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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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52
I
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J
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&
C
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p
Sci
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Vo
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37
,
No
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1
,
J
an
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20
25
:
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16
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t
h
e
T
C
S3
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0
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co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
b
u
t
to
d
if
f
er
en
tiate
o
il
p
alm
f
r
u
it
b
u
n
ch
es
b
ase
d
o
n
th
eir
lev
el
o
f
m
atu
r
ity
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
d
etec
t
m
o
is
tu
r
e
d
is
s
o
lv
ed
in
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
in
s
u
latin
g
o
il
in
r
ea
l
tim
e,
Ko
n
d
alk
ar
et
a
l.
[
3
2
]
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
a
h
i
g
h
-
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
lan
ar
m
etal
-
p
o
ly
im
id
e
-
in
te
r
d
ig
ital
tr
a
n
s
d
u
ce
r
(
I
DT
)
m
etal
-
ty
p
e
m
in
iatu
r
ized
ca
p
ac
itiv
e.
T
h
e
p
o
ly
im
id
e
f
ilm
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
en
h
an
ce
d
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
r
esu
ltin
g
i
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
d
s
en
s
itiv
ity
,
f
ast
r
ea
ctio
n
ti
m
e,
an
d
l
o
n
g
-
te
r
m
s
tab
ilit
y
in
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
-
o
il
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
Had
i
et
a
l.
[
3
3
]
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
a
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
u
ltra
v
io
let
-
b
l
u
e
laser
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
in
ter
v
als
(
C
I
)
ca
n
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
eliab
ly
,
with
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
e
r
r
o
r
s
(
R
MSE
s
)
o
f
0
.
4
1
2
9
f
o
r
4
5
0
n
m
an
d
0
.
2
2
2
9
f
o
r
4
0
5
n
m
.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
a
lo
w
-
c
o
s
t,
p
o
r
ta
b
le
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
d
ev
ice
f
o
r
o
n
-
s
ite
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
L
eo
n
g
et
a
l.
[
3
4
]
o
f
f
e
r
ed
a
n
e
w
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
i
l,
n
am
ely
u
s
in
g
UV
lig
h
t.
T
h
e
co
lo
r
i
n
d
ex
(
C
I
)
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
o
il
m
ay
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
u
s
in
g
u
ltra
v
i
o
let
-
to
-
v
is
ib
le
(
UV
-
Vis
)
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
,
as
s
u
g
g
ested
i
n
th
is
p
ap
e
r
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
C
I
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
a
n
d
th
e
ab
s
o
r
b
an
ce
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
r
esp
o
n
s
es
o
f
o
ils
f
r
o
m
3
0
0
n
m
t
o
7
0
0
n
m
.
I
n
ac
c
o
r
d
an
ce
with
I
E
C
1
5
6
,
Ma
h
an
ta
an
d
L
ask
a
r
[
3
5
]
p
r
esen
ted
an
o
p
tical
s
e
n
s
o
r
-
b
ased
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
o
il
in
s
u
latio
n
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
th
at
m
a
k
es
u
s
e
o
f
s
p
h
er
e
-
s
p
h
er
e
2
.
5
m
m
elec
tr
o
d
es
in
th
e
test
ce
ll.
I
t
is
d
is
co
v
er
ed
t
h
at
th
e
in
s
u
latin
g
o
il
f
ailu
r
e
m
o
d
if
ies
its
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
wh
ich
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
s
en
s
o
r
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
th
at
s
ig
n
if
ies th
e
in
s
u
latin
g
o
il d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
.
As
s
tated
in
th
e
wo
r
k
s
[
3
0
]
-
[
3
5
]
,
a
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
co
n
d
iti
o
n
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
h
as
ac
tu
ally
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
n
o
r
esear
ch
th
at
h
as
d
esig
n
ed
a
to
o
l
ca
p
a
b
le
o
f
as
s
ess
in
g
th
e
lev
el
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
d
e
g
r
ad
atio
n
b
ased
o
n
a
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
-
b
as
ed
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
an
d
u
tili
zin
g
a
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
as
a
d
etec
to
r
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
r
esear
ch
[
3
0
]
-
[
3
5
]
b
ec
au
s
e
it
u
s
es
a
T
C
S3
2
0
0
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
as
a
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il c
o
lo
r
d
etec
to
r
an
d
an
Ar
d
u
in
o
Un
o
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
as a
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ce
n
ter
.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
a
p
r
o
ject
to
d
esig
n
a
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
co
n
d
it
io
n
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
an
o
il
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
r
ef
er
r
in
g
to
th
e
ASTM
D1
5
0
0
,
2
0
0
9
[
3
6
]
s
tan
d
ar
d
b
ased
o
n
a
m
icr
o
co
n
t
r
o
ller
.
T
h
is
d
ev
ice
m
ak
es
it
ea
s
ier
f
o
r
o
p
er
ato
r
s
to
test
th
e
lev
el
o
f
d
eg
r
a
d
atio
n
o
f
th
e
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
v
alu
e
is
d
ir
ec
tly
d
is
p
lay
ed
o
n
th
e
L
C
D
s
cr
ee
n
.
Ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
th
at,
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
o
il
co
n
d
itio
n
an
al
y
s
is
an
d
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
o
n
d
eg
r
ad
a
tio
n
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
C
I
GR
E
7
6
1
-
2
0
1
9
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
ar
e
also
d
is
p
lay
ed
[
3
7
]
.
T
h
ese
th
r
e
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
b
y
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
is
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
i
s
por
tab
le
.
T
h
e
m
ain
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
in
clu
d
es
d
es
ig
n
in
g
,
test
in
g
,
an
d
v
alid
atin
g
a
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
ac
cu
r
ately
d
etec
tin
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
lev
els
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
-
b
ased
o
il
co
lo
r
r
ea
d
in
g
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ject
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
th
e
lev
el
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
u
s
in
g
a
n
Ar
d
u
in
o
Un
o
ty
p
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
as
a
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
,
a
T
C
S3
2
0
0
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
,
an
L
C
D
s
cr
ee
n
,
a
test
tu
b
e,
an
d
an
ac
r
y
lic
co
v
er
.
T
h
e
co
lo
r
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
p
u
t
in
to
th
e
test
tu
b
e
is
d
etec
ted
b
y
th
e
T
C
S3
2
0
0
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
.
Data
f
r
o
m
th
e
R
GB
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
wi
ll
b
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
b
y
Ar
d
u
in
o
an
d
s
en
t
to
th
e
L
C
D
s
cr
ee
n
.
User
s
ca
n
f
in
d
o
u
t
t
h
e
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
o
f
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
o
il
test
ed
b
ased
o
n
ASTM
D1
5
0
0
,
2
0
0
9
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
d
eg
r
a
d
atio
n
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
b
ased
o
n
th
e
c
o
lo
r
s
ca
le
v
ia
th
e
L
C
D
s
cr
ee
n
.
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
Un
o
is
u
s
ed
in
th
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
b
ec
a
u
s
e
it
is
ea
s
y
to
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
ch
ea
p
,
an
d
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
wid
ely
u
s
ed
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
l
ler
s
s
o
it
is
ea
s
y
to
o
b
tain
[
3
8
]
.
T
h
e
co
l
o
r
r
an
g
e
m
ay
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
with
th
e
T
C
S3
2
0
0
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
.
T
h
is
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
h
as
a
b
r
o
ad
d
y
n
am
ic
r
esp
o
n
s
e
r
an
g
e
to
lig
h
t,
an
d
its
ty
p
ical
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
r
an
g
e
is
2
Hz
to
5
0
0
k
Hz
[
3
9
].
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
s
tag
es
p
r
es
en
ted
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
in
clu
d
in
g
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
,
s
y
s
tem
wo
r
k
s
eq
u
en
ce
,
s
y
s
tem
test
in
g
,
an
d
s
y
s
tem
v
alid
atio
n
.
2
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
des
ig
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
d
eg
r
ad
ati
o
n
lev
el
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
b
a
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
co
lo
r
s
ca
le,
wh
ich
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
s
u
ch
as
a
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
s
am
p
le
tu
b
e
ch
am
b
er
(
1
)
,
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
(
2
)
,
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
3
)
,
L
C
D
(
4
)
,
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
(
5
)
,
a
n
d
a
cr
y
lic
h
o
u
s
in
g
(
6
)
.
T
h
e
ch
am
b
er
f
u
n
cti
o
n
s
as
a
p
lace
th
at
en
clo
s
es
th
e
test
tu
b
e
an
d
T
C
S3
2
0
0
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
t
h
at
is
p
lace
d
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
in
s
id
e
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
o
il
s
am
p
le
tu
b
e
co
n
tain
e
r
to
o
b
tain
ac
cu
r
ate
d
etec
tio
n
r
esu
lts
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
r
esear
ch
[
4
0
]
-
[
4
2
]
th
e
T
C
S3
2
0
0
'
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
Tr
a
n
s
fo
r
mer o
il d
eg
r
a
d
a
tio
n
d
etec
tio
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lysi
s
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Mu
h
a
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d
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a
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mi
Ha
kim
)
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wh
ite
lig
h
t
em
itti
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io
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es
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L
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Ds)
ar
e
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tili
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d
to
illu
m
in
ate
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d
lig
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t
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p
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o
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ject'
s
s
u
r
f
a
ce
to
i
d
en
tify
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lo
r
.
T
h
en
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i
n
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er
to
m
ea
s
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r
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th
e
in
ten
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ity
o
f
t
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co
l
o
r
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ter
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o
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in
ten
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ity
o
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r
ed
,
g
r
e
en
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l
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e
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co
m
p
o
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th
e
item
r
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le
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h
t
b
ac
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to
th
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en
s
o
r
[
4
3
]
.
T
h
e
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en
s
o
r
s
u
p
p
ly
v
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ag
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is
2
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an
d
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m
m
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T
h
e
m
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o
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n
tr
o
ller
i
n
t
h
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a
n
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o
f
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ctio
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s
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en
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th
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o
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f
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ata
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o
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tp
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alo
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in
p
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p
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s
.
Ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
th
at,
t
h
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
Un
o
is
also
eq
u
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p
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with
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tr
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ter
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tto
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e
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f
u
n
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to
d
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th
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d
at
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ce
s
s
in
g
b
y
t
h
e
m
icr
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co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
p
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p
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ly
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s
as
a
p
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ly
f
o
r
th
e
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
an
d
m
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co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
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e
is
an
in
p
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t v
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o
f
2
2
0
V
an
d
an
o
u
t
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e
o
f
5
-
12
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Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
h
ap
e
an
d
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
h
o
u
s
in
g
f
o
r
p
lacin
g
co
m
p
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n
en
ts
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
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s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
h
ap
e
an
d
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
test
tu
b
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c
h
am
b
er
in
s
id
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s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
c
h
am
b
e
r
h
as
len
g
th
=
5
c
m
,
wid
t
h
=
5
cm
,
an
d
h
eig
h
t
=
8
.
5
c
m
,
e
q
u
ip
p
ed
with
a
h
o
le
at
t
h
e
to
p
with
a
d
iam
eter
o
f
1
.
5
cm
t
o
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n
s
er
t
a
r
ea
ctio
n
tu
b
e
th
at
ca
n
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
±
1
5
m
l
o
f
o
il
s
am
p
le.
T
h
e
co
lo
r
o
f
th
e
in
n
er
wall
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
s
am
p
le
tu
b
e
v
ess
el
is
wh
ite.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1.
Desig
n
o
f
(
a
)
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il d
e
g
r
ad
atio
n
lev
el
d
ete
ctio
n
s
y
s
tem
b
ased
o
n
a
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
an
d
(
b
)
test
tu
b
e
ch
a
m
b
er
i
n
s
id
e
s
y
s
tem
2
.
2
.
Wo
r
k
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s
equence
o
f
t
he
s
y
s
t
em
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
b
lo
c
k
d
ia
g
r
am
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
ly
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
v
ia
a
DC
ad
ap
ter
wh
ich
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
an
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
5
-
1
2
VDC
to
ac
tiv
at
e
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
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a
n
d
co
l
o
r
s
en
s
o
r
(
2
)
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
s
am
p
le
to
b
e
t
ested
is
p
u
t
in
to
a
test
tu
b
e.
T
h
e
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
r
ea
d
s
th
e
co
lo
r
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il.
T
h
e
co
lo
r
r
ea
d
in
g
d
ata
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
R
GB
v
alu
es
is
s
en
t
to
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
l
ler
in
p
u
t
p
in
.
T
h
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
co
n
v
e
r
ts
it
in
t
o
a
n
u
m
b
er
co
d
e
ac
co
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n
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to
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5
0
0
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0
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s
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5
,
wh
ich
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th
e
s
tan
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test
m
eth
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f
o
r
ASTM
co
lo
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f
p
etr
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p
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cts
[
4
4
]
,
u
s
in
g
a
r
eg
r
ess
io
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atio
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with
th
e
m
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eth
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.
T
h
e
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lts
o
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tr
an
s
f
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m
er
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ter
p
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in
g
I
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5
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1
5
2
an
d
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GR
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T
B
7
6
1
.
Af
ter
th
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ata
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d
at
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wh
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to
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h
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co
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s
ca
le
an
d
d
eg
r
a
d
atio
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lev
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T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
s
tar
ts
f
r
o
m
co
n
d
itio
n
s
:
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ew,
g
o
o
d
,
s
er
v
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-
a
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ed
m
a
r
g
in
al,
b
ad
,
s
ev
e
r
e,
to
e
x
tr
em
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
B
lo
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d
iag
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am
o
f
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y
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tem
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
37
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
25
:
1
5
-
25
18
2
.
3
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
t
esting
Sy
s
tem
test
in
g
in
clu
d
es
co
lo
r
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
s
am
p
les
v
is
u
al
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
r
d
eter
m
in
ati
o
n
,
s
en
s
o
r
ty
p
e
test
in
g
,
ch
a
m
b
er
wall
co
lo
r
test
in
g
,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
s
am
p
le
v
ess
el
test
in
g
,
an
d
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
tem
test
in
g
in
th
e
s
eq
u
en
ce
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
s
am
p
les
n
ee
d
to
b
e
v
is
u
ally
ass
ess
ed
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ass
ess
m
en
t
r
esu
l
ts
.
B
ef
o
r
e
d
ec
id
in
g
to
u
s
e
th
e
T
C
S3
2
0
0
c
o
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
,
f
ir
s
t
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
it
with
a
UV
s
en
s
o
r
(
GUVA
S1
2
SD)
.
T
h
is
test
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
to
f
in
d
o
u
t
th
e
m
o
s
t
ac
cu
r
ate
s
en
s
o
r
in
d
etec
tin
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
co
l
o
r
f
o
r
th
is
s
y
s
tem
.
C
h
am
b
er
wall
co
lo
r
test
in
g
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
wall
co
lo
r
t
h
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
d
ete
ctin
g
th
e
co
l
o
r
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il.
W
h
ite
an
d
b
la
ck
wall
co
l
o
r
s
w
er
e
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
test
in
g
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
s
am
p
le
h
o
ld
e
r
also
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
test
ed
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
b
e
ca
u
s
e
th
er
e
wer
e
o
p
tio
n
s
f
o
r
c
u
v
ette
an
d
test
tu
b
e
as
s
am
p
le
co
n
tain
e
r
s
.
Af
ter
th
at,
test
in
g
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
as
a
wh
o
le
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
s
aid
to
wo
r
k
well
if
it
is
ab
le
to
d
etec
t
t
h
e
co
lo
r
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il,
co
n
v
er
t
to
th
e
ASTM
D1
5
0
0
,
2
0
0
9
s
tan
d
a
r
d
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
co
lo
r
s
ca
le,
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
o
i
l
a
n
d
c
o
n
c
l
u
d
e
t
h
e
le
v
e
l
o
f
d
e
g
r
a
d
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
o
i
l
ac
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
C
I
G
R
E
-
7
6
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
I
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
t
es
t
g
o
e
s
w
e
l
l
t
h
e
n
v
a
l
i
d
at
i
o
n
i
s
c
a
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
o
u
t
p
u
t
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
esti
n
g
s
tag
es
2
.
4
.
Va
lid
a
t
i
o
n o
f
s
y
s
t
em
t
est
r
esu
lt
s
T
h
e
f
in
al
s
tep
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
test
r
esu
lts
o
f
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
d
u
cts
u
s
in
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
to
o
ls
f
o
r
test
in
g
th
e
c
o
lo
r
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
o
r
o
th
er
f
lu
id
s
,
n
a
m
ely
s
p
ec
tr
o
p
h
o
to
m
etr
ic
co
l
o
r
im
eter
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
o
wn
ed
b
y
PT.
PLN
E
ast J
av
a
an
d
B
ali
T
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
Ma
in
Un
it (
UI
T
J
B
M)
.
T
r
an
s
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e
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il sam
p
les th
at
h
ad
b
ee
n
test
ed
f
o
r
th
eir
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
u
s
in
g
th
e
r
esear
ch
test
s
y
s
tem
wer
e
te
s
ted
ag
ain
u
s
in
g
s
p
ec
tr
o
p
h
o
to
m
etr
ic
co
lo
r
im
eter
s
.
Fro
m
th
e
test
r
e
s
u
lts
o
f
th
e
two
t
o
o
ls
,
th
e
SM
APE
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
was
ca
lcu
late
d
to
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
T
h
e
s
m
aller
th
e
SMAPE
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
v
alu
e,
th
e
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
th
e
c
o
lo
r
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
D
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
l
o
r
s
c
a
l
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
o
i
l
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
A
S
T
M
D
1
5
0
0
,
2
0
0
9
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
v
i
s
u
a
l
l
y
T
h
e
co
l
o
r
s
ca
le
o
f
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
test
s
am
p
le
was
f
ir
s
t
d
eter
m
in
ed
v
is
u
ally
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ASTM
D1
5
0
0
,
2
0
0
9
s
tan
d
ar
d
.
B
ased
o
n
th
is
s
tan
d
ar
d
it
is
k
n
o
wn
th
at
th
e
lig
h
test
co
lo
r
h
a
s
a
co
d
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
0
.
5
an
d
th
e
d
ar
k
est
co
l
o
r
h
as
a
co
d
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
8
with
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
0
.
5
o
n
ea
ch
s
ca
le
.
T
h
e
d
ar
k
er
th
e
c
o
lo
r
o
f
an
o
il,
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
e
co
d
e
n
u
m
b
er
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
s
am
p
les
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
elev
en
o
il
s
am
p
les.
Vis
u
al
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
1
st
to
1
1
th
s
am
p
les
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
v
alu
e
s
ca
le
o
f
0
.
5
,
1
.
0
,
1
.
5
,
2
.
0
,
2
.
5
,
3
.
0
,
3
.
5
,
4
.
0
,
4
.
5
,
5
.
0
,
an
d
5
.
5
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
3
.
2
.
Select
io
n
a
nd
t
esting
o
f
s
ens
o
r
t
y
pes
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
en
s
o
r
test
ed
was
a
UV
s
en
s
o
r
(
GUVA
S1
2
SD)
t
o
d
etec
t
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
o
il
s
am
p
l
es
in
s
er
ted
in
to
a
test
tu
b
e.
E
ac
h
o
il
s
a
m
p
le
s
ca
le
was
te
s
ted
f
iv
e
t
im
es
f
o
r
a
to
tal
o
f
5
5
test
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
c
o
lo
r
s
ca
le
test
u
s
in
g
a
UV
s
en
s
o
r
(
GU
VA
S
1
2
SD)
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
T
a
b
le
1
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
s
en
s
o
r
r
ea
d
in
g
r
esu
lts
ar
e
o
n
a
s
ca
le
o
f
1
.
5
a
n
d
f
o
r
th
e
n
e
x
t
s
ca
le
(
2
–
5
.
5
)
th
e
test
r
esu
lts
ar
e
n
o
t d
is
p
lay
ed
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il c
o
l
o
r
was n
o
t r
ea
d
ab
le
s
o
th
e
GUVA
1
2
SD s
en
s
o
r
ca
n
n
o
t b
e
ap
p
lied
to
th
is
o
il c
o
l
o
r
s
ca
le
t
est s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
o
il
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
test
u
s
in
g
th
e
T
C
S3
2
0
0
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
o
il
s
am
p
le
was
p
u
t
in
to
a
test
tu
b
e.
T
h
e
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
an
d
test
tu
b
e
we
r
e
en
clo
s
ed
in
a
c
h
am
b
e
r
with
wh
ite
ch
am
b
er
walls.
E
ac
h
o
il
s
am
p
le
s
ca
le
was
te
s
te
d
f
iv
e
tim
es
f
o
r
a
to
tal
o
f
5
5
test
s
b
u
t
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
is
o
n
ly
o
n
e
test
v
alu
e
f
r
o
m
f
iv
e
test
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
am
p
le,
as e
x
am
p
le
.
T
h
en
t
h
e
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
eq
u
atio
n
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
with
th
e
in
d
e
p
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
b
ein
g
th
e
p
a
r
am
eter
s
R
,
G,
a
n
d
B
a
n
d
th
e
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
v
a
r
iab
le,
n
am
ely
th
e
v
is
u
al
co
lo
r
s
ca
le.
Af
ter
o
b
tain
in
g
th
e
lin
ea
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
eq
u
atio
n
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
Min
itab
s
o
f
twar
e,
th
e
R
,
G,
an
d
B
v
alu
es
wer
e
co
n
v
er
ted
to
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
v
alu
es
wh
ich
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
Tr
a
n
s
fo
r
mer o
il d
eg
r
a
d
a
tio
n
d
etec
tio
n
s
ystem
b
a
s
ed
o
n
c
o
lo
r
s
ca
le
a
n
a
lysi
s
(
Mu
h
a
mma
d
F
a
h
mi
Ha
kim
)
19
th
e
co
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
r
ea
d
in
g
s
.
So
th
at
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
r
esu
lts
m
atch
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
in
th
e
A
STM
D1
5
0
0
,
2
0
0
9
Stan
d
ar
d
,
a
to
le
r
an
ce
v
al
u
e
o
f
0
.
2
5
is
ap
p
lied
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
o
il c
o
lo
r
s
ca
le
test
r
esu
lts
w
ith
UV
s
en
s
o
r
N
o
.
O
i
l
c
o
l
o
r
sca
l
e
Te
st
W
a
v
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
(
n
m)
1
0
.
5
1
1
5
4
2
0
.
5
2
1
5
4
3
0
.
5
3
1
5
3
4
0
.
5
4
1
5
7
5
0
.
5
5
1
4
6
6
1
1
37
7
1
2
40
8
1
3
34
9
1
4
30
10
1
5
33
11
1
.
5
1
6
12
1
.
5
2
4
13
1
.
5
3
7
14
1
.
5
4
5
15
1
.
5
5
2
16
2
1
0
17
2
2
0
18
2
3
0
19
2
4
0
20
2
5
0
T
ab
le
2.
C
o
lo
r
s
ca
le
test
r
esu
lts
u
s
in
g
th
e
T
C
S3
2
0
0
c
o
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
with
s
am
p
les in
test
tu
b
es a
n
d
wh
ite
ch
am
b
er
walls
N
o
.
S
c
a
l
e
(
b
y
v
i
su
a
l
)
R
G
B
R
e
g
r
e
ssi
o
n
(
y
)
S
c
a
l
e
(
b
y
s
y
s
t
e
m
)
S
M
A
P
EI
1
0
.
5
1
2
2
1
0
5
79
0
.
6
0
4
5
1
6
0
.
5
0
2
1
1
2
3
1
1
8
1
1
1
0
.
9
5
5
8
7
4
1
0
3
1
.
5
1
2
4
1
3
2
1
4
6
1
.
3
3
4
5
7
2
1
.
5
0
4
2
1
3
3
1
6
4
2
0
0
2
.
1
8
1
5
0
4
2
0
5
2
.
5
1
4
0
1
8
4
2
2
0
2
.
7
0
3
5
6
2
.
5
0
6
3
1
4
7
1
9
7
2
2
7
3
.
0
3
7
5
1
6
3
0
7
3
.
5
1
5
1
2
1
8
2
4
8
3
.
5
8
9
6
6
8
3
.
5
0
8
4
1
5
5
2
2
6
2
5
2
3
.
7
9
5
4
2
4
0
9
4
.
5
1
6
1
2
4
2
2
6
4
4
.
2
1
0
9
4
8
4
0
.
1
1
7
6
10
5
1
6
9
2
6
7
2
8
6
4
.
8
6
3
1
8
2
5
0
11
5
.
5
1
8
2
3
0
3
3
0
2
5
.
7
9
4
2
0
6
5
.
5
0
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
T
a
b
l
e
2
,
t
h
e
r
e
g
r
e
s
s
i
o
n
v
a
l
u
e
s
w
e
r
e
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
b
y
e
n
t
e
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
R
,
G
,
a
n
d
B
v
a
l
u
e
s
i
n
t
o
(
1
)
.
=
1
.
253
+
0
.
02509
∗
+
0
.
00654
∗
−
0
.
01941
∗
(
1
)
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
in
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
t
n
u
m
b
er
2
,
u
s
in
g
(
1
)
,
a
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
v
al
u
e
o
f
1
.
2
1
6
2
1
was
o
b
tai
n
ed
,
wh
ile
th
is
v
alu
e
was
n
o
t
in
th
e
AST
M
D1
5
0
0
,
2
0
0
9
s
tan
d
ar
d
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
v
alu
e
lis
t.
T
o
o
v
e
r
co
m
e
th
is
,
a
to
ler
an
ce
o
f
0
.
2
5
was
ap
p
lied
s
o
th
at
th
e
v
alu
e
b
ec
am
e
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
1
.
L
i
k
ewise,
in
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
t
n
u
m
b
er
4
0
,
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
v
alu
e
4
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
a
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
v
alu
e
o
f
3
.
7
8
6
8
9
an
d
a
to
ler
an
ce
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
2
5
.
T
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
SMAPE
v
alu
e
(
SMAPE
I
)
was o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
(
2
)
.
=
│
−
│
(
│
│
+
│
│
)
/
2
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
Ft
is
p
r
ed
icted
v
alu
e,
i
n
th
is
ca
s
e
th
e
o
il
co
l
o
r
s
ca
le
v
alu
e
b
ased
o
n
s
y
s
tem
r
ea
d
in
g
s
;
At
is
ac
tu
al
v
alu
e
in
th
is
ca
s
e
th
e
o
il c
o
lo
r
s
ca
le
is
b
ased
o
n
v
is
u
als.
T
h
e
to
tal
SMAPE
I
v
alu
e
f
r
o
m
5
5
test
s
is
0
.
5
8
8
2
,
t
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
SMAPE
I
v
alu
e
is
0
.
1
0
7
0
s
o
,
th
e
SMAPE
v
alu
e
=
1
.
0
7
%.
3
.
3
.
Cha
m
ber
w
a
ll
c
o
lo
r
t
est
ing
C
o
lo
r
s
ca
le
test
in
g
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
s
am
p
les
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
in
a
ch
am
b
e
r
with
lig
h
t
o
r
wh
ite
an
d
d
ar
k
o
r
b
lack
wall
co
lo
r
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
wall
co
lo
r
t
h
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
v
alu
es.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
test
u
s
in
g
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S
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en
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o
r
with
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tu
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es
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
37
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
25
:
1
5
-
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20
d
ar
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o
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er
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e
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a
b
le
3
.
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ac
h
o
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s
am
p
le
s
ca
le
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test
ed
f
iv
e
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o
r
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tal
o
f
5
5
test
s
b
u
t sh
o
wn
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a
b
le
3
i
s
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n
ly
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n
e
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alu
e
f
r
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m
f
iv
e
test
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
am
p
le,
as e
x
a
m
p
le
.
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ab
le
3.
C
o
lo
r
s
ca
le
test
r
esu
lts
u
s
in
g
th
e
T
C
S3
2
0
0
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o
lo
r
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en
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o
r
with
s
am
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les in
test
tu
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es a
n
d
b
lack
ch
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er
walls
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o
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c
a
l
e
(
b
y
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i
su
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l
)
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y
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Usi
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00324
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h
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ca
le
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ased
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n
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h
e
s
y
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b
tain
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y
en
ter
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g
th
e
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,
G,
B
v
alu
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in
to
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)
.
T
h
e
to
tal
SMAPE
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v
alu
e
f
r
o
m
5
5
test
s
,
in
th
e
o
il
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
test
with
b
lack
ch
am
b
e
r
walls,
i
s
8
.
2
6
5
9
,
t
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
in
d
iv
id
u
a
l
SMAPE
v
alu
e
is
0
.
1
5
0
3
,
an
d
th
e
SMAPE
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
i
s
1
5
.
0
3
%.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
test
in
g
th
e
o
il
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
wit
h
wh
ite
ch
am
b
er
walls,
th
e
r
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lts
o
f
wh
ich
ar
e
also
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
2
,
h
as
a
s
m
aller
SMA
PE
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am
ely
1
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0
7
%,
s
o
th
e
wh
ite
ch
am
b
er
walls
p
r
o
d
u
ce
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t.
3
.
4
.
T
esting
o
f
t
ra
ns
f
o
rm
er
o
il
s
a
m
ple
v
ess
els
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
s
am
p
le
v
ess
el
ca
n
b
e
a
test
tu
b
e
o
r
c
u
v
ette.
T
h
is
test
aim
s
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
lev
el
o
f
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
r
ea
d
in
g
b
etwe
en
an
o
il
s
am
p
l
e
p
u
t
in
to
a
test
tu
b
e
an
d
an
o
il
s
am
p
le
p
u
t
in
to
a
cu
v
ette.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
o
il
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
t
est
with
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
o
f
th
e
o
il
s
am
p
le
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ein
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p
u
t
in
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test
tu
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e,
u
s
i
n
g
a
T
C
S
3
2
0
0
c
o
l
o
r
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e
n
s
o
r
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n
d
t
h
e
c
h
a
m
b
e
r
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ll
s
b
e
in
g
w
h
i
t
e
c
a
n
b
e
s
e
e
n
i
n
T
a
b
le
2
.
M
e
a
n
w
h
i
l
e
,
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
ts
o
f
t
h
e
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il
c
o
l
o
r
s
ca
l
e
t
est
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it
h
t
h
e
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o
n
d
i
t
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o
f
t
h
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o
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l
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p
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u
s
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g
a
c
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l
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e
n
s
o
r
T
C
S
3
2
0
0
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a
n
d
t
h
e
w
h
it
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c
h
a
m
b
e
r
w
a
l
ls
c
a
n
b
e
s
e
e
n
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
4
.
E
a
c
h
o
i
l
s
a
m
p
l
e
s
c
a
l
e
w
a
s
t
es
t
e
d
f
i
v
e
t
i
m
es
f
o
r
a
t
o
t
a
l
o
f
5
5
t
e
s
t
s
b
u
t
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
a
b
l
e
4
i
s
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
t
es
t
v
al
u
e
f
r
o
m
f
i
v
e
t
e
s
t
s
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
s
a
m
p
l
e
,
as
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
.
Ta
b
le
4.
C
o
lo
r
s
ca
le
test
r
esu
lts
u
s
in
g
th
e
T
C
S3
2
0
0
c
o
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
with
s
am
p
les in
s
id
e
th
e
cu
v
ette
an
d
wh
ite
ch
am
b
er
walls
N
o
.
S
c
a
l
e
(
b
y
v
i
su
a
l
)
R
G
B
R
e
g
r
e
ssi
o
n
(
y
)
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c
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l
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(
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s
y
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t
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m
)
S
M
A
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5
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r
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b
tain
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(
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=
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,
895
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0154
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0
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03651
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0
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00426
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h
e
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s
ca
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ased
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h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
en
ter
in
g
th
e
R
,
G,
B
s
en
s
o
r
v
alu
es in
to
(
4
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
Tr
a
n
s
fo
r
mer o
il d
eg
r
a
d
a
tio
n
d
etec
tio
n
s
ystem
b
a
s
ed
o
n
c
o
lo
r
s
ca
le
a
n
a
lysi
s
(
Mu
h
a
mma
d
F
a
h
mi
Ha
kim
)
21
T
h
e
to
tal
SMAPE
I
v
alu
e
f
r
o
m
5
5
test
s
,
in
test
in
g
th
e
o
il
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
with
o
il
s
am
p
les
in
s
er
ted
in
to
th
e
cu
v
ette,
is
2
.
4
9
7
.
T
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
SMAPE
is
0
.
0
4
5
4
1
,
an
d
th
e
SMAPE
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
e
is
4
.
5
4
1
%.
Me
an
wh
ile,
test
in
g
th
e
o
il
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
in
s
id
e
tu
b
e
test
,
as
also
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
,
y
ield
s
a
s
m
aller
SMAPE
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
1
.
0
7
%.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
o
il tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
in
s
id
e
tu
b
e
t
est p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
.
3
.
5
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
t
esting
o
f
t
he
d
ev
ice
B
ef
o
r
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
test
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
ar
e
in
s
er
ted
in
to
th
e
d
ev
ice
h
o
u
s
in
g
to
p
r
o
tect
th
em
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
ap
p
ea
r
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
tr
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s
f
o
r
m
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il
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eg
r
ad
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etec
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tem
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ased
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e
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s
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u
r
e
4
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a
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s
h
o
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e
f
r
o
n
t
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iew
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ile
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
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s
h
o
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e
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iew
o
f
th
e
p
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t
y
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e
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Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
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th
at
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e
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
d
etec
t
th
e
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lo
r
s
ca
le
with
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
r
esu
lts
d
is
p
lay
ed
o
n
th
e
L
C
D
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
d
is
p
lay
s
t
h
e
R
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B
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
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er
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il
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o
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r
d
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n
r
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s
u
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b
y
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e
T
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S3
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0
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en
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o
r
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e
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er
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il
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e
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o
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0
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2
0
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.
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f
th
e
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u
s
h
b
u
tto
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e
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D
is
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y
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e
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e
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ato
r
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e
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an
s
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o
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er
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il
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n
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iti
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is
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r
d
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g
t
o
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I
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E
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7
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2
0
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Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
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.
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ile,
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e
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h
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u
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el
a
p
p
ea
r
s
wh
ich
is
test
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
C
I
GR
E
-
7
6
1
,
2
0
1
9
(
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
c)
)
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
o
il d
e
g
r
ad
atio
n
d
etec
to
r
s
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s
tem
b
ased
o
n
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
(
a)
f
r
o
n
t
v
iew
an
d
(
b
)
b
ac
k
v
iew
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
L
C
D
d
is
p
lay
;
(
a)
o
il
c
o
lo
r
s
ca
le
,
(
b
)
o
il
c
o
lo
r
c
lass
if
icatio
n
,
an
d
(
c)
i
n
te
r
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
t
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an
s
f
o
r
m
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r
ad
atio
n
l
ev
els
B
ased
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
test
r
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lts
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
aid
th
at
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
wo
r
k
well
b
ec
au
s
e
it
is
ab
le
to
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t
th
e
co
lo
r
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f
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c
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r
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to
t
h
e
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5
0
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2
0
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s
tan
d
a
r
d
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
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il
c
o
lo
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s
ca
le,
d
eter
m
in
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th
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co
n
d
itio
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o
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f
o
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th
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le
v
el
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
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il
d
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g
r
ad
atio
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
C
I
GR
E
-
7
6
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
37
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
25
:
1
5
-
25
22
3
.
6
.
Va
lid
a
t
i
o
n o
f
t
he
s
y
s
t
e
m
Af
ter
test
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
to
wo
r
k
well,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
s
y
s
tem
t
est
r
esu
lts
b
y
test
in
g
t
h
e
o
il
s
am
p
les
th
a
t
h
av
e
b
ee
n
test
ed
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
u
s
in
g
s
p
ec
tr
o
p
h
o
to
m
etr
ic
co
lo
r
im
eter
s
o
wn
ed
b
y
PT.
PLN
(
Per
s
er
o
)
.
T
est
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
s
p
ec
tr
o
p
h
o
t
o
m
etr
ic
co
lo
r
im
eter
s
wer
e
co
m
p
ar
e
d
with
test
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
r
esear
ch
to
o
ls
u
s
in
g
th
e
SMAPE
m
eth
o
d
.
Valid
atio
n
o
f
th
ese
r
esu
lts
aim
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
lev
el
o
f
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
T
ab
le
5
,
th
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
test
in
g
s
am
p
les
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
u
s
in
g
s
p
ec
tr
o
p
h
o
t
o
m
etr
ic
c
o
lo
r
im
et
er
s
ar
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
al
o
n
g
with
t
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
r
esu
lts
with
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
E
ac
h
o
il
s
am
p
le
s
ca
le
wa
s
test
ed
f
iv
e
ti
m
es
f
o
r
a
to
tal
o
f
5
5
test
s
b
u
t
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
5
is
o
n
ly
o
n
e
t
est
v
alu
e
f
r
o
m
f
iv
e
test
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
am
p
le,
as e
x
am
p
le.
T
ab
le
5.
C
o
lo
r
s
ca
le
r
ea
d
in
g
v
alu
es b
y
s
p
ec
tr
o
p
h
o
to
m
et
r
ic
c
o
lo
r
im
eter
s
an
d
s
y
s
tem
s
d
esig
n
ed
b
y
r
esear
ch
er
s
N
o
.
S
c
a
l
e
(
b
y
v
i
su
a
l
)
S
p
e
c
t
r
o
p
h
o
t
o
met
r
i
c
c
o
l
o
r
i
m
e
t
e
r
s
R
e
g
r
e
ssi
o
n
(
y
)
S
c
a
l
e
(
b
y
s
y
s
t
e
m
)
S
M
A
P
EI
V
a
l
u
e
S
c
a
l
e
1
0
.
5
0
.
4
0
.
5
0
.
6
0
4
5
1
6
0
.
5
0
.
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
.
2
1
0
.
9
5
5
8
7
4
1
0
.
0
0
0
0
3
1
.
5
1
.
7
1
.
5
1
.
3
3
4
5
7
2
1
.
5
0
.
0
0
0
0
4
2
2
.
3
2
.
5
2
.
1
8
1
5
0
4
2
0
.
2
2
2
2
5
2
.
5
2
.
6
3
2
.
7
0
3
5
6
2
.
5
0
.
1
8
1
8
6
3
3
3
2
.
9
5
5
2
7
5
3
0
.
0
0
0
0
7
3
.
5
3
.
4
3
.
5
3
.
5
8
9
6
6
8
3
.
5
0
.
0
0
0
0
8
4
3
.
5
3
.
5
3
.
7
9
5
4
2
4
0
.
1
3
3
3
9
4
.
5
3
.
9
4
4
,
2
1
0
9
4
8
4
0
.
0
0
0
0
10
5
4
.
2
4
4
.
8
6
3
1
8
2
5
0
.
2
2
2
2
11
5
.
5
4
.
8
5
5
.
7
4
1
9
8
6
5
.
5
0
.
0
9
5
2
T
h
e
o
il
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
th
at
ap
p
ea
r
s
o
n
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
o
p
h
o
to
m
et
r
ic
co
lo
r
im
eter
s
was
n
o
t
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
ASTM
D1
5
0
0
,
2
0
0
9
s
tan
d
a
r
d
,
s
o
a
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
with
a
to
ler
an
ce
v
al
u
e
o
f
0
.
2
5
with
th
e
r
esu
lts
lis
ted
in
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
o
p
h
o
to
m
et
r
ic
co
lo
r
im
eter
s
s
ca
le
co
lu
m
n
i
n
T
ab
le
5
T
a
b
le
.
T
h
is
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
s
o
th
at
th
e
v
alu
es c
an
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
th
e
s
y
s
tem
test
r
esu
l
ts
.
I
n
ca
lcu
latin
g
SMAPE
I
,
th
e
p
r
ed
icted
v
alu
e
is
th
e
o
il
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
v
alu
e
b
ased
o
n
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
t
r
ea
d
in
g
s
a
n
d
th
e
ac
tu
al
v
al
u
e
is
th
e
o
il
c
o
lo
r
s
ca
le
b
ased
o
n
v
is
u
al
s
p
ec
tr
o
p
h
o
to
m
etr
ic
c
o
lo
r
im
eter
s
.
T
h
e
t
o
tal
SMAPE
I
v
alu
e
i
n
th
is
test
is
4
.
0
4
0
3
s
o
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
SMAPE
I
v
alu
e
is
0
.
0
7
3
5
a
n
d
t
h
e
SMAPE
v
alu
e
=
7
.
3
5
%.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
aid
f
r
o
m
th
e
v
alid
atio
n
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
is
to
o
l r
ea
ch
ed
9
2
.
6
5
%.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
f
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
d
eg
r
a
d
atio
n
u
s
in
g
a
c
o
lo
r
s
ca
le
an
a
ly
s
is
b
ased
o
n
a
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
a
T
C
S3
2
0
0
co
l
o
r
s
en
s
o
r
.
W
h
ile
ea
r
lier
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
ex
p
l
o
r
ed
v
ar
i
o
u
s
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
o
il
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
d
etec
tio
n
,
s
u
ch
a
s
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
-
b
ased
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
Ultr
av
io
let
-
B
lu
e
L
aser
,
an
d
UV
-
Vis
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
[
3
0
]
,
[
3
3
]
,
[
3
4
]
,
th
ey
h
av
e
n
o
t e
x
p
licitly
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
p
r
ac
ti
ca
l
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
a
p
o
r
ta
b
le
an
d
lo
w
-
co
s
t
s
y
s
tem
th
at
d
ir
ec
tly
co
r
r
elate
s
co
lo
r
s
ca
le
v
alu
es
with
o
il
d
eg
r
a
d
atio
n
lev
els.
T
h
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
s
u
ch
a
s
y
s
tem
i
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
g
a
p
th
at
th
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
f
ill.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
ac
tu
all
y
in
l
in
e
with
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
u
s
in
g
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
wh
ich
o
n
ly
d
if
f
er
in
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
C
o
lo
r
s
en
s
o
r
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
s
ev
e
r
al
p
o
r
ta
b
le
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
b
ased
o
n
co
lo
r
d
etec
tio
n
,
b
u
t
ar
e
n
o
t
u
s
ed
to
d
etec
t
th
e
co
lo
r
o
f
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
b
u
t
r
ath
er
to
d
etec
t
o
il
p
alm
f
r
u
it
b
u
n
c
h
es,
ch
o
lest
er
o
l
lev
els
o
r
p
esti
cid
e
an
d
v
eter
in
ar
y
d
r
u
g
r
esid
u
es
[
3
1
]
.
s
ter
o
l
lev
els
o
r
p
esti
cid
e
an
d
v
eter
in
ar
y
d
r
u
g
r
e
s
i
d
u
e
s
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
c
o
l
o
r
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
t
o
o
l
d
es
i
g
n
e
d
b
y
o
t
h
e
r
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
u
s
es
a
n
U
l
tr
a
v
i
o
l
e
t
-
B
l
u
e
L
as
e
r
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
c
a
p
a
b
l
e
o
f
d
e
t
e
ct
i
n
g
th
e
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
c
o
n
f
i
d
e
n
c
e
i
n
t
e
r
v
als
[
3
3
]
a
n
d
a
l
s
o
u
t
il
i
z
es
u
l
t
r
a
v
io
l
e
t
-
to
-
v
i
s
i
b
l
e
(
UV
-
V
i
s
)
s
p
ec
t
r
o
s
c
o
p
y
t
o
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
C
o
l
o
r
I
n
d
e
x
[
3
4
]
.
F
u
t
u
r
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
c
o
u
l
d
e
x
p
a
n
d
o
n
t
h
e
s
e
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
b
y
e
m
p
l
o
y
i
n
g
m
o
r
e
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
o
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
c
a
li
b
r
a
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
as
e
a
c
c
u
r
ac
y
an
d
s
e
n
s
it
i
v
i
t
y
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
a
n
d
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
d
a
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
o
d
e
t
e
c
t
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
o
i
l
d
e
g
r
a
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