679
800
-
1
4
0
0
MWh
.
An
in
ter
esti
n
g
n
o
te
f
r
o
m
th
ese
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
is
th
e
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
d
d
ip
in
ef
f
icien
cy
o
n
th
e
6
t
h
an
d
7
th
d
ay
s
,
attr
ib
u
ted
to
e
n
er
g
y
l
o
s
s
es f
r
o
m
ex
ter
n
al
f
ac
t
o
r
s
.
Un
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
ese
f
l
u
ctu
atio
n
s
is
cr
u
cial
b
ec
au
s
e
m
ain
tain
in
g
a
co
n
s
is
ten
t
PR
is
cr
itica
l
f
o
r
s
o
la
r
f
ac
ilit
ies
o
n
ce
th
ey
'
r
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
g
r
id
.
T
h
is
is
wh
er
e
d
aily
co
llectio
n
an
d
an
aly
s
is
o
f
h
is
to
r
ical
d
ata
co
m
e
in
to
p
lay
,
en
ab
lin
g
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
er
s
to
q
u
ick
ly
twea
k
t
h
e
PR
o
f
th
e
p
la
n
t
to
alig
n
with
th
e
p
r
ed
e
f
in
ed
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
.
Sh
if
tin
g
o
u
r
f
o
c
u
s
to
th
e
o
p
er
ati
o
n
al
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
f
lu
en
cin
g
a
PV
p
lan
t,
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
h
o
u
r
s
ar
e
im
m
en
s
ely
s
ig
n
if
ican
t.
Gen
er
ally
,
th
ese
h
o
u
r
s
ar
e
m
o
s
tly
d
ictated
b
y
th
e
n
atu
r
al
cy
cle
o
f
s
u
n
r
is
e
an
d
s
u
n
s
et,
d
etailed
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
c)
.
Yet,
f
o
r
a
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
p
lan
t,
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
tim
in
g
g
o
es
b
ey
o
n
d
s
im
p
ly
d
a
y
lig
h
t
av
ailab
ilit
y
.
T
o
r
o
u
n
d
u
p
o
u
r
i
n
s
ig
h
t
in
to
th
e
p
o
wer
p
lan
t'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
v
e
r
tim
e,
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
d
)
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t o
v
er
t
h
e
s
p
an
f
r
o
m
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
9
to
Ap
r
il
2
0
2
0
,
s
h
o
wca
s
in
g
h
o
w
it c
o
r
r
elate
s
with
v
ar
y
i
n
g
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
f
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
.
T
h
is
v
is
u
al
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
h
elp
s
u
s
to
co
n
n
e
ct
th
e
d
o
ts
b
etwe
en
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
an
d
th
e
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t,
t
h
u
s
s
h
ed
d
in
g
lig
h
t
o
n
th
e
p
lan
t'
s
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
y
ea
r
.
T
ab
le
4
.
Daily
m
o
n
ito
r
e
d
in
d
i
ce
s
o
f
B
I
M2
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
o
w
er
p
lan
t @
3
0
/0
4
/2
0
1
9
P
l
a
n
t
-
e
n
e
r
g
y
P
l
a
n
t
-
h
o
u
r
s
P
l
a
n
t
w
e
a
t
h
e
r
D
a
i
l
y
p
e
a
k
A
C
p
o
w
e
r
(
e
n
t
i
r
e
p
l
a
n
t
)
(
M
W
)
1
9
0
.
5
7
N
o
mi
n
a
l
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
h
o
u
r
s (
h
)
12
P
l
a
n
t
i
r
r
a
d
i
a
n
c
e
7
.
2
7
0
En
e
r
g
y
o
u
t
p
u
t
(
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
)
M
W
h
1
3
9
3
.
2
1
Ex
t
e
r
n
a
l
g
r
i
d
o
u
t
a
g
e
(
h
)
0
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
a
m
b
i
e
n
t
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
3
1
.
7
0
En
e
r
g
y
o
u
t
p
u
t
(
ma
i
n
s
w
i
t
c
h
g
e
a
r
i
n
M
C
B
)
(
M
W
h
)
1
3
8
2
.
4
4
C
u
r
t
a
i
l
me
n
t
o
u
t
a
g
e
(
h
)
0
W
e
a
t
h
e
r
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
6
A
M
t
o
9
A
M
S
u
n
n
y
P
l
a
n
t
e
n
e
r
g
y
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
e
d
t
o
g
r
i
d
EV
N
(
@
2
2
0
k
V
-
met
e
r
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
)
M
W
h
1
3
7
6
.
2
0
HV
c
o
n
t
r
a
c
t
o
r
o
r
o
w
n
e
r
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
o
u
t
a
g
e
(
h
)
0
W
e
a
t
h
e
r
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
9
A
M
t
o
1
2
P
M
S
u
n
n
y
a
n
d
c
l
o
u
d
y
R
e
a
c
t
i
v
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
o
u
t
p
u
t
(
mai
n
s
w
i
t
c
h
g
e
a
r
i
n
M
C
B
)
(
M
V
A
r
h
)
2
6
.
7
3
7
S
y
st
e
m
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
h
o
u
r
s (f
o
r
P
R
)
(
h
)
1
2
.
6
2
h
W
e
a
t
h
e
r
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
9
A
M
t
o
1
2
P
M
S
u
n
n
y
a
n
d
c
l
o
u
d
y
En
e
r
g
y
l
o
ss fr
o
m
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
u
p
t
o
m
a
i
n
s
w
i
t
c
h
g
e
a
r
(
M
W
h
)
1
0
.
7
7
P
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
v
e
m
a
i
n
t
e
n
a
n
c
e
o
u
t
a
g
e
(
h
)
0
W
e
a
t
h
e
r
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
3
P
M
t
o
6
P
M
S
u
n
n
y
En
e
r
g
y
l
o
ss
i
n
H
V
su
b
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
(
M
W
h
)
2
.
1
9
P
V
p
l
a
n
t
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
u
t
a
g
e
(
h
)
W
i
n
d
s
p
e
e
d
(
m/
s)
5
.
0
4
E
c
o
n
s
u
m
e
d
(
sel
f
c
o
n
su
me
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
f
r
o
m
g
r
i
d
)
(
M
W
h
)
2
.
0
7
0
S
y
st
e
m
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
h
o
u
r
s(
h
)
1
2
.
6
2
h
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
mo
d
u
l
e
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
(
o
C)
3
7
.
7
9
En
e
r
g
y
l
o
ss (s
e
l
f
c
o
n
su
mp
t
i
o
n
)
(
%)
0
.
1
5
%
R
a
i
n
N
e
t
p
o
w
e
r
p
l
a
n
t
e
n
e
r
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
(
M
W
h
)
1
3
8
4
.
5
1
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
mo
d
u
l
e
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
1
1
:
4
4
:
0
3
A
M
(
o
C)
4
9
.
7
6
En
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
su
m
p
t
i
o
n
@
n
i
g
h
t
(
9
p
m
-
4
a
m)
M
W
h
2
.
1
5
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
a
m
b
i
e
n
t
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
1
:
3
1
:
3
6
P
M
(
o
C)
3
5
.
5
0
4
.
2
.
P
er
f
o
rma
nce
o
f
B
uo
n M
a
T
hu
o
t
ph
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
po
wer
pla
nt
Simil
a
r
t
o
t
h
e
B
I
M2
s
o
la
r
i
n
s
tall
ati
o
n
,
d
at
a
f
o
r
t
h
e
B
u
o
n
Ma
T
h
u
o
t
p
la
n
t
is
p
r
ese
n
t
ed
i
n
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a
)
d
is
p
la
y
s
t
h
e
am
b
i
e
n
t te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
,
p
a
n
el
te
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
,
a
n
d
s
o
la
r
r
a
d
i
ati
o
n
m
e
asu
r
em
e
n
ts
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
a
t
th
e
B
u
o
n
Ma
T
h
u
o
t
s
o
l
a
r
p
la
n
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
m
o
n
th
.
A
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
r
e
n
d
i
n
b
o
t
h
t
em
p
er
a
tu
r
e
an
d
i
r
r
a
d
i
ati
o
n
ca
n
b
e
n
o
ti
ce
d
as
t
h
e
s
u
m
m
e
r
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
es.
T
h
is
r
ef
lec
ts
t
h
e
in
h
e
r
e
n
t
c
o
r
r
ela
ti
o
n
b
etw
ee
n
wea
t
h
er
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
,
am
b
ie
n
t
f
ac
to
r
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
o
la
r
p
a
n
e
l
s
y
s
te
m
'
s
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
y
ie
ld
a
n
d
PR
co
e
f
f
i
ci
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
B
u
o
n
Ma
T
h
u
o
t
PV
p
l
a
n
t.
Si
g
n
i
f
ic
a
n
t
d
ail
y
f
l
u
ct
u
ati
o
n
s
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
wi
th
in
t
h
e
m
o
n
t
h
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
c
u
r
v
e
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
th
e
y
ield
r
an
g
es f
r
o
m
ab
o
u
t
3
.
5
to
o
v
er
5
.
5
MWh
,
wh
ile
th
e
PR
s
tay
s
b
etwe
en
7
3
% to
8
8
%.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
c
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
tim
e
o
f
th
e
p
lan
t.
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
tim
e
o
f
th
e
p
lan
t
is
cr
itical
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
an
e
f
f
e
ctiv
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
tr
ateg
y
.
Fin
ally
,
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
d
)
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
y
ield
f
o
r
th
e
f
i
r
s
t
6
m
o
n
th
s
o
f
th
e
y
ea
r
.
T
h
ese
m
etr
ics
ar
e
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
y
iel
d
o
v
er
th
e
y
ea
r
s
to
ca
lcu
late
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
,
as
well
as to
p
lan
clea
n
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
s
y
s
tem
to
av
o
id
lo
s
s
es d
u
e
to
s
o
ilin
g
.
4
.
3
.
Sy
s
t
em
lo
s
s
a
na
ly
s
is
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
(
a
)
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
at
e
s
t
h
e
f
a
c
to
r
s
l
e
a
d
i
n
g
t
o
e
n
e
r
g
y
l
o
s
s
es
in
t
h
e
B
u
o
n
M
a
T
h
u
o
t
s
o
l
a
r
p
o
w
e
r
p
l
a
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
e
e
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
l
o
a
d
r
e
s
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
,
c
o
n
t
ac
t
r
es
is
ta
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
l
o
s
s
e
s
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
f
o
r
a
t
o
t
al
o
f
a
b
o
u
t
1
.
3
4
%
e
n
e
r
g
y
l
o
s
s
.
M
ea
n
w
h
i
l
e,
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
s
h
o
w
s
a
h
i
g
h
e
r
r
a
t
i
o
o
f
l
o
s
s
es
a
t
t
h
e
B
I
M
2
p
l
a
n
t
,
w
it
h
t
o
t
al
s
y
s
t
em
l
o
s
s
e
s
of
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
t
el
y
1
%
.
T
h
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
t
r
e
n
d
i
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
es
e
l
o
s
s
es
wi
l
l
r
e
d
u
c
e
el
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
.
T
o
m
in
im
ize
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
ese
lo
s
s
es,
s
o
m
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
th
at
co
u
l
d
b
e
a
p
p
lied
a
r
e
u
s
in
g
b
etter
co
n
d
u
ctiv
e
m
ater
ials
to
r
ed
u
ce
r
esis
tan
ce
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ic
co
n
v
er
te
r
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
267
4
-
2
6
8
4
2680
m
o
r
e
ad
v
an
ce
d
d
esig
n
,
o
p
tim
i
zin
g
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
ar
am
eter
s
an
d
m
ain
ten
a
n
ce
s
ch
ed
u
les
to
r
e
d
u
ce
f
ac
to
r
s
lead
in
g
to
s
y
s
tem
f
au
lt
lo
s
s
es,
an
d
u
p
g
r
ad
in
g
o
ld
er
eq
u
ip
m
en
t.
A
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
tr
ateg
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
b
o
th
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
u
p
g
r
a
d
es a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
o
p
er
at
io
n
s
an
d
m
ai
n
te
n
an
ce
will b
e
k
ey
to
d
r
iv
in
g
d
o
wn
s
y
s
tem
lo
s
s
es.
4
.
4
.
E
f
f
ec
t
o
f
s
o
la
r
r
a
dia
t
io
n a
nd
t
em
pera
t
ure
o
n
y
ield
Fig
u
r
e
6
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
co
ef
f
icien
t,
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
,
an
d
th
e
y
ield
o
f
th
e
B
u
o
n
Ma
T
h
u
o
t
an
d
B
I
M2
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a
)
,
b
ased
o
n
em
p
ir
ical
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
Ap
r
il
7
th
,
8
th
,
an
d
2
9
th
,
t
h
e
co
ef
f
icien
t
attain
e
d
s
u
p
er
io
r
v
alu
es
r
elativ
e
to
th
e
r
em
ain
in
g
d
a
y
s
o
f
th
e
m
o
n
th
,
wh
ile
th
e
elec
tr
ical
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
was
at
its
n
a
d
ir
with
in
th
e
s
am
e
p
er
io
d
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
illu
s
tr
atio
n
en
a
b
les
th
e
d
e
d
u
ctio
n
th
at
elev
ated
m
ag
n
it
u
d
es
o
f
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
co
ef
f
icien
t
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
d
im
in
is
h
ed
elec
tr
icity
g
en
er
atio
n
,
o
r
in
o
th
er
wo
r
d
s
,
an
in
v
er
s
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
ality
ex
is
ts
b
etwe
en
elec
tr
ical
o
u
tp
u
t
an
d
th
e
co
ef
f
icien
t.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
ch
ar
t
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
o
p
tim
al
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
o
we
r
p
la
n
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
cc
u
r
s
f
o
r
v
al
u
es
o
f
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
co
ef
f
icien
t
b
elo
w
8
.
T
h
is
q
u
an
titativ
e
p
a
r
am
eter
c
o
n
s
titu
tes
a
cr
itical
d
eter
m
in
a
n
t
in
th
e
an
aly
tical
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
o
f
p
l
an
t
elec
tr
icity
y
iel
d
p
r
ec
ed
in
g
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ical
s
ite
s
e
lectio
n
f
o
r
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
D
a
y of m
ont
h
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
4
4
.
5
5
5
.
5
6
6
.
5
7
7
.
5
8
A
m
bi
e
nt
T
e
m
pe
r
a
t
u
r
e
M
odu
l
e
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
M
a
x A
m
bi
e
nt
T
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
S
ol
a
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
on
T
emp
era
t
u
re
(
0
C)
So
l
a
r
rad
i
at
i
o
n
(k
W
h
/
m
2
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
D
a
y of m
ont
h
8
0
0
9
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1200
1
3
0
0
1
4
0
0
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Y
i
e
l
d
PR
Y
i
el
d
(MW
h
)
Perf
o
rm
an
c
e
rat
e
(
%
)
(
a)
(
b
)
J
u
n
J
u
l
y
A
u
g
S
e
p
t
O
c
t
N
o
v
D
e
c
J
a
n
F
e
b
M
a
r
A
p
r
M
on
t
h
o
f
Y
e
ar
0
0
.
5
1
1
.
5
2
2
.
5
3
3
.
5
4
4
.
5
Y
i
e
l
d
(
M
W
h
/
m
o
n
t
h
)
10
4
1
0
0
1
2
0
1
4
0
1
6
0
1
8
0
2
0
0
2
2
0
S
o
l
a
r
r
a
d
i
d
a
i
t
o
n
(
k
W
h
/
m
2
/
m
o
n
t
h
)
Y
i
e
l
d
S
ol
a
r
r
a
di
a
t
i
on
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
o
f
B
I
M
2
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
f
o
r
(
a)
tem
p
er
a
t
u
r
e
a
n
d
s
o
lar
r
a
d
iat
i
o
n
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
@
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
9
,
(
b
)
y
ield
a
n
d
PR
@
ap
r
il 2
0
1
9
,
(
c)
n
o
m
in
al
o
p
er
atio
n
h
o
u
r
s
@
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
9
,
an
d
(
d
)
th
e
to
tal
y
ield
@
2
0
1
9
-
2020
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
meth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
fo
r
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
a
n
d
s
ystem
lo
s
s
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f p
h
o
to
vo
lta
ic
…
(
Le
P
h
ươ
n
g
Tr
u
o
n
g
)
2681
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
D
a
y
o
f
m
o
n
t
h
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
2
2
.
5
3
3
.
5
4
4
.
5
5
5
.
5
6
6
.
5
7
A
m
b
i
e
n
t
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
M
o
d
u
l
e
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
S
o
l
a
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
T
emp
era
t
u
re
(
0
C)
So
l
a
r
rad
i
at
i
o
n
(k
W
h
/
m
2
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
60
80
1
0
0
1
2
0
1
4
0
1
6
0
1
8
0
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
Y
i
e
l
d
PR
Y
i
el
d
(MW
h
)
Perf
o
rm
an
c
e
rat
e
(
%
)
D
a
y
o
f
m
o
n
t
h
(
a)
(
b
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
D
a
y of
m
o
nt
h
1
0
.
8
11
1
1
.
2
1
1
.
4
1
1
.
6
1
1
.
8
12
N
o
m
i
n
a
l
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
h
o
u
r
s
(
h
)
M
a
y
J
u
n
J
u
l
A
u
g
S
e
p
t
O
c
t
M
o
n
th
o
f
y
ea
r
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
5
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
90
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
2
0
1
3
0
1
4
0
1
5
0
1
6
0
1
7
0
1
8
0
Y
i
e
l
d
S
o
l
a
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
Y
i
el
d
(M
Wh/
m
o
nth
)
So
l
a
r
ra
d
i
a
ti
o
n
KWh/
m
2
/
m
o
nth
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
o
f
B
u
o
n
Ma
T
h
u
o
t p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
o
w
er
p
lan
t f
o
r
(
a)
to
tal
y
ield
a
n
d
PR
@
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
9
;
(
b
)
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
a
n
d
s
o
lar
r
a
d
i
atio
n
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
@
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
9
;
(
c)
n
o
m
in
al
o
p
er
atio
n
h
o
u
r
s
@
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
9
an
d
(
d
)
th
e
t
o
tal
y
ield
f
o
r
s
ix
m
o
n
th
s
@
2019
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
.
1
0
.
2
0
.
3
0
.
4
0
.
5
0
.
6
0
.
7
0
.
8
0
.
9
F
r
o
m
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
u
p
t
o
m
a
i
n
S
w
i
t
c
h
g
e
a
r
H
i
g
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
u
b
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
D
ay
o
f
mo
n
t
h
E
n
e
rg
y
l
o
s
s
(%
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
.
1
0
.
2
0
.
3
0
.
4
0
.
5
0
.
6
0
.
7
0
.
8
0
.
9
F
r
o
m
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
u
p
t
o
m
a
i
n
S
w
i
t
c
h
g
e
a
r
H
i
g
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
u
b
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
D
ay
o
f
mo
n
t
h
E
n
e
rg
y
l
o
s
s
(%
)
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
E
n
er
g
y
lo
s
s
f
o
r
(
a
)
B
u
o
n
Ma
T
h
u
o
t
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
l
an
t
an
d
(
b
)
B
I
M2
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
lan
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
267
4
-
2
6
8
4
2682
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
D
a
y
o
f
M
o
n
t
h
0
50
100
150
200
6
8
10
12
14
16
Y
i
e
l
d
E
p
s
i
l
o
n
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
Y
i
e
l
d
(
M
W
h
)
E
p
s
i
l
o
n
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
(
a)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
D
a
y
o
f
M
o
n
t
h
0
2
0
0
4
0
0
6
0
0
8
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
1
4
0
0
1
6
0
0
1
8
0
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
Y
i
e
l
d
E
p
s
i
l
o
n
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
Y
i
e
l
d
(
M
W
h
)
E
p
s
i
l
o
n
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
o
f
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
,
an
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
to
y
ield
f
o
r
(
a
)
B
u
o
n
Ma
T
h
u
o
t
p
lan
t
an
d
(
b
)
B
I
M2
p
lan
t
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
two
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
lo
ca
ted
in
d
is
tin
ct
g
eo
g
r
a
p
h
ical
r
e
g
io
n
s
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
clim
atic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
lo
s
s
es
f
o
r
b
o
th
p
lan
ts
d
id
n
o
t
ex
ce
e
d
1
.
3
%.
T
h
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
B
I
M2
p
lan
t
r
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
7
3
%
to
7
9
%,
wh
i
le
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
i
n
B
u
o
n
Ma
T
h
u
o
t
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
h
ig
h
er
ef
f
icien
cy
,
f
lu
ctu
atin
g
b
etwe
en
7
4
%
an
d
8
8
%.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
co
r
r
elatio
n
an
al
y
s
is
b
etwe
en
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
aic
m
o
d
u
les,
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
,
an
d
en
e
r
g
y
y
ield
r
e
v
ea
ls
an
i
n
v
er
s
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
-
ir
r
ad
ia
n
ce
r
atio
an
d
p
o
wer
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
is
r
atio
r
ea
c
h
es
8
wh
en
th
e
p
lan
t
ef
f
icien
c
y
d
ec
r
e
ases
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
.
Fro
m
a
p
r
a
ctica
l
v
iewp
o
in
t,
th
e
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
in
g
s
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
th
is
p
ap
er
s
er
v
e
as
a
v
alu
a
b
le
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
o
r
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ili
ty
an
aly
s
is
an
d
lo
s
s
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
tag
es o
f
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t i
n
Vietn
am
.
T
o
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
liz
ab
ilit
y
an
d
a
p
p
lic
ab
ili
ty
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
r
ese
a
r
c
h
en
d
e
a
v
o
r
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
a
b
r
o
a
d
e
r
s
p
e
ct
r
u
m
o
f
g
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
al
r
e
g
i
o
n
s
wi
th
d
i
v
e
r
s
e
cl
im
ati
c
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s
.
T
h
is
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
will
f
a
cili
tat
e
t
h
e
d
ete
r
m
i
n
at
io
n
o
f
a
n
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iat
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
e
f
f
ic
ie
n
c
y
v
a
lu
es
s
p
ec
if
ic
t
o
ea
c
h
c
lim
ati
c
z
o
n
e
a
n
d
elu
ci
d
a
te
t
h
e
i
n
t
r
i
ca
t
e
r
ela
ti
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
etw
ee
n
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
tai
c
p
o
w
er
p
l
an
ts
a
n
d
t
h
ei
r
g
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
ca
l
lo
c
ati
o
n
s
.
B
y
e
x
p
a
n
d
i
n
g
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
es
ea
r
c
h
,
a
m
o
r
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
a
n
d
ac
cu
r
a
te
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
r
ed
ict
io
n
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
a
c
h
ie
v
e
d
,
en
a
b
li
n
g
w
i
d
er
a
d
o
p
ti
o
n
a
n
d
im
p
l
em
e
n
tat
io
n
wit
h
i
n
th
e
r
en
ewa
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
I
R
EN
A
,
“
R
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
En
e
r
g
y
S
t
a
t
i
st
i
c
s,
”
2
0
1
7
.
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
h
t
t
p
s:
/
/
w
w
w
.
i
r
e
n
a
.
o
r
g
/
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s/
2
0
1
7
/
Ju
l
/
R
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
-
En
e
r
g
y
-
S
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
s
-
2
0
1
7
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
meth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
fo
r
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
a
n
d
s
ystem
lo
s
s
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f p
h
o
to
vo
lta
ic
…
(
Le
P
h
ươ
n
g
Tr
u
o
n
g
)
2683
[
2
]
I
R
EN
A
,
“
C
o
u
n
t
r
y
R
a
n
k
i
n
g
s
.
”
2
0
2
4
.
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
h
t
t
p
s:
/
/
w
w
w
.
i
r
e
n
a
.
o
r
g
/
D
a
t
a
/
V
i
e
w
-
d
a
t
a
-
by
-
t
o
p
i
c
/
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
-
a
n
d
-
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
/
C
o
u
n
t
r
y
-
R
a
n
k
i
n
g
s.
[
3
]
P
.
R
.
M
i
sh
r
a
,
S
.
R
a
t
h
o
r
e
,
K
.
S
.
V
.
V
a
r
ma,
a
n
d
S
.
K
.
Y
a
d
a
v
,
“
L
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
a
n
d
d
e
g
r
a
d
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
a
5
M
W
s
o
l
a
r
P
V
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
t
h
e
A
n
d
a
m
a
n
& N
i
c
o
b
a
r
I
sl
a
n
d
s,”
E
n
e
r
g
y
f
o
r
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
7
9
,
2
0
2
4
,
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
s
d
.
2
0
2
4
.
1
0
1
4
1
3
.
[
4
]
A
.
A
meu
r
,
A
.
B
e
r
r
a
d
a
,
A
.
B
o
u
a
i
c
h
i
,
a
n
d
K
.
L
o
u
d
i
y
i
,
“
Lo
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
d
e
g
r
a
d
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
P
V
mo
d
u
l
e
s
u
n
d
e
r
t
e
mp
e
r
a
t
e
c
l
i
mat
e
,
”
R
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
En
e
r
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
8
,
p
p
.
3
7
–
5
1
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
2
,
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
r
e
n
e
n
e
.
2
0
2
2
.
0
2
.
0
2
5
.
[
5
]
D
.
V
a
l
e
n
c
i
a
-
C
a
b
a
l
l
e
r
o
,
S
.
B
o
u
c
h
a
k
o
u
r
,
A
.
L
u
n
a
,
B
.
G
a
r
c
i
a
-
M
a
r
c
o
,
A
.
H
u
i
d
o
b
r
o
,
I
.
F
l
o
r
e
s
-
A
b
a
sc
a
l
,
A
.
S
a
n
z
,
a
n
d
E.
R
o
má
n
,
“
Ex
p
e
r
i
me
n
t
a
l
e
n
e
r
g
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
a
s
sessme
n
t
o
f
a
b
i
f
a
c
i
a
l
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
n
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
c
o
o
l
r
o
o
f
c
o
a
t
i
n
g
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
B
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
8
0
,
2
0
2
3
,
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
j
o
b
e
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
0
8
0
0
9
.
[
6
]
M
.
Z.
H
u
ss
i
n
,
A
.
M
.
O
m
a
r
,
Z.
M
.
Za
i
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
S
h
a
a
r
i
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
o
f
G
r
i
d
-
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
S
y
s
t
e
m
i
n
Eq
u
a
t
o
r
i
a
l
R
a
i
n
f
o
r
e
st
F
u
l
l
y
H
u
m
i
d
C
l
i
m
a
t
e
o
f
M
a
l
a
y
si
a
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
P
o
w
e
r
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
(
I
J
A
PE)
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
2
0
1
3
,
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
i
j
a
p
e
.
v
2
i
3
.
2
0
9
0
.
[
7
]
K
.
M
a
t
i
y
a
l
i
a
n
d
A
.
A
s
h
o
k
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
g
r
i
d
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
s
o
l
a
r
P
V
p
o
w
e
r
p
l
a
n
t
,
”
i
n
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
-
2
0
1
6
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
,
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
A
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
o
n
(
F
a
l
l
)
,
I
C
AC
C
A
2
0
1
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[
8
]
R
.
S
h
a
r
ma
a
n
d
S
.
G
o
e
l
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
a
1
1
.
2
k
W
p
r
o
o
f
t
o
p
g
r
i
d
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
P
V
sy
s
t
e
m
i
n
E
a
st
e
r
n
I
n
d
i
a
,
”
E
n
e
r
g
y
R
e
p
o
r
t
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
p
p
.
7
6
–
8
4
,
2
0
1
7
,
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
g
y
r
.
2
0
1
7
.
0
5
.
0
0
1
.
[
9
]
C
.
B
u
e
r
h
o
p
-
L
u
t
z
,
O
.
S
t
r
o
y
u
k
,
T.
P
i
c
k
e
l
,
T.
W
i
n
k
l
e
r
,
J
.
H
a
u
c
h
,
a
n
d
I
.
M
.
P
e
t
e
r
s,
“
P
V
mo
d
u
l
e
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
r
b
a
c
k
s
h
e
e
t
s
-
A
c
a
se
st
u
d
y
o
f
a
M
u
l
t
i
-
M
W
P
V
p
o
w
e
r
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
S
o
l
a
r
En
e
r
g
y
Ma
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
a
n
d
S
o
l
a
r
C
e
l
l
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
1
,
2
0
2
1
,
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
s
o
l
ma
t
.
2
0
2
1
.
1
1
1
2
9
5
.
[
1
0
]
A
.
H
u
ss
a
i
n
,
A
.
B
a
t
r
a
,
a
n
d
R
.
P
a
c
h
a
u
r
i
,
“
A
n
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
s
t
u
d
y
o
n
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
d
u
st
o
n
p
o
w
e
r
l
o
s
s
i
n
so
l
a
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
m
o
d
u
l
e
,
”
Re
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
s:
W
i
n
d
,
W
a
t
e
r,
a
n
d
S
o
l
a
r
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
1
7
,
1
0
.
1
1
8
6
/
s
4
0
8
0
7
-
0
1
7
-
0
0
4
3
-
y.
[
1
1
]
A
.
M
.
S
i
l
v
a
,
F
.
C
.
M
e
l
o
,
J.
H
.
R
e
i
s,
a
n
d
L.
C
.
G
.
F
r
e
i
t
a
s
,
“
Th
e
st
u
d
y
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
m
o
d
u
l
e
s
u
n
d
e
r
r
e
a
l
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s,
i
n
a
r
e
g
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
B
r
a
z
i
l
i
a
n
S
o
u
t
h
e
a
s
t
,
”
R
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
8
,
p
p
.
1
1
8
9
–
1
2
0
4
,
2
0
1
9
,
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
r
e
n
e
n
e
.
2
0
1
9
.
0
1
.
1
2
9
.
[
1
2
]
T.
M
a
,
H
.
Y
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
L
.
L
u
,
“
S
o
l
a
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
sy
st
e
m
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
a
n
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
,
”
R
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
E
n
e
r
g
y
Re
v
i
e
w
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
6
,
p
p
.
3
0
4
–
3
1
5
,
2
0
1
4
,
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
r
ser.
2
0
1
4
.
0
4
.
0
5
7
.
[
1
3
]
A
.
Q
.
Ja
k
h
r
a
n
i
,
S
.
R
.
S
a
m
o
,
S
.
A
.
K
a
m
b
o
h
,
J
.
L
a
b
a
d
i
n
,
a
n
d
A
.
R
.
H
.
R
i
g
i
t
,
“
A
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
m
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
p
o
w
e
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
so
l
a
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
mo
d
u
l
e
s,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
P
h
o
t
o
e
n
e
r
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
1
4
,
2
0
1
4
,
1
0
.
1
1
5
5
/
2
0
1
4
/
3
4
6
7
0
4
.
[
1
4
]
M
.
T
h
e
r
i
st
i
s,
V
.
V
e
n
i
z
e
l
o
u
,
G
.
M
a
k
r
i
d
e
s,
a
n
d
G
.
E.
G
e
o
r
g
h
i
o
u
,
“
E
n
e
r
g
y
y
i
e
l
d
i
n
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
s
y
st
e
ms,
”
M
c
Ev
o
y
’
s
H
a
n
d
b
o
o
k
o
f
Ph
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
s:
Fu
n
d
a
m
e
n
t
a
l
s
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
p
p
.
6
7
1
–
7
1
3
,
2
0
1
8
,
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
B
9
7
8
-
0
-
12
-
8
0
9
9
2
1
-
6
.
0
0
0
1
7
-
3.
[
1
5
]
L.
Zh
u
,
Q
.
L
i
,
M
.
C
h
e
n
,
K
.
C
a
o
,
a
n
d
Y
.
S
u
n
,
“
A
s
i
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
d
ma
t
h
e
ma
t
i
c
a
l
mo
d
e
l
f
o
r
p
o
w
e
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
n
g
o
f
B
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
u
n
d
e
r
p
a
r
t
i
a
l
s
h
a
d
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s,
”
En
e
rg
y
C
o
n
v
e
rs
i
o
n
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
0
,
p
p
.
8
3
1
–
8
4
3
,
2
0
1
9
,
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
n
c
o
n
ma
n
.
2
0
1
8
.
1
1
.
0
3
6
.
[
1
6
]
T.
Y
i
,
L
.
T
o
n
g
,
M
.
Q
i
u
,
a
n
d
J.
Li
u
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
d
r
i
v
i
n
g
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
:
A
c
a
s
e
st
u
d
y
i
n
C
h
i
n
a
,
”
En
e
r
g
i
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
2
0
1
9
,
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
e
n
1
2
0
3
0
3
5
5
.
[
1
7
]
Z.
W
a
n
g
,
Y
.
Li
,
K
.
W
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
Z.
H
u
a
n
g
,
“
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
-
a
d
j
u
st
e
d
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
s
o
l
a
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
p
o
w
e
r
p
l
a
n
t
s:
A
t
h
r
e
e
st
a
g
e
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s,
”
R
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
a
n
d
S
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
En
e
rg
y
R
e
v
i
e
w
s
,
v
o
l
.
7
6
,
p
p
.
1
1
5
3
–
1
1
6
2
,
2
0
1
7
,
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
r
ser.
2
0
1
7
.
0
3
.
1
1
9
.
[
1
8
]
N
.
K
e
t
j
o
y
,
W
.
C
h
a
ms
a
-
a
r
d
,
a
n
d
P
.
M
e
n
s
i
n
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
si
s
o
f
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
a
f
f
e
c
t
i
n
g
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
o
f
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s:
C
a
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
g
r
i
d
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
P
V
sy
st
e
ms
i
n
l
o
w
e
r
n
o
r
t
h
e
r
n
r
e
g
i
o
n
o
f
T
h
a
i
l
a
n
d
,
”
E
n
e
r
g
y
Re
p
o
rt
s
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
p
p
.
3
8
5
7
–
3
8
6
8
,
2
0
2
1
,
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
g
y
r
.
2
0
2
1
.
0
6
.
0
7
5
.
[
1
9
]
A
.
P
r
a
d
h
a
n
a
n
d
B
.
P
a
n
d
a
,
“
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
t
e
n
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
a
f
f
e
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
P
V
sy
s
t
e
m
,
”
i
n
2
0
1
7
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
E
n
e
r
g
y
,
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
D
a
t
a
A
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
s
a
n
d
S
o
f
t
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
,
I
C
EC
D
S
2
0
1
7
,
2
0
1
8
,
p
p
.
3
0
9
3
–
3
0
9
8
.
[
2
0
]
S
.
El
h
a
m
a
o
u
i
,
A
.
B
e
n
a
z
z
o
u
z
,
A
.
E
l
a
mi
m,
I
.
A
.
A
b
d
e
l
mo
u
l
a
,
K
.
T
i
j
a
n
i
,
A
.
G
h
e
n
n
i
o
u
i
,
a
n
d
M
.
El
K
h
a
i
l
i
,
“
L
o
n
g
-
t
e
r
m
o
u
t
d
o
o
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
d
e
g
r
a
d
a
t
i
o
n
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
C
I
S
P
V
p
l
a
n
t
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
se
mi
-
a
r
i
d
c
l
i
m
a
t
e
o
f
B
e
n
g
u
e
r
i
r
M
o
r
o
c
c
o
,
”
E
n
e
rg
y
R
e
p
o
r
t
s
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
p
p
.
3
2
2
–
3
3
9
,
2
0
2
3
,
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
g
y
r
.
2
0
2
3
.
0
5
.
2
7
2
.
[
2
1
]
F
.
S
a
e
e
d
a
n
d
A
.
Zo
h
a
i
b
,
“
Q
u
a
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
L
o
sses
i
n
a
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
S
y
st
e
m:
A
R
e
v
i
e
w
†
,
”
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
2
1
,
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
A
S
E
C
2
0
2
1
-
1
1
2
0
0
.
[
2
2
]
F
.
Ta
h
r
i
,
A
.
Ta
h
r
i
,
a
n
d
T.
O
o
z
e
k
i
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
g
r
i
d
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
s
y
s
t
e
ms
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
w
o
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
mo
d
u
l
e
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
u
n
d
e
r
t
r
o
p
i
c
a
l
c
l
i
mat
e
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s,
”
E
n
e
r
g
y
C
o
n
v
e
rs
i
o
n
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
5
,
p
p
.
2
4
4
–
2
5
2
,
2
0
1
8
,
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
n
c
o
n
ma
n
.
2
0
1
8
.
0
3
.
0
6
5
.
[
2
3
]
F
.
Jo
sé
M
u
ñ
o
z
-
R
o
d
r
í
g
u
e
z
,
A
.
S
n
y
t
k
o
,
J.
d
e
l
a
C
a
sa
H
e
r
n
á
n
d
e
z
,
C
.
R
u
s
-
C
a
sas
,
a
n
d
G
.
Ji
m
é
n
e
z
-
C
a
st
i
l
l
o
,
“
R
o
o
f
t
o
p
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
sy
st
e
ms.
N
e
w
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s f
o
r
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
si
s fr
o
m
mo
n
i
t
o
r
e
d
d
a
t
a
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
I
EC
6
1
7
2
4
,
”
E
n
e
r
g
y
a
n
d
B
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
9
5
,
2
0
2
3
,
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
n
b
u
i
l
d
.
2
0
2
3
.
1
1
3
2
8
0
.
[
2
4
]
E.
O
g
l
i
a
r
i
,
A
.
D
o
l
a
r
a
,
D
.
M
a
z
z
e
o
,
G
.
M
a
n
z
o
l
i
n
i
,
a
n
d
S
.
L
e
v
a
,
“
B
i
f
a
c
i
a
l
a
n
d
M
o
n
o
f
a
c
i
a
l
P
V
S
y
s
t
e
ms
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
A
ssessme
n
t
B
a
se
d
o
n
I
EC
6
1
7
2
4
-
1
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
,
”
I
EEE
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
7
5
6
–
7
6
3
,
2
0
2
3
,
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
JP
H
O
TO
V
.
2
0
2
3
.
3
2
9
5
8
6
9
.
[
2
5
]
K
.
A
.
K
l
i
s
e
,
J
.
S
.
S
t
e
i
n
,
a
n
d
J
.
C
u
n
n
i
n
g
h
a
m,
“
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
I
EC
6
1
7
2
4
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
t
o
A
n
a
l
y
z
e
P
V
S
y
st
e
m
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
i
n
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
C
l
i
ma
t
e
s,
”
p
p
.
3
1
6
1
–
3
1
6
6
,
2
0
1
8
,
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
p
v
sc
.
2
0
1
7
.
8
3
6
6
6
6
6
.
[
2
6
]
K
.
P
.
S
a
t
sa
n
g
i
,
G
.
S
.
S
a
i
l
e
sh
B
a
b
u
,
D
.
B
.
D
a
s
,
a
n
d
A
.
K
.
S
a
x
e
n
a
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
g
r
i
d
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
sy
s
t
e
m,”
i
n
2
0
1
8
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
,
Po
w
e
r
a
n
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s,
G
U
C
O
N
2
0
1
8
,
2
0
1
9
,
p
p
.
6
9
1
–
6
9
5
.
[
2
7
]
E.
F
u
st
e
r
-
P
a
l
o
p
,
C
.
V
a
r
g
a
s
-
S
a
l
g
a
d
o
,
J.
C
.
F
e
r
r
i
-
R
e
v
e
r
t
,
a
n
d
J.
P
a
y
á
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
a
n
d
mo
d
e
l
l
i
n
g
o
f
a
5
0
M
W
g
r
i
d
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
S
p
a
i
n
a
f
t
e
r
1
2
y
e
a
r
s
o
f
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
R
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
a
n
d
S
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
En
e
rg
y
Re
v
i
e
w
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
0
,
2
0
2
2
,
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
r
ser.
2
0
2
2
.
1
1
2
9
6
8
.
[
2
8
]
S
.
K
r
a
u
t
e
r
,
“
I
n
c
r
e
a
se
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
y
i
e
l
d
v
i
a
w
a
t
e
r
f
l
o
w
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
f
r
o
n
t
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
p
a
n
e
l
s,”
S
o
l
a
r
E
n
e
r
g
y
Ma
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
a
n
d
S
o
l
a
r
C
e
l
l
s
,
v
o
l
.
8
2
,
n
o
.
1
–
2
,
p
p
.
1
3
1
–
1
3
7
,
2
0
0
4
,
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
s
o
l
m
a
t
.
2
0
0
4
.
0
1
.
0
1
1
.
[
2
9
]
P
.
S
i
n
g
h
a
n
d
N
.
M
.
R
a
v
i
n
d
r
a
,
“
Te
mp
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e
o
f
s
o
l
a
r
c
e
l
l
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
a
n
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s,
”
S
o
l
a
r
En
e
r
g
y
M
a
t
e
ri
a
l
s
a
n
d
S
o
l
a
r
C
e
l
l
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
1
,
p
p
.
3
6
-
4
5
,
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
so
l
ma
t
.
2
0
1
2
.
0
2
.
0
1
9
.
[
3
0
]
D
.
G
.
L
o
r
e
n
t
e
,
S
.
P
e
d
r
a
z
z
i
,
G
.
Z
i
n
i
,
A
.
D
a
l
l
a
R
o
sa,
a
n
d
P
.
Ta
r
t
a
r
i
n
i
,
“
M
i
sma
t
c
h
l
o
sses
i
n
P
V
p
o
w
e
r
p
l
a
n
t
s,
”
S
o
l
a
r
En
e
r
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
0
,
p
p
.
4
2
–
4
9
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
4
,
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
so
l
e
n
e
r
.
2
0
1
3
.
1
1
.
0
2
6
.
[
3
1
]
S
.
Ek
i
c
i
a
n
d
M
.
A
.
K
o
p
r
u
,
“
I
n
v
e
st
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
P
V
s
y
st
e
m
c
a
b
l
e
l
o
s
ses,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
R
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
En
e
rg
y
Re
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
8
0
7
–
8
1
5
,
2
0
1
7
,
1
0
.
2
0
5
0
8
/
i
j
r
e
r
.
v
7
i
2
.
5
6
6
0
.
g
7
0
6
2
.
[
3
2
]
A
.
H
i
c
h
r
i
,
M
.
H
a
j
j
i
,
M
.
M
a
n
s
o
u
r
i
,
K
.
B
o
u
z
r
a
r
a
,
H
.
N
o
u
n
o
u
,
a
n
d
M
.
N
o
u
n
o
u
,
“
D
e
e
p
Le
a
r
n
i
n
g
b
a
se
d
F
a
u
l
t
D
i
a
g
n
o
s
i
s
i
n
a
G
r
i
d
-
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
S
y
st
e
ms,
”
i
n
2
0
2
2
1
9
t
h
I
EEE
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
M
u
l
t
i
-
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
y
st
e
m
s,
S
i
g
n
a
l
s
a
n
d
D
e
v
i
c
e
s,
S
S
D
2
0
2
2
,
2
0
2
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
5
0
–
1
1
5
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.