I
n
t
e
r
n
at
ion
al
Jou
r
n
al
of
E
lec
t
r
ical
an
d
Com
p
u
t
e
r
E
n
gin
e
e
r
in
g
(
I
JE
CE
)
Vol.
15
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
20
25
,
pp.
448
~
454
I
S
S
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DO
I
:
10
.
11591/i
jec
e
.
v
15
i
1
.
pp
4
48
-
454
448
Jou
r
n
al
h
omepage
:
ht
tp:
//
ij
e
c
e
.
iaes
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R
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im
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p
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Ayong
Hi
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yaif
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F
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F
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a
nj
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s
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y, P
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na
k, I
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Ar
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f
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AB
S
T
RA
CT
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
tor
y
:
R
e
c
e
ived
M
a
y
23,
2024
R
e
vis
e
d
S
e
p
11,
2024
Ac
c
e
pted
Oc
t
1,
2024
G
rai
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d
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en
v
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a
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p
arame
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a
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s
u
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t
h
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g
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t
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p
a
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d
y
g
ra
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n
p
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d
u
c
t
i
o
n
p
ro
ce
s
s
.
A
real
-
t
i
me
m
o
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i
t
o
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g
s
y
s
t
em
re
q
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rap
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o
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l
i
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e,
an
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accu
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meas
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res
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In
t
h
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p
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ra
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t
emp
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(L
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).
T
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-
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mo
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g
s
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Fro
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ay
rece
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ed
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s
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y
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u
re,
an
d
rel
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m
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y
d
at
a
d
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t
h
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p
ad
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y
g
rai
n
d
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g
p
ro
ce
s
s
fr
o
m
2
5
%
mo
i
s
t
u
re
c
o
n
t
en
t
d
o
w
n
t
o
1
4
%
.
Reg
ar
d
i
n
g
mo
i
s
t
u
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e
co
n
t
e
n
t
,
t
h
e
acc
u
racy
o
f
real
-
t
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me
m
o
n
i
t
o
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n
g
i
n
f
o
rmat
i
o
n
w
a
s
co
n
f
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rmed
w
i
t
h
a
d
i
rect
mea
s
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reme
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t
met
h
o
d
,
res
u
l
t
i
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g
i
n
a
ro
o
t
mean
s
q
u
are
erro
r
(RMSE
)
o
f
6
.
1
7
%
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
Gr
a
in
dr
ying
I
ndir
e
c
t
method
L
ong
-
r
a
nge
ga
tew
a
y
M
ois
tur
e
c
ontent
S
e
ns
or
s
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
Ayong
Hie
ndr
o
De
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
M
e
c
ha
nica
l
E
nginee
r
ing
,
F
a
c
ult
y
of
E
nginee
r
ing
,
T
a
njungpur
a
Unive
r
s
it
y
J
a
lan
P
r
of
.
Dr
.
H.
Ha
da
r
i
Na
wa
wi,
P
onti
a
na
k
7812
4,
Ka
li
manta
n
B
a
r
a
t,
I
ndone
s
ia
E
mail:
a
yong
.
hiendr
o@e
e
.
untan.
a
c
.
id
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
R
ice
is
a
c
e
r
e
a
l
g
r
a
in
f
r
om
the
gr
a
s
s
s
pe
c
ies
Or
yz
a
s
a
ti
va
,
a
s
taple
f
ood
f
or
mos
t
pe
ople
in
As
ia,
L
a
ti
n
Ame
r
ica
,
a
nd
Af
r
ica
.
T
he
qua
li
ty
of
r
ice
de
p
e
nds
on
the
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent,
e
xt
r
a
c
ti
on
r
a
te
(
pe
r
c
e
ntage
of
br
oke
n
r
ice
)
,
c
lea
nli
ne
s
s
,
a
nd
whitene
s
s
/pol
is
he
d
d
e
gr
e
e
[
1]
.
T
he
r
ice
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing
a
f
f
e
c
ts
it
s
qua
li
ty,
u
l
ti
mate
ly
de
ter
mi
ning
c
ons
umer
pr
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
a
nd
r
ice
pr
ice
s
.
Af
ter
th
r
e
s
hing,
the
ha
r
ve
s
ted
pa
ddy
(
r
ough
r
ice
k
e
r
ne
l)
is
s
ti
ll
e
nc
los
e
d
by
it
s
hus
k.
S
e
ve
r
a
l
s
tage
s
of
the
pos
t
-
ha
r
ve
s
t
pa
ddy
gr
a
in
include
dr
ying
,
s
tor
a
ge
,
a
nd
mi
ll
ing
.
T
he
dr
ying
p
r
oc
e
s
s
is
a
c
r
uc
ial
s
tage
a
nd
a
im
s
to
r
e
duc
e
the
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
be
f
or
e
it
is
s
tor
e
d
a
nd
f
ur
ther
p
r
oc
e
s
s
e
d
int
o
r
ice
.
As
the
hygr
os
c
opic
mate
r
ial,
pa
ddy
g
r
a
in
qua
li
ty
de
pe
nds
on
the
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
leve
l
[
2]
,
[
3]
.
High
mo
is
tur
e
c
ontent
lea
ds
to
r
a
pid
f
iber
de
gr
a
da
ti
on
,
making
the
pa
ddy
g
r
a
i
n
too
f
r
a
il
to
mi
ll
.
Additi
ona
ll
y
,
s
tor
ing
the
m
ois
t
gr
a
in
pr
omot
e
s
mol
d
gr
owth
[
4
]
a
nd
c
a
us
e
s
gr
a
in
dis
c
ol
or
a
ti
on.
I
n
t
r
opica
l
r
e
gions
,
the
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
of
f
r
e
s
h
p
os
t
-
ha
r
ve
s
t
pa
ddy
gr
a
in
ge
ne
r
a
ll
y
r
a
nge
s
be
twe
e
n
20%
a
nd
28%
,
de
pe
nding
on
the
dr
y
o
r
r
a
iny
s
e
a
s
on
[
5]
.
T
he
pa
ddy
ha
s
to
be
dr
ied
pr
ope
r
ly
to
p
r
otec
t
a
ga
ins
t
gr
a
in
de
ter
ior
a
ti
on
.
T
he
pa
ddy
gr
a
in
with
a
maxi
mum
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
of
14%
is
s
a
f
e
a
ga
ins
t
f
u
nga
l
a
nd
mi
c
r
o
-
ba
c
ter
ial
a
c
ti
vit
y
a
nd
c
a
n
be
s
tor
e
d
f
or
up
to
3
mont
hs
be
f
o
r
e
mi
l
li
ng.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
E
lec
&
C
omp
E
ng
I
S
S
N:
2088
-
8708
R
e
al
-
ti
me
paddy
gr
ain
dr
y
ing
and
monitor
ing
s
y
s
tem
us
ing
long
r
ange
-
int
e
r
ne
t
of
thi
ngs
…
(
A
y
ong
Hie
ndr
o
)
449
T
wo
methods
a
r
e
c
omm
only
us
e
d
to
c
onduc
t
the
pa
ddy
gr
a
in
dr
ying
pr
oc
e
s
s
:
na
tur
a
ll
y
a
nd
a
r
ti
f
icia
ll
y
[
6
]
.
T
he
na
tur
a
l
d
r
ying
method
is
whe
n
the
we
t
pa
ddy
gr
a
in
is
lef
t
to
dr
y
unde
r
na
tur
a
l
s
unli
ght
a
nd
wind
c
ondit
ions
.
T
his
p
r
oc
e
s
s
typi
c
a
ll
y
r
e
quir
e
s
3
to
5
da
ys
of
d
r
ying
in
s
unny
we
a
ther
c
ondit
i
ons
with
a
n
a
ve
r
a
ge
a
ir
tempe
r
a
tur
e
of
25
C
to
30
C
.
T
he
na
tur
a
l
dr
ying
method
is
we
a
ther
-
de
pe
nde
nt,
a
nd
c
ons
e
que
ntl
y,
it
pe
r
f
o
r
ms
a
s
low
dr
ying
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
T
he
a
r
ti
f
icia
l
d
r
ying
method
invol
ve
s
hot
a
i
r
dr
ying
[
4]
,
[
7]
,
ove
n
dr
ying
[
8]
,
mi
c
r
owa
ve
d
r
ying
[
7]
,
[
8]
,
va
c
u
um
dr
ying
[
9
]
,
a
nd
e
lec
tr
ic
he
a
ter
dr
ying
[
10
]
.
T
h
e
s
tudi
e
s
r
e
por
ted
that
the
a
r
ti
f
icia
l
dr
ying
method
pe
r
f
o
r
m
s
be
tt
e
r
than
na
tur
a
l
dr
ying
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
the
na
tur
a
l
dr
ying
method
ha
s
no
c
ontr
ol
ove
r
a
ir
f
low
,
tempe
r
a
tur
e
,
a
nd
r
e
lative
humi
dit
y,
whe
r
e
a
s
thes
e
c
ondit
ions
c
a
n
be
we
ll
c
ontr
oll
e
d
in
the
a
r
ti
f
icia
l
dr
ying
method.
A
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem
is
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
to
e
ns
ur
e
the
dr
ying
p
r
oc
e
s
s
r
uns
a
ppr
op
r
iate
ly.
I
n
f
or
mation
r
e
ga
r
ding
he
a
ted
a
ir
ve
locity,
tempe
r
a
tur
e
,
a
nd
r
e
lative
humi
dit
y
be
c
omes
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
f
or
gr
a
in
d
r
y
ing.
T
he
he
a
ted
a
ir
ve
locity
,
tempe
r
a
tur
e
,
a
nd
r
e
lative
hum
idi
ty
s
hould
be
c
a
r
e
f
ull
y
moni
tor
e
d
a
nd
maintaine
d
dur
ing
dr
ying
to
c
onf
i
r
m
p
r
oduc
t
qua
li
ty
a
nd
s
a
f
e
ty
[
11
]
.
W
a
ng
e
t
al
.
[
10]
us
e
d
a
n
A/D
modul
e
,
a
tem
pe
r
a
tur
e
mea
s
ur
e
ment
modul
e
,
a
nd
a
we
ighi
ng
modul
e
to
r
e
c
or
d
the
a
ir
tempe
r
a
tur
e
,
a
ir
humi
dit
y,
gr
a
in
tem
pe
r
a
tur
e
,
a
nd
gr
a
in
we
ight
dur
ing
the
dr
ying
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
Vivi
a
ne
e
t
al
.
[
12]
buil
t
a
c
onti
nuous
moni
tor
ing
f
o
r
the
c
or
n
gr
a
in
dr
ying.
T
he
y
us
e
d
a
s
mar
tphone
a
nd
a
li
qui
d
c
r
ys
tal
dis
play
to
moni
tor
tempe
r
a
tur
e
,
r
e
lative
humi
dit
y,
a
nd
li
ght
int
e
ns
it
y
du
r
ing
d
r
ying.
T
he
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
of
gr
a
in
a
f
f
e
c
ts
it
s
qua
li
ty
a
nd
long
-
ter
m
s
tor
a
bil
it
y.
R
e
a
l
-
ti
me
moni
tor
ing
of
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
dur
ing
the
dr
ying
p
r
oc
e
s
s
plays
a
vit
a
l
r
ole
in
a
c
hieving
the
de
s
ir
e
d
gr
a
in
dr
ying
r
a
te.
W
it
h
the
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem,
ove
r
d
r
ying
a
nd
unde
r
dr
ying,
whic
h
lea
d
to
the
pr
oduc
ti
on
of
lo
w
-
qua
li
ty
dr
y
gr
a
in
,
c
a
n
be
a
voided.
Ove
r
dr
ying
r
e
s
ult
s
in
c
r
a
c
king
a
nd
los
s
of
viabil
it
y,
whe
r
e
a
s
unde
r
dr
y
ing
may
pr
oduc
e
moi
s
t
gr
a
in
that
is
not
r
e
a
dy
to
be
s
tor
e
d
f
or
a
c
e
r
tain
pe
r
iod
.
How
e
ve
r
,
mea
s
ur
ing
the
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
of
the
gr
a
in
is
one
of
the
main
di
f
f
iculti
e
s
a
s
s
oc
iate
d
with
the
r
e
quir
e
ment
f
or
s
pe
c
if
ic
m
e
a
s
ur
ing
ins
tr
uments
.
T
he
r
e
a
r
e
two
methods
f
or
mea
s
ur
ing
the
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
of
gr
a
in:
di
r
e
c
t
a
nd
indi
r
e
c
t
mea
s
ur
e
ments
.
Dir
e
c
t
mea
s
ur
e
ments
a
r
e
mor
e
a
c
c
ur
a
te
than
indi
r
e
c
t
one
s
but
a
r
e
t
im
e
-
c
ons
umi
ng
a
nd
r
e
quir
e
s
pe
c
ial
f
a
c
il
it
ies
.
I
ndir
e
c
t
mea
s
ur
e
ments
a
r
e
wid
e
ly
us
e
d
be
c
a
u
s
e
of
their
a
c
c
e
s
s
ibi
li
ty
a
nd
f
a
s
t
r
e
s
pons
e
.
Kha
ir
e
tdi
nova
e
t
al
.
[
13]
int
r
oduc
e
d
a
method
ba
s
e
d
on
the
de
pe
nde
nc
e
of
tempe
r
a
tu
r
e
a
nd
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
a
nd
it
s
gr
a
dient
to
mea
s
ur
e
gr
a
in
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent.
T
his
method
ha
d
the
a
bil
i
ty
to
moni
tor
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
in
the
r
a
nge
of
13
%
-
20%
.
L
iu
e
t
al
.
[
14]
de
s
igned
a
n
onli
ne
gr
a
in
r
e
s
is
tanc
e
s
e
ns
or
to
de
tec
t
gr
a
in
moi
s
tur
e
dur
ing
d
r
ying.
T
he
gr
a
in
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
wa
s
then
obtaina
ble
thr
ough
f
r
e
que
nc
y
s
ignals
,
te
mper
a
tur
e
nonli
ne
a
r
c
or
r
e
c
ti
on
,
a
nd
moi
s
tur
e
c
a
li
br
a
ti
on
in
a
mathe
matica
l
model.
Ha
y
e
t
al
.
[
15
]
us
e
d
a
nothe
r
wa
y
to
de
ter
mi
ne
gr
a
in
moi
s
tur
e
leve
l
by
us
ing
a
n
e
quil
ib
r
ium
c
ur
ve
a
t
a
s
pe
c
if
ic
tempe
r
a
tur
e
.
Anothe
r
r
e
lat
e
d
s
tudy
on
indi
r
e
c
t
mea
s
ur
e
ments
wa
s
pr
opo
s
e
d
by
Hu
a
nd
J
iang
[
16]
,
who
e
mpl
oye
d
a
pa
r
a
ll
e
l
plate
c
a
pa
c
it
or
to
pe
r
f
or
m
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
mon
it
or
ing
of
g
r
a
in
moi
s
tur
e
c
o
ntent
in
a
dr
ye
r
.
I
n
thi
s
wa
y,
a
m
icr
oc
omput
e
r
wa
s
a
ppli
e
d
to
c
onve
r
t
f
r
e
que
nc
y
da
ta
c
oll
e
c
ted
f
r
om
the
c
a
pa
c
it
or
int
o
gr
a
in
mo
is
tur
e
c
ontent
va
lues
.
I
n
a
noth
e
r
s
tudy,
L
e
wis
e
t
al
.
[
17]
f
ound
that
the
indi
r
e
c
t
mea
s
ur
e
m
e
nt
us
ing
the
c
or
r
e
lation
be
twe
e
n
tempe
r
a
tur
e
a
nd
r
e
lative
humi
dit
y
ha
d
low
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
r
e
s
ult
s
in
gr
a
in
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
va
lues
.
T
his
wa
s
due
to
the
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
o
f
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
de
ter
mi
na
ti
on
de
c
r
e
a
s
ing
s
igni
f
ica
ntl
y
a
t
h
igh
tempe
r
a
tur
e
s
a
nd
r
e
lative
humi
dit
y
.
M
os
t
of
the
a
f
o
r
e
mentioned
s
tudi
e
s
we
r
e
li
mi
ted
t
o
inves
ti
ga
ti
ng
va
r
ious
g
r
a
in
dr
ying
methods
a
nd
de
ve
lopi
ng
ins
tr
uments
to
mea
s
ur
e
gr
a
in
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent.
I
n
thi
s
s
tudy,
a
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem
wa
s
c
ons
tr
uc
ted
to
mea
s
ur
e
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
a
s
s
oc
iate
d
with
the
pa
ddy
gr
a
in
d
r
ying
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
s
uc
h
a
s
the
he
a
ted
a
ir
ve
locity,
tempe
r
a
tur
e
,
r
e
lative
hu
mi
dit
y,
a
nd
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent.
T
he
dr
ying
pr
oc
e
s
s
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
we
r
e
moni
tor
e
d
c
onti
nuous
ly
us
ing
long
-
r
a
nge
int
e
r
ne
t
of
thi
ngs
(
L
oR
a
-
I
oT
)
platf
o
r
ms
.
E
xpe
r
im
e
ntal
inves
ti
ga
ti
ons
we
r
e
a
ls
o
c
a
r
r
ied
out
to
moni
tor
the
inf
or
mation
obtaine
d
f
r
om
the
d
r
ying
pr
oc
e
s
s
a
nd
s
e
nd
the
da
ta
f
r
om
L
oR
a
c
omm
unica
ti
ons
to
the
int
e
r
ne
t
o
f
thi
ngs
(
I
o
T
)
c
loud
.
I
n
thi
s
wa
y,
the
s
tor
e
d
mea
s
ur
e
d
da
ta
c
ould
be
r
e
a
d
a
t
a
ny
ti
me
f
or
t
r
a
c
e
a
bil
it
y
of
d
r
y
gr
a
in
pr
oduc
ti
on.
I
n
ter
ms
o
f
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
,
the
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
moni
to
r
ing
r
e
s
ult
s
wa
s
c
onf
ir
med
with
a
dir
e
c
t
mea
s
ur
e
ment
method.
2.
M
E
T
HO
D
2.
1.
Re
al
-
t
im
e
m
on
it
or
in
g
s
ys
t
e
m
F
igur
e
1
s
hows
the
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem
f
or
a
gr
a
in
dr
ye
r
.
T
he
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
moni
to
r
ing
s
ys
tem
c
ons
is
ts
of
s
e
ns
or
s
,
L
oR
a
,
a
nd
I
o
T
plat
f
or
ms
.
A
c
a
pa
c
it
ive
gr
a
in
moi
s
tur
e
s
e
ns
or
[
18
]
,
[
19]
is
a
ppli
e
d
to
mea
s
ur
e
the
mo
is
tur
e
c
ontent
(
M
C
)
of
g
r
a
in,
a
nd
d
if
f
e
r
e
nt
types
o
f
s
e
ns
or
s
a
r
e
a
ls
o
us
e
d
f
o
r
the
mea
s
ur
e
ment
of
he
a
ted
a
ir
ve
locity
(
v)
,
tempe
r
a
tu
r
e
(
T
)
,
a
n
d
r
e
lative
humi
d
it
y
(
R
H)
ins
ide
the
dr
ye
r
.
T
he
s
e
ns
or
s
c
onti
nuous
ly
de
tec
t
v,
T
,
R
H,
a
nd
M
C
,
then
s
e
nd
thes
e
s
ignals
to
a
n
E
S
P
32
c
hip
a
s
the
inf
or
mation
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing
unit
.
T
he
E
S
P
32
is
a
low
-
powe
r
mi
c
r
oc
ontr
oll
e
r
with
int
e
gr
a
ted
wir
e
les
s
f
idelit
y
(
Wi
-
Fi
)
[
20]
.
L
oR
a
is
uti
li
z
e
d
a
s
a
wir
e
les
s
platf
or
m
of
the
I
oT
f
o
r
long
-
dis
tanc
e
s
ignal
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion.
I
t
is
de
s
igned
to
pr
ovide
c
omm
unica
ti
ons
be
twe
e
n
the
s
e
ns
or
s
,
e
nd
node
,
ga
tew
a
y,
a
nd
c
loud
s
e
r
ve
r
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
1
.
T
he
main
a
dva
ntage
of
L
oR
a
is
that
it
c
omm
unica
tes
in
r
a
dio
ba
nds
s
o
that
it
c
a
n
ope
r
a
te
in
a
r
e
a
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
nt
J
E
lec
&
C
omp
E
ng
,
Vol
.
15
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
20
25
:
448
-
4
54
450
whe
r
e
int
e
r
ne
t
ne
twor
ks
a
r
e
not
a
va
il
a
ble.
Additi
ona
ll
y,
i
t
ha
s
a
long
-
dis
tanc
e
s
ignal
c
ove
r
a
ge
.
T
he
L
oR
a
platf
or
m
ha
s
a
ga
tew
a
y
a
nd
a
n
e
nd
node
.
T
he
L
oR
a
e
nd
node
a
nd
ga
tew
a
y
a
r
e
ins
talled
with
E
S
P
32
c
hips
.
E
S
P
32
c
hips
a
r
e
c
a
pa
ble
of
c
onne
c
ti
ng
to
s
e
ns
or
s
a
nd
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
de
vice
s
.
T
he
e
nd
node
is
the
e
dge
de
vice
with
low
bit
r
a
tes
,
a
nd
it
c
oll
e
c
ts
da
ta
f
r
om
s
e
ns
or
s
a
nd
s
e
nds
them
to
the
ga
tew
a
y.
I
n
the
e
nd
node
,
the
E
S
P
32
c
hip
is
us
e
d
to
s
a
ve
the
mea
s
ur
ing
da
ta
f
r
om
s
e
ns
or
s
.
T
he
ga
tew
a
y
ha
s
the
r
e
s
pons
ibi
li
ty
of
r
e
c
e
ivi
ng
da
ta
f
r
om
the
e
nd
node
a
nd
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
ing
the
da
ta
to
the
ne
twor
k.
T
he
ga
tew
a
y
r
e
c
e
ives
da
ta
f
r
om
the
e
nd
node
via
L
oR
a
wir
e
les
s
without
r
e
quir
ing
a
n
int
e
r
ne
t
c
onn
e
c
ti
on.
I
n
the
ga
tew
a
y,
the
E
S
P
32
c
hip
is
us
e
d
to
tr
a
ns
mi
t
da
ta
to
the
c
loud
s
e
r
ve
r
ove
r
W
i
-
F
i,
e
ther
ne
t,
or
c
e
ll
ular
.
As
s
e
e
n
in
F
igu
r
e
1
,
the
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
moni
t
or
ing
is
done
us
ing
a
c
omput
e
r
b
r
ows
e
r
thr
ough
Anta
r
e
s
,
t
he
T
e
lkom
I
ndone
s
ia
I
oT
platf
or
m.
F
igur
e
1.
R
e
a
l
-
ti
me
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem
2
.
2
.
E
xp
e
r
im
e
n
t
al
s
e
t
u
p
I
nit
ially,
the
pos
t
-
ha
r
ve
s
t
pa
ddy
gr
a
in
with
a
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
of
25%
is
int
r
oduc
e
d
int
o
the
dr
ye
r
by
pour
ing
it
manua
ll
y
.
I
n
thi
s
s
tudy,
the
dr
y
ing
pr
oc
e
s
s
is
c
onve
c
ti
ve
,
with
he
a
t
s
uppli
e
d
by
hot
a
ir
.
T
he
he
a
ted
a
ir
ve
locity
is
s
e
t
a
t
12.
5
m/
s
dur
ing
the
dr
ying
p
r
oc
e
s
s
to
ge
t
opt
im
um
d
is
tr
ibut
ion
a
ir
f
lows
[
21]
.
Hot
a
i
r
f
lows
in
the
dr
ying
c
ha
mber
,
a
nd
the
pa
ddy
g
r
a
in
r
e
c
e
ives
the
hot
a
ir
e
ve
nly,
whic
h
r
a
is
e
s
the
tempe
r
a
tur
e
of
the
gr
a
in
to
a
c
e
r
tain
leve
l.
M
e
a
nwhile,
the
dr
yin
g
c
ha
mber
tempe
r
a
tur
e
is
s
e
t
to
a
maximu
m
of
5
5
C
to
pr
e
ve
nt
ove
r
he
a
ti
ng,
whic
h
i
mpac
ts
the
r
ice
qua
li
ty.
Xu
e
t
al
.
[
22
]
r
e
c
omm
e
nde
d
opti
mal
pa
ddy
dr
ying
tempe
r
a
tur
e
s
be
twe
e
n
45
C
a
nd
60
C
.
F
inally,
the
pa
ddy
gr
a
in
is
unloade
d
whe
n
the
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
r
e
a
c
he
s
14%
.
Ac
c
or
ding
to
F
lor
e
t
al
.
[
23]
,
hygr
os
c
opic
gr
a
ins
with
a
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
a
bove
14
%
a
r
e
not
s
a
f
e
to
s
tor
e
be
c
a
us
e
they
c
a
n
tr
igger
the
g
r
owth
o
f
f
ungi,
ins
e
c
ts
,
a
nd
ge
r
ms
.
S
e
ns
or
s
a
r
e
ins
talled
dir
e
c
tl
y
ins
ide
the
dr
ying
c
ha
mber
f
or
da
ta
c
oll
e
c
ti
on.
T
he
v,
T
,
R
H,
a
nd
M
C
da
ta
a
r
e
c
onti
nuous
ly
moni
to
r
e
d
dur
ing
the
tes
ts
.
T
he
mea
s
ur
ing
da
ta
a
r
e
c
oll
e
c
ted
a
nd
r
e
c
or
de
d
e
ve
r
y
15
s
e
c
onds
.
T
he
da
ta
a
r
e
then
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
via
L
o
R
a
-
I
oT
platf
o
r
ms
.
T
he
pe
r
f
o
r
manc
e
of
L
oR
a
de
pe
nd
s
on
the
s
pr
e
a
ding
f
a
c
tor
(
S
F
)
,
ba
ndwidth
(
B
W
)
,
a
nd
c
o
ding
r
a
te
(
C
R
)
.
T
he
c
ombi
na
ti
on
o
f
thes
e
thr
e
e
va
lues
de
ter
mi
ne
s
the
s
uc
c
e
s
s
r
a
te
of
da
ta
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion.
I
n
thi
s
s
tudy,
L
oR
a
is
c
onf
igur
e
d
to
the
be
s
t
S
F
,
B
W
,
a
nd
C
R
va
lues
to
c
ove
r
da
ta
c
omm
unica
ti
ons
a
t
a
dis
t
a
nc
e
of
2
km
.
F
u
r
ther
mor
e
,
the
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
c
omm
unica
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
the
e
nd
node
a
nd
ga
tew
a
y
is
indi
c
a
ted
by
the
r
e
c
e
ived
s
ignal
s
tr
e
ngth
indi
c
a
tor
(
R
S
S
I
)
,
s
ignal
-
to
-
nois
e
r
a
ti
o
(
S
NR
)
,
a
nd
ti
me
on
a
ir
(
T
oA)
va
lues
.
S
e
pa
r
a
tely,
a
dir
e
c
t
de
ter
mi
na
ti
on
of
the
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
of
pa
ddy
gr
a
in
is
c
onduc
ted
on
a
we
t
ba
s
is
us
ing
the
a
s
s
oc
iation
of
of
f
icia
l
a
na
lyt
ica
l
c
he
mi
s
ts
(
AOAC
)
gr
a
vim
e
tr
ic
pr
oc
e
dur
e
a
s
de
s
c
r
ibed
in
[
24]
a
nd
then
c
a
lcula
ted
a
s
(
1)
:
=
−
×
100%
(
1)
whe
r
e
MC
,
we
t
s
a
mpl
e
mas
s
(
WM
)
,
a
nd
dr
y
s
a
mpl
e
mas
s
(
DM
)
a
r
e
the
mo
is
tur
e
c
ontent
“
%
”
,
the
we
t
s
a
mpl
e
mas
s
“
kg
”
,
a
nd
the
dr
y
s
a
mpl
e
ma
s
s
“
kg
”
,
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
I
n
thi
s
pr
oc
e
dur
e
,
the
pa
ddy
gr
a
in
s
a
mpl
e
is
c
oll
e
c
ted
e
ve
r
y
10
mi
nutes
.
T
he
we
t
ba
s
is
moi
s
tur
e
c
onten
t
of
pa
ddy
g
r
a
in
is
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d
a
s
a
pe
r
c
e
ntage
of
moi
s
tur
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
E
lec
&
C
omp
E
ng
I
S
S
N:
2088
-
8708
R
e
al
-
ti
me
paddy
gr
ain
dr
y
ing
and
monitor
ing
s
y
s
tem
us
ing
long
r
ange
-
int
e
r
ne
t
of
thi
ngs
…
(
A
y
ong
Hie
ndr
o
)
451
ba
s
e
d
on
we
t
mas
s
.
T
he
dir
e
c
t
method
is
us
e
d
a
s
t
he
be
nc
hmar
k
f
or
e
va
luating
the
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
the
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
moni
tor
ing
r
e
s
ult
s
of
the
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
o
f
pa
d
dy
gr
a
in
f
or
it
s
high
r
e
li
a
bil
it
y.
I
n
thi
s
c
a
s
e
,
the
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
moni
tor
ing
r
e
s
ult
s
a
r
e
us
e
d
a
s
the
indi
r
e
c
t
mea
s
ur
e
d
da
ta.
M
e
a
nwhile,
the
r
oot
mea
n
s
qua
r
e
e
r
r
or
(
R
M
S
E
)
method
is
a
ppli
e
d
to
c
ompar
e
the
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
be
tw
e
e
n
the
indi
r
e
c
t
a
nd
the
di
r
e
c
t
mea
s
ur
e
d
da
ta.
T
h
e
R
M
S
E
va
lue
is
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d
a
s
(
2)
:
=
√
1
∑
[
(
)
−
(
)
]
2
=
1
×
100%
(
2)
whe
r
e
is
the
nu
mber
o
f
mea
s
ur
e
d
da
ta,
while
(
)
a
nd
(
)
a
r
e
the
mo
is
tur
e
c
ontent
with
indi
r
e
c
t
a
nd
dir
e
c
t
methods
,
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
3.
RE
S
UL
T
S
AN
D
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
L
o
R
a
ha
s
t
h
r
e
e
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
S
F
,
B
W
,
a
nd
C
R
to
b
e
a
p
pr
op
r
ia
te
ly
s
e
t
to
e
ns
u
r
e
t
he
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
u
l
c
om
m
un
ica
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
the
e
n
d
no
de
a
nd
ga
tew
a
y
.
T
h
e
s
e
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
in
f
lu
e
nc
e
t
o
t
he
s
p
e
e
d
a
n
d
d
is
ta
nc
e
r
a
n
ge
o
f
da
ta
t
r
a
ns
mi
s
s
io
n
.
T
he
S
F
va
lu
e
s
f
r
om
7
t
o
12
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
S
F
is
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
f
o
r
lo
ng
dis
ta
nc
e
c
om
m
un
ica
t
io
n
bu
t
r
e
qu
i
r
e
s
mo
r
e
t
im
e
o
n
a
i
r
to
s
e
n
d
d
a
t
a
f
r
om
t
he
e
n
d
n
o
de
to
t
he
ga
t
e
wa
y
.
T
he
r
e
a
r
e
t
h
r
e
e
B
W
va
lues
:
12
5
,
25
0,
a
nd
50
0
k
Hz
.
T
he
B
W
o
f
12
5
k
Hz
is
b
e
t
te
r
f
o
r
a
l
a
r
g
e
d
is
t
a
n
c
e
,
w
hi
le
50
0
kHz
is
f
o
r
a
f
a
s
t
t
r
a
ns
mi
s
s
io
n
.
I
n
t
e
r
ms
o
f
C
R
,
L
oR
a
ha
s
f
o
u
r
op
t
io
ns
:
4/
5
,
4
/6
,
4
/7
,
a
n
d
4
/8
.
T
he
v
a
l
ue
4
/5
is
t
he
b
i
gge
s
t
C
R
a
nd
the
s
mal
l
e
s
t
C
R
i
s
4/
8
.
T
he
la
r
g
e
r
C
R
of
f
e
r
s
th
e
f
a
s
te
r
d
a
t
a
t
r
a
ns
m
is
s
i
o
n
.
I
n
th
is
s
t
ud
y
,
t
he
be
s
t
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
c
o
mb
ina
t
io
n
f
o
r
L
o
R
a
d
a
t
a
c
om
mu
ni
c
a
ti
ons
be
twe
e
n
t
r
a
ns
m
it
te
r
s
a
nd
r
e
c
e
i
ve
r
s
a
t
a
d
is
t
a
nc
e
o
f
2
k
m
a
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
in
T
a
bl
e
1
,
L
o
R
a
is
s
e
t
to
w
o
r
k
a
t
S
F
,
B
W
,
a
nd
C
R
o
f
12
,
12
5
kH
z
,
a
nd
4
/
5
r
e
s
p
e
c
ti
ve
ly
.
I
ndica
tor
s
of
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
L
oR
a
c
omm
unica
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
the
L
oR
a
e
nd
node
a
nd
L
oR
a
ga
tew
a
y
a
r
e
the
R
S
S
I
,
S
NR
,
a
nd
T
oA.
F
r
om
the
e
xpe
r
im
e
nt
,
the
R
S
S
I
,
S
NR
,
T
oA
va
lues
a
r
e
-
112
dB
m,
-
8.
7
dB
,
a
nd
981
ms
,
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly,
a
s
pr
e
s
e
nted
in
T
a
ble
1.
I
t
s
hould
be
note
that
the
wor
s
t
R
S
S
I
is
-
120
dB
m
a
nd
L
oR
a
c
a
n
de
modul
a
te
s
ignals
in
the
r
a
nge
of
-
7.
5
a
nd
-
2
0
dB
.
T
he
va
lue
-
20
dB
indi
c
a
tes
the
wor
s
t
s
ignal
qua
li
ty.
Highe
r
T
o
A
mea
ns
s
pe
nding
mor
e
ti
me
in
da
ta
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
f
r
om
e
nd
the
node
to
ga
tew
a
y
[
25
]
a
n
d
he
nc
e
,
e
ntails
mor
e
ba
tt
e
r
y
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umpt
ion.
T
he
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
in
pa
ddy
gr
a
in
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
ob
t
a
ined
f
r
om
both
indi
r
e
c
t
a
nd
d
ir
e
c
t
mea
s
ur
e
ments
dur
ing
the
dr
ying
pr
oc
e
s
s
is
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
2.
T
he
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
f
r
om
25%
to
14
%
withi
n
6630
s
e
c
onds
or
110.
5
mi
nutes
.
F
r
om
thi
s
gr
a
ph
it
c
a
n
a
ls
o
be
s
e
e
n
that
the
indi
r
e
c
t
mea
s
ur
e
ment
ha
s
the
s
a
me
tr
e
nd
with
the
di
r
e
c
t
mea
s
ur
e
ment.
I
t
is
f
oun
d
that
the
R
M
S
E
va
lue
be
twe
e
n
the
two
methods
i
s
6.
17%
,
indi
c
a
ti
ng
that
the
indi
r
e
c
t
mea
s
ur
e
d
da
ta
is
in
a
gr
e
e
ment
with
the
di
r
e
c
t
mea
s
ur
e
d
da
ta.
T
a
ble
1.
T
he
be
s
t
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
a
nd
pe
r
f
o
r
manc
e
of
L
oR
a
P
a
r
a
me
te
r
s
P
e
r
f
or
ma
nc
e
SF
B
W
(
kH
z
)
CR
R
S
S
I
(
dB
m)
S
N
R
(
dB
)
T
o
A
(
ms
)
12
125
4/
5
-
112
-
8.7
981
F
igur
e
2.
M
ois
tur
e
c
ontent
o
f
pa
ddy
g
r
a
ins
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
nt
J
E
lec
&
C
omp
E
ng
,
Vol
.
15
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
20
25
:
448
-
4
54
452
T
he
tempe
r
a
tur
e
in
dr
ying
c
ha
mber
is
s
hown
in
F
i
gur
e
3.
T
he
tempe
r
a
tu
r
e
is
li
m
it
e
d
to
a
maximum
tempe
r
a
tur
e
of
55
C
to
pr
e
ve
nt
ove
r
he
a
ti
ng
.
W
h
e
n
the
r
ice
is
f
ir
s
t
put
int
o
the
dr
ying
c
ha
mber
,
t
he
r
e
is
a
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
in
the
tempe
r
a
tur
e
be
c
a
us
e
pa
ddy
gr
a
in
with
high
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
a
f
f
e
c
ts
the
tempe
r
a
tur
e
of
the
dr
ying
c
ha
mber
.
Ac
c
or
ding
to
F
igur
e
2
a
nd
F
igur
e
3,
the
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
in
the
gr
a
in
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
a
s
the
dr
ying
c
ha
mber
tempe
r
a
tur
e
incr
e
a
s
e
s
.
Du
r
ing
the
d
r
ying
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
the
tempe
r
a
tur
e
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
be
twe
e
n
the
c
ha
mber
a
nd
the
gr
a
in
c
a
us
e
s
the
higher
tempe
r
a
tu
r
e
a
i
r
to
t
r
a
ns
f
e
r
he
a
t
e
ne
r
gy
to
the
gr
a
in
,
thus
r
a
i
s
ing
the
tempe
r
a
tur
e
of
the
g
r
a
in.
T
he
dr
iv
ing
f
o
r
c
e
,
the
d
if
f
e
r
e
nc
e
in
moi
s
tur
e
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
the
gr
a
in
a
nd
the
hot
a
ir
,
tr
igger
s
a
n
e
va
por
a
ti
on
p
r
oc
e
s
s
whic
h
r
e
duc
e
s
the
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
in
the
gr
a
in
.
R
e
d
uc
ing
the
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
of
gr
a
in
take
s
ti
me
be
c
a
us
e
of
the
s
low
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
wa
ter
dif
f
us
ion
f
r
om
the
ins
ide
to
the
s
ur
f
a
c
e
of
the
gr
a
in
.
He
a
t
e
ne
r
gy
br
e
a
ks
the
phy
s
ica
l
a
nd
c
he
mi
c
a
l
bonds
be
twe
e
n
wa
ter
a
nd
gr
a
in
whic
h
c
a
us
e
s
the
mas
s
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
of
wa
ter
f
r
om
the
gr
a
in
to
the
a
ir
.
T
he
r
e
lative
humi
dit
y
in
dr
y
ing
c
ha
mber
is
s
how
n
in
F
igur
e
4.
R
e
lative
hu
mi
dit
y
de
ter
mi
ne
s
the
a
mount
of
wa
ter
c
ontaine
d
in
the
a
ir
ins
ide
the
dr
ying
c
ha
mber
.
Apa
r
t
f
r
om
that
,
the
r
e
lative
hum
i
dit
y
a
ls
o
indi
c
a
tes
the
a
bil
it
y
o
f
the
dr
y
ing
a
ir
to
a
c
c
omm
o
da
te
wa
ter
that
e
va
por
a
tes
f
r
om
the
gr
a
in.
At
the
b
e
ginni
ng
of
the
dr
ying
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
the
r
e
lative
hum
idi
ty
is
s
ti
l
l
high
be
c
a
us
e
a
lot
o
f
wa
ter
ha
s
e
va
por
a
ted
f
r
om
the
we
t
gr
a
in.
T
he
r
e
lative
hum
idi
ty
in
the
dr
ying
c
ha
mber
r
e
duc
e
s
ove
r
ti
me
in
the
gr
a
in
dr
ying
p
r
oc
e
s
s
,
be
c
a
us
e
the
a
ir
tempe
r
a
tur
e
incr
e
a
s
e
s
due
to
hot
a
ir
f
low
a
n
d
the
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
in
the
g
r
a
in
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
.
T
he
high
tempe
r
a
tur
e
of
the
dr
ying
a
ir
c
a
us
e
s
low
a
ir
humi
dit
y
s
o
that
mor
e
wa
ter
c
a
n
be
a
bs
or
be
d
by
the
dr
ying
a
ir
.
T
hus
,
low
a
i
r
humi
di
ty
is
r
e
qui
r
e
d
f
o
r
a
good
d
r
ying
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
I
n
the
e
nd,
the
a
ir
humi
dit
y
in
th
e
dr
ying
c
ha
mber
e
qua
ls
the
humi
dit
y
o
f
the
hot
a
i
r
f
low
e
nt
e
r
ing
the
d
r
ying
c
ha
mber
.
Dur
ing
the
dr
ying
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
the
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem
s
hows
a
c
on
s
tant
he
a
ted
a
ir
ve
locity
of
12.
5
m/
s
a
nd
the
tempe
r
a
tu
r
e
of
the
dr
ying
c
ha
mber
is
c
ontr
oll
e
d
a
t
a
maximum
va
lue
o
f
55
C
.
Hi
ghe
r
a
ir
tempe
r
a
tur
e
s
a
nd
gr
e
a
ter
dr
ying
a
ir
ve
lociti
e
s
c
a
n
indee
d
s
pe
e
d
up
the
dr
ying
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
but
r
e
s
ult
in
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
dr
ying
the
r
mal
e
f
f
icie
nc
y.
I
n
o
ther
wor
ds
,
the
a
mo
unt
of
he
a
t
e
ne
r
gy
pr
ovided
to
the
gr
a
in
is
lar
ge
,
h
owe
ve
r
,
mos
t
of
thi
s
he
a
t
e
ne
r
gy
is
not
uti
li
z
e
d
but
is
wa
s
ted
int
o
the
e
nvir
onment.
F
r
om
the
a
f
o
r
e
mentioned
r
e
s
ult
s
,
the
L
oR
a
-
I
o
T
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem
of
f
e
r
s
the
a
dva
ntage
in
ins
pe
c
ti
ng
pa
ddy
dr
ying
c
ondit
ions
r
e
mot
e
ly.
He
nc
e
,
the
s
tatus
of
the
dr
ying
pr
oc
e
s
s
c
a
n
be
r
e
c
or
de
d
a
nd
a
na
lyze
d
pr
ope
r
ly.
I
n
thi
s
manne
r
,
de
c
is
ions
c
a
n
be
take
n
im
media
tely
to
e
nha
nc
e
the
qua
li
ty
of
dr
y
gr
a
in
ba
s
e
d
on
inf
o
r
mation
f
r
om
the
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
moni
to
r
in
g
s
ys
tem.
T
he
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
of
thi
s
tec
hnology
obvio
us
ly
ha
s
a
good
im
pa
c
t
on
the
pos
t
-
ha
r
ve
s
t
pa
ddy
pr
oc
e
s
s
i
ng.
Although
L
oR
a
ha
s
dif
f
iculty
in
s
e
nding
lar
ge
pa
c
ke
ts
of
da
ta
ove
r
long
dis
tanc
e
s
,
it
is
a
de
qua
te
to
de
a
l
with
s
e
nding
s
mall
da
ta
c
oll
e
c
ted
f
r
om
s
e
ns
or
s
s
uc
h
a
s
he
a
ted
a
ir
ve
locity,
tempe
r
a
tur
e
,
r
e
lative
humi
dit
y
,
a
nd
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
.
F
igur
e
3.
T
e
mper
a
tu
r
e
in
dr
ying
c
ha
mber
F
igur
e
4.
R
e
lative
humi
dit
y
in
d
r
ying
c
ha
mber
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
A
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
pa
ddy
gr
a
in
dr
ying
a
nd
moni
tor
ing
s
y
s
tem
wa
s
de
ve
lop
e
d
us
ing
s
e
n
s
or
s
,
L
oR
a
,
a
nd
I
oT
platf
or
ms
.
B
y
us
ing
E
S
P
32
c
hips
a
nd
L
oR
a
-
I
oT
platf
or
ms
,
it
wa
s
pos
s
ibl
e
to
moni
tor
gr
a
in
d
r
ying
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
onli
ne
,
e
na
bli
ng
tr
e
nd
a
na
lys
is
,
a
nd
e
a
r
ly
int
e
r
ve
nti
on
whe
n
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y.
T
he
pa
ddy
gr
a
in
dr
ying
m
onit
or
ing
s
ys
tem
us
ing
I
oT
a
ll
owe
d
us
e
r
s
to
obtain
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
inf
or
mation
on
the
dr
ying
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
T
he
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
s
ys
tem
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
d
the
incoming
da
ta
in
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
a
nd
ga
ve
im
media
te
r
e
s
pons
e
s
.
L
oR
a
ha
d
the
a
dva
ntage
to
tr
a
ns
mi
t
da
ta
f
r
om
a
r
e
a
without
int
e
r
ne
t
c
onne
c
ti
on
to
ga
tew
a
y.
W
it
h
L
oR
a
-
I
oT
,
it
wa
s
pos
s
ibl
e
to
r
e
mot
e
ly
a
c
c
e
s
s
the
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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nt
J
E
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&
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omp
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ng
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R
e
al
-
ti
me
paddy
gr
ain
dr
y
ing
and
monitor
ing
s
y
s
tem
us
ing
long
r
ange
-
int
e
r
ne
t
of
thi
ngs
…
(
A
y
ong
Hie
ndr
o
)
453
dr
ying
s
ys
tem
a
nd
c
ontr
ol
i
t
f
r
om
a
nywhe
r
e
.
T
his
L
oR
a
-
I
oT
s
ys
tem
a
ls
o
e
na
bled
c
onti
nuous
mea
s
ur
e
ment
of
gr
a
in
moi
s
tur
e
c
ontent
a
t
a
n
a
c
c
e
ptable
leve
l
o
f
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
f
or
nor
mal
dr
ying
ope
r
a
ti
ons
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
the
L
oR
a
-
I
oT
s
ys
tem
of
f
e
r
e
d
a
r
e
li
a
ble
f
r
a
mew
or
k
f
o
r
dr
ying
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me.
T
he
s
tudy
a
ls
o
de
m
ons
tr
a
ted
that
the
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
tem
ha
d
the
a
bil
it
y
to
pr
ovide
f
a
s
t
a
nd
pr
e
c
is
e
inf
or
mation
r
e
ga
r
din
g
he
a
ted
a
ir
ve
locity,
tempe
r
a
tu
r
e
,
r
e
lative
humi
dit
y,
a
nd
m
ois
tur
e
c
ontent
f
r
om
a
dis
tanc
e
of
2
km
with
a
t
im
e
on
a
ir
of
981
ms
.
Ac
c
or
ding
to
the
a
c
hieve
ments
of
thi
s
s
tudy,
the
f
ur
ther
s
tudy
c
a
n
be
c
a
r
r
ied
out
to
c
ontr
ol
a
ll
c
omm
unica
ti
on
a
nd
dr
ying
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
a
utom
a
ti
c
a
l
ly.
AC
KNOWL
E
DGE
M
E
NT
S
W
e
gr
a
tef
ull
y
a
c
knowle
dge
the
f
unding
f
r
om
DI
P
A
F
T
-
UN
T
AN
2024.
RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[
1]
Z
.
Z
hou,
X
.
W
a
ng,
X
.
S
i,
C
.
B
la
nc
h
a
r
d,
a
nd
P
.
S
tr
a
ppe
,
“
T
he
a
ge
in
g
me
c
ha
ni
s
m
of
s
to
r
e
d
r
ic
e
:
a
c
onc
e
pt
mode
l
f
r
om
th
e
p
a
s
t
to
th
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
,”
J
ou
r
nal
of
St
or
e
d P
r
oduc
ts
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
, vol
. 64, pp.
80
–
87, Oc
t.
2015, doi:
10.1016/j
.j
s
pr
.2015.09.004.
[
2]
J
.
W
a
n
g,
X
.
S
u
n,
Y
.
X
u,
Q
.
W
a
ng
,
H
.
T
a
n
g,
a
n
d
W
.
Z
ho
u,
“
T
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
of
h
a
r
v
e
s
t
d
a
t
e
o
n
yi
e
l
d
lo
s
s
of
l
on
g
a
nd
s
h
or
t
-
gr
a
i
n
r
i
c
e
c
u
lt
i
v
a
r
s
(
O
r
y
z
a
s
a
ti
v
a
L
.
)
i
n
N
or
t
he
a
s
t
C
h
in
a
,
”
E
u
r
op
e
a
n
J
ou
r
nal
o
f
A
g
r
o
no
m
y
,
v
ol
.
13
1,
N
ov
.
20
21
,
do
i:
10
.1
01
6/
j.
e
j
a
.2
02
1.
12
638
2
.
[
3]
N
.
M
.
A
z
a
d,
A
.
A
li
z
a
de
h,
A
.
K
.
J
a
hr
omi
,
A
.
E
.
T
or
ka
ma
ni
,
S
.
B
a
gha
e
i,
a
nd
F
.
M
.
A
ba
r
ghue
i,
“
E
f
f
e
c
ts
of
th
e
r
modyna
mi
c
pr
ope
r
ti
e
s
of
r
ic
e
a
nd
a
mbi
e
nt
c
ondi
ti
ons
on
moi
s
tu
r
e
mi
gr
a
ti
on
dur
in
g
s
to
r
a
ge
a
t
na
tu
r
a
ll
y
ve
nt
il
a
te
d
w
a
r
e
hous
e
s
,”
A
r
a
bi
an
J
our
nal
of
C
he
m
is
t
r
y
, vol
. 16, no. 7, 2023, doi
:
10.1016/j
.a
r
a
bj
c
.2023.104761.
[
4]
K
.
A
.
J
im
oh,
N
.
H
a
s
hi
m,
R
.
S
ha
ms
udi
n,
H
.
C
.
M
a
n,
M
.
J
a
ha
r
i,
a
nd
D
.
I
.
O
nw
ude
,
“
R
e
c
e
nt
a
dva
nc
e
s
in
th
e
dr
yi
ng
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
gr
a
in
s
,”
F
ood E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g R
e
v
ie
w
s
, vol
. 15, no. 3, pp. 548
–
576
, S
e
p. 2023, doi:
10.1007/s
12393
-
023
-
09333
-
7.
[
5]
N
.
V
H
ung,
T
.
V
T
ua
n,
P
.
M
e
a
s
,
C
. J
.
M
.
T
a
do, M
.
A
.
K
ya
w
,
a
nd
M
.
G
umm
e
r
t,
“
B
e
s
t
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
s
f
or
pa
ddy
dr
yi
ng:
c
a
s
e
s
tu
di
e
s
in
V
ie
tn
a
m,
C
a
mbodi
a
,
P
hi
li
ppi
ne
s
,
a
nd
M
ya
nma
r
,”
P
la
nt
P
r
oduc
ti
on
Sc
ie
nc
e
,
vol
.
22,
no.
1,
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107
–
118,
2019,
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:
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[
6]
P
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M
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A
z
e
ve
do,
a
nd
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.
L
.
d.
S
il
va
,
“
D
r
yi
ng
ki
n
e
ti
c
s
of
A
ma
r
a
nt
hus
c
r
ue
nt
us
‘
B
R
S
A
le
gr
ia
’
s
e
e
ds
in
na
tu
r
a
l
a
nd
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
me
th
ods
,”
R
e
v
is
ta
B
r
as
il
e
ir
a
de
E
nge
nhar
ia
A
gr
íc
ol
a
e
A
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bi
e
nt
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c
ha
r
a
c
te
r
is
ti
c
s
of
r
ic
e
by
mi
c
r
ow
a
ve
a
nd
hot
a
ir
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yi
ng,”
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nal
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ow
a
ve
dr
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a
nd
ove
n
-
dr
yi
ng
te
c
hni
que
s
f
or
moi
s
tu
r
e
de
te
r
mi
na
ti
on
of
th
r
e
e
pa
ddy
(
O
r
y
z
a
s
at
iv
a
L
.
)
va
r
ie
t
ie
s
,”
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he
m
i
c
al
and
B
io
lo
gi
c
al
T
e
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v
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c
r
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a
ve
-
va
c
uum
dr
yi
ng
a
s
a
lt
e
r
na
t
iv
e
s
to
c
onve
c
ti
ve
dr
yi
ng
in
ba
r
le
y
ma
lt
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g,”
I
nnov
at
iv
e
F
ood
Sc
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gr
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r
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T
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a
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m
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r
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a
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me
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c
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a
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ba
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moi
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D
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l
moi
s
tu
r
e
,
humi
di
ty
,
a
nd
l
iq
ui
d
le
ve
l
us
in
g
C
P
W
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ba
s
e
d
in
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r
di
gi
ta
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c
a
pa
c
it
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tr
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nt
e
d
f
ood
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a
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w
a
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hous
e
tr
a
c
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a
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s
ys
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or
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nt
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fi
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I
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tr
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gl
ut
in
ous
r
ic
e
c
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a
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ke
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ge
va
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bl
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te
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a
tu
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e
dr
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os
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-
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-
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yi
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th
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or
th
e
de
te
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mi
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ti
on
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c
ont
e
nt
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di
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A
N
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g
a
pe
r
ma
ne
nt
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