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3
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1
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26
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LMD
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CC B
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SA
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C
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p
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A
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r
:
Sar
ith
a
Ma
r
k
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Dep
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tm
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t o
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E
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an
d
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g
in
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An
n
am
alai
Un
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s
ity
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Nag
ar
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I
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d
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ail:
s
ar
ith
a.
n
ag
asai@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
g
lo
b
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in
th
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tem
ar
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ested
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ch
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s
with
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e
h
elp
o
f
t
h
e
in
tellig
en
t
to
o
ls
[1
].
T
h
e
i
n
ter
m
itten
t
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
r
e
n
ewa
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th
e
v
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n
d
p
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s
u
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m
in
im
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b
y
f
le
x
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le
AC
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
s
(
FA
C
T
S
)
.
Desig
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p
r
o
tectio
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alg
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it
h
m
s
in
s
u
ch
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lex
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k
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em
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S
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r
en
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le
in
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r
ated
p
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wer
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
2
]
-
[
1
5
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
th
e
o
p
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n
a
l
ch
allen
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ate
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n
o
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tio
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s
.
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x
is
tin
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p
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s
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em
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co
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lly
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a
n
d
le
s
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m
p
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x
ities
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cu
r
r
en
t
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o
n
p
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r
ith
m
s
f
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t
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s
u
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f
icien
t,
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ev
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alin
g
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ig
n
if
ican
t
g
ap
s
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liter
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r
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av
ailab
le
i
n
[
5
]
-
[
2
3
]
.
T
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er
ef
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r
e,
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
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p
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it
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s
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tiv
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d
r
ess
t
h
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p
lex
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is
n
ec
ess
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y
.
T
h
is
in
v
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lv
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lev
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ag
in
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in
tellig
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s
in
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an
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f
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f
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,
an
d
s
y
s
tem
r
ec
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p
r
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s
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
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J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
LMD
-
b
a
s
ed
fa
u
lt d
etec
tio
n
s
c
h
eme
fo
r
TC
S
C
co
mp
en
s
a
ted
w
in
d
in
teg
r
a
ted
…
(
S
a
r
ith
a
Ma
r
ke
t
)
27
I
n
g
en
er
al,
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
r
elay
s
ar
e
p
o
p
u
lar
t
o
p
r
o
tect
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
t
h
ey
ar
e
n
o
t
r
eliab
le
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
d
e
r
n
s
y
s
tem
s
in
teg
r
ated
with
b
o
th
W
Fs
an
d
FAC
T
d
ev
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d
u
e
to
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
v
ar
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n
s
in
win
d
s
p
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d
,
p
o
wer
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d
lev
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f
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m
p
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etc.
I
n
th
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tex
t,
a
d
ap
tiv
e
d
is
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ela
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ar
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p
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o
p
o
s
ed
in
ex
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g
r
esear
c
h
s
tu
d
ies
[
2
]
.
D
u
b
ey
et
a
l.
[
2
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
a
d
ap
tiv
e
d
is
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ce
s
ch
em
e
to
e
n
h
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th
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p
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f
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m
a
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o
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n
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
d
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r
in
g
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ig
h
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esis
tan
ce
f
au
lts
.
T
h
e
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esear
ch
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aly
tically
ex
am
in
es
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
FAC
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u
ch
as
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tatic
s
y
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ch
r
o
n
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s
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(
ST
AT
C
OM
)
an
d
s
tatic
VAR
co
m
p
en
s
ato
r
(
SVC
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,
wh
en
in
teg
r
ated
with
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f
f
s
h
o
r
e
win
d
f
ar
m
s
o
n
d
is
tan
ce
r
elay
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
,
v
e
r
if
ied
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
im
u
latio
n
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in
d
icate
th
at
th
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n
d
e
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e
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with
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tem
s
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wh
ich
also
alter
th
e
lin
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ch
ar
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ter
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s
ee
n
b
y
th
e
r
elay
ev
e
n
in
b
o
lted
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lts
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Fu
r
th
er
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o
r
e,
ad
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ip
p
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g
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ar
ac
ter
is
tics
f
o
r
h
ig
h
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esis
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ce
lin
e
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to
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r
o
u
n
d
f
au
lts
with
s
h
u
n
t
-
FAC
T
S
d
ev
ices
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
v
a
r
y
in
g
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
ed
in
[
2
]
.
Mo
h
a
m
ed
et
a
l.
[
3
]
,
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
r
elay
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
en
h
an
ce
d
with
ad
a
p
tiv
e
s
et
tin
g
s
in
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
T
C
SC
.
An
o
th
er
m
eth
o
d
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
4
]
f
o
r
th
e
W
F
in
teg
r
ated
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es
in
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
T
C
SC
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
wo
r
k
p
r
esen
ted
in
[
4
]
,
an
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
e
n
h
an
ci
n
g
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
lo
ca
tio
n
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
in
T
C
SC
co
m
p
en
s
ated
lin
es
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
win
d
f
ar
m
s
,
u
tili
zin
g
f
ast
d
is
cr
ete
s
-
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
FDST)
b
ased
o
n
tr
av
ellin
g
wav
es.
T
h
e
m
o
d
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
cu
r
r
en
ts
at
ea
ch
ter
m
in
al
u
s
in
g
FDST
to
ac
cu
r
ately
d
etec
t
th
e
ar
r
iv
al
tim
e
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t
tr
av
el
lin
g
wav
e
g
en
e
r
ated
b
y
a
f
a
u
lt.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
i
d
en
tifie
s
th
e
f
au
lted
s
ec
tio
n
b
y
d
etec
tin
g
th
e
ter
m
in
al
with
t
h
e
f
astes
t
wav
e
ar
r
iv
al
tim
e
an
d
esti
m
ates
th
e
f
au
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
u
s
in
g
a
s
u
itab
l
e
d
is
tan
ce
in
d
ex
.
R
ec
en
tly
,
t
r
an
s
ien
t
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
in
d
ex
(
T
MI
)
b
ased
im
p
r
o
v
ed
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
ch
em
e
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
5
]
t
o
ac
h
ie
v
e
1
0
0
%
r
eliab
le
m
etr
ices.
T
h
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
r
elati
o
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
p
o
wer
a
n
d
s
p
ee
d
o
f
win
d
m
ills
,
co
n
tr
o
l
lo
g
ics
o
f
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ic
-
b
ased
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
i
n
ter
f
ac
in
g
with
DF
I
G
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
g
en
e
r
ato
r
s
,
a
n
d
th
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
o
p
e
r
atio
n
o
f
T
C
SC
d
u
r
in
g
f
au
lts
ad
v
er
s
ely
a
f
f
ec
t
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
d
is
tan
ce
r
elay
in
g
-
b
ased
lin
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
ch
em
es.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
d
er
iv
e
s
a
f
ea
tu
r
e
ca
lled
T
MI
f
r
o
m
t
h
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
ts
r
ec
eiv
ed
at
th
e
r
elay
lo
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
d
iag
n
o
s
is
o
f
f
au
lt
is
s
u
es
an
d
em
p
lo
y
s
a
T
MI
-
ass
is
ted
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
v
ec
to
r
m
ac
h
in
e
f
o
r
f
a
u
lt
class
if
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
is
v
alid
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
ar
i
o
u
s
f
au
lt
an
d
n
o
n
-
f
au
lt
tr
a
n
s
ien
ts
.
Mo
h
an
ty
et
a
l.
[
6
]
,
t
im
e
-
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
an
aly
s
is
-
b
ased
in
tr
i
n
s
ic
tim
e
s
ca
le
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
(
I
T
D)
m
eth
o
d
is
u
s
ed
t
o
d
et
ec
t
th
e
f
au
lty
p
h
ase
in
W
F
in
teg
r
ated
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es.
Ku
m
ar
et
a
l.
[
7
]
,
em
p
ir
ical
m
o
d
e
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
(
E
MD
)
is
u
s
ed
to
d
etec
t
th
e
f
au
lts
.
Ov
er
all,
s
ev
er
al
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
wer
e
ex
ten
s
iv
ely
ap
p
lied
to
d
etec
t
v
ar
io
u
s
f
a
u
lts
in
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es
in
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
W
Fs
.
R
ec
en
tly
,
a
d
etailed
r
e
v
iew
is
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
Pra
s
ad
et
a
l.
[
8
]
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
d
i
s
tan
ce
,
d
if
f
er
en
tial,
in
tellig
en
t r
elay
s
ch
em
es in
W
F in
teg
r
ated
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
.
Ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
r
elay
s
,
d
if
f
er
en
tial
r
elay
s
ar
e
s
o
p
o
p
u
lar
d
u
e
to
th
ei
r
m
er
its
o
v
er
d
is
tan
ce
r
elay
s
.
Sev
er
al
n
ew
d
if
f
er
en
ti
al
p
r
o
tectio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
av
ailab
le
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
p
ar
ti
cu
lar
ly
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
th
e
wi
n
d
in
teg
r
ated
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
lin
es
[
9
]
.
Ov
er
cu
r
r
en
t
r
ela
y
s
with
ad
ap
tiv
e
a
n
d
o
p
tim
al
s
ettin
g
co
n
ce
p
ts
ar
e
also
s
u
g
g
ested
in
th
e
ea
r
lier
wo
r
k
s
to
p
r
o
tect
th
e
W
F
co
n
n
ec
ted
lin
es
[
1
0
]
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
th
e
in
tellig
en
t
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
ab
ilit
i
es
o
f
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
,
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial
an
d
o
v
e
r
cu
r
r
en
t
r
elay
l
o
g
ics
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
attr
i
b
u
tes
o
f
s
u
c
h
s
ch
em
es
[
8
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le
,
an
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
ettin
g
co
n
ce
p
t
is
a
d
o
p
te
d
in
[
1
2
]
t
o
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
tial
p
r
o
tectio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
All
th
ese
af
o
r
em
en
tio
n
ed
wo
r
k
s
ar
e
s
t
u
d
ied
o
n
th
e
W
F
in
teg
r
ated
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es
wi
th
o
r
wit
h
o
u
t
T
C
SC
.
Oth
er
FAC
T
d
ev
ices
l
ik
e
UPF
C
[
1
3
]
,
STAT
C
OM
[
1
4
]
,
an
d
SVC
[
2
]
ar
e
also
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
ese
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
r
ec
en
t w
o
r
k
s
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
d
o
n
m
o
d
if
ied
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
ch
em
es in
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
b
o
th
win
d
an
d
FAC
T
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
ated
co
m
p
lex
ities
[
1
6
]
-
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
ese
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
ch
em
es
f
o
r
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
alo
n
g
with
FAC
T
d
ev
ices.
W
an
g
et
a
l.
[
1
6
]
,
an
ad
ap
tiv
e
au
to
-
r
ec
lo
s
in
g
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
win
d
f
ar
m
s
an
d
STAT
C
OM
ass
is
t
ed
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
is
p
r
esen
t
ed
f
o
r
ac
tiv
e
f
a
u
lt
d
etec
tio
n
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
y
s
tem
r
eliab
ilit
y
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
u
n
ce
r
tain
ties
o
f
th
e
eq
u
ip
m
en
t.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
MO
V
-
p
r
o
tecte
d
s
er
ies
co
m
p
e
n
s
ato
r
s
wit
h
win
d
p
o
wer
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
f
au
lt
m
itig
atio
n
to
e
n
h
an
ce
s
tab
ilit
y
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
[
1
7
]
.
Ker
am
at
an
d
Faza
e
li
[
1
8
]
,
a
n
a
d
ap
tiv
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
m
et
h
o
d
u
s
in
g
PMU
d
ata
f
o
r
co
m
p
en
s
ated
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es
with
h
ig
h
win
d
en
er
g
y
p
en
etr
atio
n
,
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
s
y
s
tem
ad
ju
s
t
m
en
ts
is
s
u
g
g
ested
.
C
o
s
ta
[
1
9
]
,
p
r
esen
ted
a
m
et
h
o
d
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
tr
a
n
s
ien
t
d
etec
tio
n
u
s
in
g
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
w
av
elet
co
ef
f
icien
ts
,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
f
au
lt
is
o
latio
n
an
d
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
tectio
n
.
A
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial
p
r
o
tectio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
win
d
f
ar
m
s
,
f
o
c
u
s
in
g
o
n
ac
cu
r
ate
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
is
o
latio
n
i
s
av
ailab
le
in
[
2
0
]
an
d
o
th
e
r
r
elate
d
wo
r
k
s
in
[
2
1
]
-
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
b
u
r
d
en
s
o
f
t
h
ese
af
o
r
em
e
n
tio
n
ed
s
ch
em
es
ar
e
f
u
r
th
e
r
r
ed
u
ce
d
with
alter
n
ativ
e
alg
o
r
i
th
m
s
wh
ich
ar
e
s
im
p
le
in
n
atu
r
e.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
an
in
te
g
r
ated
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
d
etec
t
th
e
f
au
lt,
to
id
en
tif
y
th
e
f
a
u
lty
l
in
e
an
d
to
class
if
y
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
f
au
lt
f
r
o
m
th
e
L
MD
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
th
e
l
in
e
cu
r
r
en
ts
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
L
MD
o
f
r
esid
u
al
cu
r
r
en
t
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
is
also
u
s
e
d
as
o
n
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
to
id
en
tif
y
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
v
o
lv
e
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
f
au
lt.
T
h
is
f
ea
tu
r
e
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
d
ep
en
d
ab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
r
em
o
te
en
d
f
au
lts
,
h
ig
h
r
esis
tiv
e
f
au
lts
,
an
d
h
ig
h
im
p
ed
an
ce
ar
cin
g
f
a
u
lts
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
is
s
i
m
p
le
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
in
n
atu
r
e,
p
r
o
d
u
ce
f
ast
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
class
if
icatio
n
o
u
tp
u
ts
d
u
r
i
n
g
all
th
e
f
au
lts
.
T
h
e
d
etail
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
alo
n
g
with
th
e
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
s
im
u
latio
n
s
tu
d
ies to
s
h
o
w
th
e
m
er
its
o
f
th
e
alg
o
r
i
th
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
7
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
2
5
:
26
-
34
28
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
te
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
c
u
r
r
en
t
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
is
u
s
ef
u
l
t
o
d
etec
t
a
n
d
d
is
cr
im
in
ate
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
ev
e
n
ts
in
th
e
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
o
e
x
tr
ac
t
s
u
ch
u
s
ef
u
l
f
ea
t
u
r
es
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
aw
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
,
s
ev
er
al
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
u
ch
as
d
is
cr
ete
Fo
u
r
ie
r
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
DFT)
,
wav
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
W
T
)
,
an
d
em
p
ir
ical
m
o
d
e
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
(
E
MD
)
ar
e
p
r
ef
er
r
e
d
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
L
MD
is
o
p
ted
to
ex
t
r
ac
t
th
e
am
p
litu
d
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
.
L
MD
is
a
tim
e
-
b
ased
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
e
n
h
an
ce
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
als
u
s
ef
u
l
to
d
etec
t
th
e
e
v
en
ts
a
n
d
d
is
cr
im
in
ate
t
h
e
ab
n
o
r
m
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
m
th
e
s
ig
n
al
an
aly
s
is
[
2
4
]
.
I
n
p
ar
tic
u
lar
,
th
e
tim
e
-
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
we
r
s
y
s
tem
s
ig
n
al
with
wea
k
f
au
lt
f
ea
tu
r
es
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
letely
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
L
MD
.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
s
ig
n
al,
(
)
is
d
i
v
id
ed
in
to
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ct
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
(
PF
s
)
an
d
o
n
e
r
esid
u
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
(
)
to
g
eth
er
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
f
u
n
ctio
n
as sh
o
wn
in
(
1
)
[
2
5
]
.
(
)
=
∑
(
)
=
1
+
(
)
(
1
)
L
ik
e
E
MD
,
th
e
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
L
MD
w
o
r
k
s
b
ased
o
n
f
in
d
in
g
th
e
lo
c
al
m
ax
im
a
an
d
/o
r
m
i
n
im
a
o
f
th
e
g
iv
en
s
ig
n
al
(
)
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
lo
ca
l
m
ea
n
an
d
esti
m
ate
th
e
f
ir
s
t
PF
u
s
in
g
m
o
v
in
g
av
er
ag
e
f
ilter
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
s
ter
m
in
ated
o
n
ce
a
m
o
n
o
to
n
ic
s
ig
n
al
ap
p
ea
r
e
d
af
ter
th
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
o
f
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
PF
s
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
e
a
v
ailab
le
PF
s
,
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
PF
is
n
ee
d
ed
t
o
ex
t
r
ac
t
th
e
wea
k
f
au
lt
f
ea
tu
r
es
[
1
8
]
.
As
th
e
f
au
lt
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
is
lar
g
e
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
n
o
r
m
al
p
r
e
-
f
au
lt
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
PF
is
p
r
ef
er
ab
le
to
d
etec
t
th
e
f
au
lts
in
th
e
lin
e
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
W
Fs
u
s
in
g
th
e
(
2
)
.
1
ℎ
(
)
>
(
2
)
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
c
u
m
u
lativ
e
s
u
m
(
C
USUM)
is
ad
o
p
ted
o
n
PF
1
o
f
th
r
ee
p
h
ases
p
r
o
v
id
e
3
C
USUM
in
d
ices
to
d
etec
t
th
e
f
au
lts
an
d
f
au
lty
p
h
ase
in
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e.
T
h
e
C
US
UM
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
(
3
)
.
(
)
=
(
−
1
)
+
ma
x
(
1
(
)
−
,
0
)
(
3
)
W
h
en
th
e
C
US
UM
in
d
ex
e
x
ce
ed
s
0
,
th
e
f
au
lts
ar
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
,
an
d
f
au
lty
p
h
ase
is
id
en
tifie
d
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
f
au
lts
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
v
o
lv
e
m
en
t is ev
alu
ated
with
th
e
h
el
p
o
f
r
esid
u
al
cu
r
r
en
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
t u
s
in
g
t
h
e
(
4
)
.
(
)
=
(
)
+
(
)
+
(
)
(
4
)
Fo
r
A
-
g
,
A
-
B
,
A
-
C
,
A
-
B
-
g
,
A
-
C
-
g
,
an
d
A
-
B
-
C
,
th
e
in
d
ex
e
x
ce
ed
s
0
a
f
ter
f
ew
m
illi
s
ec
o
n
d
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
in
itiatio
n
.
Fo
r
B
-
g
,
A
-
B
,
B
-
C
,
A
-
B
-
g
,
B
-
C
-
g
an
d
A
-
B
-
C
,
th
e
in
d
ex
ex
ce
e
d
s
0
af
te
r
f
ew
m
illi
s
ec
o
n
d
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
au
lt
in
itiatio
n
.
Fo
r
C
-
g
,
B
-
C
,
A
-
C
,
B
-
C
-
g
,
A
-
C
-
g
,
an
d
A
-
B
-
C
,
th
e
in
d
ex
ex
ce
ed
s
0
af
ter
f
ew
m
illi
s
ec
o
n
d
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
au
lt
in
itiatio
n
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
t
h
e
in
d
ices
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
p
h
ase
-
A
an
d
p
h
ase
-
B
ex
ce
ed
th
e
0
v
a
lu
e
in
ca
s
e
o
f
A
-
B
an
d
A
-
B
-
g
f
au
lts
.
T
o
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
th
ese
two
s
im
ilar
f
au
lts
,
th
e
r
esid
u
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
t h
elp
s
wh
ich
ex
ce
ed
s
th
e
th
r
esh
o
l
d
f
o
r
A
-
B
-
g
f
au
lt o
n
l
y
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
lo
g
ic
d
etec
ts
all
ty
p
es
o
f
th
e
f
au
lts
an
d
class
if
ies
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
f
a
u
lt
ir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
lo
ca
tio
n
,
r
esis
tan
ce
an
d
i
n
ce
p
t
io
n
tim
e
.
T
h
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
t
h
e
p
ap
e
r
is
s
im
p
le
a
n
d
C
USUM
in
d
ices
ex
ce
ed
s
ze
r
o
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
an
d
all
ty
p
es
o
f
t
h
e
f
au
lts
ar
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
C
USUM
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
f
au
lts
is
d
ir
ec
tly
e
x
am
i
n
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
r
esid
u
a
l
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
th
e
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
cu
r
r
e
n
t d
ata
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.1
.
T
est
s
y
s
t
em
T
o
ch
ec
k
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
etec
tio
n
a
n
d
class
if
icatio
n
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
,
a
test
s
y
s
tem
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
is
s
im
u
lated
in
MA
T
L
A
B
/S
im
u
lin
k
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
o
f
3
2
0
k
m
co
n
n
ec
ts
th
e
lar
g
e
W
F
to
g
r
id
v
ia
p
r
o
p
er
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els.
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
W
F
is
6
0
M
W
.
T
h
e
g
r
id
s
id
e
v
o
ltag
e
is
5
0
0
k
V.
T
h
e
win
d
s
id
e
v
o
ltag
e
is
s
tep
u
p
to
5
0
0
k
V
f
r
o
m
5
7
5
V
u
s
in
g
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
d
etails
o
f
th
e
test
s
y
s
tem
ar
e
a
v
ailab
le
in
[
7
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
T
C
SC
is
p
lace
d
i
n
th
e
lin
e
to
e
n
h
an
ce
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
7
5
%
co
m
p
e
n
s
atio
n
is
f
ix
e
d
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
u
n
it
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
b
et
wee
n
th
e
b
u
s
es
G,
W
an
d
th
e
r
elay
is
p
lace
d
at
G.
T
h
e
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
ts
an
d
v
o
ltag
es
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
lta
g
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
at
b
u
s
G
wh
ich
is
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
g
r
id
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
d
esig
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
tectio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
I
n
s
tead
o
f
b
o
th
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
,
o
n
l
y
cu
r
r
en
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
LMD
-
b
a
s
ed
fa
u
lt d
etec
tio
n
s
c
h
eme
fo
r
TC
S
C
co
mp
en
s
a
ted
w
in
d
in
teg
r
a
ted
…
(
S
a
r
ith
a
Ma
r
ke
t
)
29
ar
e
u
s
ed
in
th
is
wo
r
k
ar
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
L
MD
to
ex
tr
ac
t
th
e
am
p
litu
d
e
f
ea
tu
r
es.
C
USUM
in
d
ices
ar
e
co
m
p
u
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
am
p
litu
d
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
f
au
lts
ar
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sin
g
le
lin
e
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
th
e
test
s
y
s
tem
[
7
]
3
.2
.
Sim
ula
t
i
o
n
r
esu
lt
s
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
ass
ess
ed
with
v
ar
iety
o
f
s
im
u
latio
n
s
tu
d
ies
b
y
v
ar
y
in
g
th
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
f
au
l
ts
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
ies
in
clu
d
e
v
ar
io
u
s
ty
p
es
o
f
f
au
lts
s
u
ch
as
lin
e
-
to
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
lin
e
-
to
-
lin
e,
lin
e
-
to
-
lin
e
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
a
n
d
tr
ip
le
lin
e
f
au
lts
s
im
u
lat
ed
at
d
if
f
er
en
t f
au
lt o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
e
f
au
lt,
f
au
lt
r
esis
tan
ce
,
g
r
o
u
n
d
r
esis
tan
ce
,
in
ce
p
tio
n
an
g
le
o
f
th
e
f
au
lt.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
in
ter
m
itten
t
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
win
d
s
y
s
tem
is
i
n
v
esti
g
ated
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
p
r
o
tectio
n
lo
g
ic.
Oth
er
ca
s
es
lik
e
r
em
o
te
e
n
d
f
au
lt,
h
ig
h
r
esis
tiv
e
f
au
lt,
an
d
h
ig
h
im
p
e
d
an
ce
ar
ci
n
g
f
a
u
lt a
r
e
also
s
im
u
lated
o
n
th
e
test
s
y
s
tem
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
th
e
m
eth
o
d
.
3
.
2
.
1
.
Dif
f
er
ent
t
y
pes
o
f
f
a
ult
s
T
h
e
lin
e
-
to
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
f
au
lts
f
r
e
q
u
en
tly
o
cc
u
r
r
e
d
in
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
an
d
th
er
e
f
o
r
e,
th
e
lo
g
ic
is
test
ed
o
n
th
e
A
-
g
,
B
-
g
an
d
C
-
g
f
au
lts
to
v
alid
ate
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Fo
r
A
-
g
f
au
lt,
1
0
0
k
m
is
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
e
f
au
lt
with
f
au
lt
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
2
0
Ω
.
Fo
r
B
-
g
f
a
u
lt,
1
8
0
k
m
i
s
th
e
f
au
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
f
a
u
lt
r
esis
tan
ce
is
1
0
Ω
.
Fo
r
C
-
g
f
au
lt,
7
0
k
m
is
th
e
f
au
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
4
0
Ω
is
th
e
f
au
lt
r
esis
tan
ce
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
alo
n
g
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
au
lt
d
etec
to
r
in
d
ices
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fr
o
m
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
lo
g
ic,
it
is
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
t
h
at
th
e
f
a
u
lts
ar
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
with
in
o
n
e
f
u
ll
c
y
cle
an
d
p
h
ase
s
elec
tio
n
is
also
p
o
s
s
ib
le
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
o
f
th
e
C
USUM
in
d
ica
to
r
s
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a
)
,
t
h
e
C
USUM
a
ex
ce
ed
s
ze
r
o
af
ter
f
a
u
lt
i
n
ce
p
tio
n
a
n
d
r
est
o
f
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
ar
e
z
er
o
.
T
h
is
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
is
r
ep
ea
ted
with
o
t
h
e
r
in
d
icato
r
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ty
p
es
o
f
th
e
f
au
lt
s
h
o
w
th
e
ad
ap
ta
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
lo
g
ic
f
o
r
f
au
lt
class
if
icatio
n
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
o
f
th
e
s
ch
e
m
e
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
f
o
r
th
e
B
-
g
f
au
lt
an
d
f
o
r
C
-
g
f
a
u
lt,
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
(
c
)
.
Du
e
to
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
in
lin
e
-
to
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
f
a
u
lts
,
th
e
r
esid
u
al
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t a
ls
o
ex
ce
ed
s
th
e
p
r
eset th
r
esh
o
ld
an
d
h
elp
s
to
class
if
y
th
e
f
a
u
lts
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
R
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
ch
e
m
e
alo
n
g
with
t
h
e
in
p
u
t m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
f
o
r
; (
a
)
A
-
g
,
(
b
)
B
-
g
,
an
d
(
c
)
C
-
g
f
au
lts
T
h
is
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
is
f
u
r
th
er
e
x
ten
d
ed
to
A
-
B
,
B
-
C
-
g
an
d
A
-
B
-
C
f
au
lts
an
d
th
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
p
lo
tted
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Fo
r
A
-
B
f
au
lt,
2
0
0
k
m
is
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
e
f
au
lt
with
f
au
lt
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
1
Ω
.
Fo
r
B
-
C
-
g
f
au
lt,
1
3
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
7
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
2
5
:
26
-
34
30
k
m
is
th
e
f
au
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
f
a
u
lt
r
esis
tan
ce
is
5
Ω
.
Fo
r
A
-
B
-
C
-
g
f
au
lt,
1
6
0
k
m
is
th
e
f
au
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
8
Ω
is
th
e
f
au
lt
r
esis
tan
ce
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
A
-
B
,
B
-
C
-
g
,
an
d
A
-
B
-
C
-
g
f
au
lts
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a
)
,
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
),
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
c
)
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
I
r
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
o
f
ty
p
es
o
f
f
au
lts
an
d
th
eir
d
iv
er
s
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
th
e
s
ch
em
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
f
ast d
etec
tio
n
an
d
class
if
icatio
n
o
u
tco
m
es with
1
0
0
% a
cc
u
r
ac
y
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
ch
e
m
e
alo
n
g
with
t
h
e
in
p
u
t m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
f
o
r
;
(
a
)
A
-
B
,
(
b
)
B
-
C
-
g
,
an
d
(
c
)
A
-
B
-
C
-
g
f
au
lts
3
.
2
.
2
.
Rem
o
t
e
end f
a
ults
T
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
d
is
tan
ce
r
elay
s
p
lace
d
at
G
ar
e
f
ailed
to
d
etec
t
th
e
f
au
lts
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
b
e
y
o
n
d
th
e
8
0
%
o
f
th
e
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
lin
e
ar
e
c
ateg
o
r
ized
as
r
em
o
te
en
d
f
au
lt
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
lo
g
ic
s
u
g
g
es
ted
in
th
is
p
ap
er
is
test
ed
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
iety
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
m
o
te
en
d
f
a
u
lts
b
y
v
a
r
y
in
g
t
h
e
ty
p
e
o
f
f
au
lt,
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
f
au
lt,
in
ce
p
tio
n
tim
e
o
f
th
e
f
au
lt
an
d
f
au
lt
r
esis
tan
ce
.
I
n
itially
B
-
g
f
a
u
lt
is
s
im
u
late
d
in
th
e
test
s
y
s
tem
with
f
au
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
,
in
ce
p
tio
n
an
d
r
esis
tan
c
e
o
f
2
7
5
k
m
,
0
.
4
2
s
ec
,
an
d
1
0
Ω
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
L
a
ter
th
e
f
au
lt ty
p
e
is
ch
an
g
ed
t
o
A
-
C
an
d
A
-
B
-
C
-
g
with
s
am
e
f
au
lt
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
o
f
th
e
s
ch
em
e
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
r
em
o
te
en
d
B
-
g
,
A
-
C
,
an
d
A
-
B
-
C
-
g
f
au
lts
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a
)
,
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
),
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
c
)
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
wo
cr
itic
al
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
ar
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
a
f
ter
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
tu
d
ies
o
f
th
e
af
o
r
em
e
n
tio
n
ed
ca
s
es.
First,
th
e
d
ep
en
d
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
ch
em
e
is
ex
tr
em
ely
g
o
o
d
f
o
r
th
e
r
em
o
t
e
en
d
f
au
lts
an
d
t
h
e
class
if
icatio
n
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
th
e
m
eth
o
d
ar
e
also
ac
ce
p
tab
le.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
lo
g
ic
is
well
s
u
ited
to
d
etec
t th
e
ty
p
i
ca
l f
au
lts
alo
n
g
with
th
e
r
eg
u
l
ar
ev
en
ts
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
R
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
r
em
o
te
en
d
f
a
u
lts
; (
a
)
B
-
g
,
(
b
)
A
-
C
,
an
d
(
c
)
. A
-
B
-
C
-
g
f
au
lts
3
.
2
.
3
.
H
ig
h r
esis
t
iv
e
f
a
ults
T
h
e
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
s
ee
n
b
y
th
e
d
i
s
tan
ce
r
elay
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
with
in
th
e
zo
n
e
s
ettin
g
s
to
d
etec
t
th
e
f
au
lts
in
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es
ir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
c
h
an
g
es
o
f
th
e
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
f
au
lts
with
h
ig
h
f
au
lt
r
e
s
is
tan
ce
/im
p
ed
an
ce
ar
e
f
ailed
to
d
etec
t
b
y
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
r
elay
s
an
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e
m
o
r
e
r
eliab
le
s
ch
em
es
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
is
test
ed
u
n
d
e
r
th
is
ca
s
e
with
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
au
lt
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
I
n
f
ir
s
t
ca
s
e,
an
A
-
g
f
au
lt
is
in
iti
ated
at
0
.
5
s
ec
with
a
f
au
lt
r
e
s
is
tan
ce
o
f
1
0
0
Ω
a
n
d
lo
ca
te
d
at
1
6
5
k
m
f
r
o
m
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
LMD
-
b
a
s
ed
fa
u
lt d
etec
tio
n
s
c
h
eme
fo
r
TC
S
C
co
mp
en
s
a
ted
w
in
d
in
teg
r
a
ted
…
(
S
a
r
ith
a
Ma
r
ke
t
)
31
g
r
id
b
u
s
G.
I
n
s
ec
o
n
d
ca
s
e,
C
-
g
f
a
u
lt
is
in
itiated
at
0
.
5
s
ec
with
a
f
au
lt
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
1
2
0
Ω
an
d
lo
ca
ted
at
4
5
k
m
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
r
id
b
u
s
G.
Fin
ally
,
A
-
C
-
g
f
au
lt
is
s
im
u
lated
with
f
au
lt
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
0
.
5
s
ec
,
8
0
Ω
,
an
d
1
3
5
k
m
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
o
f
t
h
e
m
eth
o
d
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a
)
,
F
ig
u
r
e
5
(
b
),
a
n
d
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
c
)
f
o
r
all
th
e
th
r
ee
ca
s
es.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
q
u
ick
d
etec
tio
n
o
u
tp
u
ts
f
o
r
t
h
e
h
ig
h
r
esis
tiv
e
f
au
lts
lik
e
lo
w
r
esis
tan
ce
f
au
lts
.
T
h
is
is
o
n
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
m
er
it
o
f
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
ex
is
tin
g
im
p
ed
an
ce
-
b
ased
r
elay
lo
g
ics.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
p
h
ase
s
elec
tio
n
is
also
p
o
s
s
ib
le
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
s
in
ce
th
e
C
USUM
in
d
icato
r
o
f
f
au
lty
p
h
ase
r
esp
o
n
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt in
v
o
lv
in
g
with
th
e
s
am
e
p
h
ase.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
R
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
h
ig
h
r
esis
tan
ce
f
au
lts
;
(
a
)
A
-
g
,
(
b
)
C
-
g,
a
n
d
(
c
)
A
-
C
-
g
f
au
lts
3
.
2
.
4
.
Wind
inte
rm
it
t
ency
T
h
e
test
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
ated
with
th
e
lar
g
e
W
Fs
o
f
f
er
s
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
p
o
wer
f
lu
ct
u
atio
n
s
an
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
r
elay
lo
g
ics
ar
e
m
al
o
p
er
a
ted
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
y
n
am
ic
an
d
i
n
ter
m
itten
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
o
ch
ec
k
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
tectio
n
lo
g
ic
d
u
r
i
n
g
v
ar
iab
le
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
win
d
s
y
s
tem
,
win
d
s
p
ee
d
is
ch
an
g
e
d
f
r
o
m
it
s
n
o
m
in
al
v
alu
e
o
f
1
5
m
/s
to
2
0
m
/s
an
d
f
a
u
lts
ar
e
s
im
u
lated
at
th
at
co
n
d
itio
n
.
Un
d
er
th
is
ca
s
e,
B
-
g
f
au
lt
with
2
4
0
k
m
as
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
f
a
u
lt
in
itiated
at
0
.
4
6
s
ec
an
d
o
f
f
er
s
a
f
au
l
t
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
1
0
Ω
is
s
im
u
lated
an
d
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
d
ata
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
L
MD
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
ch
em
e
to
v
er
if
y
th
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
F
ig
u
r
e
6
(
a
)
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
w
in
d
s
p
ee
d
co
n
d
itio
n
is
ch
an
g
ed
f
r
o
m
1
5
m
/s
to
1
0
m
/s
an
d
th
e
f
au
lt
is
s
im
u
lated
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
.
I
n
b
o
th
ca
s
es,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
lo
g
ic
is
ab
le
to
d
ete
ct
th
e
f
au
lts
with
o
u
t
ch
an
g
i
n
g
th
e
p
r
eset
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Sin
ce
th
e
ch
an
g
e
in
win
d
s
p
ee
d
co
n
d
itio
n
d
ev
iates
th
e
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
s
ig
n
als
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
an
d
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
th
e
p
h
ase
s
elec
tio
n
is
d
if
f
icu
lt
f
o
r
ce
r
tain
f
au
lts
.
I
t
is
ev
id
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ca
s
e
o
f
Fig
u
r
e
6
wh
er
e
th
e
C
USUM
in
d
ices
o
f
p
h
ase
A
an
d
C
ex
ce
ed
s
0
alo
n
g
with
B
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
au
lt
B
-
g
.
Ho
wev
er
,
d
etec
t
io
n
o
f
f
au
lts
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
ir
r
es
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
e
f
au
lt
ca
s
es e
v
en
in
d
y
n
am
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
R
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
B
-
g
f
au
lt f
o
r
win
d
s
p
ee
d
o
f
(
a
)
2
0
m
/s
an
d
(
b
)
1
0
m
/s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
7
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
2
5
:
26
-
34
32
3
.
3
.
Dis
cus
s
io
ns
a
nd
c
o
m
pa
riso
ns
T
h
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
in
to
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
with
in
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
s
h
as
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
ed
th
e
cr
itical
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
f
a
u
lt
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
f
au
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
,
in
ce
p
t
io
n
,
a
n
d
f
au
lt
p
ath
r
esis
tan
ce
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
a
u
lt
d
etec
tio
n
lo
g
ic
was
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ly
test
ed
o
n
a
v
ar
ie
ty
o
f
f
au
lt
s
,
r
ev
ea
lin
g
its
r
o
b
u
s
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Fo
r
lin
e
-
to
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
f
a
u
lts
,
s
p
ec
if
ic
ca
s
es
wer
e
ex
am
in
ed
:
a
n
A
-
g
f
au
lt
at
1
0
0
k
m
with
a
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
2
0
Ω
,
a
B
-
g
f
au
lt
at
1
8
0
k
m
with
1
0
Ω
,
a
n
d
a
C
-
g
f
au
lt
at
7
0
k
m
with
4
0
Ω
.
T
h
e
s
e
test
s
s
h
o
wed
th
at
f
a
u
lts
wer
e
d
etec
ted
with
in
o
n
e
f
u
ll
cy
cle,
an
d
th
e
p
h
as
e
s
elec
tio
n
was
ac
cu
r
ately
a
ch
iev
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
C
USU
M
in
d
icato
r
s
,
wh
ich
ad
ap
ted
to
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
f
a
u
lt
ty
p
e
s
.
E
x
ten
d
in
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
to
A
-
B
,
B
-
C
-
g
,
an
d
A
-
B
-
C
f
au
lts
,
with
f
au
lt
lo
ca
tio
n
s
at
2
0
0
k
m
,
1
3
0
k
m
,
an
d
1
6
0
k
m
a
n
d
r
esis
tan
ce
s
o
f
1
Ω
,
5
Ω
,
an
d
8
Ω
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
f
u
r
th
er
v
ali
d
ated
th
e
m
eth
o
d
’
s
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
.
T
r
ad
itio
n
al
d
is
tan
ce
r
elay
s
,
wh
ich
s
tr
u
g
g
le
with
r
em
o
te
e
n
d
f
au
lts
b
e
y
o
n
d
8
0
%
o
f
th
e
lin
e,
we
r
e
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
lo
g
ic
wh
en
test
ed
with
B
-
g
,
A
-
C
an
d
A
-
B
-
C
-
g
f
au
lts
at
2
7
5
k
m
,
0
.
4
2
s
ec
,
an
d
1
0
Ω
.
Hig
h
-
r
esis
tan
ce
f
au
lts
p
o
s
ed
an
o
t
h
er
ch
allen
g
e
f
o
r
tr
ad
itio
n
al
r
elay
s
,
b
u
t
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
ef
f
icien
tly
d
etec
ted
f
au
lts
s
u
ch
as
an
A
-
g
f
au
lt
at
1
6
5
k
m
with
1
0
0
Ω
,
a
C
-
g
f
au
lt
at
4
5
k
m
with
1
2
0
Ω
,
an
d
a
n
A
-
C
-
g
f
au
l
t
at
1
3
5
k
m
with
8
0
Ω
,
all
in
itiated
at
0
.
5
s
ec
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
q
u
ic
k
an
d
r
eliab
le
f
au
lt
d
etec
tio
n
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
m
eth
o
d
’
s
s
u
p
er
i
o
r
ity
in
b
o
th
ty
p
ical
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
-
r
esis
tan
ce
f
au
lt
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
wh
ile
also
en
ab
lin
g
p
r
ec
is
e
p
h
ase
s
elec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
t
o
o
ls
o
v
er
L
MD
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
a
g
a
in
s
t
ty
p
ical
ev
en
ts
an
d
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
ies
o
f
th
e
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
ta
b
u
lated
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
class
if
icatio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
ies
ac
r
o
s
s
f
o
u
r
tech
n
iq
u
es
.
E
ac
h
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
was
test
ed
o
n
2
9
ty
p
ical
ca
s
es,
a
n
d
th
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
n
o
tab
le
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
.
DFT
ac
h
iev
ed
a
class
if
icatio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
8
9
.
6
5
%,
co
r
r
ec
tly
id
en
tify
in
g
2
6
ca
s
es
wh
ile
m
is
class
if
y
in
g
3
.
B
o
th
W
T
a
n
d
E
MD
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
eq
u
ally
well,
ea
ch
ac
cu
r
ately
clas
s
if
y
in
g
2
7
o
u
t o
f
2
9
ca
s
es,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
s
lig
h
tly
h
ig
h
er
a
cc
u
r
ac
y
o
f
9
3
.
1
0
%.
L
MD
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
ed
th
e
o
th
er
tech
n
iq
u
es,
ac
h
iev
in
g
th
e
h
ig
h
est
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
9
6
.
5
5
%,
with
2
8
tr
u
e
ca
s
es
an
d
o
n
ly
1
f
alse
ca
s
e.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
L
MD
is
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
class
if
icatio
n
in
th
is
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
f
o
llo
wed
cl
o
s
ely
b
y
W
T
an
d
E
MD
,
w
h
ile
DFT
lag
s
s
lig
h
tly
b
eh
in
d
.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
s
o
f
class
if
icatio
n
ac
cu
r
ac
ies o
f
t
h
e
v
ar
i
o
u
s
tech
n
iq
u
es
Te
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
To
t
a
l
c
a
ses
Tr
u
e
c
a
s
e
s
F
a
l
se
c
a
s
e
s
A
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
(
%)
D
F
T
29
26
3
8
9
.
6
5
%
WT
29
27
2
9
3
.
1
0
%
EM
D
29
27
2
9
3
.
1
0
%
LM
D
29
28
1
9
6
.
5
5
%
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
An
L
MD
-
b
ased
p
r
o
tectio
n
s
ch
em
e
is
p
r
esen
ted
to
d
etec
t
an
d
class
if
y
th
e
f
au
lts
in
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
es
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
W
Fs
.
T
h
e
s
ch
em
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
r
eliab
le
d
et
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[
1
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.