I
n
t
e
r
n
at
ion
al
Jou
r
n
al
of
E
lec
t
r
ical
an
d
Com
p
u
t
e
r
E
n
gin
e
e
r
in
g
(
I
JE
CE
)
Vol.
15
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
20
25
,
pp.
414
~
424
I
S
S
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DO
I
:
10
.
11591/i
jec
e
.
v
15
i
1
.
pp
4
14
-
424
414
Jou
r
n
al
h
omepage
:
ht
tp:
//
ij
e
c
e
.
iaes
c
or
e
.
c
om
E
n
h
an
c
in
g
m
o
n
itor
i
n
g syste
m
s with
i
n
t
e
r
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
-
h
an
d
li
n
g
r
ad
io
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
i
r
e
c
t
io
n
f
in
d
i
n
g:
B
M
KG
C
-
B
an
d
w
e
at
h
e
r
r
ad
a
r
in
We
st
Kal
iman
t
an
In
d
on
e
si
a
c
ase
st
u
d
y
E
k
a
Ku
s
u
m
awar
d
h
an
i
1
,
L
e
on
ar
d
u
s
S
an
d
y
Ade
P
u
t
r
a
1
,
I
k
b
al
M
awald
i
2
,
Ade
K
u
r
n
iawan
2
,
Wawan
Ku
r
n
awan
2
1
D
e
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
E
le
c
tr
ic
a
l
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g, F
a
c
ul
ty
of
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g,
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
a
s
T
a
nj
ungpur
a
,
P
ont
ia
na
k,
I
ndone
s
ia
2
F
r
e
que
nc
y M
oni
to
r
in
g O
f
f
ic
e
C
la
s
s
I
I
P
ont
ia
na
k
,
P
ont
ia
na
k,
I
ndone
s
ia
Ar
t
icle
I
n
f
o
AB
S
T
RA
CT
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
tor
y
:
R
e
c
e
ived
M
a
r
22,
2024
R
e
vis
e
d
Aug
13,
2024
Ac
c
e
pted
Aug
20,
2024
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
v
es
t
i
g
at
e
s
t
h
e
effec
t
i
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
t
erfe
ren
ce
-
h
a
n
d
l
i
n
g
rad
i
o
freq
u
e
n
cy
d
i
rect
i
o
n
fi
n
d
i
n
g
(RFD
F)
mo
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
n
d
et
ec
t
i
n
g
an
d
l
o
ca
l
i
z
i
n
g
i
n
t
er
feren
ce
s
o
u
rce
s
n
ear
t
h
e
BMK
G
C
-
Ban
d
w
eat
h
er
rad
ar
i
n
W
es
t
K
a
l
i
ma
n
t
a
n
,
In
d
o
n
e
s
i
a.
W
e
co
n
d
u
ct
e
d
fi
e
l
d
t
es
t
s
v
ary
i
n
g
i
n
t
erfere
n
ce
t
ran
s
mi
t
t
er
p
o
w
er
l
e
v
el
s
(0
-
3
0
d
Bm)
an
d
d
i
s
t
an
c
es
(1
0
0
,
5
0
0
,
an
d
1
,
0
0
0
m)
fro
m
t
h
e
ra
d
ar.
Res
u
l
t
s
i
n
d
i
cat
e
t
h
e
RFD
F
s
y
s
t
em's
ro
b
u
s
t
p
erfo
rma
n
ce,
co
n
s
i
s
t
e
n
t
l
y
d
e
t
ect
i
n
g
i
n
t
erfere
n
ce
w
i
t
h
i
n
5
-
2
0
m
i
n
u
t
e
s
an
d
accu
ra
t
el
y
l
o
ca
l
i
z
i
n
g
s
o
u
rces
w
i
t
h
m
i
n
i
mal
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
fr
o
m
ac
t
u
a
l
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
fi
n
d
i
n
g
s
c
o
n
f
i
rm
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
em'
s
s
u
p
eri
o
ri
t
y
o
v
er
t
ra
d
i
t
i
o
n
al
man
u
al
met
h
o
d
s
,
o
fferi
n
g
a
rel
i
ab
l
e
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
i
n
t
erfere
n
ce
ma
n
ag
em
en
t
i
n
w
eat
h
er
ra
d
ar
o
p
era
t
i
o
n
s
.
H
o
w
e
v
er,
l
i
mi
t
at
i
o
n
s
i
n
cl
u
d
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
l
ed
t
e
s
t
co
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
an
d
a
n
eed
fo
r
fu
r
t
h
er
e
x
p
l
o
ra
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
em's
e
ffi
cacy
i
n
d
i
v
ers
e
en
v
i
ro
n
men
t
al
s
et
t
i
n
g
s
.
T
h
i
s
res
e
arch
c
o
n
t
ri
b
u
t
es
t
o
i
m
p
ro
v
i
n
g
ra
d
ar
rel
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
an
d
l
ay
s
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
w
o
r
k
fo
r
fu
t
u
re
s
t
u
d
i
es
t
o
refi
n
e
RFD
F
t
ech
n
o
l
o
g
y
fo
r
b
ro
a
d
er
met
eo
r
o
l
o
g
i
ca
l
ap
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
M
KG
I
ndone
s
ia
Dir
e
c
ti
on
f
indi
ng
I
nter
f
e
r
e
nc
e
ha
ndli
ng
M
onit
or
ing
s
ys
tem
R
a
dio
f
r
e
que
nc
y
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
E
ka
Kus
umaw
a
r
dha
ni
De
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
E
lec
tr
ica
l
E
nginee
r
ing,
F
a
c
ult
y
o
f
E
nginee
r
ing,
Unive
r
s
it
a
s
T
a
njungpu
r
a
J
l.
P
r
o
f
.
Dr
.
H.
Ha
da
r
i
Na
wa
wi,
Kota
P
onti
a
na
k,
I
ndone
s
ia
E
mail:
e
ka
wa
r
dha
ni@e
e
.
untan.
a
c
.
id
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
W
e
a
ther
r
a
da
r
s
ys
tems
a
r
e
indi
s
pe
ns
a
ble
tool
s
in
moder
n
mete
or
ology
,
f
a
c
il
it
a
ti
ng
the
obs
e
r
va
ti
on
a
nd
pr
e
diction
of
a
tm
os
phe
r
ic
c
ondit
ions
c
r
uc
ial
f
or
va
r
ious
s
oc
ieta
l
a
nd
e
c
onomi
c
a
c
ti
vit
ies
[
1]
,
[
2
]
.
I
n
r
e
gions
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
ize
d
by
dyna
mi
c
we
a
ther
pa
tt
e
r
n
s
a
nd
s
us
c
e
pti
bil
it
y
to
s
e
ve
r
e
we
a
ther
e
ve
nts
,
s
uc
h
a
s
W
e
s
t
Ka
li
manta
n,
I
ndone
s
ia,
the
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ope
r
a
ti
on
of
we
a
ther
r
a
da
r
is
pa
r
a
mount
.
How
e
ve
r
,
the
r
e
li
a
b
il
it
y
a
nd
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
we
a
ther
r
a
da
r
da
ta
c
a
n
be
c
ompr
o
mi
s
e
d
by
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
o
r
igi
na
ti
ng
f
r
om
a
my
r
iad
o
f
s
our
c
e
s
,
including
r
a
dio
loca
l
a
r
e
a
ne
twor
ks
(
R
L
AN
s
)
a
nd
other
e
lec
tr
onic
de
vice
s
ope
r
a
ti
ng
withi
n
th
e
r
a
da
r
's
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
nds
[
3]
,
[
4]
.
I
nter
f
e
r
e
nc
e
dis
tor
ts
r
a
da
r
s
ignals
a
nd
unde
r
mi
ne
s
the
int
e
gr
it
y
of
we
a
t
he
r
da
ta,
pos
ing
s
igni
f
ica
nt
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
f
or
mete
or
ologi
c
a
l
a
ge
nc
ies
s
u
c
h
a
s
the
B
a
da
n
M
e
teor
ologi
,
Klim
a
tol
ogi,
da
n
Ge
of
is
ika
(
B
M
KG
)
.
T
r
a
dit
ionally,
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
mi
ti
ga
ti
on
in
r
a
da
r
s
ys
tems
ha
s
r
e
li
e
d
on
manua
l
ins
pe
c
ti
on
a
nd
pe
r
iodi
c
c
he
c
ks
by
tr
a
ined
tec
hnicia
ns
.
W
hil
e
thes
e
metho
ds
may
s
uf
f
ice
in
s
pe
c
if
ic
s
c
e
na
r
ios
,
they
a
r
e
o
f
t
e
n
ti
me
-
c
ons
umi
ng,
labor
-
int
e
ns
ive,
a
nd
may
not
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
a
ddr
e
s
s
c
ompl
e
x
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
c
e
na
r
ios
[
5]
,
[
6]
.
R
e
c
e
nt
a
dva
nc
e
ments
ha
ve
s
e
e
n
a
gr
owing
int
e
r
e
s
t
in
de
v
e
lopi
ng
a
nd
im
pleme
nti
ng
a
dva
nc
e
d
r
a
dio
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
(
R
F
)
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tems
f
or
pr
oa
c
ti
ve
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
ma
na
ge
ment
[
7]
–
[
12
]
.
T
he
s
e
s
ys
tems
leve
r
a
ge
tec
hn
ology
to
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
E
lec
&
C
omp
E
ng
I
S
S
N:
2088
-
8708
E
nhanc
ing
monitor
ing
s
y
s
tem
s
w
it
h
int
e
r
fer
e
nc
e
-
h
andli
ng
r
adio
fr
e
que
nc
y
…
(
E
k
a
K
us
umaw
ar
dhani
)
415
pr
e
c
is
e
ly
loca
li
z
e
a
nd
identif
y
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
ou
r
c
e
s
in
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me,
e
na
bli
ng
r
a
pid
r
e
s
pons
e
a
nd
tar
ge
ted
mi
ti
ga
ti
on
mea
s
ur
e
s
.
How
e
ve
r
,
ther
e
is
a
notab
le
ga
p
in
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
oc
us
ing
on
the
im
pleme
ntation
a
nd
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
of
thes
e
R
F
dir
e
c
ti
on
-
f
indi
ng
(
R
F
D
F
)
moni
to
r
ing
s
ys
tems
.
T
his
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
e
e
ks
to
a
ddr
e
s
s
thi
s
ga
p
by
inves
ti
ga
ti
ng
the
i
mpl
e
menta
ti
on
o
f
a
n
R
F
DF
moni
to
r
ing
s
ys
tem
tailor
e
d
e
xpli
c
it
ly
f
or
the
B
M
KG
C
-
B
a
nd
we
a
ther
r
a
da
r
in
W
e
s
t
Ka
li
manta
n
.
T
he
pr
im
a
r
y
objec
ti
ve
of
thi
s
s
tudy
is
to
e
va
l
ua
te
the
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
of
the
R
F
DF
mon
it
or
ing
s
ys
tem
in
d
e
tec
ti
ng
a
nd
mi
ti
ga
ti
ng
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
t
the
B
M
KG
C
-
B
a
nd
we
a
ther
r
a
da
r
f
a
c
il
it
y.
B
y
c
omp
r
e
he
ns
ively
a
s
s
e
s
s
ing
the
s
ys
tem's
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
in
r
e
a
l
-
wor
ld
op
e
r
a
ti
ona
l
c
ondit
ions
,
thi
s
s
tudy
a
im
s
to
c
ontr
ibut
e
va
luable
ins
ight
s
int
o
de
ve
lopi
ng
r
obus
t
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
mana
ge
ment
s
tr
a
tegie
s
f
or
we
a
ther
r
a
da
r
ope
r
a
ti
ons
in
c
ha
ll
e
ngi
ng
e
nvir
onments
.
Our
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
will
e
xplor
e
a
r
e
a
s
pr
e
vious
ly
unde
r
e
xplor
e
d
by
f
oc
us
ing
on
the
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
l
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
a
nd
e
f
f
ica
c
y
of
R
F
DF
tec
hnology
in
W
e
s
t
Ka
li
manta
n,
I
ndone
s
ia.
T
his
s
tudy's
f
indi
ngs
a
r
e
e
x
pe
c
ted
to
e
va
luate
the
im
pleme
ntation
of
R
F
DF
in
a
s
s
is
ti
ng
t
he
tas
ks
of
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
s
pe
c
tr
um
moni
tor
ing
c
e
n
ter
c
las
s
2
P
onti
a
na
k
in
a
ddr
e
s
s
ing
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
is
s
ue
s
.
P
r
e
vious
ly,
tr
a
dit
ional
methods
we
r
e
us
e
d,
whic
h
r
e
quir
e
d
a
long
ti
me
to
ha
ndle
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
o
r
dis
r
upti
ons
.
B
y
int
e
gr
a
ti
ng
R
F
DF
tec
hnology,
we
a
im
to
a
c
c
e
ler
a
te
the
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
ha
ndli
ng
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
e
nha
nc
ing
the
r
e
li
a
b
il
it
y,
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y,
a
nd
ope
r
a
ti
ona
l
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
of
we
a
th
e
r
r
a
da
r
s
ys
tems
in
W
e
s
t
Ka
li
manta
n
a
nd
s
im
il
a
r
r
e
gions
wor
ldwide.
T
he
mon
it
or
ing
s
ys
tem's
de
s
ign
is
bu
il
t
upon
thr
e
e
c
e
ntr
a
l
c
omponents
:
the
main
c
ont
r
ol
unit
(
M
C
U)
,
s
tation
s
lave
(
S
S
)
,
a
nd
mobi
le
dir
e
c
t
f
indi
n
g
(
M
DF)
.
T
he
M
C
U
ove
r
s
e
e
s
a
nd
c
oor
dinate
s
a
ll
S
S
unit
s
,
whic
h
a
r
e
s
tr
a
tegic
a
ll
y
pos
it
ioned
a
c
r
os
s
the
B
M
KG
R
a
da
r
a
r
e
a
.
E
a
c
h
S
S
un
it
c
ompr
is
e
s
a
R
a
s
pbe
r
r
y
P
i
4
,
a
s
of
twa
r
e
de
f
ined
r
a
dio
(
S
DR
)
,
a
n
a
ntenna
r
otat
or
,
a
nd
a
dir
e
c
ti
on
f
inde
r
a
ntenna
,
f
unc
ti
oning
a
s
de
dica
ted
s
tations
that
c
a
n
identi
f
y
2
.
4
a
nd
5
GH
z
W
L
AN
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
s
.
T
he
M
DF
a
c
ts
a
s
the
ult
im
a
te
loca
tor
,
of
f
e
r
ing
pr
e
c
is
e
c
oor
dinate
s
to
pinpoi
nt
th
e
e
xa
c
t
loca
ti
ons
of
in
ter
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
our
c
e
s
withi
n
the
r
a
da
r
'
s
ope
r
a
ti
ona
l
domain
.
S
ubs
e
que
nt
s
e
c
ti
ons
will
d
e
tail
the
s
ys
tem's
de
s
ign,
im
pleme
ntation,
pe
r
f
o
r
manc
e
e
va
luation,
a
nd
the
br
oa
de
r
im
pli
c
a
ti
ons
of
our
f
indi
ng
s
.
2.
L
I
T
E
RA
T
UR
E
RE
VI
E
W
I
nter
f
e
r
e
nc
e
mi
ti
ga
ti
on
in
r
a
da
r
s
ys
tems
,
e
s
pe
c
ially
in
we
a
ther
moni
tor
ing
,
ha
s
be
e
n
a
f
oc
us
of
r
e
c
e
nt
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h.
E
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
r
a
da
r
ope
r
a
ti
on
is
c
r
uc
ia
l
f
o
r
a
c
c
ur
a
te
we
a
ther
f
o
r
e
c
a
s
ti
ng,
but
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
,
s
uc
h
a
s
f
r
om
r
a
dio
loca
l
a
r
e
a
ne
twor
ks
(
R
L
AN
s
)
,
c
a
n
d
e
gr
a
de
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
a
nd
r
e
li
a
bil
it
y
.
T
his
r
e
view
e
xplor
e
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
on
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
ha
ndli
ng
tec
hniques
a
nd
i
mpl
e
menting
R
F
DF
s
ys
tems
to
a
ddr
e
s
s
thes
e
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
in
r
a
da
r
f
a
c
il
it
ies
.
Nume
r
ous
s
tudi
e
s
ha
v
e
de
mons
tr
a
ted
the
ne
ga
ti
ve
im
pa
c
t
of
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
on
r
a
da
r
s
ys
tems
a
nd
e
mphas
ize
d
the
ne
e
d
f
or
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
mi
ti
ga
ti
on
s
tr
a
tegie
s
.
F
or
e
xa
mpl
e
,
Ume
hir
a
[
13]
de
ve
loped
a
mul
ti
-
c
ha
nne
l
a
da
pti
ve
f
il
ter
to
s
uppr
e
s
s
s
e
a
c
lut
ter
in
pa
s
s
ive
r
a
da
r
s
e
n
s
or
s
while
pr
e
s
e
r
ving
tar
ge
t
s
ignals
,
ove
r
c
omi
ng
the
li
mi
tations
of
s
ingl
e
-
c
ha
nne
l
high
-
pa
s
s
f
il
ter
s
[
14]
,
[
15]
.
Alland
e
t
al
.
[
16]
a
na
lyze
d
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
in
a
utom
oti
ve
r
a
da
r
s
ys
tems
,
highl
igh
t
ing
the
i
mpor
tanc
e
of
the
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
-
to
-
nois
e
r
a
ti
o
(
I
NR
)
a
nd
r
e
view
ing
e
xis
ti
ng
mi
ti
ga
ti
on
tec
hniques
.
L
of
ù
e
t
al.
[
17
]
pr
opos
e
d
UR
AN
US,
a
f
r
a
mew
or
k
us
ing
RF
-
ba
s
e
d
da
ta
a
nd
ne
ur
a
l
ne
twor
ks
f
or
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
unmanne
d
a
ir
ve
hicle
s
(
UA
V)
de
tec
ti
on
in
r
e
s
tr
icte
d
a
ir
s
pa
c
e
s
,
a
c
hieving
high
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
in
identi
f
ica
ti
on
a
nd
t
r
a
c
king
tas
ks
.
Othe
r
s
tudi
e
s
,
s
uc
h
a
s
[
1
8]
,
ha
ve
a
dva
nc
e
d
the
moder
niza
ti
on
o
f
r
a
dio
dir
e
c
ti
on
f
i
n
de
r
s
(
R
DFs
)
f
or
na
vigation
a
nd
s
ur
ve
il
lanc
e
,
bu
il
ding
on
e
a
r
li
e
r
wor
k
in
r
a
dio
s
our
c
e
identif
ica
ti
on
a
nd
be
a
r
ing
de
ter
mi
na
ti
on
[
19]
–
[
22
]
.
Additi
ona
ll
y,
W
a
ng
e
t
al.
[
23
]
int
r
oduc
e
d
a
nov
e
l
s
ingl
e
-
c
ha
nne
l
bli
nd
s
our
c
e
s
e
pa
r
a
ti
on
(
S
B
S
S
)
a
lgor
it
hm
f
o
r
r
a
da
r
s
ys
tems
,
im
pr
oving
in
ter
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
uppr
e
s
s
ion
by
int
e
gr
a
ti
ng
va
r
iation
a
l
mode
de
c
ompos
it
ion
(
VM
D)
a
nd
s
pa
r
s
e
c
omponent
a
na
lys
is
(
S
C
A)
.
Author
s
in
[
24]
–
[
26]
pr
op
os
e
d
a
c
omput
a
ti
ona
ll
y
e
f
f
icie
nt
c
omp
r
e
s
s
ive
s
e
ns
ing
f
r
a
mew
or
k
f
o
r
a
utom
oti
ve
r
a
da
r
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
mi
ti
ga
t
ion,
a
nd
R
oc
k
e
t
al
.
[
27]
e
xplor
e
d
qua
nti
z
a
ti
on
tec
hniques
to
a
ddr
e
s
s
r
e
s
our
c
e
c
ons
tr
a
int
s
in
C
NN
-
ba
s
e
d
r
a
da
r
s
ignal
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing,
c
ons
ider
ing
the
li
mi
tations
of
r
a
da
r
s
e
ns
or
ha
r
dwa
r
e
[
28]
,
[
29
]
.
F
ur
ther
,
Guo
e
t
a
l.
[
30]
de
ve
loped
a
n
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
uppr
e
s
s
ion
method
f
or
S
AR
us
ing
s
hor
t
-
ti
me
f
r
a
c
ti
ona
l
F
our
ier
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
(
S
T
F
r
F
T
)
,
f
oc
us
ing
on
the
a
da
pti
ve
ga
in
c
oe
f
f
icie
nt
f
or
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
uppr
e
s
s
ion.
De
s
pit
e
thes
e
a
dva
nc
e
men
ts
,
ther
e
r
e
mains
a
ga
p
in
im
pleme
nti
ng
R
F
DF
s
ys
tems
s
p
e
c
if
ica
ll
y
f
or
we
a
ther
r
a
da
r
f
a
c
il
it
ies
in
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
-
pr
one
r
e
gions
li
ke
Ka
li
manta
n
B
a
r
a
t,
I
ndone
s
ia.
T
his
s
t
udy
a
im
s
to
f
il
l
thi
s
ga
p
by
e
va
luating
the
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
of
a
n
R
F
DF
s
ys
tem
tailor
e
d
f
or
the
B
M
KG
C
-
B
a
n
d
we
a
ther
r
a
da
r
in
Ka
li
manta
n
B
a
r
a
t,
c
ontr
ibut
in
g
to
be
s
t
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
s
f
or
e
nha
nc
ing
r
a
da
r
r
e
li
a
bil
it
y
in
c
ha
ll
e
nging
e
nvir
onments
.
3.
M
E
T
HO
D
3.
1
.
M
an
u
al
d
ire
c
t
ion
-
f
in
d
i
n
g
m
on
it
or
in
g
s
ys
t
e
m
I
n
the
manua
l
ope
r
a
ti
on
of
a
dir
e
c
ti
on
-
f
indi
ng
a
ntenna
s
ys
tem
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igu
r
e
1
(
a
)
,
the
us
e
r
take
s
dir
e
c
t
c
ontr
ol
to
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
o
r
the
s
ignal's
dir
e
c
ti
on.
T
he
pr
oc
e
s
s
invol
ve
s
phys
ica
ll
y
a
dju
s
ti
ng
the
a
ntenna
's
pos
it
ion
a
nd
or
ienta
ti
on
to
loca
te
the
s
t
r
onge
s
t
s
ignal.
T
ypica
ll
y,
the
ope
r
a
tor
e
mpl
oys
a
ddit
ional
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
nt
J
E
lec
&
C
omp
E
ng
,
Vol
.
15
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
20
25
:
414
-
424
416
tool
s
s
uc
h
a
s
a
c
ompas
s
a
nd
a
map
to
a
s
c
e
r
tain
th
e
s
ignal
s
our
c
e
's
loca
ti
on.
T
his
ha
nds
-
on
a
ppr
oa
c
h
r
e
quir
e
s
the
us
e
r
to
be
pr
o
f
icie
nt
in
mane
uve
r
ing
the
a
nten
na
a
nd
int
e
r
pr
e
ti
ng
the
r
e
c
e
ived
s
ignal
s
tr
e
ngth
to
pinpoi
nt
the
s
our
c
e
a
c
c
ur
a
tely.
M
a
nua
l
ope
r
a
ti
on
pr
e
s
e
nts
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
pr
im
a
r
il
y
due
to
the
ope
r
a
to
r
's
s
kil
l
a
nd
e
xpe
r
ienc
e
.
T
he
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
s
ignal
de
tec
ti
on
de
pe
nds
on
the
us
e
r
's
a
bil
it
y
to
int
e
r
p
r
e
t
da
ta
a
nd
a
djus
t
the
a
ntenna
,
making
human
e
r
r
or
a
s
igni
f
ica
nt
f
a
c
tor
in
potential
i
na
c
c
ur
a
c
ies
.
T
his
method
is
ti
me
-
c
on
s
umi
ng,
r
e
quir
ing
c
onti
nuous
manua
l
a
djus
tm
e
nts
a
nd
c
he
c
ks
,
whic
h
s
lows
down
the
pr
oc
e
s
s
a
nd
r
e
duc
e
s
r
e
li
a
bil
it
y
c
ompar
e
d
to
a
utom
a
ted
s
ys
tems
.
I
n
c
ontr
a
s
t,
the
M
C
U
-
c
ontr
oll
e
d
di
r
e
c
ti
on
-
f
indi
ng
a
ntenna
s
ys
tem,
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
1
(
b)
,
ope
r
a
tes
a
utom
a
ti
c
a
ll
y
,
mi
nim
izing
human
int
e
r
ve
nti
on.
T
he
M
C
U
a
utonom
ous
ly
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
da
ta,
a
djus
ts
the
a
ntenna
,
a
nd
ut
il
ize
s
a
lgor
it
hms
a
nd
s
e
ns
or
s
to
a
c
c
ur
a
tely
de
ter
mi
ne
the
s
ignal's
d
ir
e
c
ti
on.
T
his
a
utom
a
ti
on
e
nha
nc
e
s
s
pe
e
d
a
nd
pr
e
c
i
s
ion,
r
e
duc
ing
human
e
r
r
or
a
nd
im
p
r
oving
r
e
li
a
bil
i
ty.
T
h
e
s
ys
tem
c
a
n
int
e
gr
a
te
a
ddit
ional
s
e
ns
or
s
li
ke
global
pos
it
io
ning
s
ys
tem
(
GP
S
)
f
o
r
e
ve
n
gr
e
a
ter
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y.
Aut
omation
thr
ough
a
n
M
C
U
s
igni
f
ica
ntl
y
incr
e
a
s
e
s
e
f
f
icie
nc
y,
e
na
bli
ng
c
onti
nuous
s
c
a
nning,
f
a
s
ter
identif
ica
ti
on,
a
nd
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
a
djus
tm
e
nts
.
Additi
ona
ll
y,
a
n
M
C
U
c
a
n
mana
ge
mul
ti
ple
a
ntenna
s
s
im
ult
a
ne
ous
ly,
a
ll
o
wing
f
or
c
ompr
e
he
ns
ive
moni
tor
ing
a
nd
c
ont
r
ol
ove
r
lar
ge
r
a
r
e
a
s
.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
1.
C
ompar
is
on
of
moni
to
r
ing
s
ys
tems
:
(
a
)
manua
l
dir
e
c
ti
on
-
f
indi
ng
moni
to
r
ing
s
ys
tem
a
nd
(
b)
pr
opos
e
d
e
nha
nc
e
d
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem
de
s
ign
3.
2
.
P
r
op
os
e
d
e
n
h
an
c
e
d
m
on
it
or
in
g
s
ys
t
e
m
d
e
s
i
gn
T
his
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem
is
de
s
igned
to
identif
y
us
e
r
s
ope
r
a
ti
ng
a
t
both
2.
4
a
nd
5
GH
z
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
.
T
he
de
vice
pr
ovides
a
mo
r
e
c
omp
r
e
he
ns
ive
gr
a
phi
c
a
l
us
e
r
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
(
GU
I
)
f
o
r
pr
e
s
e
nti
ng
in
f
or
mation
de
r
ived
f
r
om
r
e
c
e
ived
s
ignals
.
M
onit
or
ing
r
e
s
ult
s
f
r
om
t
he
s
ys
tem
include
da
ta
s
uc
h
a
s
r
a
dio
f
r
e
que
nc
y,
c
ha
nne
l
number
,
s
ignal
s
tr
e
ngth
(
leve
l
s
ignal
)
,
S
S
I
D
,
a
nd
M
AC
AD
DR
E
S
S
.
T
his
identif
ica
ti
on
da
ta
f
a
c
il
it
a
tes
f
ield
a
na
lys
is
.
I
n
it
s
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
,
the
s
ys
tem
is
divi
de
d
i
nto
thr
e
e
c
or
e
c
omponents
:
the
main
c
ontr
o
l
un
it
(
M
C
U)
,
S
S
,
a
nd
mobi
le
ha
ndli
ng
unit
(
M
HU
)
.
T
he
i
ll
us
tr
a
t
ion
of
e
a
c
h
uni
t
of
the
s
ys
tem
is
de
picte
d
in
F
igu
r
e
2(
a
)
.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
s
ys
tem
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
is
pr
e
s
e
nted
in
F
igur
e
2(
b)
.
I
t
c
ons
is
ts
of
M
C
U
a
nd
S
S
a
s
the
r
e
mot
e
s
tation.
T
he
M
C
U
is
pos
it
ioned
a
t
the
c
e
ntr
a
l
c
ontr
ol
c
e
nter
withi
n
the
B
M
KG
P
onti
a
na
k
f
a
c
il
it
y.
T
his
c
e
ntr
a
l
hub
is
the
c
omm
a
nd
c
e
nter
r
e
s
pons
ibl
e
f
or
s
upe
r
vis
ing
a
nd
c
oo
r
dinating
a
ll
S
S
uni
ts
dis
pe
r
s
e
d
a
c
r
os
s
the
r
e
gion.
T
he
M
C
U
c
ompr
is
e
s
a
powe
r
f
ul
pe
r
s
ona
l
c
omput
e
r
(
PC
)
e
quipped
to
mon
it
or
a
nd
r
e
mot
e
ly
c
ontr
ol
e
a
c
h
S
S
unit
,
e
ns
ur
ing
e
f
f
icie
nt
a
nd
c
e
nt
r
a
li
z
e
d
mana
ge
ment
of
the
e
nti
r
e
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem.
I
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
E
lec
&
C
omp
E
ng
I
S
S
N:
2088
-
8708
E
nhanc
ing
monitor
ing
s
y
s
tem
s
w
it
h
int
e
r
fer
e
nc
e
-
h
andli
ng
r
adio
fr
e
que
nc
y
…
(
E
k
a
K
us
umaw
ar
dhani
)
417
pr
im
a
r
y
f
e
a
tur
e
s
include
the
a
bil
it
y
to
c
onduc
t
mo
nit
or
ing
thr
ough
r
e
mot
e
c
ontr
ol
ope
r
a
ti
ons
a
nd
in
ve
s
ti
ga
te
potential
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
is
s
ue
s
.
T
he
c
onne
c
ti
on
be
tw
e
e
n
M
C
U
a
nd
S
S
is
e
s
tablis
he
d
us
ing
T
C
P
/I
P
a
s
a
n
int
r
a
ne
t
or
vir
tual
pr
ivate
ne
twor
k
(
VPN
)
,
whic
h
e
a
s
il
y
mai
ntains
s
e
c
ur
it
y
a
nd
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
s
pe
e
d.
Nume
r
ous
s
tation
s
lave
unit
s
(
S
S
)
ha
ve
be
e
n
s
tr
a
tegic
a
ll
y
de
ployed
a
r
ound
B
M
KG
P
onti
a
na
k
to
e
ns
ur
e
c
ompr
e
he
ns
ive
c
ove
r
a
ge
withi
n
the
r
a
da
r
's
ope
r
a
ti
ona
l
r
a
dius
.
T
he
s
e
S
S
unit
s
a
r
e
e
quipped
with
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
c
omponents
li
ke
the
R
a
s
pbe
r
r
y
P
i
4
M
ode
l
B
,
s
of
twa
r
e
de
f
ined
r
a
dio
(
S
DR
)
,
a
ntenna
dir
e
c
ti
on
f
inder
(
AD
F
)
,
a
nd
a
n
a
ntenna
r
otator
.
T
he
R
a
s
pbe
r
r
y
P
i
r
uns
R
F
s
c
a
nning
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
,
while
t
he
S
DR
moni
tor
s
the
2.
4
a
nd
5
GH
z
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
nds
f
o
r
potential
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
,
p
r
ovidi
ng
a
c
onti
nuous
,
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
ove
r
view
of
the
R
F
s
pe
c
tr
um.
T
he
AD
F
de
ter
mi
n
e
s
the
dir
e
c
ti
on
of
r
a
dio
s
ignals
,
e
na
bli
ng
pr
e
c
is
e
tr
a
c
king
a
nd
identif
ica
ti
on
of
s
ignal
s
our
c
e
s
.
T
he
a
ntenna
r
otator
a
ll
ows
the
a
ntenna
to
be
o
r
iente
d
towa
r
ds
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
s
ignal
s
our
c
e
s
,
e
nha
nc
ing
the
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
s
ignal
tr
a
c
king.
T
oge
ther
,
the
AD
F
a
nd
a
ntenna
r
otato
r
e
na
ble
e
f
f
icie
nt
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
moni
to
r
ing
a
nd
identif
ica
ti
on
of
r
a
dio
s
ignal
s
our
c
e
s
,
e
ns
ur
ing
s
moot
h
a
nd
pr
e
c
is
e
f
r
e
que
nc
y
moni
tor
ing
ope
r
a
ti
ons
.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
2.
L
a
yout
a
nd
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
of
the
moni
to
r
in
g
s
ys
tem:
(
a
)
loca
ti
on
of
e
a
c
h
s
ys
tem's
pa
r
t
a
r
ound
B
M
KG
P
onti
a
na
k
a
nd
(
b
)
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
of
the
moni
to
r
ing
s
y
s
tem
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
nt
J
E
lec
&
C
omp
E
ng
,
Vol
.
15
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
20
25
:
414
-
424
418
3.
2
.
I
m
p
lem
e
n
t
at
ion
of
p
r
op
os
e
d
e
n
h
an
c
e
d
m
o
n
it
or
in
g
s
ys
t
e
m
I
n
the
im
pleme
ntation
s
c
e
na
r
io,
the
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
wi
ll
be
c
onf
igur
e
d
to
tr
a
ns
mi
t
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
that
may
or
may
not
c
ompl
y
with
the
c
las
s
li
c
e
ns
e
s
in
I
ndone
s
ia.
S
ubs
e
que
ntl
y,
the
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem
will
r
e
c
e
ive
a
nd
identif
y
thes
e
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ions
.
T
he
il
lus
tr
a
ti
on
is
s
ho
wn
in
F
igu
r
e
3.
T
he
f
lowc
ha
r
t
il
lus
tr
a
ti
ng
the
mon
it
or
ing
s
ys
tem
i
mpl
e
menta
ti
on
is
de
picte
d
in
F
igur
e
4.
T
he
in
it
ial
s
tep
invol
ve
s
uti
li
z
ing
r
e
mot
e
de
s
ktop
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
c
onne
c
t
to
the
s
tation
s
lave
.
At
the
s
tation
s
lave
,
we
e
mpl
oy
the
R
a
s
pbe
r
r
y
P
i
4
M
ode
l
B
a
s
a
c
e
ntr
a
l
c
om
pone
nt
to
r
un
the
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
f
or
s
c
a
nning
R
F
withi
n
a
pr
e
de
ter
mi
ne
d
loca
ti
on.
T
he
R
a
s
pbe
r
r
y
P
i
4
M
ode
l
B
plays
a
c
r
uc
ial
r
ole
in
ope
r
a
ti
ng
our
f
r
e
que
nc
y
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem.
F
igur
e
3.
I
mp
leme
ntation
c
onf
igur
a
t
ion
F
igur
e
4.
I
mp
leme
ntation
c
onf
igur
a
t
ion
Va
r
ious
c
omponents
a
r
e
c
oll
a
bor
a
ti
ng
with
the
R
a
s
pbe
r
r
y
P
i
4
M
ode
l
B
,
including
the
S
DR
,
a
ntenna
dir
e
c
ti
on
f
inder
(
DF)
,
a
nd
r
otator
.
S
DR
tec
hnology
uti
li
z
e
s
pr
ogr
a
mm
a
ble
ha
r
dwa
r
e
to
buil
d
a
s
of
twa
r
e
-
ba
s
e
d
r
a
dio,
s
e
r
ving
a
s
a
c
r
it
ica
l
e
leme
nt
in
s
c
a
nning
a
nd
moni
tor
ing
R
F
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
.
T
he
Ante
nna
DF
a
c
ts
a
s
a
dir
e
c
ti
ona
l
indi
c
a
tor
f
or
the
t
r
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
s
our
c
e
,
while
the
r
otator
a
ll
ows
f
or
f
lexible
a
djus
tm
e
nt
of
the
a
ntenna
's
or
ienta
ti
on
to
s
uit
the
s
c
a
nning
r
e
quir
e
m
e
nts
.
T
o
a
c
c
e
s
s
the
s
tation
s
lave
a
nd
c
ontr
ol
i
ts
op
e
r
a
ti
ons
,
we
r
e
ly
on
the
r
e
mot
e
de
s
ktop
a
pp
R
e
va
nc
e
T
he
r
a
pe
uti
c
s
,
I
nc
.
C
omm
on
S
tock
(
R
VN
C
)
,
int
e
gr
a
te
d
with
a
vir
tual
pr
ivate
ne
two
r
k
(
VPN
)
c
onne
c
ti
on.
I
t
e
ns
ur
e
s
that
e
a
c
h
s
tation
s
lave
c
a
n
be
a
c
c
e
s
s
e
d
a
nd
ope
r
a
ted
r
e
mot
e
ly.
T
he
ini
ti
a
l
pr
og
r
a
m
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
5(
a
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
E
lec
&
C
omp
E
ng
I
S
S
N:
2088
-
8708
E
nhanc
ing
monitor
ing
s
y
s
tem
s
w
it
h
int
e
r
fer
e
nc
e
-
h
andli
ng
r
adio
fr
e
que
nc
y
…
(
E
k
a
K
us
umaw
ar
dhani
)
419
W
it
hin
e
a
c
h
s
tation
s
lave
,
the
DF
S
tation
uti
li
z
e
s
a
mul
ti
-
tr
iangula
ti
on
method
to
de
ter
mi
ne
the
a
ntenna
dir
e
c
ti
on
f
or
s
c
a
nning
the
s
our
c
e
of
R
F
s
ignals
.
T
his
method
e
na
bles
us
to
pr
e
c
is
e
ly
e
s
ti
mate
the
dir
e
c
ti
on
f
r
o
m
whic
h
the
r
a
dio
s
ignal
or
igi
na
tes
,
a
ke
y
f
oc
us
in
our
f
r
e
que
nc
y
moni
tor
ing
.
I
n
the
s
tati
on
s
lave
,
a
n
R
F
s
c
a
nning
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
is
e
xe
c
uted
to
c
omm
e
nc
e
the
a
ntenna
or
ienta
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
T
his
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
s
c
a
ns
R
F
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
,
pa
r
ti
c
ular
ly
in
the
C
B
a
nd
r
a
nge
,
f
r
om
5
,
600
to
5
,
650
M
Hz
.
R
L
AN
de
vice
s
c
onne
c
ted
to
int
e
r
ne
t
s
e
r
vice
pr
ovider
s
(
I
S
P
s
)
or
R
T
/R
W
Ne
t
ne
twor
ks
pr
im
a
r
il
y
us
e
thi
s
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
a
nge
.
Dur
ing
the
s
c
a
nning
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
the
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
c
ol
lec
ts
da
ta,
including
c
r
it
ica
l
in
f
or
mation
s
uc
h
a
s
M
AC
a
ddr
e
s
s
e
s
,
ve
ndor
de
tails
,
f
r
e
que
nc
y
c
ha
nne
ls
,
S
S
I
Ds
,
a
nd
s
ignal
leve
ls
.
T
his
inf
o
r
mation
is
p
ivot
a
l
in
the
identif
ica
ti
on
a
nd
moni
tor
ing
of
R
F
s
ignal
s
our
c
e
s
.
R
unning
thi
s
s
c
a
nning
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
on
the
s
tati
on
s
lave
e
ns
ur
e
s
e
f
f
icie
nt
da
ta
c
oll
e
c
ti
on
f
or
r
a
dio
f
r
e
que
nc
y
s
pe
c
tr
um
moni
tor
ing
a
nd
R
L
AN
us
e
r
identi
f
ica
ti
on
withi
n
I
S
P
a
nd
R
T
/R
W
Ne
t
ne
twor
ks
.
T
he
c
a
pt
ur
e
d
da
ta
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
5(
b
)
.
T
he
da
ta
ga
the
r
e
d
f
r
om
s
c
a
nning
is
meticulous
ly
s
tor
e
d
in
a
c
omm
a
-
s
e
p
a
r
a
ted
va
lues
(
C
S
V)
f
il
e
f
or
mat
to
f
a
c
il
it
a
te
in
-
de
pth
a
nd
s
tr
uc
tur
e
d
a
na
lys
is
.
T
he
C
S
V
f
il
e
f
o
r
mat
s
hown
i
n
F
igur
e
6
is
c
hos
e
n
due
to
it
s
tabula
r
da
ta
o
r
ga
niza
ti
on,
with
c
lea
r
c
olum
ns
s
e
pa
r
a
ted
by
c
omm
a
s
,
a
ll
owin
g
e
a
s
y
a
c
c
e
s
s
a
nd
p
r
oc
e
s
s
ing
us
ing
s
tanda
r
d
da
ta
a
na
lys
is
s
of
twa
r
e
.
E
a
c
h
e
ntr
y
in
the
C
S
V
f
il
e
e
nc
ompa
s
s
e
s
a
ll
the
c
oll
e
c
ted
inf
or
mation
dur
ing
the
s
c
a
nning,
including
M
AC
a
ddr
e
s
s
e
s
,
ve
ndor
de
tails
,
f
r
e
que
nc
y
c
ha
nne
ls
,
S
S
I
Ds
,
a
nd
s
ignal
leve
ls
.
T
his
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
d
da
ta
s
tor
a
ge
s
uppor
ts
c
ompatibi
li
ty
wi
th
va
r
ious
de
vice
s
a
nd
s
tanda
r
d
da
ta
a
na
lys
is
s
of
twa
r
e
,
e
s
tablis
hing
a
r
obus
t
f
ounda
ti
on
f
o
r
f
u
r
ther
a
na
lys
is
.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
5.
Ove
r
view
o
f
the
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
a
nd
da
ta
c
a
ptur
e
:
(
a
)
in
it
ial
pr
og
r
a
m
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
of
the
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem
a
nd
(
b)
c
a
ptur
e
d
da
ta
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
nt
J
E
lec
&
C
omp
E
ng
,
Vol
.
15
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
20
25
:
414
-
424
420
T
he
da
ta
c
oll
e
c
ted
is
a
na
lyze
d
a
ga
ins
t
c
ur
r
e
nt
r
e
gulations
to
e
ns
ur
e
c
ompl
ianc
e
with
f
r
e
que
nc
y
us
a
ge
a
nd
c
las
s
pe
r
mi
ts
s
e
t
by
r
e
gulato
r
y
bod
ies
.
T
his
a
na
lys
is
identif
ies
whe
ther
R
L
AN
us
e
r
s
a
r
e
c
ompl
iant
or
non
-
c
ompl
iant
with
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
gulations
.
Us
e
r
s
a
r
e
then
c
a
tegor
ize
d
a
s
e
it
he
r
non
-
s
us
picious
(
c
ompl
iant)
or
s
us
picious
(
non
-
c
ompl
iant
a
nd
po
tentially
c
a
us
ing
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
)
.
Af
te
r
c
las
s
if
ica
ti
on,
a
t
r
ia
ngulation
method
is
us
e
d
to
e
s
ti
mate
the
s
ignal
s
our
c
e
's
lo
c
a
ti
on
ba
s
e
d
on
the
c
oll
e
c
ted
da
ta
.
T
his
p
r
e
c
is
e
loca
ti
on
e
s
ti
mate
is
c
r
uc
ial
f
or
moni
tor
ing
a
nd
tr
a
c
king
R
F
s
ignals
.
M
a
pping
then
vis
ua
li
z
e
s
the
tr
iangula
ti
on
r
e
s
ult
s
,
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nti
ng
the
s
ignal
s
our
c
e
's
e
s
ti
mate
d
loca
ti
on
on
a
map
or
g
r
a
ph.
T
his
vis
ua
li
z
a
ti
on
a
ids
in
identif
ying
a
r
e
a
s
r
e
quir
ing
mor
e
f
oc
us
e
d
moni
tor
ing
a
nd
s
upp
or
ts
f
ur
ther
a
c
ti
ons
li
ke
mobi
le
d
ir
e
c
ti
on
f
indi
ng
(
M
DF)
.
I
n
M
DF,
the
s
ys
tem
us
e
s
the
Homing
method
to
a
c
c
ur
a
tely
tr
a
c
k
mobi
le
R
F
s
ignal
s
our
c
e
s
,
with
a
s
e
tup
s
im
il
a
r
to
S
tationar
y
S
tations
but
f
oc
us
e
d
on
mobi
le
s
our
c
e
s
.
Dur
ing
thi
s
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
mobi
le
dir
e
c
ti
on
f
indi
ng
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
6
(
a
)
,
op
ti
mi
z
e
s
c
omponents
s
uc
h
a
s
the
s
of
twa
r
e
-
de
f
ined
r
a
dio
(
S
DR
)
,
a
ntenna
dir
e
c
ti
on
f
inde
r
(
DF)
,
a
nd
r
otator
,
s
im
il
a
r
to
the
c
onf
igu
r
a
ti
on
in
s
tationar
y
s
tations
.
How
e
ve
r
,
the
Hom
ing
method
a
ll
ows
the
M
DF
to
dyna
mi
c
a
ll
y
d
ir
e
c
t
R
F
s
ignal
s
towa
r
d
the
movi
ng
s
ignal
s
our
c
e
.
Applying
the
Homing
method
is
c
r
uc
ial
in
e
ns
ur
ing
a
c
c
ur
a
te
tr
a
c
king
c
a
pa
bil
it
y
whe
n
R
F
s
ignal
s
our
c
e
s
c
a
n
move
or
c
ha
nge
l
oc
a
ti
on
r
a
pidl
y.
T
he
c
onf
igu
r
a
ti
on,
s
im
il
a
r
to
s
tationar
y
s
tations
,
a
ll
ows
us
to
in
tegr
a
te
da
ta
f
r
om
the
M
DF
with
da
ta
obtaine
d
f
r
om
s
tationar
y
s
tations
,
c
r
e
a
ti
ng
a
holi
s
ti
c
unde
r
s
tanding
of
the
r
a
dio
f
r
e
que
nc
y
s
pe
c
tr
um
e
nvi
r
onment,
including
the
moveme
nt
of
R
F
s
our
c
e
s
that
may
potentially
c
a
us
e
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
or
ha
ve
s
pe
c
if
ic
int
e
r
e
s
ts
.
T
hus
,
the
s
ys
tem
e
n
s
ur
e
s
r
e
li
a
ble
moni
tor
ing
a
nd
t
r
a
c
king,
e
ve
n
whe
n
s
ignal
s
our
c
e
s
a
r
e
mobi
le.
T
he
r
e
s
ult
of
homi
ng
method
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
6(
b
)
.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
6.
Ove
r
view
o
f
the
mobi
le
di
r
e
c
ti
on
-
f
indi
ng
pr
oc
e
s
s
:
(
a
)
the
mobi
le
di
r
e
c
ti
on
-
f
indi
ng
pr
oc
e
s
s
a
nd
(
b)
the
r
e
s
ult
of
the
hom
ing
method
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
E
lec
&
C
omp
E
ng
I
S
S
N:
2088
-
8708
E
nhanc
ing
monitor
ing
s
y
s
tem
s
w
it
h
int
e
r
fer
e
nc
e
-
h
andli
ng
r
adio
fr
e
que
nc
y
…
(
E
k
a
K
us
umaw
ar
dhani
)
421
4.
I
M
P
L
E
M
E
NT
AT
I
ON
S
CE
NA
RI
O,
RE
S
UL
T
,
AN
D
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
T
he
tes
ti
ng
s
c
e
na
r
io
in
thi
s
s
tudy
a
im
s
to
e
va
luate
the
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
of
the
R
F
DF
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem
in
de
tec
ti
ng
a
nd
loca
li
z
ing
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
our
c
e
s
ne
a
r
the
B
M
KG
we
a
ther
r
a
da
r
.
T
he
tes
ti
ng
s
c
e
na
r
io
s
hown
in
T
a
ble
1.
T
he
s
c
e
na
r
ios
invol
ve
d
va
r
ying
leve
ls
of
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
powe
r
(
0
-
30
dB
m)
a
t
10
0
mete
r
s
f
r
om
the
r
a
da
r
,
with
c
or
r
e
s
ponding
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
de
tec
ti
on
ti
mes
a
nd
dis
tanc
e
s
to
the
a
c
tual
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
loca
ti
on
s
hown
in
T
a
ble
2.
T
he
r
e
s
ult
s
de
mons
tr
a
te
the
s
ys
tem's
c
a
pa
bil
it
y
to
de
tec
t
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
c
r
os
s
va
r
ious
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
powe
r
leve
ls
.
De
s
pit
e
the
va
r
iation
in
powe
r
leve
ls
,
the
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
de
tec
ti
o
n
ti
mes
r
e
maine
d
c
ons
tant
a
t
5
mi
nu
tes
f
or
a
ll
s
c
e
na
r
ios
.
T
his
c
ons
is
tenc
y
s
ugge
s
ts
that
the
s
ys
tem's
de
tec
ti
on
mec
ha
nis
m
is
r
obus
t
a
nd
una
f
f
e
c
ted
by
c
ha
nge
s
in
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
powe
r
,
e
ns
ur
ing
pr
ompt
identif
ica
ti
on
of
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
e
ve
nts
.
F
ur
ther
mor
e
,
the
obs
e
r
ve
d
dis
tanc
e
s
to
the
a
c
tual
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
loca
ti
on
va
r
ied
inver
s
e
ly
with
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
pow
e
r
leve
ls
.
As
the
powe
r
leve
l
incr
e
a
s
e
d
f
r
om
0
to
30
dB
m,
the
dis
tanc
e
to
the
a
c
tual
loca
ti
on
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
f
r
om
102
to
80
mete
r
s
.
T
his
tr
e
nd
indi
c
a
tes
a
s
tr
ong
c
or
r
e
lation
be
twe
e
n
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
powe
r
a
nd
the
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
loca
li
z
a
ti
on.
Highe
r
pow
e
r
leve
ls
r
e
s
ult
in
s
tr
onge
r
a
nd
mor
e
de
tec
table
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
ignals
,
lea
ding
to
mo
r
e
pr
e
c
is
e
loca
li
z
a
ti
on
of
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
our
c
e
s
.
T
his
tes
t
s
c
e
na
r
io
a
i
med
to
e
va
luate
the
pe
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
of
the
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
-
ha
ndli
ng
R
F
DF
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem
in
de
tec
ti
ng
a
nd
loca
li
z
ing
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
our
c
e
s
ne
a
r
the
B
M
K
G
we
a
ther
r
a
da
r
in
P
onti
a
na
k,
W
e
s
t
Ka
li
manta
n.
T
he
s
c
e
na
r
io
invol
ve
d
va
r
ying
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
powe
r
leve
ls
(
0
-
30
dB
m)
a
t
50
0
mete
r
s
f
r
om
the
r
a
da
r
,
with
r
e
c
or
de
d
in
ter
f
e
r
e
nc
e
de
tec
ti
on
ti
mes
a
nd
dis
tanc
e
s
to
the
a
c
tual
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
loca
ti
on.
T
he
r
e
s
ult
s
s
hown
in
T
a
ble
3
indi
c
a
te
that
the
s
ys
tem
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
de
tec
ted
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
c
r
os
s
a
ll
tes
ted
powe
r
leve
ls
,
with
de
tec
ti
on
t
im
e
s
r
a
nging
f
r
om
7
to
8
mi
nutes
.
I
t
s
ugge
s
ts
a
c
ons
is
tent
s
ys
tem
r
e
s
pons
e
ti
me
in
identif
ying
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
e
ve
nts
,
whic
h
is
c
r
it
ica
l
f
or
ti
mely
m
it
igation
mea
s
ur
e
s
a
nd
unint
e
r
r
upt
e
d
r
a
da
r
ope
r
a
ti
ons
.
F
ur
ther
mor
e
,
the
dis
tanc
e
s
be
twe
e
n
the
de
tec
ted
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
loca
ti
ons
a
nd
the
a
c
tual
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
loca
ti
on
r
a
nge
d
f
r
om
190
to
195
mete
r
s
.
Altho
ugh
ther
e
a
r
e
s
li
ght
va
r
iations
in
dis
tanc
e
,
a
ll
de
tec
ted
loca
ti
ons
we
r
e
ne
a
r
the
a
c
tual
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
loca
ti
on
.
T
a
ble
1.
I
mpl
e
menta
ti
on
tes
t
s
c
e
na
r
io
T
e
s
t
s
c
e
na
r
io
D
e
s
c
r
ip
ti
on
I
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
s
e
tu
p
P
os
it
io
n i
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
100, 500, a
nd
1,000
me
te
r
s
a
w
a
y f
r
om B
M
K
G
w
e
a
th
e
r
r
a
da
r
. V
a
r
y
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
io
n powe
r
(
0
-
30 dB
m)
.
I
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
de
te
c
ti
on t
e
s
ti
ng
M
oni
to
r
R
F
D
F
s
ys
te
m out
put
s
ig
na
ls
, r
e
c
or
d de
te
c
ti
on t
im
e
s
f
o
r
e
a
c
h i
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
ig
na
l.
T
e
s
t
w
it
h
lo
w
a
mpl
it
ude
.
I
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
lo
c
a
li
z
a
ti
on t
e
s
ti
ng
U
s
e
di
r
e
c
ti
ona
l
a
nt
e
nna
s
t
o c
a
lc
ul
a
t
e
s
pa
ti
a
l
c
oor
di
na
te
s
of
i
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
ig
na
ls
.
C
ompa
r
e
w
it
h
a
c
tu
a
l
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
l
oc
a
ti
on.
T
a
ble
2.
T
e
s
t
s
c
e
na
r
io
r
e
s
ult
wi
th
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
tr
a
n
s
mi
tt
e
r
s
e
tup
100
m
f
r
o
m
r
a
da
r
T
e
s
t
S
c
e
n
a
r
io
I
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
pow
e
r
(
dB
m)
I
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
de
te
c
ti
on
time
(
mi
nut
e
s
)
D
is
ta
nc
e
t
o
a
c
tu
a
l
lo
c
a
ti
on
(
m)
100m f
r
om R
a
da
r
, 0 dB
m
0
5
102
100m f
r
om R
a
da
r
, 10 dB
m
10
5
100
100m f
r
om R
a
da
r
, 20 dB
m
20
5
97
100m f
r
om R
a
da
r
, 30 dB
m
30
5
80
T
a
ble
3.
T
e
s
t
s
c
e
na
r
io
r
e
s
ult
wi
th
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
tr
a
n
s
mi
tt
e
r
s
e
tup
500m
f
r
om
r
a
da
r
T
e
s
t
S
c
e
n
a
r
io
I
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
pow
e
r
(
dB
m)
I
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
de
te
c
ti
on t
im
e
(
mi
nut
e
s
)
D
is
ta
nc
e
t
o
a
c
tu
a
l
lo
c
a
ti
on
(
m)
500
m f
r
om R
a
da
r
, 0 dB
m
0
8
195
500
m f
r
om
R
a
da
r
, 10 dB
m
10
8
191
500
m
f
r
om
R
a
da
r
, 20 dB
m
20
7
193
500
m
f
r
om
R
a
da
r
, 30 dB
m
30
7
190
T
h
e
c
o
nd
uc
ted
f
iel
d
te
s
ts
a
im
e
d
t
o
a
s
s
e
s
s
the
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
he
i
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
-
h
a
n
dl
in
g
R
F
DF
m
o
ni
to
r
in
g
s
ys
te
m
i
n
de
tec
t
in
g
a
n
d
l
oc
a
l
izi
ng
in
te
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
ou
r
c
e
s
a
t
a
d
is
t
a
nc
e
o
f
1
,
00
0
me
te
r
s
f
r
o
m
t
he
B
M
KG
w
e
a
the
r
r
a
da
r
.
K
e
y
pa
r
a
me
te
r
s
i
nc
lu
di
ng
in
te
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
p
owe
r
lev
e
ls
,
i
nte
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
d
e
t
e
c
ti
on
t
i
mes
,
a
n
d
th
e
dis
ta
nc
e
t
o
th
e
a
c
t
ua
l
t
r
a
ns
m
it
te
r
l
oc
a
t
io
n
we
r
e
a
n
a
l
yz
e
d
to
e
va
lua
te
t
he
s
ys
te
m's
e
f
f
e
c
t
ive
ne
s
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
lt
s
s
how
n
i
n
T
a
b
le
4
i
nd
ic
a
t
e
c
o
ns
is
te
nt
in
te
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
de
tec
ti
on
a
c
r
os
s
v
a
r
y
in
g
t
r
a
ns
m
it
te
r
p
ow
e
r
le
ve
ls
.
D
e
s
p
it
e
th
e
in
c
r
e
a
s
in
g
po
we
r
le
ve
ls
(
0
to
3
0
dB
m
)
,
t
he
i
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
de
tec
t
io
n
ti
mes
r
e
ma
ine
d
r
e
la
t
ive
ly
s
tab
le
,
r
a
ng
in
g
f
r
om
18
to
2
0
m
in
u
tes
.
T
h
is
s
u
gg
e
s
ts
tha
t
th
e
s
ys
te
m's
de
t
e
c
ti
on
c
a
p
a
b
il
i
ti
e
s
a
r
e
r
ob
us
t
a
n
d
una
f
f
e
c
t
e
d
b
y
c
h
a
n
ge
s
i
n
i
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
po
we
r
l
e
ve
ls
w
it
hi
n
t
he
tes
te
d
r
a
n
ge
.
F
u
r
t
he
r
m
o
r
e
,
t
he
d
is
tan
c
e
s
be
tw
e
e
n
th
e
de
te
c
t
e
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
nt
J
E
lec
&
C
omp
E
ng
,
Vol
.
15
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
20
25
:
414
-
424
422
i
n
te
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
loc
a
t
io
ns
a
nd
t
he
a
c
t
ua
l
t
r
a
ns
m
it
te
r
l
oc
a
t
io
n
we
r
e
mea
s
u
r
e
d
.
T
he
r
e
c
o
r
de
d
d
is
t
a
nc
e
s
r
a
ng
e
d
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
t
o
2
10
me
te
r
s
,
i
nd
ic
a
t
in
g
a
c
l
os
e
a
pp
r
ox
im
a
t
io
n
t
o
th
e
a
c
tu
a
l
t
r
a
ns
m
it
te
r
loc
a
t
i
on
.
T
he
c
ompar
a
ti
ve
a
na
lys
is
of
the
thr
e
e
tes
ti
ng
s
c
e
na
r
ios
r
e
ve
a
ls
c
ons
is
tent
pa
tt
e
r
ns
in
the
s
y
s
tem'
s
r
e
s
pons
e
to
va
r
iations
in
tes
ti
ng
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
.
S
p
e
c
if
ica
ll
y,
ther
e
is
a
li
ne
a
r
incr
e
a
s
e
in
the
in
ter
f
e
r
e
nc
e
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
powe
r
leve
ls
(
dB
m)
with
incr
e
a
s
ing
di
s
tanc
e
f
r
om
the
B
M
KG
r
a
da
r
.
How
e
ve
r
,
the
de
tec
t
ion
ti
me
of
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
r
e
mains
r
e
latively
s
table
a
t
a
r
ound
5
-
8
mi
nutes
f
o
r
dis
tanc
e
s
of
100
a
nd
500
m
f
r
om
t
he
r
a
da
r
,
ir
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
of
the
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
powe
r
leve
ls
.
Ye
t,
a
t
1,
000
m,
ther
e
is
a
n
incr
e
a
s
e
in
de
tec
ti
on
ti
me
with
higher
in
ter
f
e
r
e
nc
e
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
powe
r
lev
e
ls
.
C
onve
r
s
e
ly,
the
dis
tanc
e
to
the
a
c
tual
loca
ti
on
e
xhibi
ts
a
c
ons
is
tent
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
with
incr
e
a
s
ing
dis
tanc
e
f
r
om
the
B
M
KG
r
a
da
r
,
indi
c
a
ti
ng
the
s
ys
tem's
a
bil
it
y
to
a
c
c
ur
a
tely
identif
y
a
nd
loca
li
z
e
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
our
c
e
s
e
ve
n
a
t
gr
e
a
ter
dis
tanc
e
s
.
De
s
pit
e
thes
e
s
tr
e
ngths
,
ther
e
a
r
e
li
mi
tations
to
c
ons
ider
.
T
he
tes
t
s
c
e
na
r
ios
we
r
e
c
onduc
ted
unde
r
c
ontr
oll
e
d
c
ondit
ions
,
whic
h
may
not
f
ull
y
r
e
pli
c
a
te
the
c
ompl
e
xit
ies
of
r
e
a
l
-
wor
ld
e
nvir
onments
.
Additi
ona
ll
y,
while
the
s
ys
tem
s
howe
d
r
obus
t
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
a
t
tes
ted
dis
tanc
e
s
,
f
ur
ther
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
is
n
e
e
de
d
to
e
xplor
e
it
s
e
f
f
ica
c
y
be
yond
1,
000
mete
r
s
a
nd
in
va
r
ying
we
a
ther
c
ondit
ions
.
T
his
s
tudy
a
im
e
d
to
e
nh
a
nc
e
the
r
e
li
a
bil
it
y
of
we
a
ther
r
a
da
r
ope
r
a
ti
ons
by
int
e
g
r
a
ti
ng
R
F
DF
tec
hnology,
c
r
uc
ial
f
o
r
r
e
gions
li
ke
W
e
s
t
Ka
li
manta
n
that
e
xpe
r
ienc
e
high
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
leve
ls
.
Our
f
indi
ngs
c
onf
ir
m
the
s
ys
tem's
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
in
de
tec
ti
ng
a
nd
loca
li
z
ing
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
,
c
ontr
ibut
ing
va
luable
ins
ight
s
f
or
mete
or
ologi
c
a
l
a
ge
nc
ies
a
nd
de
c
is
ion
-
make
r
s
.
How
e
ve
r
,
que
s
ti
ons
r
e
main
r
e
ga
r
ding
t
he
s
ys
tem's
long
-
ter
m
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
a
nd
a
da
pta
bil
it
y
to
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
e
nvir
onmenta
l
c
ondit
ions
.
F
utur
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
hould
inves
ti
ga
te
thes
e
a
s
pe
c
ts
,
pos
s
ibl
y
incor
por
a
ti
ng
mor
e
e
xtens
ive
f
ield
tes
ts
a
nd
e
xplor
ing
the
int
e
gr
a
ti
on
of
R
F
DF
s
ys
tems
with
other
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
m
it
igation
tec
hnologi
e
s
.
B
y
a
ddr
e
s
s
ing
thes
e
una
ns
w
e
r
e
d
que
s
ti
ons
,
f
utur
e
s
tudi
e
s
c
a
n
f
ur
the
r
r
e
f
ine
a
nd
opti
mi
z
e
R
F
DF
tec
hnology
f
or
br
oa
de
r
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
in
mete
or
olog
y
a
nd
be
yond.
T
a
ble
4.
T
e
s
t
s
c
e
na
r
io
r
e
s
ult
wi
th
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
tr
a
n
s
mi
tt
e
r
s
e
tup
1,
000
m
f
r
om
r
a
da
r
T
e
s
t
S
c
e
n
a
r
io
I
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
pow
e
r
(
dB
m)
I
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
de
te
c
ti
on
ti
me
(
mi
nut
e
s
)
D
is
ta
nc
e
t
o a
c
tu
a
l
lo
c
a
ti
on (
m)
1,000 m f
r
om R
a
da
r
, 0 dB
m
0
18
210
1,000 m f
r
om R
a
da
r
, 10 dB
m
10
20
201
1,000 m
f
r
om R
a
da
r
, 20 dB
m
20
19
205
1,000 m f
r
om R
a
da
r
, 30 dB
m
30
18
200
5.
CONC
L
USI
ON
T
his
s
tudy
de
mons
tr
a
tes
that
the
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
-
ha
ndli
ng
R
F
DF
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
de
tec
ts
a
nd
loca
li
z
e
s
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
our
c
e
s
ne
a
r
the
B
M
KG
we
a
ther
r
a
da
r
in
W
e
s
t
Ka
li
manta
n.
T
he
s
ys
tem
s
howe
d
c
ons
is
tent
de
tec
ti
on
ti
mes
a
nd
r
e
li
a
ble
loca
li
z
a
ti
on
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
a
c
r
os
s
va
r
ious
powe
r
leve
ls
a
nd
di
s
tanc
e
s
,
highl
ight
ing
it
s
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
l
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
f
or
we
a
ther
r
a
da
r
e
nvir
onments
.
W
hil
e
our
f
indi
ngs
c
onf
ir
m
the
s
ys
tem's
potential
f
or
im
pr
oving
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
mana
ge
ment,
f
u
r
ther
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
is
ne
e
de
d
to
a
s
s
e
s
s
it
s
long
-
ter
m
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
a
nd
a
da
ptabili
ty
in
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
e
nvir
o
nmenta
l
c
ondit
ions
.
T
his
s
tudy
c
ontr
ibut
e
s
to
e
nha
nc
ing
r
a
da
r
r
e
li
a
bil
it
y
a
nd
o
f
f
e
r
s
a
f
ounda
ti
on
f
or
f
utur
e
wor
k
in
r
e
f
ini
ng
R
F
DF
tec
hnology
f
or
mete
or
ologi
c
a
l
us
e
.
AC
KNOWL
E
DGE
M
E
NT
S
T
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
tea
m
e
xp
r
e
s
s
e
s
gr
a
ti
tude
to
Unive
r
s
it
a
s
T
a
njungpur
a
f
o
r
thei
r
f
unding
s
uppor
t
a
nd
pr
ovis
ion
of
labor
a
tor
y
f
a
c
il
it
ies
f
or
thi
s
s
tudy.
W
e
would
a
ls
o
li
ke
to
e
xtend
our
a
ppr
e
c
iation
to
B
a
lai
M
onit
or
ing
F
r
e
kue
ns
i
Ke
las
I
I
,
P
onti
a
na
k,
who
s
u
ppli
e
d
the
da
ta
a
nd
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
quipm
e
nt
a
nd
c
ontr
i
buted
to
the
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
c
ompl
e
ti
on
of
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h.
RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[
1]
G
.
B
r
une
t
e
t
al
.
,
“
A
dv
a
nc
in
g
w
e
a
th
e
r
a
nd
c
li
ma
te
f
or
e
c
a
s
ti
ng
f
or
our
c
ha
ngi
ng
w
or
ld
,”
B
ul
le
ti
n
of
th
e
A
m
e
r
ic
an
M
e
te
or
ol
og
ic
al
Soc
ie
ty
, vol
. 104, no. 4, pp. E
909
–
E
927, Apr
. 2023, doi:
10.117
5/
ba
ms
-
d
-
21
-
0262.1.
[
2]
K
. S
e
ne
, “
M
e
te
or
ol
ogi
c
a
l
ob
s
e
r
va
ti
ons
,”
i
n
H
y
dr
om
e
te
o
r
ol
ogy
,
S
pr
in
ge
r
N
a
tu
r
e
S
w
it
z
e
r
la
nd, 2024, pp. 41
–
87.
[
3]
J
.
L
.
L
a
ke
,
M
.
Y
e
a
r
y,
a
nd
C
.
D
.
C
ur
ti
s
,
“
E
f
f
e
c
ts
of
r
a
di
o
f
r
e
que
nc
y
in
te
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
mi
ti
ga
ti
on
s
tr
a
te
gi
e
s
on
me
te
or
ol
ogi
c
a
l
da
t
a
,
”
in
2016 I
E
E
E
R
adar
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
(
R
adar
C
onf
)
, M
a
y 2016, pp. 1
–
5
, doi
:
10.1109/r
a
da
r
.2016.7485155.
[
4]
M
.
V
a
c
c
a
r
ono,
C
.
V
C
ha
ndr
a
s
e
ka
r
,
R
.
B
e
c
hi
ni
,
a
nd
R
.
C
r
e
mo
ni
ni
,
“
S
ur
ve
y
on
e
le
c
tr
oma
gne
ti
c
in
te
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
in
w
e
a
th
e
r
r
a
da
r
s
in
N
or
th
w
e
s
te
r
n I
ta
ly
,”
E
nv
ir
onm
e
nt
s
, vol
. 6, no. 12, De
c
. 2019, d
oi
:
10.3390/e
nvi
r
onme
nt
s
6120126.
[
5]
M
.
R
a
me
e
z
,
M
.
I
.
P
e
tt
e
r
s
s
on,
a
nd
M
.
D
a
hl
,
“
I
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
c
o
mpr
e
s
s
io
n
a
nd
mi
ti
ga
ti
on
f
or
a
ut
omot
iv
e
F
M
C
W
r
a
d
a
r
s
ys
t
e
ms
,”
I
E
E
E
Se
ns
or
s
J
ou
r
nal
, vol
. 22, no. 20, pp. 19739
–
19749, Oc
t.
2022, doi:
10.1109/j
s
e
n.2022.3204505.
[
6]
Y
.
L
i,
W
.
Z
ha
ng,
a
nd
L
.
J
i,
“
A
ut
omot
iv
e
r
a
da
r
mut
ua
l
in
te
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
mi
ti
ga
ti
on
ba
s
e
d
on
H
ough
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
in
ti
me
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
doma
in
,”
ar
X
iv
:
2307.04326
, 2023.
[
7]
U
.
L
.
R
ohde
,
A
.
K
.
P
odda
r
,
a
nd
A
.
M
.
S
il
a
ghi
,
“
M
oni
to
r
in
g
r
a
di
os
:
d
yna
mi
c
s
a
nd
e
me
r
gi
ng
tr
e
nds
,”
in
2018
I
E
E
E
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
E
lec
&
C
omp
E
ng
I
S
S
N:
2088
-
8708
E
nhanc
ing
monitor
ing
s
y
s
tem
s
w
it
h
int
e
r
fer
e
nc
e
-
h
andli
ng
r
adio
fr
e
que
nc
y
…
(
E
k
a
K
us
umaw
ar
dhani
)
423
Sy
m
pos
iu
m
on C
ir
c
ui
ts
and Sy
s
te
m
s
(
I
SC
A
S)
, M
a
y 2018, vol. 7
5, pp. 1
–
5, doi:
10.1109/i
s
c
a
s
.2018.8351835.
[
8]
M
.
T
a
o, J
.
S
u,
Y
.
H
ua
ng,
a
nd
L
.
W
a
ng,
“
M
it
ig
a
ti
on
of
r
a
di
o
f
r
e
que
nc
y
in
te
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
in
s
ynt
h
e
ti
c
a
pe
r
tu
r
e
r
a
da
r
da
ta
:
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
t
a
tu
s
a
nd f
ut
ur
e
t
r
e
nds
,”
R
e
m
ot
e
Se
ns
in
g
, vol
. 11, no. 20, Oc
t.
2019,
doi
:
10.3390/r
s
11202438.
[
9]
P
.
C
he
ng,
Z
.
C
he
n,
M
.
D
in
g,
Y
.
L
i,
B
.
V
uc
e
ti
c
,
a
nd
D
.
N
iy
a
to
,
“
S
pe
c
tr
um
in
te
ll
ig
e
nt
r
a
di
o:
t
e
c
hnol
ogy,
de
ve
lo
pme
nt
,
a
nd
f
ut
ur
e
tr
e
nds
,”
I
E
E
E
C
om
m
uni
c
at
io
ns
M
agaz
in
e
, vol
. 58, no. 1, pp. 12
–
18, J
a
n. 2020, doi:
10.1109/m
c
om.001.1900200.
[
10]
H
. L
i,
“
T
a
mi
ng a
nd l
e
ve
r
a
gi
ng i
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
i
n mobi
le
r
a
da
r
ne
t
w
or
ks
,”
ar
X
iv
:
2011.08803
, 2020.
[
11]
A
.
A
hme
d,
D
.
V
a
lt
in
e
r
,
C
.
T
homos
,
a
nd
F
.
D
ie
la
c
he
r
,
“
W
ir
e
le
s
s
c
onne
c
ti
vi
ty
in
in
dus
tr
ia
l
s
e
ns
or
a
nd
c
ont
r
ol
ne
tw
or
ks
:
C
ha
ll
e
nge
s
a
nd
is
s
u
e
s
in
a
r
e
a
l
im
pl
e
me
nt
a
ti
on
f
or
a
s
ma
r
t
pr
oduc
ti
on
us
e
-
c
a
s
e
,”
2020
25t
h
I
E
E
E
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
E
m
e
r
gi
ng T
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
and F
ac
to
r
y
A
ut
om
at
io
n (
E
T
F
A
)
,
S
e
p.
2020,
pp.
302
-
309
,
doi
:
10.1109/e
tf
a
46521.2020.9211995.
[
12]
T
.
O
ye
da
r
e
,
V
.
K
.
S
ha
h,
D
.
J
.
J
a
kubi
s
in
,
a
nd
J
.
H
.
R
e
e
d,
“
I
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
uppr
e
s
s
io
n
u
s
in
g
de
e
p
le
a
r
ni
ng:
c
ur
r
e
nt
a
ppr
oa
c
he
s
a
nd
ope
n c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
,
”
I
E
E
E
A
c
c
e
s
s
, vol
. 10, pp. 66238
–
66266, 2022, doi:
10.1109/ac
c
e
s
s
.2022.3185124.
[
13]
M
.
U
me
hi
r
a
,
T
.
O
kuda
,
X
.
W
a
ng,
S
.
T
a
ke
d
a
,
a
nd
H
.
K
ur
oda
,
“
A
n
a
da
pt
iv
e
in
te
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
de
te
c
ti
on
a
nd
s
uppr
e
s
s
io
n
s
c
he
me
u
s
in
g
it
e
r
a
ti
ve
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
f
or
a
ut
omot
iv
e
F
M
C
W
r
a
da
r
s
,”
2020
I
E
E
E
R
adar
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
(
R
adar
C
onf
20)
,
S
e
p.
2020,
pp.
1
-
5,
doi
:
10.1109/r
a
da
r
c
onf
2043947.2020.9266712.
[
14]
M
. D
. G
r
a
z
ia
no, A. R
e
nga
, a
nd A
.
M
oc
c
ia
,
“
I
nt
e
gr
a
ti
on of
a
ut
oma
ti
c
i
de
nt
if
ic
a
ti
on s
ys
te
m (
A
I
S
)
da
ta
a
nd s
in
gl
e
-
c
ha
nne
l
s
ynt
h
e
ti
c
a
pe
r
tu
r
e
r
a
da
r
(
S
A
R
)
im
a
ge
s
by
S
A
R
-
ba
s
e
d
s
hi
p
ve
lo
c
it
y
e
s
ti
ma
ti
on
f
or
ma
r
it
im
e
s
it
ua
ti
ona
l
a
w
a
r
e
ne
s
s
,”
R
e
m
ot
e
Se
n
s
in
g
,
vol
.
11, no. 19, S
e
p. 2019, doi:
10.3390/r
s
11192196.
[
15]
X
.
J
i,
X
.
W
u,
Q
.
Y
a
ng,
a
nd
X
.
Z
ha
ng,
“
O
ve
r
vi
e
w
of
io
nos
phe
r
e
c
lu
tt
e
r
s
uppr
e
s
s
io
n
f
or
hi
gh
f
r
e
que
nc
y
s
ur
f
a
c
e
w
a
ve
r
a
da
r
(
H
F
S
W
R
)
s
ys
te
m:
O
b
s
e
r
va
ti
on,
a
ppr
oa
c
he
s
,
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
a
nd
o
pe
n
is
s
u
e
,”
I
E
T
R
adar
,
Sonar
&
N
av
ig
at
io
n
,
vol
.
17,
no.
12,
pp. 1743
–
1759, S
e
p. 2023, doi:
10.1049/r
s
n2.12476.
[
16]
S
.
A
ll
a
nd,
W
.
S
ta
r
k,
M
.
A
li
,
a
nd
M
.
H
e
gde
,
“
I
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
in
a
ut
omot
iv
e
r
a
da
r
s
ys
te
ms
:
c
ha
r
a
c
te
r
is
ti
c
s
,
mi
ti
ga
ti
on
te
c
hni
que
s
,
a
nd
c
ur
r
e
nt
a
nd f
ut
ur
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,”
I
E
E
E
Si
gnal
P
r
oc
e
s
s
in
g M
agaz
in
e
, vol
. 36, no. 5, pp. 45
–
59, 2019, doi:
10.1109/m
s
p.2019.2908214.
[
17]
D
.
L
of
ù,
P
.
D
i
G
e
nna
r
o,
P
.
T
e
de
s
c
hi
,
T
.
D
i
N
oi
a
,
a
nd
E
.
D
i
S
c
ia
s
c
io
,
“
U
R
A
N
U
S
:
R
a
di
o
f
r
e
que
nc
y
tr
a
c
ki
ng,
c
l
a
s
s
if
ic
a
ti
on
a
nd
id
e
nt
if
ic
a
ti
on
of
unma
nne
d
a
ir
c
r
a
f
t
ve
hi
c
le
s
,”
I
E
E
E
O
pe
n
J
our
nal
of
V
e
hi
c
ul
ar
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
,
vol
.
4,
pp.
921
–
935,
2023,
doi
:
10.1109/oj
vt
.2023.3333676.
[
18]
D
.
S
.
I
lč
e
v,
“
N
e
w
a
s
pe
c
ts
of
pr
ogr
e
s
s
in
th
e
mod
e
r
ni
z
a
ti
on
of
th
e
ma
r
it
im
e
r
a
di
o
di
r
e
c
ti
on
f
in
de
r
s
(
R
D
F
)
,”
T
r
an
s
ac
ti
ons
on
M
ar
it
ime
Sc
ie
nc
e
, vol
. 10, no. 1, pp. 68
–
83, Apr
. 2021, doi:
10.7225/t
oms
.v10.n01.005.
[
19]
C
.
D
.
T
.
J
.
P
a
r
k,
C
.
D
.
T
.
N
.
P
e
a
r
c
e
,
A
.
A
c
ki
e
,
F
.
V
a
s
s
a
ll
o,
a
nd
K
.
J
.
D
un
c
a
n,
“
D
yn
a
mi
c
a
ll
y
r
e
c
onf
ig
ur
a
bl
e
di
r
e
c
ti
on
-
f
in
di
ng
a
nt
e
nna
a
r
r
a
y
f
or
unma
nn
e
d
a
e
r
ia
l
s
ys
t
e
ms
,”
2021
I
E
E
E
21s
t
A
nnual
W
ir
e
le
s
s
and
M
ic
r
ow
a
v
e
T
e
c
hnol
og
y
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
(
W
A
M
I
C
O
N
)
,
A
pr
. 2021,
pp. 1
-
5,
doi
:
10.1109/wa
mi
c
on47156.
2021.9443604.
[
20]
O
. N
. S
kr
ypni
k,
R
adi
o nav
ig
at
io
n s
y
s
te
m
s
f
or
ai
r
po
r
ts
and air
w
ay
s
. S
pr
in
ge
r
S
in
ga
por
e
, 2019.
[
21]
J
.
C
a
i,
H
.
Z
hou,
W
.
H
ua
ng,
a
nd
B
.
W
e
n,
“
S
hi
p
de
te
c
ti
on
a
nd
d
ir
e
c
ti
on
f
in
di
ng
ba
s
e
d
on
ti
me
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
n
a
ly
s
is
f
or
c
ompa
c
t
H
F
r
a
da
r
,”
I
E
E
E
G
e
os
c
ie
nc
e
and R
e
m
ot
e
Se
n
s
in
g L
e
tt
e
r
s
, vol
. 18,
no. 1, pp. 72
–
76, J
a
n. 2021, doi:
10.1109/l
gr
s
.2020.2967387.
[
22]
D
.
S
e
li
movi
ć
,
J
.
L
e
r
ga
,
J
.
P
r
pi
ć
-
O
r
š
ić
,
a
nd
S
.
K
e
nj
i,
“
I
mpr
ovi
ng
th
e
pe
r
f
or
ma
nc
e
of
dyna
mi
c
s
hi
p
pos
it
io
ni
ng
s
ys
te
ms
:
a
r
e
vi
e
w
of
f
il
te
r
in
g
a
nd
e
s
ti
ma
ti
on
te
c
hni
que
s
,”
J
our
nal
of
M
ar
in
e
Sc
ie
nc
e
and
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
,
vol
.
8,
no.
4,
M
a
r
.
2020,
doi
:
10.3390/j
ms
e
8040234.
[
23]
C
. W
a
ng, X. Z
hu, a
nd
X
. L
i,
“
I
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
uppr
e
s
s
io
n ba
s
e
d o
n s
in
gl
e
-
c
ha
nne
l
bl
in
d s
our
c
e
s
e
pa
r
a
ti
on i
n w
e
a
th
e
r
r
a
da
r
,”
i
n
2
019
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on M
e
te
or
ol
ogy
O
b
s
e
r
v
at
io
ns
(
I
C
M
O
)
, 2019, vol. 13, pp. 1
–
4, doi:
10.1109/i
c
mo49322.2019.9025
99
2.
[
24]
Y
.
L
i
a
nd
D
.
A
.
R
a
ml
i,
“
A
dv
a
nc
e
s
in
ti
me
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
na
l
ys
is
f
or
bl
in
d
s
our
c
e
s
e
pa
r
a
ti
on:
C
ha
ll
e
ng
e
s
,
c
ont
r
ib
ut
io
ns
,
a
nd
e
me
r
gi
ng t
r
e
nds
,”
I
E
E
E
A
c
c
e
s
s
, vol
. 11, pp. 137450
–
137474, 2
023, doi:
10.1109/ac
c
e
s
s
.2023.3338024.
[
25]
H
. W
a
ng, M
. W
a
ng,
J
. L
i,
L
. S
ong, a
nd Y
. H
a
o, “
A
nove
l
s
ig
na
l
s
e
pa
r
a
ti
on me
th
od ba
s
e
d on im
pr
ove
d s
p
a
r
s
e
non
-
ne
ga
ti
ve
ma
tr
ix
f
a
c
to
r
iz
a
ti
on,”
E
nt
r
opy
, vol
. 21, no. 5, Apr
. 2019, doi:
10.3390/e21050445
.
[
26]
S
.
C
he
n,
P
.
S
to
c
ke
l,
J
.
T
a
ghi
a
,
U
.
K
ühna
u,
a
nd
R
. M
a
r
ti
n,
“
I
te
r
a
ti
ve
2D
s
pa
r
s
e
s
ig
na
l
r
e
c
ons
tr
uc
ti
on w
it
h
ma
s
k
e
d
r
e
s
id
u
a
l
upd
a
te
s
f
or
a
ut
omot
iv
e
r
a
da
r
in
te
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
mi
ti
ga
ti
on,”
E
U
R
A
SI
P
J
our
nal
on
A
dv
anc
e
s
in
Si
gnal
P
r
oc
e
s
s
in
g
,
vol
.
2022,
no.
1,
A
pr
.
2022,
doi
:
10.1186/s
13634
-
022
-
00863
-
6.
[
27]
J
.
R
oc
k,
W
.
R
ot
h,
M
.
T
ot
h,
P
.
M
e
i
s
s
ne
r
,
a
nd
F
.
P
e
r
nkopf
,
“
R
e
s
our
c
e
-
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
de
e
p
ne
ur
a
l
ne
twor
ks
f
or
a
ut
omot
iv
e
r
a
da
r
in
te
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
mi
ti
ga
ti
on,”
I
E
E
E
J
our
nal
of
Se
le
c
te
d
T
opi
c
s
in
Si
gnal
P
r
oc
e
s
s
in
g
,
vol
.
15,
no.
4,
pp.
927
–
940,
J
un.
2021,
doi
:
10.1109/j
s
ts
p.2021.3062452.
[
28]
S
.
S
a
pona
r
a
,
M
.
S
.
G
r
e
c
o,
a
nd
F
.
G
in
i,
“
R
a
da
r
-
on
-
c
hi
p/
in
-
p
a
c
ka
ge
in
a
ut
onomous
dr
iv
in
g
ve
hi
c
le
s
a
nd
in
te
ll
ig
e
nt
tr
a
ns
por
t
s
ys
te
ms
:
O
ppor
tu
ni
ti
e
s
a
nd
c
ha
ll
e
ng
e
s
,”
I
E
E
E
Si
gnal
P
r
oc
e
s
s
in
g
M
agaz
in
e
,
vol
.
36,
no.
5,
pp.
71
–
84,
S
e
p.
2019,
doi
:
10.1109/m
s
p.2019.2909074.
[
29]
F
.
E
nge
ls
,
P
.
H
e
id
e
nr
e
ic
h,
M
.
W
in
te
r
ma
nt
e
l,
L
.
S
ta
c
ke
r
,
M
.
A
l
K
a
di
,
a
nd
A
.
M
.
Z
oubi
r
,
“
A
ut
omot
iv
e
r
a
da
r
s
ig
na
l
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g:
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
di
r
e
c
ti
ons
a
nd
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
l
c
h
a
ll
e
nge
s
,
”
I
E
E
E
J
our
nal
of
Se
le
c
te
d
T
opi
c
s
in
Si
gnal
P
r
o
c
e
s
s
in
g
,
vol
.
15,
no.
4,
pp.
865
–
8
78,
J
un. 2021, doi:
10.1109/j
s
ts
p.2021.3063666.
[
30]
X
.
G
uo,
J
.
S
u,
a
nd
N
.
Z
hu,
“
I
nt
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
uppr
e
s
s
io
n
a
lg
or
it
hm
ba
s
e
d
on
s
hor
t
ti
me
f
r
a
c
ti
ona
l
F
our
ie
r
t
r
a
ns
f
or
m,”
Se
ns
or
s
,
vol
.
24, no. 6, M
a
r
. 2024, doi:
10.3390/s
24061785.
B
I
OG
RA
P
HI
E
S
OF
AU
T
HO
RS
Eka
Kus
um
a
w
a
rdha
n
i
s
erv
es
a
s
a
l
ect
u
rer
i
n
t
h
e
D
ep
ar
t
men
t
o
f
E
l
ect
r
i
cal
E
n
g
i
n
eeri
n
g
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
Facu
l
t
y
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
eer
i
n
g
at
U
n
i
v
ers
i
t
a
s
T
an
j
u
n
g
p
u
ra.
Sh
e
h
o
l
d
s
b
o
t
h
b
ach
e
l
o
r’
s
an
d
mas
t
e
r’s
d
e
g
ree
s
fro
m
T
e
l
k
o
m
U
n
i
v
ers
i
t
y
.
T
h
ro
u
g
h
o
u
t
h
er
acad
em
i
c
j
o
u
r
n
ey
,
E
k
a
h
as
d
emo
n
s
t
ra
t
ed
a
s
t
r
o
n
g
p
as
s
i
o
n
f
o
r
w
i
re
l
es
s
co
mmu
n
i
cat
i
o
n
an
d
Io
T
s
y
s
t
em
s
.
Sh
e
h
a
s
b
een
a
n
IE
E
E
memb
er
s
i
n
ce
2
0
1
6
,
i
n
i
t
i
a
l
l
y
as
a
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
memb
er
a
n
d
l
at
er
a
s
a
fu
l
l
mem
b
er
s
i
n
ce
2
0
2
2
,
act
i
v
el
y
e
n
g
a
g
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
I
E
E
E
Co
m
mu
n
i
cat
i
o
n
So
c
i
et
y
an
d
IE
E
E
S
i
g
n
a
l
Pro
ces
s
i
n
g
S
o
ci
e
t
y
.
A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
al
l
y
,
s
h
e
h
as
ac
t
i
v
el
y
co
n
t
ri
b
u
t
ed
t
o
v
ari
o
u
s
co
n
feren
ce
s
,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
A
PCC
2
0
1
6
,
ICSi
g
S
y
s
2
0
1
9
,
an
d
W
PMC
2
0
1
7
.
Sh
e
can
b
e
reach
ed
v
i
a
emai
l
at
ek
aw
ar
d
h
a
n
i
@
ee.
u
n
t
a
n
.
ac.
i
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.