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[
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Mu
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ML
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with
n
atu
r
al
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in
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I
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2088
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8
6
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A
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ize,
an
d
lo
w
d
esig
n
co
m
p
lex
ity
.
R
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
h
av
e
s
ee
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
in
ter
est
in
th
e
5
L
-
ANPC
in
v
er
ter
,
wh
ich
is
alr
ea
d
y
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
c
o
m
m
er
cially
f
o
r
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licatio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
m
ed
i
u
m
p
o
wer
lev
els
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
W
an
g
et
a
l
.
[
1
7
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
a
n
ew
s
ix
-
s
witch
5L
-
ANPC
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
ed
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
a
l
5L
-
ANPC
in
v
er
ter
s
,
th
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
r
ed
u
ce
s
two
s
witch
es
an
d
s
h
o
ws
lo
wer
co
n
d
u
ctio
n
l
o
s
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
o
n
e
lim
itatio
n
o
f
th
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
its
in
ab
ilit
y
to
m
ain
tain
FC
v
o
ltag
e
b
alan
cin
g
u
n
d
e
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
d
ex
v
ar
iatio
n
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
ch
allen
g
e,
r
es
ea
r
ch
er
s
[
1
8
]
an
d
[
1
9
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
b
ased
o
n
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
ca
n
c
o
n
tr
o
l
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
e
b
ala
n
c
e
o
f
th
e
FC
v
o
ltag
e
ev
en
with
m
o
d
u
latio
n
i
n
d
ex
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
allo
ws
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
an
d
ac
cu
r
ate
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
l,
r
e
s
u
ltin
g
in
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
5
L
-
ANPC
in
v
er
ter
in
m
ai
n
tain
in
g
FC
v
o
ltag
e
b
alan
ci
n
g
.
W
ith
a
m
in
im
u
m
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
o
wer
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
d
ev
ices
,
an
d
with
o
u
t
an
y
d
io
d
e
-
clam
p
e
d
o
r
f
ly
in
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
,
au
th
o
r
s
in
[
1
4
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
o
v
el
n
in
e
-
lev
el
i
n
v
er
t
er
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
t
h
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
g
e
n
er
ates
n
in
e
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els
with
o
n
ly
n
in
e
s
witch
e
s
b
y
ca
s
ca
d
in
g
th
e
d
er
iv
ed
T
-
B
r
id
g
e
m
o
d
u
le
an
d
th
e
NPC
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
T
o
r
e
d
u
ce
s
witch
in
g
lo
s
s
es
in
p
o
wer
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
,
a
n
o
v
el
m
o
d
u
lati
o
n
m
et
h
o
d
b
ased
o
n
m
u
lti
-
ca
r
r
ier
-
b
ased
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
p
u
ls
e
-
wid
th
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
an
d
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
m
o
d
u
latio
n
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
An
o
t
h
er
w
ay
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
n
in
e
-
lev
el
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
1
6
]
,
i
n
v
o
lv
i
n
g
th
e
s
er
i
es
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
two
f
iv
e
-
l
ev
el
ANPC
in
v
er
ter
s
.
W
h
ile
th
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
f
er
s
a
m
o
d
u
lar
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
ad
d
itio
n
al
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
'
s
s
ize
an
d
co
s
t
.
I
n
t
h
e
ar
ticle
[
2
0
]
,
an
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
f
e
atu
r
in
g
a
n
in
e
-
lev
el
m
o
d
if
ied
ANPC
in
v
er
ter
u
tili
zin
g
o
n
ly
ten
s
witch
es.
T
h
is
d
esig
n
co
m
p
r
is
es
two
p
r
im
ar
y
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
:
a
f
iv
e
-
lev
el
ANPC
u
n
it
an
d
a
two
-
le
v
el
co
n
v
e
r
ter
leg
with
a
n
ad
d
i
tio
n
al
A
C
ter
m
in
al
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
at
its
m
id
p
o
in
t.
T
o
m
ain
tain
a
tig
h
t
b
ala
n
ce
in
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
f
ly
in
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
a
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
b
ased
o
n
ad
-
h
o
c
s
witch
in
g
s
tate
r
ed
u
n
d
an
cy
is
u
tili
ze
d
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
em
p
l
o
y
s
a
lo
o
k
u
p
tab
le
to
s
tr
ea
m
lin
e
co
n
tr
o
l
co
m
p
lex
ity
.
An
o
th
er
h
y
b
r
id
9
L
in
v
e
r
ter
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
1
]
,
t
h
e
p
ap
e
r
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
in
e
-
lev
el
ANPC
/H
-
B
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
ter
tailo
r
ed
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
p
o
wer
m
ed
i
u
m
v
o
ltag
e
m
o
to
r
d
r
iv
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
wo
f
iv
e
-
le
v
el
ANPC
h
a
lf
-
b
r
id
g
es
co
m
p
o
s
e
ea
ch
p
h
ase
o
f
th
is
in
v
er
ter
.
Sin
g
le
DC
-
lin
k
p
o
wer
s
all
th
e
p
h
ases
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
all
f
iv
e
le
v
els
o
f
th
e
ANPC
b
r
id
g
es
o
p
er
ate
at
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
f
o
r
th
e
s
er
ies
lin
k
ed
o
r
h
i
g
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
s
witch
es,
an
d
PS
-
PW
M
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
c
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
r
e
m
ain
in
g
s
witch
es.
B
y
ca
s
ca
d
in
g
o
f
f
iv
e
-
lev
el
ANPC
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
a
two
-
lev
el
l
eg
co
n
v
e
r
ter
,
th
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
n
o
v
el
eig
h
t
-
s
witch
n
in
e
-
lev
el
m
o
d
i
f
ied
ANPC
in
v
er
ter
(
8
S
-
9L
-
MA
NPC
)
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ANPC
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
a
n
d
r
ec
en
t
ANPC
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
u
s
es
eig
h
t
ac
tiv
e
s
em
i
co
n
d
u
ct
o
r
s
witch
es
in
s
tead
o
f
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
A
NPC
-
b
ased
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
th
er
eb
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
ize,
weig
h
t,
an
d
c
o
s
t.
T
h
e
FC
v
o
ltag
e
is
co
n
tr
o
lled
at
its
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
alu
e
u
s
in
g
a
s
tr
aig
h
t
f
o
r
war
d
s
witch
in
g
s
tate
r
ed
u
n
d
an
cy
-
b
ased
c
o
n
tr
o
l.
Sectio
n
2
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
a
b
r
ief
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
th
e
6
S
-
5L
-
ANPC
i
n
v
er
ter
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
b
a
s
is
f
o
r
d
esig
n
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
9
L
in
v
er
ter
.
Sectio
n
3
p
r
esen
ts
a
cir
cu
it
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
8
S
-
9L
-
MA
NPC
in
v
er
ter
,
a
to
p
o
lo
g
y
d
escr
ip
tio
n
,
an
d
a
m
o
d
u
latio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
FC
ca
p
ac
ito
r
'
s
s
elf
-
b
alan
cin
g
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
4
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
o
lo
g
y
is
test
ed
an
d
s
i
m
u
lated
to
ev
al
u
ate
its
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
ese
test
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
an
d
an
aly
z
ed
in
d
etail
.
T
o
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
h
o
w
well
it
c
an
o
v
e
r
co
m
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
d
r
aw
b
ac
k
s
o
f
r
ec
en
tly
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
n
i
n
e
-
lev
el
t
o
p
o
lo
g
ie
s
,
a
b
r
ie
f
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
an
aly
s
is
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
t
h
e
f
in
al
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
ap
e
r
,
an
d
ac
co
m
p
an
y
in
g
c
o
m
m
en
ts
an
d
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
ar
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
.
2.
SI
X
-
SW
I
T
CH
F
I
VE
-
L
E
V
E
L
ANP
C
I
N
VE
R
T
E
R
T
h
e
5
L
-
ANPC
in
v
er
ter
p
r
o
v
es
to
b
e
a
f
av
o
r
ab
le
o
p
tio
n
f
o
r
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
h
a
r
v
esti
n
g
o
win
g
to
its
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
d
esira
b
le
o
u
tp
u
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
[
1
7
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a
)
d
e
p
icts
th
e
s
ix
-
s
witch
f
iv
e
-
lev
el
ANPC
(
6
S
-
5
L
ANPC
)
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
T
o
g
en
e
r
ate
a
f
iv
e
-
lev
el
o
u
tp
u
t,
th
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
r
eq
u
ir
es
s
ix
ac
tiv
e
p
o
wer
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
s
witch
es (
S1
-
S6
)
an
d
two
d
is
cr
ete
d
io
d
es (
D7
,
D8
)
.
T
h
e
o
u
ter
s
witch
es (
S1
-
S4
)
f
u
n
ctio
n
at
th
e
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
in
n
er
s
witch
es
(
S5
,
S6
)
s
wi
tch
at
th
e
lin
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
.
Ad
d
it
io
n
ally
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
ath
way
s
in
v
o
lv
i
n
g
S5
an
d
S6
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
ast
r
ec
o
v
e
r
y
d
i
o
d
es,
p
er
m
itti
n
g
o
n
l
y
u
n
i
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w.
I
n
PV
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
is
in
p
h
ase
wit
h
th
e
g
r
id
v
o
ltag
e
is
ess
en
tial.
T
h
is
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t
en
ab
les
th
e
elim
in
atio
n
o
f
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
ea
ctiv
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
r
o
u
tes
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
6
S
-
5L
-
ANPC
in
v
er
ter
p
r
o
v
es
to
b
e
a
s
u
itab
le
ch
o
ice
f
o
r
PV
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
is
to
p
o
lo
g
y
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
u
s
ed
u
n
d
er
lo
w
p
o
wer
f
ac
t
o
r
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
to
m
a
k
e
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
m
o
r
e
f
lex
i
b
le,
esp
ec
ially
f
o
r
lo
a
d
s
with
a
lo
w
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
th
e
r
ep
lace
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
S5
an
d
S6
s
witch
es
in
th
e
6
S
-
5L
-
A
NPC
to
p
o
lo
g
y
with
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
s
witch
es a
s
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
2
4
:
223
4
-
2
2
4
2
2236
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
5
L
-
ANPC
in
v
er
ter
:
(
a)
6
S
-
5L
-
ANPC
in
v
er
ter
a
n
d
(
b
)
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
5L
-
ANPC
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
E
I
G
H
T
-
SW
I
T
CH
NINE
-
L
E
V
E
L
M
O
DIF
I
E
D
ANP
C
I
NVER
T
E
R
(
8
S
-
9L
-
M
ANP
C)
3
.
1
.
T
o
po
lo
g
ies
des
cr
iptio
n
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
8
S
-
9L
-
MA
NPC
in
v
er
ter
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
5
L
-
ANPC
in
v
er
ter
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
ca
s
ca
d
ed
with
a
2
L
leg
co
n
v
er
ter
.
I
n
th
is
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
,
i
n
s
tead
o
f
b
ein
g
lo
ca
ted
at
th
e
m
id
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
th
e
DC
lin
k
,
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
AC
ter
m
in
al
is
lo
ca
ted
at
th
e
m
id
p
o
in
t
o
f
th
e
2
L
co
n
v
er
ter
leg
.
T
h
e
s
witch
es
with
in
th
e
2
L
co
n
v
er
ter
leg
a
r
e
en
g
in
ee
r
ed
to
f
u
n
ctio
n
at
th
e
lin
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
em
p
lo
y
in
g
a
g
ate
tu
r
n
-
o
f
f
(
GT
O)
th
y
r
is
to
r
ca
n
b
e
a
v
iab
le
o
p
tio
n
f
o
r
d
esig
n
in
g
th
e
s
witch
es
in
th
e
2
L
co
n
v
er
te
r
leg
o
f
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
.
GT
O
th
y
r
is
to
r
s
ar
e
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
esig
n
ed
t
o
h
a
n
d
le
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
s
an
d
h
ig
h
-
p
o
we
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
m
ak
in
g
t
h
em
we
ll
-
s
u
ited
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
T
h
e
y
ca
n
ef
f
icien
tly
h
a
n
d
le
lo
w
-
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
p
er
atio
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
s
witch
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
5
L
-
ANPC
in
v
er
ter
g
e
n
er
ates
f
iv
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els
(
0
,
0
.
2
5
Vd
c
,
0
.
5
Vd
c,
-
0
.
2
5
Vd
c,
-
0
.
5
Vd
c
)
at
its
o
u
tp
u
t,
w
h
ich
a
r
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
es
with
in
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
.
T
o
f
u
r
th
e
r
ex
p
an
d
th
e
av
ailab
le
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els,
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
m
id
p
o
i
n
t
o
f
th
e
2
L
L
eg
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
is
ad
d
itio
n
e
n
ab
les
th
e
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
f
o
u
r
m
o
r
e
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els
(
0
.
7
5
Vd
c,
Vd
c,
-
0
.
7
5
Vd
c,
-
Vd
c
)
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
f
iv
e
lev
els.
B
y
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
th
i
s
m
id
p
o
in
t
o
f
th
e
2
L
L
eg
,
th
e
in
v
e
r
te
r
ca
n
n
o
w
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
to
tal
o
f
n
in
e
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els
at
its
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
ese
a
d
d
itio
n
al
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els
en
h
an
c
e
th
e
f
lex
i
b
ilit
y
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
is
e
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
ed
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sch
em
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
v
er
ter
3
.
2
.
O
pera
t
ing
p
rinciple
s
An
o
v
e
r
v
iew
o
f
th
e
s
witch
in
g
s
tates
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
8
S
-
9L
-
MA
NPC
in
v
er
ter
is
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
.
As ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
,
th
e
r
e
ar
e
f
o
u
r
p
air
s
of
s
witch
in
g
s
tates th
at
a
r
e
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t
r
esu
ltin
g
in
id
en
t
ical
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e:
-
States
V
31
+
an
d
V
32+
th
at
g
en
er
ate
3
V
dc
/4
;
S
1
S
5
D
5
D
6
S
6
S
2
S
3
S
4
C
fc
C
1
C
2
V
dc
+
L
f
L
O
A
D
i
o
v
o
v
fc
S
1
S
2
S
3
S
4
S
6
C
fc
C
1
C
2
V
dc
+
L
f
L
O
A
D
i
o
v
o
v
fc
S
5
S
1
S
2
S
3
S
4
S
5
S
6
C
fc
C
1
C
2
V
dc
+
L
f
L
O
A
D
i
o
v
o
v
fc
J
J
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
n
o
ve
l e
ig
h
t
-
s
w
itch
n
in
e
-
leve
l m
o
d
ified
A
N
P
C
in
ve
r
ter to
p
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
its
o
p
tima
l
…
(
A
d
n
a
n
e
E
l
-
A
la
mi
)
2237
-
States
V
11
+
an
d
V
12+
th
at
g
en
er
ate
V
dc
/4
;
-
States
V
31
-
an
d
V
32
-
th
at
g
en
er
a
te
-
3V
dc
/4
;
-
States
V
11
-
an
d
V
12
-
th
at
g
en
er
ate
-
V
dc
/4
.
B
y
u
tili
zin
g
th
ese
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
t
s
tates,
it’s
b
ec
o
m
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
f
ly
in
g
c
ap
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
to
a
co
n
s
tan
t
v
alu
e
o
f
V
dc
/4
.
T
h
e
s
witch
in
g
s
tates with
in
ea
ch
p
air
g
e
n
er
at
e
o
p
p
o
s
in
g
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
FC
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
b
alan
ce
d
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
s
3
(
a)
-
3
(
d
)
s
h
o
w
th
e
in
v
er
ter
s
ch
em
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
p
ath
f
o
r
s
tates:
V
31+
, V
32+
, V
1
1+
,
an
d
V
12+
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Switch
in
g
s
tates f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
v
er
ter
S
t
a
t
e
S
w
i
t
c
h
e
s
st
a
t
e
s
O
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
F
C
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
J
Vo
V
4+
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
V
dc
--
V
31+
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
3V
dc
/4
D
i
sch
a
r
g
i
n
g
V
32+
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
3V
dc
/4
C
h
a
r
g
i
n
V
2+
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
V
dc
/2
--
V
11+
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
V
dc
/4
C
h
a
r
g
i
n
V
12+
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
V
dc
/4
D
i
sch
a
r
g
i
n
g
V
0+
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
--
V
0
-
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
--
V
11
-
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
-
V
dc
/4
D
i
sch
a
r
g
i
n
g
V
12
-
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
-
V
dc
/4
C
h
a
r
g
i
n
V
2
-
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
-
V
dc
/2
--
V
31
-
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
-
3V
dc
/4
D
i
sch
a
r
g
i
n
g
V
32
-
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
-
3V
dc
/4
C
h
a
r
g
i
n
V
4
-
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
-
V
dc
--
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Switch
in
g
s
tates a
n
d
cu
r
r
en
t
p
ath
f
o
r
:
(
a)
V
11+
,
(
b
)
V
12+
,
(
c)
V
32+
,
an
d
(
d
)
V
31+
3
.
3
.
P
ro
po
s
ed
8S
-
9L
-
ANP
C
co
ntr
o
l
s
chem
e
Fig
u
r
e
4
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
em
e
f
o
r
th
e
8
S
-
9L
-
MA
NPC
in
v
er
ter
.
As
d
ep
i
cted
in
th
e
f
ig
u
r
e,
t
h
e
in
v
er
te
r
co
n
tr
o
l d
ia
g
r
am
co
m
p
r
is
es sev
er
al
v
ital c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
an
d
elem
e
n
ts
:
-
Pu
ls
e
wid
th
m
o
d
u
lato
r
:
g
e
n
er
ates
th
e
9
-
lev
el
wav
ef
o
r
m
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
a
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
s
in
u
s
o
i
d
al
s
ig
n
al
with
eig
h
t
tr
ian
g
le
ca
r
r
ie
r
s
with
id
en
tical
p
ea
k
-
to
-
p
ea
k
am
p
litu
d
e
s
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies.
T
h
e
eig
h
t
s
i
g
n
al
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
u
tp
u
ts
ar
e
th
e
n
s
u
m
m
ed
to
g
et
h
er
to
g
e
n
er
ate
th
e
9
L
s
tair
ca
s
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
al
V
r
-
anpc
.
-
L
ev
el
id
en
tifie
r
:
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
e
f
e
r
en
ce
s
ig
n
al
V
r
-
anpc
,
th
is
b
l
o
ck
is
ab
le
to
id
en
tif
y
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el
th
at
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
,
en
a
b
lin
g
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
witch
s
tates f
o
r
th
e
in
v
er
te
r
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
2
4
:
223
4
-
2
2
4
2
2238
-
Z
er
o
-
b
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
ar
at
o
r
:
wh
ich
ca
n
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
is
co
m
p
ar
ato
r
is
d
esig
n
ated
as
i
od
.
W
h
en
i
od
=
1
,
i
t
is
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
th
e
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
ws
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
AC
ter
m
in
al
(i
o
>
0
)
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
if
i
od
=
0
,
th
e
l
o
ad
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
f
lo
ws
in
t
o
t
h
e
AC
s
u
p
p
ly
ter
m
in
al
(
i
o
<
0
)
.
Dete
ctin
g
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
allo
ws
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
witch
in
g
s
tate
to
b
e
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
u
r
r
e
d
u
n
d
an
t
s
tates.
T
h
is
en
s
u
r
es th
e
s
elf
-
b
alan
cin
g
o
f
th
e
FC
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
-
H
y
s
t
e
r
es
is
c
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
o
r
:
i
n
t
h
is
s
c
h
e
m
e
,
t
h
e
FC
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
is
co
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
a
h
y
s
t
e
r
es
is
b
a
n
d
.
T
h
i
s
b
l
o
c
k
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
c
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
f
l
y
i
n
g
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
t
o
s
el
e
c
t
a
p
r
o
p
e
r
s
w
it
c
h
c
o
m
b
i
n
a
ti
o
n
e
a
c
h
ti
m
e
t
h
e
FC
v
o
l
ta
g
e
c
r
o
s
s
es
a
n
y
o
f
t
h
e
d
e
f
i
n
e
d
b
a
n
d
s
.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
FC
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
r
e
a
c
h
es
t
h
e
u
p
p
e
r
l
i
m
i
t
,
H
b
e
c
o
m
es
“
1
”,
a
n
d
v
i
c
e
v
e
r
s
a
.
-
C
o
n
tr
o
l
law:
T
h
e
s
witch
in
g
s
tates
d
ep
icted
in
T
ab
le
1
ar
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
u
s
in
g
a
s
cr
ip
t.
T
h
is
b
lo
ck
tak
es
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
t
h
r
ee
f
a
cto
r
s
:
th
e
d
esire
d
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els
to
b
e
g
en
e
r
ated
(
V
r
-
anpc
)
;
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
lo
ad
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(i
od
)
;
an
d
th
e
s
tate
o
f
th
e
f
ly
in
g
c
ap
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
(
H)
.
B
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
th
e
s
cr
ip
t
d
eter
m
in
es
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
witch
in
g
s
tates f
o
r
th
e
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t.
As
th
e
s
witch
in
g
s
tates
f
o
r
v
o
l
tag
e
lev
els
V
dc
an
d
V
dc
/2
a
r
e
n
o
t
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
t,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
s
e
lectin
g
th
e
s
witch
in
g
s
tate
is
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
w
ar
d
.
Ho
wev
er
,
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
o
th
er
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els,
th
e
in
v
o
l
v
em
en
t o
f
th
e
f
ly
in
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
.
Fo
r
th
i
s
,
th
e
s
tate
o
f
th
e
FC
v
o
ltag
e
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
ir
ec
tio
n
i
od
an
d
H
s
tate.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
wh
en
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is
V
dc
/4
,
i
od
=
1
,
an
d
H
=
0
,
th
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
FC
ca
p
ac
ito
r
is
d
is
ch
ar
g
ed
an
d
n
e
ed
s
to
b
e
ch
a
r
g
ed
;
i
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
elec
ts
th
e
s
witch
in
g
s
tate
V
11+
.
Similar
ly
,
wh
en
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is
V
dc
/4
,
i
od
=
1
,
a
n
d
H
=
1
,
th
e
s
witch
in
g
s
tate
V
12+
is
s
e
lecte
d
,
an
d
th
e
FC
v
o
ltag
e
s
tar
ts
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
b
alan
cin
g
o
f
t
h
e
FC
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
An
o
th
er
p
air
o
f
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t
s
tates,
V
0+
an
d
V
0
-
,
wh
ich
g
en
e
r
ate
0
V
in
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e,
is
u
s
ed
to
b
alan
ce
th
e
p
o
wer
lo
s
s
es in
th
e
in
v
e
r
ter
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
tr
o
l sch
em
e
o
f
8
S
-
9L
-
MA
NPC
in
v
er
ter
4.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
AND
DIS
CUSS
I
O
NS
Simu
latio
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
8
S
-
9L
-
MA
NPC
in
v
er
ter
ar
e
c
o
n
d
u
cte
d
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
.
An
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
v
er
ter
r
e
q
u
ir
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
is
g
iv
en
i
n
T
ab
le
2
.
I
n
itially
,
we
ass
es
s
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
u
ltil
ev
el
s
y
s
tem
an
d
v
alid
ate
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
in
m
ain
tain
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
b
alan
c
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
f
ly
in
g
ca
p
ac
ito
r
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Fr
o
m
t
o
p
t
o
b
o
tto
m
,
th
e
f
i
g
u
r
e
s
h
o
ws
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e,
t
h
e
two
DC
lin
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
es,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t,
an
d
th
e
FC
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a
)
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
n
ew
8
S
-
9L
-
MA
NPC
in
v
er
ter
to
g
e
n
er
ate
9
L
v
o
ltag
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
,
f
ac
ilit
ated
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
ch
em
e
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
two
DC
lin
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
v
ar
ies
ar
o
u
n
d
V
dc
/2
,
th
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
2
0
0
0
µF
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
lim
its
its
v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
les
with
in
2
.
5
%
F
ig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
in
v
e
r
ter
is
p
u
r
ely
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
F
ig
u
r
e
5
(
c)
;
a
d
d
itio
n
ally
,
we
ca
n
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
o
n
ac
h
iev
in
g
FC
v
o
ltag
e
b
alan
ce
ar
o
u
n
d
V
dc
/4
F
ig
u
r
e
5
(
d
)
;
v
o
ltag
e
r
ip
p
le
ca
n
b
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
ad
ju
s
tin
g
th
e
h
y
s
ter
esis
b
an
d
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
a
r
ato
r
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
cir
cu
it.
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
e
)
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
T
HD
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t,
wh
ich
is
2
.
6
3
%
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
we
test
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
i
n
v
er
ter
u
n
d
er
in
d
ex
m
o
d
u
latio
n
v
ar
iatio
n
;
th
e
aim
o
f
th
is
test
is
to
ev
alu
ate
its
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
an
d
ab
ilit
y
to
h
an
d
le
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
p
e
r
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
s
6
(
a)
-
6
(
d
)
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
as
th
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
d
e
x
v
ar
ies
f
r
o
m
0
.
5
to
0
.
9
,
b
o
th
th
e
FC
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
an
d
th
e
DC
lin
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
m
ain
tain
a
b
ala
n
ce
d
s
tate,
th
is
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
i
n
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
8S
-
9L
-
MA
NPC
in
v
er
ter
to
m
o
d
u
latio
n
i
n
d
ex
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
P
W
M
C
ompa
r
i
s
ons
-4
∑
P
ul
se
W
i
dt
h Modul
a
t
or
H
yst
e
r
e
si
s C
om
pr
a
t
or
Ze
r
o-
ba
nd
C
om
pa
r
a
t
or
L
e
ve
l
Ide
nt
i
fi
e
r
V
r
-an
pc
i
o
i
od
H
V
FC
+
-
Cont
rol
L
a
w
G
at
e
pul
s
e
s
v
o
*
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
n
o
ve
l e
ig
h
t
-
s
w
itch
n
in
e
-
leve
l m
o
d
ified
A
N
P
C
in
ve
r
ter to
p
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
its
o
p
tima
l
…
(
A
d
n
a
n
e
E
l
-
A
la
mi
)
2239
T
ab
le
2
.
Par
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
v
er
te
r
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
Lo
a
d
r
e
si
s
t
a
n
c
e
(
Ω
)
50
Lo
a
d
i
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
(
mH
)
10
F
C
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
(
µ
F
)
3
1
0
F
i
l
t
e
r
i
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
(
mH
)
10
D
C
l
i
n
k
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
V
d
c
(
V
)
4
0
0
D
C
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
a
n
c
e
(
µ
F
)
2
0
0
0
S
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
k
H
z
)
5
P
o
w
e
r
f
a
c
t
o
r
0
.
5
–
0
.
9
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
(
e)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
8
S
-
9L
-
MA
NPC
in
v
er
ter
:
(
a)
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
,
(
b
)
DC
-
lin
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
,
(
c)
o
u
t
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t
,
(
d
)
FC
v
o
lt
ag
e
,
an
d
(
e)
T
HD
o
f
o
u
t
p
u
t c
u
r
r
en
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
1
5
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
2
4
:
223
4
-
2
2
4
2
2240
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
.
6
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
u
n
d
er
in
d
ex
m
o
d
u
latio
n
v
ar
iati
o
n
:
(
a)
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
,
(
b
)
DC
-
lin
k
ca
p
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e
,
(
c)
o
u
t
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
,
a
n
d
(
d
)
FC
v
o
ltag
e
5.
CO
M
P
ARI
SO
N
ANA
L
YS
I
S
O
F
T
H
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
CO
N
VE
R
T
E
R
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
y
is
e
v
a
l
u
at
e
d
b
ase
d
o
n
a
c
o
m
p
ar
ati
v
e
s
tu
d
y
.
W
e
c
o
m
p
ar
e
o
u
r
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
t
o
s
i
m
il
ar
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
t
h
a
t
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
f
l
o
ati
n
g
/f
ly
in
g
c
ap
ac
it
o
r
s
a
k
i
n
t
o
t
h
o
s
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
i
n
ANPC
s
a
n
d
/
o
r
t
h
a
t
in
v
o
l
v
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
i
zi
n
g
b
etw
ee
n
t
wo
t
o
p
o
l
o
g
ies
,
s
i
m
il
ar
t
o
t
h
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
p
r
ese
n
t
ed
i
n
t
h
is
p
ap
e
r
.
I
n
T
a
b
le
3
,
we
s
u
m
m
a
r
iz
e
th
e
k
e
y
f
ea
t
u
r
es
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
o
p
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
its
c
o
u
n
te
r
p
a
r
ts
.
T
h
e
v
a
r
ia
b
l
es
t
h
at
a
r
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
a
r
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
h
i
g
h
-
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
s
wit
c
h
es
(
HF
S),
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
l
o
w
-
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
s
wi
tc
h
es
(
L
FS
)
,
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
f
l
y
i
n
g
/f
lo
ati
n
g
ca
p
ac
it
o
r
s
(
FC
)
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
DC
-
li
n
k
c
ap
ac
it
o
r
s
.
T
h
es
e
v
ar
ia
b
l
es
c
an
s
i
g
n
if
i
ca
n
t
ly
im
p
a
ct
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
c
o
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
in
v
er
t
e
r
.
Ho
we
v
e
r
,
i
n
c
r
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
witc
h
e
s
an
d
ca
p
a
cit
o
r
s
l
ea
d
s
t
o
h
i
g
h
er
c
o
s
ts
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
ad
d
it
io
n
al
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
,
s
u
c
h
as
ca
p
a
cit
o
r
s
a
n
d
ass
o
ciat
e
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
cir
c
u
it
r
y
.
B
y
s
e
lect
in
g
t
h
e
9
-
le
v
el
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
as
t
h
e
b
asis
o
f
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
,
it
c
an
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
T
ab
l
e
3
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
s
t
r
u
c
tu
r
e
h
as
th
e
f
e
west
s
witc
h
es
a
n
d
c
ap
ac
i
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
is
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
is
t
o
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
a
n
d
h
ig
h
l
ig
h
t
t
h
e
s
u
p
er
io
r
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
d
esi
g
n
i
n
te
r
m
s
o
f
r
e
d
u
ci
n
g
co
m
p
le
x
i
ty
a
n
d
o
p
t
im
i
zin
g
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
T
ab
le
3
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
8
S
-
9L
-
ANPC
in
v
er
ter
with
o
th
e
r
r
ec
en
t to
p
o
lo
g
ies
(
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
in
v
e
r
ter
)
M
LI
N
o
.
o
f
H
F
S
s
N
o
.
o
f
LFS
s
N
o
.
o
f
F
C
s
N
o
.
o
f
D
C
l
i
n
k
c
a
p
.
To
t
a
l
o
f
c
a
p
.
[
1
6
]
-
16
2
4
6
[
2
0
]
8
2
1
2
3
[
2
2
]
8
4
2
2
4
[
2
3
]
12
-
2
2
4
[
2
4
]
6
4
1
2
3
[
2
5
]
10
2
1
2
3
[
2
6
]
6
2
1
2
3
[
2
7
]
8
2
0
2
2
[
2
8
]
6
2
-
-
3
[
2
9
]
6
2
-
-
2
P
6
2
1
2
3
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Po
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E
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&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
n
o
ve
l e
ig
h
t
-
s
w
itch
n
in
e
-
leve
l m
o
d
ified
A
N
P
C
in
ve
r
ter to
p
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
its
o
p
tima
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…
(
A
d
n
a
n
e
E
l
-
A
la
mi
)
2241
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
p
a
p
er
,
a
n
o
v
el
eig
h
t
-
s
wi
tch
,
n
in
e
-
le
v
el
m
o
d
if
ied
ANP
C
in
v
er
ter
(
8
S
-
9L
-
MA
NPC
)
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
5
L
-
ANPC
in
v
er
ter
an
d
a
2
L
co
n
v
e
r
ter
leg
ar
e
co
m
b
in
e
d
to
d
ev
elo
p
th
is
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
er
e
is
o
n
ly
o
n
e
DC
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
eig
h
t
ac
tiv
e
s
em
ico
n
d
u
ct
o
r
s
witch
e
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
t
h
e
8
S
-
9L
-
MA
NPC
;
th
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
t
h
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ar
ts
r
esu
lts
in
a
s
m
aller
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
tem
s
i
ze
,
weig
h
t,
an
d
p
r
ice.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
u
s
in
g
f
ewe
r
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
s
im
p
lifie
s
th
e
d
esig
n
an
d
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
o
f
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
em
p
l
o
y
s
a
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
s
witch
in
g
s
tate
r
ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
-
b
ased
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
t
o
r
e
g
u
late
th
e
F
ly
in
g
C
ap
ac
ito
r
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
o
l stra
teg
y
g
u
ar
an
te
es th
at
th
e
FC
v
o
ltag
e
i
s
m
ain
t
ain
ed
at
its
r
ef
er
en
ce
v
alu
e,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
ef
f
icien
t
o
p
er
atio
n
an
d
s
tab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
.
Simu
lated
s
tu
d
ies
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
,
wh
ich
v
alid
ated
its
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
b
y
s
h
o
wca
s
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
's
ab
ilit
y
to
ad
ap
t
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
d
to
ch
an
g
es
in
in
d
e
x
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
s
tab
le
o
p
e
r
atio
n
,
ac
c
u
r
a
te
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
l
atio
n
,
an
d
e
f
f
icien
t
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
ac
r
o
s
s
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
in
d
ex
m
o
d
u
latio
n
v
ar
iati
o
n
s
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
W
e
g
r
atef
u
lly
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
b
y
“Un
i
v
er
s
ity
Hass
an
I
I
E
NSAM
C
asab
lan
ca
”
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
esear
ch
f
o
r
th
is
a
r
ticle
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
H
.
A
b
u
-
R
u
b
,
J
.
H
o
l
t
z
,
J.
R
o
d
r
i
g
u
e
z
,
a
n
d
G
e
B
a
o
m
i
n
g
,
“
M
e
d
i
u
m
-
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
M
u
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
C
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
—
S
t
a
t
e
o
f
t
h
e
A
r
t
,
C
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
,
a
n
d
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
me
n
t
s i
n
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s,”
I
EE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
st
r
i
a
l
El
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
7
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
2
5
8
1
–
2
5
9
6
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
1
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
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1
1
0
9
/
TI
E.
2
0
1
0
.
2
0
4
3
0
3
9
.
[
2
]
J.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
S
.
X
u
,
Z
.
D
i
n
,
a
n
d
X
.
H
u
,
“
H
y
b
r
i
d
m
u
l
t
i
l
e
v
e
l
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s:
To
p
o
l
o
g
i
e
s,
e
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
v
e
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s,”
E
n
e
rg
i
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
e
n
1
2
0
4
0
6
1
5
.
[
3
]
L.
B
e
n
-
B
r
a
h
i
m
,
“
A
d
i
sc
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
P
W
M
m
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
b
a
l
a
n
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
e
u
t
r
a
l
p
o
i
n
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
i
n
t
h
r
e
e
-
l
e
v
e
l
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
-
f
e
d
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
r
i
v
e
s,
”
I
EE
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
E
n
e
r
g
y
C
o
n
v
e
r
si
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
7
–
1
0
6
3
,
2
0
0
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TE
C
.
2
0
0
8
.
2
0
0
1
4
3
5
.
[
4
]
F
.
Z.
P
e
n
g
,
“
F
l
e
x
i
b
l
e
A
C
Tr
a
n
s
mi
ss
i
o
n
S
y
st
e
ms
(
F
A
C
TS)
a
n
d
R
e
s
i
l
i
e
n
t
A
C
D
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
S
y
st
e
ms
(
R
A
C
D
S
)
i
n
S
m
a
r
t
G
r
i
d
,
”
i
n
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
I
E
EE
,
2
0
1
7
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
5
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
2
0
9
9
–
2
1
1
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
JP
R
O
C
.
2
0
1
7
.
2
7
1
4
0
2
2
.
[
5
]
H
.
A
l
y
a
m
i
a
n
d
Y
.
M
o
h
a
me
d
,
“
R
e
v
i
e
w
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
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ss
a
n
II
ENS
AM
Ca
sa
b
lan
c
a
,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
a
d
n
a
n
e
.
e
lala
m
i
-
e
tu
@e
tu
.
u
n
iv
h
2
c
.
m
a
.
Ra
d
o
u
a
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e
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j
d
o
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l
wa
s
b
o
rn
in
M
e
k
n
e
s,
M
o
r
o
c
c
o
,
in
1
9
6
9
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
t
h
e
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n
g
i
n
e
e
r
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e
g
re
e
i
n
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e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
Hi
g
h
In
st
it
u
te
o
f
Tec
h
n
ica
l
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
(ENS
ET
)
o
f
Ra
b
a
t
i
n
1
9
9
1
.
In
1
9
9
7
,
h
e
su
c
c
e
ss
fu
ll
y
p
a
ss
e
d
th
e
e
x
t
e
rn
a
l
a
g
g
re
g
a
ti
o
n
c
o
n
tes
t
.
In
2
0
1
2
a
n
d
2
0
1
7
h
e
re
c
e
iv
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d
re
sp
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c
ti
v
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ly
th
e
M
.
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c
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d
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h
.
D
.
in
Au
t
o
m
a
ti
c
S
ig
n
a
l
P
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
d
I
n
d
u
strial
C
o
m
p
u
t
in
g
fro
m
HA
S
S
AN
1
st
Un
i
v
e
rsity
–
F
S
T
o
f
S
e
tt
a
t
M
o
ro
c
c
o
.
In
2
0
1
8
,
h
e
j
o
in
e
d
t
h
e
Ha
ss
a
n
2
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ca
sa
b
lan
c
a
,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
is
re
se
a
rc
h
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
i
n
Lab
o
ra
to
r
y
o
f
Co
m
p
l
e
x
Cy
b
e
r
P
h
y
sic
a
l
S
y
ste
m
s
a
t
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Hig
h
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
Arts
a
n
d
Cra
fts
E
NSAM
,
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
His
r
e
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
l
u
d
e
c
o
n
tro
l
stra
teg
ies
fo
r
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
m
u
lt
il
e
v
e
l
in
v
e
rters
,
P
V
sy
ste
m
s,
AC
m
a
c
h
in
e
d
riv
e
s,
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
,
sm
a
rt
g
rid
s,
a
n
d
p
o
we
r
to
X.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
r_
m
a
jd
o
u
l2
@
h
o
tma
il
.
c
o
m
.
Abd
e
lh
a
fi
d
Ait
E
lm
a
h
jo
u
b
is a
re
se
a
rc
h
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
i
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
t
ENS
AM
Ca
sa
b
lan
c
a
.
He
h
o
ld
s
a
d
o
c
t
o
ra
te
a
n
d
is
a
n
a
g
g
re
g
a
te
d
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
in
In
d
u
strial
Au
to
m
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
.
He
h
a
s
a
Un
iv
e
rsity
H
a
b
il
it
a
ti
o
n
i
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
is
t
h
e
h
e
a
d
o
f
th
e
re
se
a
rc
h
tea
m
fo
c
u
se
d
o
n
s
m
a
rt
c
o
n
tro
l
,
d
iag
n
o
stics
,
a
n
d
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
.
He
is
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
t
h
e
j
u
ry
fo
r
t
h
e
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
m
p
e
ti
ti
o
n
o
f
Ag
g
re
g
a
ti
o
n
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
e
rv
e
s
a
s
th
e
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
to
r
f
o
r
th
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
in
tell
ig
e
n
t
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
sy
ste
m
s.
Ad
d
it
i
o
n
a
ll
y
,
h
e
c
o
o
r
d
in
a
tes
a
p
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
d
e
g
re
e
in
In
d
u
strial
Au
to
m
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
El
e
c
tr
ica
l
S
y
ste
m
s.
His
field
o
f
re
se
a
rc
h
in
c
lu
d
e
s
th
e
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
p
o
we
r
c
o
n
v
e
rters
,
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
ies
,
a
n
d
i
n
telli
g
e
n
t
s
y
ste
m
s.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
a
it
e
lma
h
jo
u
b
@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
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