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ticle
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2
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p
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m
(VRP)
m
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t
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n
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in
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th
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y
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n
d
e
ffe
c
ti
v
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n
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ss
o
f
lo
g
isti
c
s d
e
li
v
e
ry
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
o
u
n
tr
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
L
o
g
is
tic
d
eliv
er
y
R
ec
en
t to
p
ic
T
r
en
d
s
r
esear
ch
Veh
icle
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
b
lem
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Mu
h
am
m
ad
K
h
ah
f
i Z
u
h
an
d
a
I
n
f
o
r
m
atics E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
Stu
d
y
Pro
g
r
am
,
Facu
lty
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
er
in
g
,
Un
iv
e
r
s
itas
Me
d
an
Ar
ea
Stre
et
o
f
Ko
lam
Nu
m
b
er
1
,
Me
d
an
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail: k
h
ah
f
i@
s
taf
f
.
u
m
a.
ac
.
i
d
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
th
e
lo
g
is
tics
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
f
r
eig
h
t
f
o
r
war
d
in
g
an
d
r
o
u
te
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
ar
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
asp
e
cts
[
1
]
-
[
3
]
.
Op
er
atio
n
al
e
f
f
icien
cy
in
lo
g
is
tics
d
eliv
er
y
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
b
en
ef
its
,
in
clu
d
in
g
co
s
t
s
av
in
g
s
[
4
]
,
in
cr
ea
s
ed
cu
s
to
m
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
[
5
]
-
[
8
]
,
a
n
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
[
9
]
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
n
ee
d
to
an
aly
ze
an
d
m
o
d
el
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
d
ata
r
elate
d
t
o
t
h
e
v
eh
icle
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
b
lem
(
VR
P)
m
o
d
el
in
lo
g
is
tics
d
eliv
er
y
to
in
c
r
ea
s
e
th
is
ef
f
icien
cy
in
an
al
y
zin
g
liter
a
tu
r
e.
B
ib
lio
m
etr
ics
is
an
an
aly
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
t
h
at
u
s
es
d
ata
an
d
s
tatis
tical
m
eth
o
d
s
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
an
d
an
al
y
ze
s
cien
tific
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
[
1
0
]
.
So
m
u
ch
r
esear
ch
is
r
elate
d
t
o
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ics
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
an
aly
zin
g
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
y
with
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
co
r
o
n
av
ir
u
s
d
is
e
ase
2
0
1
9
(
C
OVI
D
-
19
)
[
1
1
]
,
r
ev
iewin
g
t
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
s
o
il
ag
r
icu
ltu
r
e
[
1
2
]
,
lo
o
k
in
g
at
v
i
ews
o
n
s
o
cial
co
m
m
er
ce
a
n
d
p
u
r
ch
ase
in
te
n
tio
n
[
1
3
]
p
r
o
g
r
ess
elec
tr
o
ch
em
ical
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
tetr
ac
y
clin
e
an
tib
io
tics
[
1
4
]
,
an
aly
s
is
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
d
en
tal
jo
u
r
n
al
[1
5]
,
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ics in
h
ea
lth
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
we
u
s
ed
th
e
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ix
p
ac
k
a
g
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
R
Stu
d
io
.
I
n
its
u
s
e,
it
r
e
q
u
ir
es
d
at
a
ex
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
s
cien
tific
p
u
b
licatio
n
d
atab
ases
s
u
ch
as
Sco
p
u
s
[
1
8
]
-
[
2
0
]
,
W
eb
o
f
Scien
ce
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
B
ib
lio
metric a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f m
o
d
el
ve
h
icle
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
b
lem
…
(
Mu
h
a
mma
d
K
h
a
h
fi Zu
h
a
n
d
a
)
591
Dim
en
s
io
n
s
[
2
3
]
,
Pu
b
Me
d
[
2
4
]
,
L
e
n
s
.
o
r
g
[
2
5
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
I
n
co
l
lectin
g
an
d
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
b
i
b
lio
m
etr
ic
d
ata,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
co
llect
b
ib
lio
m
et
r
ic
d
ata
r
elev
an
t
to
th
e
VR
P
m
o
d
el
in
lo
g
is
tics
d
eliv
er
y
.
T
h
is
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
tex
t
f
iles
,
C
SV
f
iles
,
o
r
d
ata
f
r
o
m
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
d
ata
b
ases
s
u
ch
as
W
eb
o
f
Scien
ce
o
r
Sco
p
u
s
.
N
ex
t,
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
e
d
ata
to
clea
n
an
d
p
r
e
p
ar
e
th
e
d
ata
to
s
u
it th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
an
aly
s
i
s
[
2
7
]
.
Af
ter
r
ev
iewin
g
a
n
d
s
u
m
m
ar
i
zin
g
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
r
esear
ch
n
ee
d
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
VR
P
m
o
d
el
in
th
e
lo
g
is
tics
s
ec
to
r
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
d
o
n
e.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
g
ai
n
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
an
d
d
etailed
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
f
u
t
u
r
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d
ir
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ti
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n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
VR
P
m
o
d
el
in
th
e
lo
g
is
tics
s
ec
to
r
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
a
liter
at
u
r
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
m
a
p
p
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
to
a
n
aly
ze
th
e
VR
P
s
y
s
tem
as
a
wh
o
le.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
u
s
es liter
atu
r
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase,
in
clu
d
in
g
2
,
0
0
0
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
7
t
o
2
0
2
3
.
I
n
lo
g
is
tics
d
eliv
er
y
,
b
i
b
lio
m
e
tr
ics
aim
s
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
l
atest
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
,
tr
en
d
s
,
a
n
d
p
atter
n
s
in
th
e
s
cien
tific
liter
atu
r
e
r
e
lated
to
th
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
VR
P
in
lo
g
is
tic
s
ca
s
e
s
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
co
llected
ab
o
u
t
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
co
n
ce
p
ts
an
d
m
eth
o
d
s
in
m
o
d
elin
g
lo
g
is
tics
s
h
ip
p
in
g
r
o
u
tes,
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
es
an
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
u
s
ed
,
an
d
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
f
lu
en
tial
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
cited
r
elate
d
p
u
b
lic
atio
n
s
.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
s
cie
n
tific
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
in
th
is
ar
ea
an
d
h
elp
id
en
tify
r
esear
ch
g
ap
s
th
a
t c
o
u
ld
b
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
.
T
h
e
aim
s
o
f
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
wer
e
to
(
i
)
tr
e
n
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
V
R
P
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
in
th
e
lo
g
is
tics
co
n
tex
t,
(
ii
)
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
co
u
n
tr
ies
to
VR
P
r
esear
ch
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
lo
g
is
tics
,
(
iii
)
an
aly
ze
tr
en
d
s
in
em
er
g
in
g
r
esear
c
h
to
p
ics
in
th
e
VR
P
li
ter
atu
r
e,
an
d
(
iv
)
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
r
elev
a
n
t
jo
u
r
n
als
i
n
th
e
f
ield
o
f
VR
P
m
o
d
els
with
in
lo
g
is
tics
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
will
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
m
p
lete
an
d
ac
cu
r
ate
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
n
VR
P
r
esear
ch
in
th
e
last
1
6
y
ea
r
s
,
ass
is
t
n
ew
r
esear
ch
er
s
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
f
ield
,
a
n
d
e
n
co
u
r
ag
e
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
VR
P
m
o
d
el
r
esear
ch
i
n
lo
g
is
tics
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Da
t
a
e
x
t
ra
ct
i
o
n
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
u
tili
ze
d
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase
to
g
ath
er
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
th
e
VR
P
m
o
d
els
in
lo
g
is
tics
.
A
s
ea
r
ch
was
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
th
e
k
e
y
wo
r
d
“
VR
P
lo
g
is
tics
m
o
d
el
”
in
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase.
On
ly
ar
ticles
an
d
r
ev
iews
wer
e
s
elec
ted
as
r
elev
an
t
d
o
c
u
m
en
t
ty
p
es.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
c
h
was
lim
ited
to
th
e
p
e
r
io
d
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
7
to
2
0
2
3
.
Af
ter
co
m
p
letin
g
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
2
,
0
0
0
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
th
at
m
et
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
cr
iter
ia
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
.
T
h
e
s
ea
r
ch
r
esu
lts
wer
e
s
av
ed
in
a
.
csv
f
ile
f
o
r
m
at
c
o
n
tai
n
in
g
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
b
o
u
t
ea
ch
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t,
in
c
lu
d
in
g
titl
e,
ab
s
tr
ac
t,
au
th
o
r
,
y
ea
r
o
f
p
u
b
lic
atio
n
,
an
d
m
o
r
e
.
T
h
e
.
csv
f
ile
f
o
r
m
at
f
ac
ilit
ates
f
u
r
th
er
d
ata
a
n
aly
s
is
an
d
p
r
o
c
ess
in
g
.
W
ith
th
is
d
ata,
r
esear
ch
er
s
ca
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
is
,
clu
s
ter
in
g
,
an
d
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
to
g
ain
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
VR
P
m
o
d
el
an
d
its
s
o
lv
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
with
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
lo
g
is
tical
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
Utilizin
g
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
v
id
es
ac
ce
s
s
to
v
ar
io
u
s
s
cien
tific
jo
u
r
n
als
an
d
r
elate
d
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
en
a
b
lin
g
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
th
e
latest
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
an
d
tr
en
d
s
in
VR
P r
esear
ch
in
lo
g
i
s
tics
[
1
8
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
2
.
2
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
tr
en
d
in
an
n
u
al
s
cien
tific
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
was
an
aly
ze
d
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
g
r
o
wth
an
d
f
l
u
ctu
atio
n
s
in
VR
P
-
r
elate
d
r
esear
ch
o
v
er
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
tim
ef
r
am
e.
T
h
is
in
v
o
lv
ed
v
is
u
alizin
g
th
e
d
at
a
u
s
in
g
g
r
ap
h
s
an
d
id
en
tify
in
g
k
ey
p
atter
n
s
,
in
c
lu
d
in
g
n
o
tab
le
s
u
r
g
es
o
r
d
e
clin
es
in
p
u
b
licatio
n
c
o
u
n
ts
.
T
h
e
g
e
o
g
r
ap
h
ical
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
VR
P
-
r
elate
d
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
was
in
v
esti
g
ated
to
id
en
tify
th
e
lead
in
g
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
.
Me
tr
ics
s
u
ch
as
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
ar
ticles,
m
o
s
t
cited
p
ap
er
r
atio
(
MCP
r
atio
)
[
2
8
]
,
an
d
s
elf
-
citatio
n
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
(
SC
P)
[
2
9
]
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
i
v
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
ea
c
h
co
u
n
tr
y
’
s
r
esear
ch
im
p
ac
t.
T
h
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
as
s
o
ciate
d
with
VR
P
r
esear
ch
to
p
i
cs
was
an
aly
ze
d
o
v
er
tim
e
t
o
id
en
tif
y
tr
en
d
s
.
T
h
is
i
n
v
o
lv
e
d
tr
ac
k
in
g
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
s
p
ec
if
ic
t
er
m
s
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
ev
o
l
v
in
g
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
.
Key
jo
u
r
n
als
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
VR
P
m
o
d
els
with
in
lo
g
is
tics
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ar
ticles
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
.
T
h
is
an
al
y
s
is
aim
ed
to
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
s
th
at
r
esear
ch
er
s
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
c
h
o
s
e
f
o
r
d
is
s
em
in
atin
g
th
eir
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
T
o
g
ain
a
d
ee
p
e
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
r
esear
ch
to
p
ics,
a
n
etwo
r
k
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
an
aly
s
is
was
c
o
n
d
u
cte
d
[
30]
.
T
h
is
in
v
o
l
v
ed
clu
s
ter
in
g
to
p
ics
b
ased
o
n
t
h
eir
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
p
atter
n
s
,
lead
in
g
to
th
e
id
en
ti
f
icatio
n
o
f
d
is
tin
ct
th
em
atic
c
lu
s
ter
s
.
A
wo
r
d
clo
u
d
was
g
e
n
er
ated
to
v
is
u
ally
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
m
o
s
t
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
u
s
ed
wo
r
d
s
in
VR
P
-
r
elate
d
ar
ticle
ab
s
tr
ac
ts
.
T
h
i
s
an
aly
s
i
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
th
em
es
an
d
e
m
p
h
ases
with
in
th
e
VR
P
an
d
lo
g
is
tics
r
esear
ch
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
VR
P
r
esear
ch
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
co
u
n
tr
ies
was
ass
e
s
s
ed
b
ased
o
n
t
o
tal
citatio
n
co
u
n
ts
an
d
av
er
ag
e
ar
ticle
citatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
in
v
o
lv
ed
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
in
g
b
etwe
en
th
e
h
ig
h
est
to
tal
citatio
n
s
an
d
th
e
h
ig
h
est
av
er
a
g
e
ar
ticle
citatio
n
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
a
n
u
an
ce
d
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
r
esear
ch
in
f
lu
en
ce
.
T
h
e
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
d
ata
is
an
aly
ze
d
to
id
e
n
tify
v
ar
io
u
s
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
in
d
icato
r
s
.
T
h
is
in
clu
d
es
an
aly
zin
g
p
u
b
licatio
n
tr
en
d
s
,
c
o
u
n
tr
y
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
tr
e
n
d
in
g
to
p
ics,
r
elev
an
t so
u
r
ce
s
,
an
d
ci
tatio
n
an
aly
s
is
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
37
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
25
:
590
-
6
0
0
592
2
.
2
.
1
.
P
ub
lica
t
io
n
t
re
nd
s
T
h
e
tr
en
d
in
an
n
u
al
s
cien
tific
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
was a
n
aly
ze
d
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
g
r
o
wth
a
n
d
f
lu
ct
u
atio
n
s
in
VR
P
-
r
elate
d
r
esear
ch
o
v
er
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
tim
ef
r
am
e.
T
h
is
in
v
o
lv
e
d
v
is
u
alizin
g
th
e
d
ata
u
s
in
g
g
r
ap
h
s
an
d
id
en
tify
in
g
k
ey
p
atter
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
n
o
tab
le
s
u
r
g
es o
r
d
ec
lin
e
s
in
p
u
b
licatio
n
c
o
u
n
ts
[
3
1
]
.
_
(
)
=
∑
(
=
)
=
1
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
Kr
o
n
ec
k
e
r
d
elta,
is
th
e
y
ea
r
o
f
th
e
i
-
th
p
u
b
licat
io
n
,
an
d
y
is
th
e
y
ea
r
o
f
in
ter
e
s
t.
2
.
2
.
2
.
Co
un
t
ry
c
o
ntr
ibu
t
io
ns
T
h
e
g
e
o
g
r
ap
h
ical
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
VR
P
-
r
elate
d
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
was
in
v
esti
g
ated
to
id
e
n
tify
t
h
e
lead
in
g
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
.
Me
tr
ics
s
u
ch
as
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ar
ticles,
MCP
r
atio
[
2
8
]
,
a
n
d
SC
P
[
2
9
]
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
e
ac
h
co
u
n
tr
y
’
s
r
esear
ch
im
p
ac
t.
_
(
)
=
∑
δ
(
=
)
=
1
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
o
f
th
e
i
-
th
p
u
b
licatio
n
,
an
d
c
is
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
o
f
in
ter
est.
T
h
e
MCP
r
atio
is
ca
lcu
lated
as:
=
/
(
3
)
T
o
d
eter
m
in
e
MCP
s
,
we
co
u
n
t p
u
b
licatio
n
s
with
au
th
o
r
s
f
r
o
m
m
u
ltip
le
co
u
n
tr
ies:
=
∑
(
_
(
)
>
1
)
=
1
(
4
)
wh
er
e
_
(
)
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
is
tin
ct
co
u
n
tr
ies ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
i
-
th
p
u
b
licatio
n
.
2
.
2
.
3
.
T
re
nd
ing
t
o
pics
T
o
id
en
tify
tr
en
d
i
n
g
to
p
ics,
we
an
aly
ze
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
V
R
P
r
esear
ch
to
p
ics o
v
er
tim
e
[
3
2
]
:
k
_
(
,
)
=
∑
δ
(
∈
(
)
∧
=
)
=
1
(
5
)
wh
er
e
is
a
k
ey
wo
r
d
,
a
n
d
y
is
th
e
y
ea
r
.
T
r
en
d
in
g
to
p
ics ar
e
id
e
n
tifie
d
b
y
s
ig
n
if
ican
t in
c
r
ea
s
es in
k
ey
wo
r
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
v
er
r
ec
e
n
t y
e
ar
s
:
_
=
{
|
_
(
,
)
}
(
6
)
2
.
2
.
4
.
Rele
v
a
nt
s
o
urce
s
T
o
an
aly
ze
r
elev
an
t so
u
r
ce
s
,
we
co
u
n
t th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
p
er
jo
u
r
n
al
[
3
3
]
:
_
(
)
=
∑
(
=
)
=
1
(
7
)
wh
er
e
is
th
e
jo
u
r
n
al
o
f
th
e
i
-
t
h
p
u
b
licatio
n
,
an
d
j is th
e
jo
u
r
n
al
o
f
in
ter
est.
2
.
2
.
5
.
Cit
a
t
io
n
a
na
l
y
s
is
Fo
r
citatio
n
an
aly
s
is
,
we
co
m
p
u
te
k
e
y
m
etr
ics
s
u
ch
as
t
o
tal
citatio
n
co
u
n
t
(
T
C
C
)
an
d
h
-
in
d
ex
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
VR
P
r
esear
ch
f
r
o
m
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
was
ass
es
s
ed
b
ased
o
n
to
tal
citatio
n
co
u
n
ts
an
d
av
e
r
ag
e
a
r
ticle
citatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
in
v
o
lv
e
d
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
in
g
b
etwe
en
th
e
h
ig
h
est
to
tal
citat
io
n
s
an
d
t
h
e
h
ig
h
est
av
er
ag
e
ar
ticle
citatio
n
s
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
a
n
u
an
ce
d
u
n
d
er
s
t
an
d
in
g
o
f
r
esear
ch
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
[
3
4
]
.
=
∑
=
1
(
8
)
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
citatio
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
-
th
p
u
b
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
h
-
in
d
ex
is
ca
lcu
l
ated
as
(
9
)
.
ℎ
=
ma
x
{
ℎ
|
ℎ
ℎ
ℎ
}
(
9
)
2
.
3
.
Da
t
a
v
is
ua
liza
t
io
n
T
o
f
ac
ilit
ate
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
,
th
e
a
n
aly
ze
d
d
ata
is
v
is
u
alize
d
u
s
in
g
p
lo
ts
a
n
d
ch
a
r
ts
.
T
h
ese
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
s
h
elp
in
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
tr
en
d
s
,
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
an
d
im
p
ac
t
in
a
m
o
r
e
in
tu
itiv
e
m
an
n
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
B
ib
lio
metric a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f m
o
d
el
ve
h
icle
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
b
lem
…
(
Mu
h
a
mma
d
K
h
a
h
fi Zu
h
a
n
d
a
)
593
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
a
n
etwo
r
k
co
-
o
c
cu
r
r
en
ce
an
al
y
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
id
en
tify
d
is
tin
ct
th
em
ati
c
clu
s
ter
s
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
p
atter
n
s
[
3
0
]
.
A
wo
r
d
clo
u
d
was
g
e
n
er
a
ted
to
v
is
u
ally
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
m
o
s
t
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
u
s
ed
wo
r
d
s
in
VR
P
-
r
elate
d
ar
ticle
ab
s
tr
ac
ts
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
th
em
es
an
d
e
m
p
h
ases
with
in
th
e
VR
P a
n
d
lo
g
is
tics
r
esear
ch
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Annu
a
l scient
if
ic
p
ub
lic
a
t
io
ns
T
h
e
d
ata
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase,
with
2
,
0
0
0
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
d
o
wn
lo
ad
e
d
in
.
csv
f
o
r
m
at.
T
h
e
d
ata
was
co
llected
u
s
in
g
th
e
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
“
v
eh
icle,
”
“
r
o
u
tin
g
,
”
“
p
r
o
b
lem
,
”
“
m
o
d
el,
”
a
n
d
“
lo
g
is
tics
”
.
T
h
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
p
er
io
d
s
p
a
n
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
7
t
o
2
0
2
3
,
an
d
th
e
co
llectio
n
was
f
in
alize
d
o
n
Ma
y
2
4
,
2
0
2
3
as
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Gr
a
p
h
p
r
esen
ts
a
g
r
a
p
h
d
ep
ictin
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
7
to
2
0
2
3
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
a
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
p
u
b
li
ca
tio
n
s
o
v
er
th
e
y
ea
r
s
.
Star
tin
g
with
2
0
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
in
2
0
0
7
,
th
e
co
u
n
t stead
ily
r
is
e
s
to
2
5
0
in
2
0
2
1
an
d
2
7
0
in
2
0
2
2
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
g
r
o
wth
tr
en
d
in
ter
m
s
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
o
u
tp
u
t.
No
ta
b
ly
,
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
u
r
g
e
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
e
r
v
ed
b
etwe
en
2
0
1
7
an
d
2
0
2
2
,
wh
er
e
th
e
c
o
u
n
t
ju
m
p
s
f
r
o
m
1
0
7
to
2
7
0
.
T
h
is
p
er
io
d
lik
ely
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
p
er
io
d
o
f
h
ei
g
h
ten
ed
r
esear
ch
in
ter
est an
d
ac
tiv
ity
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
y
ea
r
s
,
th
er
e
h
av
e
b
ee
n
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
in
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
.
Fo
r
in
s
t
an
ce
,
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
3
to
2
0
1
6
,
th
e
co
u
n
t
r
em
ai
n
s
r
elativ
ely
s
tab
le,
r
an
g
in
g
b
etwe
en
9
1
an
d
9
9
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
i
n
2
0
1
7
,
th
e
r
e
was
a
s
h
ar
p
in
cr
ea
s
e
to
1
0
7
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
s
p
ik
e
in
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
y
ea
r
s
.
T
h
e
y
ea
r
2
0
2
3
r
ea
c
h
es
a
p
ea
k
with
2
7
0
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
i
n
d
ic
at
in
g
an
i
n
ten
s
if
ied
lev
el
o
f
r
es
ea
r
ch
d
u
r
in
g
th
at
p
er
i
o
d
.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
illu
s
tr
ates
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
g
r
o
wth
tr
ajec
to
r
y
in
VR
P
-
r
elate
d
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
with
n
o
ta
b
le
in
cr
ea
s
es
o
b
s
er
v
ed
i
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
.
T
h
is
s
ig
n
if
ies
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
s
ig
n
if
ic
an
ce
an
d
in
ter
est
in
VR
P
r
esear
ch
in
lo
g
is
tics
.
T
h
e
f
lu
ct
u
atio
n
s
in
p
u
b
licatio
n
co
u
n
ts
r
ef
lect
v
a
r
y
in
g
lev
els o
f
r
esear
ch
ac
tiv
ity
a
n
d
f
o
cu
s
d
u
r
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t p
er
io
d
s
.
3
.
2
.
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
t
he
c
o
un
t
ry
t
ha
t
pro
du
ce
d t
he
pu
bl
ica
t
io
n
C
h
in
a
h
as th
e
m
o
s
t a
r
ticles r
elate
d
to
th
e
lo
g
is
tics
VR
P m
o
d
el,
with
2
,
8
4
5
ar
ticles b
ased
o
n
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
C
h
in
a
’
s
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
r
esear
ch
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
l
o
g
is
tics
VR
P
m
o
d
els.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
s
ev
er
al
o
th
er
co
u
n
tr
ies
also
m
ad
e
n
o
tab
l
e
r
esear
ch
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
Un
ited
States
(
3
4
0
ar
ticles),
I
r
an
(
2
8
9
ar
ticles),
an
d
T
u
r
k
e
y
(
2
2
7
ar
ticles).
T
h
ese
co
u
n
tr
ies
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
ac
tiv
e
en
g
ag
em
en
t
in
r
esear
ch
r
elate
d
to
th
e
lo
g
is
tics
VR
P m
o
d
el.
I
n
E
u
r
o
p
e,
s
ev
er
al
co
u
n
tr
ies
ex
h
ib
it
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
s
to
lo
g
is
tics
VR
P
m
o
d
els
as
c
an
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
ese
in
clu
d
e
I
taly
(
1
8
6
ar
ticles),
Fra
n
ce
(
1
7
4
ar
ticles),
Ger
m
a
n
y
(
1
7
4
ar
ticles),
an
d
t
h
e
Neth
er
lan
d
s
(
6
0
ar
ticles).
T
h
e
s
e
co
u
n
tr
ies
in
d
icate
t
h
e
wid
e
s
p
r
ea
d
r
esear
ch
o
n
lo
g
is
tics
VR
P
m
o
d
els
ac
r
o
s
s
E
u
r
o
p
e
.
Dev
elo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
tr
ies
s
u
ch
as
I
n
d
ia
(
1
5
7
a
r
ticles),
B
r
az
il
(
1
1
5
a
r
ticles),
an
d
I
n
d
o
n
esia
(
9
7
ar
ticles)
also
s
h
o
w
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
r
esear
c
h
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
to
th
e
lo
g
is
tics
VR
P
m
o
d
el.
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I
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I
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
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E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
B
ib
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metric a
n
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ies
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ataset.
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h
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h
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r
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ata
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o
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o
n
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
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tio
n
o
f
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r
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ch
f
r
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m
co
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n
tr
ies
s
u
ch
as
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m
an
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,
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taly
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s
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n
d
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h
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d
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n
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ti
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th
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ies.
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ased
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ig
u
r
e
3
,
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h
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a
h
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e
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ig
h
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n
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m
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er
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f
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s
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4
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s
,
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o
llo
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h
e
Un
ited
States
(
3
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citatio
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s
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d
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r
a
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1
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7
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o
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s
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.
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h
is
s
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g
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ests
th
at
r
esear
ch
o
r
ig
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atin
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f
r
o
m
th
ese
co
u
n
tr
ies
h
as
r
ec
eiv
ed
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ig
n
i
f
ican
t
r
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g
n
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n
an
d
in
f
l
u
en
ce
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
VR
P
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esear
ch
.
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,
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d
if
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e
n
t
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atter
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em
e
r
g
es
w
h
en
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n
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id
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in
g
th
e
a
v
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e
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ticle
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s
p
er
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o
u
n
tr
y
.
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n
g
Ko
n
g
h
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th
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ig
h
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cite
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m
th
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ies
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t
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te
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r
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e
citatio
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ticle
d
esp
ite
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lo
we
r
to
tal
citatio
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co
u
n
t.
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lig
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ts
th
at
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e
n
u
m
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f
citatio
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s
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ly
s
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m
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lects
th
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in
f
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o
r
r
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g
n
itio
n
ea
ch
ar
ticle
r
ec
ei
v
es.
T
h
e
d
ata
also
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e
v
ea
l
v
a
r
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n
s
in
th
e
im
p
a
ct
o
f
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P
r
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ac
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s
s
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if
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ies.
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ies
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ch
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,
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n
g
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g
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an
d
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an
ad
a
h
av
e
h
i
g
h
av
er
a
g
e
ar
ticle
citatio
n
co
u
n
ts
,
in
d
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th
at
th
eir
r
esear
ch
h
as
g
a
r
n
er
e
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
an
d
citatio
n
s
with
in
th
e
VR
P r
esear
ch
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
.
3
.
3
.
Ana
ly
s
is
o
f
t
he
t
re
nd
ing
t
o
pics
T
h
e
d
ata
in
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ab
le
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p
r
o
v
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es
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s
ig
h
ts
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tr
en
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g
t
o
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ics.
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t
h
e
tab
le,
f
r
e
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u
en
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o
f
to
p
ics
o
f
m
ath
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atica
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m
o
d
els
in
VR
P
r
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ch
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ased
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n
k
ey
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r
d
s
h
as
s
h
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wn
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cr
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s
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g
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en
d
s
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ce
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0
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,
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ea
ch
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g
its
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ea
k
in
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0
1
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b
s
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tly
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th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
h
as
g
r
a
d
u
ally
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
.
T
h
e
u
til
izatio
n
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
s
in
VR
P
r
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ch
h
as
s
tead
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is
en
s
in
ce
2
0
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0
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ea
k
i
n
g
in
2
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.
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te
r
th
at,
th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
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o
f
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
h
as
s
h
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wn
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d
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lin
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g
tr
en
d
.
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r
k
r
o
u
tin
g
in
VR
P
r
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ch
h
as
ex
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a
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n
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is
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t
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e
s
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ce
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,
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ch
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ter
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at,
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r
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d
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h
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ith
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e
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O
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T
h
e
to
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ic
o
f
l
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tics
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as
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h
o
wn
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r
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g
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en
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f
r
e
q
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en
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ce
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ea
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g
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k
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Fo
llo
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h
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t,
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r
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cy
h
as
r
em
ain
e
d
r
elativ
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s
tab
le.
Op
tim
izatio
n
to
p
ics
in
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P
r
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h
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o
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e
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en
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ea
ch
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g
a
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h
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h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
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tr
o
n
g
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ter
est
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o
p
tim
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P
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o
lu
tio
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th
r
o
u
g
h
v
ar
io
u
s
o
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t
im
izatio
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m
eth
o
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s
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Veh
icle
r
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tin
g
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e
d
s
ig
n
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p
r
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b
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tial
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cy
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atin
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ig
n
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ies
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o
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o
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o
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ef
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icien
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s
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v
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icles.
T
h
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r
eq
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en
c
y
o
f
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ec
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io
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m
ak
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en
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i
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in
Fig
u
r
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5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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52
I
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d
o
n
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J
E
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E
n
g
&
C
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m
p
Sci
,
Vo
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37
,
No
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1
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J
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20
25
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596
Op
tim
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in
cr
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2
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u
r
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4
.
Netwo
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Fig
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4
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ter
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ely
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e
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ee
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d
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o
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tim
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r
o
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an
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o
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r
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o
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ly
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o
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R
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s
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ter
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ay
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ate
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ly
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ain
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y
s
tem
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en
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ass
in
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e
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lan
n
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n
d
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y
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en
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h
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ter
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r
etatio
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id
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iew
o
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to
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ics
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o
ciate
d
with
th
e
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d
is
tin
ct
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s
ter
s
,
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ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
d
i
f
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er
en
t
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e
s
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in
th
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d
y
o
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tical
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s
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es.
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ter
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to
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o
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ce
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tes
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g
r
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n
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tics
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wh
ile
clu
s
ter
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en
co
m
p
ass
es
a
b
r
o
ad
er
s
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ec
tr
u
m
o
f
l
o
g
is
tics
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t a
s
p
ec
ts
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
d
clo
u
d
in
F
ig
u
r
e
5
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
wo
r
d
s
th
at
ap
p
ea
r
m
o
s
t
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
in
a
r
t
icle
ab
s
tr
ac
ts
r
elate
d
to
VR
P
an
d
lo
g
is
tics
.
W
o
r
d
s
th
at
s
tan
d
o
u
t
in
clu
d
e
“
m
o
d
el,
”
i
n
d
icatin
g
t
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
u
s
in
g
m
o
d
els
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
as
well
as
“
v
eh
icle
”
an
d
“
r
o
u
tin
g
”
,
wh
ich
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
clo
s
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
VR
P
an
d
v
eh
icle
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
an
d
r
o
u
te
p
lan
n
i
n
g
.
T
h
e
wo
r
d
“
alg
o
r
ith
m
”
also
s
tan
d
s
o
u
t,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
alg
o
r
ith
m
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
in
s
o
lv
in
g
VR
P
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
“
lo
g
is
tics
”
an
d
“
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
”
f
o
cu
s
o
n
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
m
an
ag
em
en
t a
n
d
d
eliv
e
r
y
o
f
g
o
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
asp
ec
t o
f
tim
e
is
al
s
o
a
co
n
ce
r
n
,
alo
n
g
with
th
e
wo
r
d
“
tim
e
”
,
wh
ich
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
im
p
o
r
t
an
ce
o
f
esti
m
atin
g
d
eliv
e
r
y
t
im
es
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
.
W
o
r
d
s
s
u
ch
as
“
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
”
,
“
d
eliv
er
y
,
”
an
d
“
co
s
t
”
in
d
icate
r
esear
ch
o
n
m
o
d
el
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
d
eliv
er
y
o
f
g
o
o
d
s
,
an
d
co
s
t
as
p
ec
ts
in
th
e
c
o
n
tex
t
o
f
VR
P
an
d
lo
g
is
tics
.
Alto
g
eth
er
,
th
is
wo
r
d
clo
u
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
m
ain
to
p
ics
r
esear
ch
ed
an
d
ca
r
ed
f
o
r
i
n
th
e
VR
P
an
d
lo
g
is
tics
f
ield
s
.
Mo
s
t
r
elev
an
ce
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
jo
u
r
n
al
in
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
VR
P c
an
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
n
o
v
er
v
ie
w
o
f
r
elev
an
t
jo
u
r
n
als
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
VR
P
m
o
d
els
with
in
lo
g
is
tics
,
alo
n
g
with
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
a
r
ticles
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
ea
ch
.
L
e
ctu
r
e
n
o
tes
in
co
m
p
u
ter
s
cien
ce
(
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
s
u
b
s
er
ies
lectu
r
e
n
o
tes
in
a
r
t
if
icial
in
tellig
en
ce
an
d
lectu
r
e
n
o
tes
in
b
i
o
in
f
o
r
m
atics
)
s
tan
d
s
o
u
t
with
t
h
e
h
ig
h
est
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ar
ticles,
to
talin
g
4
9
.
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
p
u
b
lis
h
es
r
esear
ch
i
n
c
o
m
p
u
te
r
s
cie
n
ce
,
en
c
o
m
p
ass
in
g
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
an
d
b
io
i
n
f
o
r
m
atics.
W
ith
4
5
ar
ticles,
co
m
p
u
ter
s
a
n
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
ap
p
ly
in
g
co
m
p
u
ter
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
in
in
d
u
s
tr
y
a
n
d
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
e
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
co
v
er
in
g
to
p
ics
s
u
ch
as
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ai
n
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
lan
n
in
g
.
Similar
ly
,
th
e
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
jo
u
r
n
al
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
al
r
esear
c
h
also
f
ea
tu
r
es
4
5
ar
ticles
an
d
e
x
p
lo
r
es
o
p
e
r
atio
n
al
r
esear
ch
a
n
d
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
an
aly
s
is
m
eth
o
d
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
B
ib
lio
metric a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f m
o
d
el
ve
h
icle
r
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tin
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p
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Mu
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K
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fi Zu
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597
co
m
p
lex
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.
T
o
p
ics
c
o
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er
ed
i
n
clu
d
e
m
at
h
em
atica
l
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
lin
ea
r
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
,
r
is
k
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al
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s
is
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d
d
ec
is
i
on
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m
a
k
in
g
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E
x
p
er
t
s
y
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tem
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wi
th
ap
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licatio
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co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
4
1
ar
ticles
an
d
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
in
tellig
en
t
s
y
s
t
em
s
an
d
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
(
AI
)
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
d
o
m
ain
s
.
T
h
e
ar
ticles
in
th
is
jo
u
r
n
al
c
o
v
er
p
atter
n
r
ec
o
g
n
iti
o
n
,
n
atu
r
al
lan
g
u
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
,
a
n
d
AI
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
d
iv
er
s
e
in
d
u
s
tr
ies.
T
r
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
r
esear
ch
p
ar
t
E
:
lo
g
is
tic
s
an
d
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
r
ev
iew
co
m
p
r
is
es
4
0
ar
ticles
th
at
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
elv
e
in
to
l
o
g
is
tics
an
d
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
a
s
p
ec
ts
.
I
t
ex
am
in
es
t
o
p
ics
s
u
ch
as
o
p
tim
izin
g
s
h
ip
p
in
g
r
o
u
tes,
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
m
an
ag
em
en
t,
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
aly
s
is
,
an
d
th
e
l
atest
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
in
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Oth
er
n
o
ta
b
le
jo
u
r
n
als
lik
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
,
co
m
p
u
ter
s
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
s
r
esear
ch
,
an
n
als
o
f
o
p
er
a
tio
n
s
r
esear
ch
,
an
d
I
E
E
E
a
cc
ess
also
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
to
th
e
VR
P
a
n
d
lo
g
is
tics
m
o
d
els
d
o
m
ain
.
Ov
er
all,
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ef
lect
a
b
r
o
ad
r
esear
ch
in
ter
est
in
VR
P
an
d
l
o
g
is
tics
m
o
d
els,
f
o
c
u
s
in
g
o
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
o
p
tim
izatio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
,
in
tellig
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
,
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
an
al
y
s
is
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
lo
g
is
tics
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Mo
s
t
r
elev
a
n
t
s
o
u
r
ce
s
3
.
4
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ted
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
in
g
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
alu
a
b
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
i
n
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
VR
P
m
o
d
el
r
esear
ch
with
in
th
e
lo
g
is
tics
d
o
m
ain
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
co
v
er
s
v
ar
io
u
s
asp
ec
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
an
n
u
al
s
cien
tific
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
co
u
n
tr
ies
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
th
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
tr
e
n
d
in
g
to
p
ics
in
th
e
f
ield
,
an
d
r
elev
an
t
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
.
E
ac
h
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
co
n
t
r
ib
u
tes
t
o
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t st
ate
o
f
VR
P r
esear
ch
in
lo
g
is
tics
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
b
eg
in
s
b
y
a
n
aly
zin
g
th
e
tr
en
d
s
in
an
n
u
al
s
cien
tifi
c
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
r
elate
d
to
VR
P
m
o
d
els
in
lo
g
is
tics
.
T
h
e
d
ata,
co
llected
f
r
o
m
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase,
s
p
an
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
7
to
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
illu
s
tr
ates
a
co
n
s
is
ten
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
p
u
b
lic
atio
n
s
o
v
er
th
e
y
ea
r
s
,
with
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
s
u
r
g
e
b
etwe
e
n
2
0
1
7
a
n
d
2
0
2
2
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
a
p
er
io
d
o
f
h
eig
h
ten
ed
r
esear
ch
in
ter
est
an
d
ac
tiv
ity
.
T
h
e
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
in
p
u
b
licatio
n
co
u
n
ts
o
v
er
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
y
ea
r
s
r
ef
lect
v
ar
y
in
g
lev
els
o
f
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
a
n
d
ac
tiv
ity
d
u
r
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
e
r
io
d
s
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
tr
en
d
s
ig
n
if
ies th
e
g
r
o
win
g
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
a
n
d
in
ter
es
t in
VR
P r
esear
ch
with
in
th
e
lo
g
is
tics
d
o
m
ain
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
also
ex
a
m
in
es
th
e
co
u
n
t
r
ies
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
to
VR
P
r
esear
ch
in
lo
g
is
tics
.
C
h
in
a
em
er
g
es
as
a
d
o
m
in
a
n
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
o
r
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
e
Un
ited
States
,
I
r
an
,
an
d
T
u
r
k
ey
.
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
co
u
n
tr
ies
lik
e
I
taly
,
Fra
n
ce
,
Ger
m
an
y
,
an
d
th
e
Neth
er
lan
d
s
,
as
well
a
s
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
co
u
n
tr
ie
s
lik
e
I
n
d
ia,
B
r
az
il,
an
d
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
ac
tiv
e
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
i
n
VR
P
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
g
lo
b
al
i
n
ter
est
an
d
ex
ten
s
iv
e
r
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
c
ted
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
lo
g
is
tics
V
R
P
m
o
d
els.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
M
C
P
r
atio
an
d
SC
P
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
a
n
d
cit
atio
n
im
p
ac
t
o
f
r
esear
ch
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
co
u
n
tr
ies,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
o
f
d
i
f
f
er
en
t n
atio
n
s
’
r
esear
ch
o
u
tp
u
ts
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
d
elv
es
in
to
th
e
t
r
en
d
in
g
to
p
ics
with
in
VR
P
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
.
Ma
th
em
atica
l
m
o
d
els,
co
m
p
u
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
s
,
n
etwo
r
k
r
o
u
tin
g
,
r
o
u
tin
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
lo
g
is
tics
,
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
v
eh
icle
r
o
u
tin
g
,
d
ec
is
io
n
m
ak
in
g
,
s
en
s
itiv
ity
an
aly
s
is
,
an
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
ar
e
id
en
tifie
d
as si
g
n
if
ican
t to
p
ics.
T
h
e
tem
p
o
r
al
tr
e
n
d
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
ese
to
p
ics
ar
e
an
aly
ze
d
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
clea
r
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
ev
o
lv
in
g
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
o
v
er
th
e
y
ea
r
s
.
T
h
e
clu
s
ter
in
g
o
f
to
p
ics b
ased
o
n
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
two
d
is
tin
ct
clu
s
ter
s
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
lo
g
is
tics
-
r
elate
d
is
s
u
e
s
an
d
b
r
o
a
d
er
l
o
g
is
tics
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
asp
ec
ts
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
a
wo
r
d
clo
u
d
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
v
is
u
ally
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
m
o
s
t
f
r
eq
u
en
t
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
in
VR
P
an
d
lo
g
is
tics
r
esear
ch
,
s
h
ed
d
in
g
lig
h
t
o
n
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
th
em
es
an
d
ar
ea
s
o
f
e
m
p
h
asis
in
t
h
e
f
ield
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
also
id
en
t
if
ies
r
elev
an
t
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
VR
P
r
esear
ch
.
J
o
u
r
n
als
s
u
ch
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
37
,
No
.
1
,
J
an
u
ar
y
20
25
:
590
-
6
0
0
598
as
lectu
r
e
n
o
tes
in
co
m
p
u
ter
s
cien
ce
,
co
m
p
u
ter
s
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
jo
u
r
n
al
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
al
r
esear
ch
,
ex
p
e
r
t
s
y
s
tem
s
with
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
an
d
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tati
o
n
r
esear
ch
p
ar
t
E
:
l
o
g
is
tics
an
d
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
r
ev
iew
s
tan
d
o
u
t
as
k
e
y
p
latf
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
p
u
b
lis
h
in
g
r
esear
ch
i
n
th
e
f
ield
.
T
h
ese
jo
u
r
n
als
en
co
m
p
ass
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
to
p
ics,
f
r
o
m
co
m
p
u
ter
s
cien
ce
an
d
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
to
o
p
er
atio
n
al
r
esear
ch
an
d
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
in
tellig
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
t
h
e
in
ter
d
is
cip
li
n
ar
y
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
VR
P r
esear
ch
with
in
lo
g
is
tics
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
VR
P
m
o
d
el
r
esear
ch
in
th
e
lo
g
is
tics
d
o
m
ai
n
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
ed
li
g
h
t
o
n
th
e
tr
en
d
s
in
a
n
n
u
al
p
u
b
l
icatio
n
s
,
co
u
n
tr
ie
s
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
,
tr
e
n
d
in
g
to
p
ics,
a
n
d
r
elev
an
t
r
esear
ch
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
is
h
o
lis
ti
c
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
f
er
s
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
,
p
o
licy
m
ak
er
s
,
an
d
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
in
ter
ested
in
ad
v
an
cin
g
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
lo
g
is
tics
th
r
o
u
g
h
VR
P
m
o
d
els.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
lan
d
s
ca
p
e,
r
esear
ch
tr
en
d
s
,
a
n
d
ar
ea
s
o
f
f
o
cu
s
with
in
th
e
VR
P r
esear
ch
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
u
tili
ze
d
a
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
VR
P
m
o
d
el
with
in
th
e
lo
g
is
tics
d
eliv
er
y
co
n
tex
t.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
d
ata
was
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
as
e,
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
2
,
0
0
0
VR
P
-
r
elate
d
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
7
t
o
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
e
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
r
ev
ea
led
k
ey
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
r
esear
ch
tr
en
d
s
,
co
u
n
tr
y
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
an
d
d
o
m
in
a
n
t
to
p
ics
with
in
th
e
VR
P
r
esear
ch
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
a
n
aly
s
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
p
u
b
licatio
n
g
r
o
wth
,
with
a
n
o
tab
le
p
ea
k
b
etwe
en
2
0
1
7
a
n
d
2
0
2
2
.
C
h
in
a
em
er
g
ed
as
th
e
lead
in
g
co
n
t
r
ib
u
to
r
to
VR
P
r
esear
ch
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
e
Un
ited
States
,
I
r
an
,
an
d
o
th
er
ac
tiv
ely
e
n
g
ag
e
d
co
u
n
tr
ies.
Pr
o
m
in
en
t
to
p
ics
with
in
VR
P
r
esear
ch
e
n
co
m
p
ass
ed
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
els,
r
o
u
tin
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
o
p
tim
izatio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
es,
an
d
l
o
g
is
tics
-
r
elate
d
s
u
b
jects.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
n
etwo
r
k
c
o
-
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
a
n
aly
s
is
id
en
tifie
d
two
m
ain
clu
s
ter
s
.
C
lu
s
ter
1
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
o
n
s
p
ec
if
ic
lo
g
is
tics
i
s
s
u
es
s
u
ch
a
s
VR
P
,
r
ev
er
s
e
lo
g
is
tics
,
an
d
g
r
ee
n
lo
g
is
tics
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
C
lu
s
ter
2
em
p
h
asized
b
r
o
ad
e
r
lo
g
is
tics
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
asp
ec
ts
,
in
clu
d
in
g
lo
g
is
tics
,
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
an
d
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
.
J
o
u
r
n
als
s
u
ch
as
lectu
r
e
n
o
tes
in
c
o
m
p
u
ter
s
cien
ce
,
co
m
p
u
ter
s
an
d
in
d
u
s
tr
i
al
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
jo
u
r
n
al
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
al
r
esear
ch
,
an
d
e
x
p
er
t
s
y
s
tem
s
with
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ar
e
th
e
lead
i
n
g
p
la
tf
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
p
u
b
l
icatio
n
in
th
is
f
ield
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
en
h
an
ce
o
u
r
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
a
n
d
r
esear
ch
tr
ajec
to
r
y
with
in
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
VR
P.
T
h
ey
s
h
ed
lig
h
t
o
n
th
e
co
u
n
tr
ies
an
d
to
p
ics
th
at
g
ar
n
er
e
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
atten
tio
n
an
d
r
ese
ar
ch
ef
f
o
r
ts
.
T
h
ese
in
s
ig
h
ts
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
io
n
o
f
VR
P
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
en
d
ea
v
o
r
s
to
e
n
h
an
ce
lo
g
is
tics
d
eliv
er
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
is
wo
r
k
was
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
Un
iv
er
s
itas
Me
d
an
Ar
ea
an
d
th
e
Dir
ec
to
r
ate
Gen
e
r
al
o
f
Hig
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
C
u
ltu
r
e,
R
esear
ch
,
a
n
d
T
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
esia
[
Gr
an
t
Nu
m
b
e
r
:
1
0
3
/E5
/PG.0
2
.
0
0
.
PL/2
0
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
b
y
T
elk
o
m
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
,
wh
ich
h
as
b
ee
n
in
s
tr
u
m
en
tal
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
C
.
A
r
c
h
e
t
t
i
,
L.
P
e
i
r
a
n
o
,
a
n
d
M
.
G
.
S
p
e
r
a
n
z
a
,
“
O
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
m
u
l
t
i
mo
d
a
l
f
r
e
i
g
h
t
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
s
:
a
su
r
v
e
y
,
”
Eu
r
o
p
e
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
O
p
e
ra
t
i
o
n
a
l
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
v
o
l
.
2
9
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
2
0
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
j
o
r
.
2
0
2
1
.
0
7
.
0
3
1
.
[
2
]
M
.
K
.
Z
u
h
a
n
d
a
,
H
.
M
a
w
e
n
g
k
a
n
g
,
S
.
S
u
w
i
l
o
,
M
a
r
d
i
n
i
n
g
s
i
h
,
a
n
d
O
.
S
.
S
i
t
o
mp
u
l
,
“
L
o
g
i
s
t
i
c
s
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
h
a
i
n
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
mo
d
e
l
w
i
t
h
V
R
P
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
o
f
E
-
c
o
mm
e
r
c
e
,
”
i
n
AI
P
C
o
n
f
e
ren
c
e
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
,
2
0
2
3
,
v
o
l
.
2
7
1
4
,
p
.
0
2
0
0
4
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
6
3
/
5
.
0
1
2
8
4
6
5
.
[
3
]
M
.
K
.
Zu
h
a
n
d
a
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
O
p
t
i
mi
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
r
o
u
t
i
n
g
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
o
f
e
-
c
o
mm
e
r
c
e
l
o
g
i
st
i
c
s
d
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
,
”
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
L
e
t
t
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
3
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
7
9
–
2
8
6
,
2
0
2
3
.
[
4
]
S
.
M
a
l
h
o
t
r
a
a
n
d
M
.
K
h
a
n
d
e
l
w
a
l
,
“
S
o
l
v
i
n
g
X
p
r
e
ssB
e
e
s
l
o
g
i
st
i
c
s
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
b
y
u
si
n
g
e
x
a
c
t
a
n
d
h
e
u
r
i
st
i
c
met
h
o
d
,
”
L
O
G
I
–
S
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
T
ra
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
L
o
g
i
s
t
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
7
–
4
8
,
J
a
n
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
2
4
7
8
/
l
o
g
i
-
2
0
2
2
-
0
0
0
4
.
[
5
]
N
.
Ja
y
a
r
a
t
h
n
a
,
J.
La
n
e
l
,
a
n
d
Z.
A
.
M
.
S
.
Ju
m
a
n
,
“
F
i
v
e
y
e
a
r
s
o
f
m
u
l
t
i
-
d
e
p
o
t
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
r
o
u
t
i
n
g
p
r
o
b
l
e
ms,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
T
r
a
n
s
p
o
rt
a
n
d
L
o
g
i
st
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
9
–
1
2
3
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
4
2
5
4
/
j
sd
t
l
.
2
0
2
0
.
5
-
2
.
1
0
.
[
6
]
M
.
S
o
n
g
,
J.
L
i
,
Y
.
H
a
n
,
Y
.
H
a
n
,
L.
Li
u
,
a
n
d
Q
.
S
u
n
,
“
M
e
t
a
h
e
u
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
f
o
r
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
r
o
u
t
i
n
g
p
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B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Mu
h
a
m
m
a
d
K
h
a
h
fi
Zu
h
a
n
d
a
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B
.
S
.
,
M
.
S
c
.
,
a
n
d
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
m
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
fro
m
Un
iv
e
rsitas
S
u
m
a
tera
Uta
ra
.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
wo
rk
s
a
s
a
lec
tu
re
r
i
n
t
h
e
In
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
S
tu
d
y
P
ro
g
ra
m
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
,
a
t
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsitas
M
e
d
a
n
Are
a
.
He
a
lso
j
o
in
e
d
t
h
e
m
e
m
b
e
r
sh
ip
o
f
th
e
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
As
so
c
iat
io
n
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rs
(IAENG
).
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
b
ro
a
d
a
n
d
c
o
v
e
r
a
wid
e
ra
n
g
e
o
f
a
re
a
s
in
m
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s,
in
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
m
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
ll
in
g
,
d
a
ta sc
i
e
n
c
e
,
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
s res
e
a
rc
h
,
a
n
d
o
p
t
imiz
a
ti
o
n
.
His wo
rk
in
t
h
e
se
a
re
a
s
h
a
s
n
o
t
o
n
ly
b
r
o
a
d
e
n
e
d
th
e
h
o
rizo
n
s
o
f
m
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
a
l
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
b
u
t
h
a
s
a
lso
fo
u
n
d
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
in
v
a
ri
o
u
s
in
d
u
str
ies
a
n
d
se
c
to
rs.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
k
h
a
h
fi@staff.
u
m
a
.
a
c
.
id
.
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