I
n
t
e
r
n
at
ion
al
Jou
r
n
al
of
E
lec
t
r
ical
an
d
Com
p
u
t
e
r
E
n
gin
e
e
r
in
g
(
I
JE
CE
)
Vol.
15
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
20
25
,
pp.
635
~
644
I
S
S
N:
2088
-
8708
,
DO
I
:
10
.
11591/i
jec
e
.
v
15
i
1
.
pp
6
35
-
644
635
Jou
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omepage
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tp:
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ngi
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in
g, K
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Ar
t
icle
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o
AB
S
T
RA
CT
A
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ti
c
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h
is
tor
y
:
R
e
c
e
ived
Apr
10,
2024
R
e
vis
e
d
S
e
p
19,
2024
Ac
c
e
pted
Oc
t
1,
2024
W
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-
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s
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g
e
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w
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er
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ag
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t
s
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s
t
ems
.
K
e
y
w
o
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d
s
:
De
mand
s
ide
mana
ge
ment
F
uz
z
y
logi
c
I
nter
ne
t
of
thi
ngs
W
a
ter
c
ons
e
r
va
ti
on
W
a
ter
wa
s
tage
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
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t
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l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
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ce
n
s
e.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
J
e
ya
R
a
janba
bu
De
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
C
omput
ing
T
e
c
hnologi
e
s
,
S
R
M
I
ns
ti
tut
e
of
S
c
ienc
e
a
nd
T
e
c
hnology
Ka
tt
a
nkulathur
,
C
he
nna
i,
I
ndia
E
mail:
jeya
r
@s
r
mi
s
t.
e
du
.
in
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
W
a
ter
is
a
va
luable
na
tur
a
l
r
e
s
our
c
e
that
ha
s
be
e
n
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
to
a
ll
li
f
e
on
E
a
r
th
s
ince
the
be
ginni
ng
of
ti
me.
I
t
is
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
to
our
e
ve
r
yda
y
a
c
ti
vit
ies
,
including
indus
tr
ial
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
,
c
lea
ning,
ba
thi
ng,
a
nd
i
r
r
igation
[
1]
,
[
2]
.
F
r
om
a
gr
icultur
a
l
ir
r
igation
to
indus
tr
ial
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
,
f
r
om
hous
e
hold
c
ons
umpt
ion
to
e
nvi
r
o
nmenta
l
pr
e
s
e
r
va
ti
on,
wa
ter
holds
a
pivo
tal
r
ole
in
e
ns
ur
in
g
the
we
ll
-
be
ing
a
nd
pr
os
pe
r
it
y
of
c
omm
unit
ies
w
or
ldwide
[
3]
,
[
4]
.
One
c
omm
on
s
our
c
e
of
wa
ter
wa
s
tage
is
the
ove
r
f
low
f
r
om
tanks
,
r
e
s
e
r
voir
s
,
a
nd
other
s
tor
a
ge
f
a
c
il
it
ies
[
5]
.
T
he
pr
e
ve
nti
on
o
f
wa
ter
wa
s
tage
plays
a
huge
pa
r
t
f
or
the
s
us
taina
ble
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
of
a
c
ountr
y.
T
his
ha
s
to
be
done
in
e
ve
r
y
hous
e
hold
in
a
de
tail
e
d
leve
l
to
ge
t
maximum
r
e
s
ult
s
[
6]
.
T
o
manua
ll
y
mana
ge
wa
ter
leve
ls
will
pr
ove
to
be
a
ve
r
y
dif
f
icult
tas
k.
S
o,
we
c
a
n
us
e
the
tec
hnology
a
va
il
a
ble
to
us
to
make
the
maximum
im
pa
c
t
[
7]
,
[
8
]
.
T
he
e
mer
ge
nc
e
of
the
int
e
r
ne
t
of
thi
ngs
(
I
o
T
)
[
9]
,
[
10]
a
nd
de
mand
s
ide
mana
ge
ment
(
DSM
)
tec
hnologi
e
s
ha
s
r
e
volut
ioni
z
e
d
va
r
ious
s
e
c
tor
s
,
in
c
ludi
ng
wa
ter
mana
ge
ment
[
11
]
,
[
12]
.
Va
r
ious
I
oT
de
vice
s
a
r
e
c
onne
c
ted
whic
h
e
xc
ha
nge
da
ta
a
nd
e
na
ble
li
v
e
moni
tor
ing
o
f
wa
ter
leve
l
a
nd
a
c
c
or
dingl
y
take
c
ontr
ol
to
r
e
gulate
wa
ter
leve
l
in
the
tank
[
13]
,
[
14]
.
W
it
h
th
e
int
e
gr
a
ti
on
of
I
o
T
a
nd
DSM
c
a
pa
bil
it
ies
,
a
ne
w
pa
r
a
digm
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
nt
J
E
lec
&
C
omp
E
ng
,
Vol
.
15
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
20
25
:
635
-
644
636
in
wa
ter
mana
ge
ment
s
ys
tems
ha
s
e
mer
ge
d
[
1
5]
,
[
16]
.
B
y
leve
r
a
ging
I
oT
tec
hnology,
whic
h
e
na
bles
int
e
r
c
onne
c
ted
de
vice
s
to
c
omm
unica
te
a
nd
e
xc
ha
nge
da
ta
ove
r
the
int
e
r
ne
t
,
a
nd
DSM
s
tr
a
tegie
s
,
whic
h
f
oc
us
on
opti
mi
z
ing
r
e
s
our
c
e
c
ons
umpt
ion
ba
s
e
d
o
n
de
mand
pa
tt
e
r
ns
[
17
]
,
[
18]
.
I
n
r
e
c
e
nt
ye
a
r
s
,
s
e
ve
r
a
l
s
tudi
e
s
ha
ve
us
e
d
s
mar
t
wa
ter
mana
ge
ment
to
moni
tor
the
wa
ter
leve
l
in
tanks
.
Ali
e
t
al.
[
19]
s
ugge
s
ted
I
oT
-
ba
s
e
d
a
r
ti
f
icia
l
c
ontr
ol
a
nd
moni
to
r
ing
s
ys
tems
,
including
f
uz
z
y
l
ogic
a
nd
tr
a
dit
ional
pr
opor
t
ional
int
e
gr
a
l
de
r
ivative
(
P
I
D)
c
ontr
ol
s
ys
tems
.
S
upr
iya
a
nd
R
a
o
[
20]
de
ve
loped
a
n
I
oT
-
ba
s
e
d
wa
ter
leve
l
indi
c
a
tor
to
pr
e
ve
nt
wa
ter
wa
s
te
in
s
tor
a
ge
tanks
us
ing
c
loud
c
omput
ing
a
nd
I
oT
tec
hnologi
e
s
.
S
ingh
e
t
al
.
[
21]
c
r
e
a
ted
a
I
oT
ba
s
e
d
wa
ter
tank
leve
l
moni
to
r
ing
a
pp
r
oa
c
h
uti
li
z
ing
u
lt
r
a
s
onic
s
e
ns
or
s
to
a
ddr
e
s
s
wa
ter
s
pil
lage
is
s
ue
s
in
-
home
wa
ter
tanks
.
Huque
e
t
al.
[
22]
pr
opos
e
d
a
s
im
il
a
r
s
ys
tem
to
r
e
duc
e
wa
ter
wa
s
te
by
uti
li
z
ing
s
e
ns
or
s
,
c
omm
uni
c
a
ti
on
de
vice
s
,
a
nd
c
loud
-
ba
s
e
d
platf
or
ms
f
or
r
e
m
ote
wa
ter
tank
leve
l
moni
tor
ing
.
J
a
ya
laks
hmi
[
23]
int
r
oduc
e
d
a
utom
a
ted
moni
tor
ing
a
nd
c
ontr
ol
c
a
pa
bil
it
ies
to
im
pr
ove
the
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
of
s
mar
t
wa
ter
tank
s
ys
tems
.
Anugr
a
ha
e
t
al.
[
24]
s
ugge
s
ted
a
c
os
t
-
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
I
oT
-
ba
s
e
d
li
quid
tank
c
ont
r
ol
s
ys
tem
to
f
a
c
il
it
a
te
onli
ne
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
l
c
our
s
e
s
.
Additi
ona
ll
y,
Dha
ke
e
t
al.
[
25
]
c
r
e
a
ted
a
s
ys
tem
f
or
s
mar
t
wa
ter
mete
r
ing
a
nd
bil
li
ng
to
e
ns
ur
e
a
c
c
ur
a
te
tr
a
c
king
a
nd
invoi
c
ing
o
f
wa
ter
us
a
ge
.
M
a
nua
l
mana
ge
ment
of
wa
ter
leve
ls
pr
ove
s
c
u
mber
s
ome
a
nd
inef
f
icie
nt,
lea
ding
to
s
igni
f
ica
nt
wa
s
tage
.
De
s
pit
e
a
dva
n
c
e
ments
in
s
mar
t
wa
te
r
mana
ge
ment,
ther
e
r
e
main
oppo
r
tuni
ti
e
s
f
or
f
ur
ther
innovation
a
nd
im
pr
ove
ment
in
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
a
nd
c
o
s
t
-
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
.
T
o
ove
r
c
ome
thes
e
is
s
ue
s
a
nov
e
l
w
a
ter
r
e
s
our
c
e
mana
ge
ment
us
ing
I
oT
(
W
AR
M
-
I
oT
)
te
c
hnique
ha
s
be
e
n
pr
opos
e
d
to
moni
to
r
the
wa
ter
l
e
ve
l
a
nd
c
ontr
ol
it
r
e
mot
e
ly
to
r
e
duc
e
the
e
lec
tr
icity
ta
r
if
f
th
a
t
ne
e
ds
to
be
pa
id.
T
he
main
c
ontr
ibut
ions
a
r
e
a
s
f
oll
ows
:
−
An
ult
r
a
s
onic
s
e
ns
or
is
uti
li
z
e
d
in
the
wa
ter
tank
to
c
oll
e
c
t
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
da
ta
on
the
wa
ter
leve
l
in
the
tank
a
nd
uti
li
z
e
s
a
R
a
s
pbe
r
r
y
P
i
boa
r
d
f
or
da
ta
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing.
−
I
mpl
e
ments
a
n
int
e
ll
igent
wa
ter
mana
ge
ment
s
y
s
tem
to
a
c
ti
va
te
a
nd
de
a
c
ti
va
te
the
mot
or
ba
s
e
d
on
pr
e
de
ter
mi
ne
d
wa
ter
leve
l
thr
e
s
holds
f
or
e
f
f
icie
nt
wa
ter
mana
ge
ment
a
nd
a
ls
o
s
e
nds
thi
s
in
f
or
mation
a
s
a
noti
f
ica
ti
on
to
the
us
e
r
.
−
I
mpl
e
ments
f
uz
z
y
logi
c
to
de
c
ide
mot
or
a
c
ti
va
ti
on
ba
s
e
d
on
wa
ter
leve
l,
ti
me
of
da
y,
powe
r
load,
a
nd
e
lec
tr
icity
pr
ice
,
opti
mi
z
ing
e
lec
tr
icity
us
e
a
nd
s
e
n
ding
a
ler
t
mes
s
a
ge
s
f
or
mot
o
r
a
c
ti
va
ti
on
.
−
De
ve
loped
a
n
Andr
oid
a
pp
f
or
us
e
r
-
f
r
iendly
r
e
m
ote
moni
tor
ing
a
nd
c
ontr
ol
of
the
wa
ter
mana
ge
ment
s
ys
tem,
e
na
bli
ng
us
e
r
s
to
r
e
c
e
ive
a
ler
ts
,
view
wa
te
r
leve
ls
,
a
nd
c
ontr
ol
mot
or
ope
r
a
ti
on.
T
he
r
e
maining
po
r
ti
on
of
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
is
e
xplaine
d
a
s
f
ol
lows
:
T
he
s
ugge
s
ted
s
ys
tem
is
e
xplaine
d
in
gr
e
a
t
length
in
s
e
c
ti
on
2
.
S
e
c
ti
on
3
is
the
outcome
a
nd
dis
c
us
s
ion.
W
he
r
e
a
s
s
e
c
ti
on
4
is
the
c
onc
lus
ion
.
2.
WAT
E
R
RE
S
OURC
E
M
AN
AG
E
M
E
N
T
USI
NG
I
OT
(
WAR
M
-
I
OT
)
I
n
thi
s
pa
pe
r
,
a
nove
l
W
AR
M
-
I
oT
ha
s
be
e
n
pr
o
pos
e
d
to
moni
tor
the
wa
ter
leve
l
a
nd
c
ontr
o
l
it
r
e
mot
e
ly.
A
wa
ter
tank
s
ys
tem
uti
li
z
e
s
a
n
ult
r
a
s
onic
s
e
ns
or
a
nd
R
a
s
pbe
r
r
y
P
i
f
o
r
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
wa
ter
leve
l
moni
tor
ing.
I
t
f
e
a
tur
e
s
a
n
int
e
ll
igent
mana
ge
ment
s
ys
tem
that
c
ontr
ols
the
mot
or
ba
s
e
d
on
s
e
t
wa
ter
leve
ls
f
or
e
f
f
icie
nc
y.
Notif
ica
ti
ons
a
r
e
s
e
nt
to
us
e
r
s
f
or
mot
or
a
c
ti
ons
.
F
uz
z
y
logi
c
is
e
mpl
oye
d
to
opti
mi
z
e
e
lec
tr
icity
us
a
ge
c
ons
ider
ing
va
r
ious
f
a
c
tor
s
li
ke
wa
ter
leve
l
,
ti
me
,
powe
r
load,
a
nd
e
lec
tr
icity
pr
ice
.
An
And
r
oid
a
pp
a
ll
ows
r
e
mot
e
moni
tor
ing
,
a
ler
t
r
e
c
e
pti
on,
a
nd
mo
tor
c
ontr
ol
with
a
us
e
r
-
f
r
iendly
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
.
T
he
W
A
R
M
-
I
oT
a
ppr
oa
c
h
is
given
in
F
igur
e
1
.
2.
1.
Dat
a
a
c
q
u
is
it
ion
D
a
t
a
a
c
q
u
i
s
i
t
i
o
n
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
s
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
n
g
,
m
e
a
s
u
r
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
r
e
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
f
r
o
m
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
a
R
a
s
p
b
e
r
r
y
P
i
b
o
a
r
d
a
n
d
u
l
t
r
a
-
s
o
n
i
c
s
e
n
s
o
r
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
t
o
g
a
t
h
e
r
r
e
a
l
-
t
i
m
e
d
a
t
a
o
n
t
h
e
t
a
n
k
’
s
w
a
t
e
r
l
e
v
e
l
.
T
h
e
u
l
t
r
a
s
o
n
i
c
s
e
n
s
o
r
d
e
t
e
c
ts
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
t
o
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
r
'
s
t
op
,
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
R
a
s
p
b
e
r
r
y
P
i
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
s
t
h
e
s
e
r
e
a
d
i
n
g
s
.
T
h
i
s
s
e
t
u
p
e
n
s
u
r
e
s
a
c
c
u
r
a
t
e
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
us
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
o
f
w
a
t
e
r
l
e
v
e
l
s
.
T
h
e
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d
d
a
t
a
i
s
t
h
e
n
r
e
c
o
r
d
e
d
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
f
o
r
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
w
a
t
e
r
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
.
T
h
i
s
r
e
a
l
-
t
i
m
e
d
a
t
a
a
c
q
u
i
s
i
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
s
t
h
e
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
w
a
t
e
r
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
,
e
n
a
b
l
i
n
g
t
i
m
e
l
y
d
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s
.
2.
1.
1.
Ult
r
as
on
ic
s
e
n
s
or
An
ult
r
a
s
onic
s
e
ns
or
is
a
n
e
lec
tr
onic
de
vice
that
us
e
s
high
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
s
ound
w
a
ve
s
to
c
a
lcula
te
the
dis
tanc
e
to
a
n
objec
t.
I
t
then
c
onve
r
ts
the
r
e
f
lec
te
d
s
ound
wa
ve
s
int
o
a
n
e
lec
tr
ica
l
s
ignal.
F
or
mea
s
ur
ing
the
wa
ter
leve
l,
the
s
e
ns
or
is
mount
e
d
a
t
the
top
of
the
tank.
Us
ing
ult
r
a
s
onic
s
e
ns
or
s
to
identif
y
no
n
-
opa
que
thi
ngs
is
a
n
e
xc
e
ll
e
nt
opti
on
.
Ultr
a
s
onic
s
e
ns
or
s
c
a
n
identif
y
the
e
xis
tenc
e
of
it
e
ms
i
r
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
of
their
c
olor
,
s
ur
f
a
c
e
,
or
u
lt
r
a
s
ound
may
be
us
e
d
indoor
s
or
outd
oor
s
a
nd
is
de
pe
nda
ble
in
a
ll
il
lum
ination
c
ondit
io
ns
.
2.
1.
2.
Ras
p
b
e
r
r
y
P
i
T
he
R
a
s
pbe
r
r
y
P
i
boa
r
d
is
a
ti
ny
c
omput
e
r
that
u
nif
ies
a
nd
c
ombi
ne
s
a
ll
the
pa
r
ts
.
Us
ing
the
mos
t
r
e
c
e
nt
B
r
oa
dc
om
2837
AR
M
v8
64
-
bit
C
P
U,
the
R
a
s
pbe
r
r
y
P
i
3
models
B
+
include
a
buil
t
-
in
1
.
4
G
Hz
qua
d
-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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omp
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A
n
int
e
gr
ated
s
mar
t
w
ater
manage
me
nt
s
y
s
tem
fo
r
e
ff
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ater
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ons
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v
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on
(
J
e
y
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R
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c
or
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64
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bit
p
r
oc
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s
s
or
with
low
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powe
r
onboa
r
d
W
i
-
F
i,
B
luetooth,
a
nd
USB
por
ts
.
E
the
r
ne
t,
B
luetoot
h,
W
i
-
F
i,
a
nd
USB
a
r
e
jus
t
a
f
e
w
of
the
c
omm
unica
ti
on
c
ho
ice
s
that
the
R
a
s
pbe
r
r
y
P
i
pr
ovides
.
T
a
nk
wa
ter
le
ve
ls
may
be
r
e
mot
e
ly
moni
tor
e
d
a
nd
c
ont
r
oll
e
d
thanks
to
t
his
li
nk.
T
he
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
da
ta
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing
c
a
pa
bil
it
ies
of
the
R
a
s
pbe
r
r
y
P
i
e
na
ble
quick
r
e
a
c
ti
ons
to
va
r
iations
i
n
wa
ter
leve
ls
.
2.
1.
3.
E
n
e
r
gy
-
m
e
t
e
r
I
t
pe
r
mi
ts
the
s
ys
tema
ti
c
pr
icing
o
f
e
ne
r
gy
c
ons
umed
by
indi
vidual
us
e
r
s
s
ince
it
mea
s
ur
e
s
the
a
mount
of
e
lec
tr
ica
l
e
ne
r
gy
s
pe
nt
by
a
hous
e
,
bu
s
ines
s
,
or
e
lec
tr
ica
ll
y
powe
r
e
d
objec
t.
T
his
c
omput
e
r
ize
d
e
ne
r
gy
mete
r
,
whic
h
c
a
lcula
tes
tot
a
l
e
ne
r
gy
us
e
d
a
nd
e
xa
mi
ne
s
the
load
c
u
r
ve
,
he
lps
with
DSM
.
E
ne
r
gy
mete
r
s
give
ins
tanta
ne
ous
powe
r
by
mul
ti
p
lyi
ng
t
he
r
a
pid
vo
lt
a
ge
a
nd
c
u
r
r
e
nt
mea
s
ur
e
ments
.
B
y
in
tegr
a
ti
ng
thi
s
powe
r
ove
r
a
c
e
r
tain
ti
me,
the
e
ne
r
gy
uti
li
z
e
d
a
t
that
pa
r
ti
c
ular
mom
e
nt
is
f
ound
.
F
igur
e
1.
Ove
r
a
ll
wor
kf
low
f
or
the
p
r
opos
e
d
W
AR
M
-
I
oT
f
r
a
mew
or
k
2.
2.
M
ot
or
o
p
e
r
at
ion
b
as
e
d
on
t
h
r
e
s
h
old
valu
e
M
otor
ope
r
a
ti
on
ba
s
e
d
on
a
thr
e
s
hold
va
lue
r
e
li
e
s
on
a
n
int
e
ll
igent
s
ys
tem
that
e
ns
ur
e
s
e
f
f
icie
nt
wa
ter
mana
ge
ment
in
a
tank.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
a
nother
c
r
it
ica
l
a
s
pe
c
t
of
thi
s
s
ys
tem
is
the
a
utom
a
ti
c
s
hutdown
of
the
mot
or
onc
e
the
wa
ter
leve
l
r
e
a
c
he
s
it
s
ma
xim
um
c
a
pa
c
it
y
to
p
r
e
ve
nt
wa
ter
wa
s
tage
a
nd
potential
ove
r
f
low.
T
he
s
e
a
ler
ts
c
a
n
be
in
the
f
o
r
m
of
n
oti
f
ica
ti
ons
s
e
nt
to
de
ve
loped
c
onne
c
ted
de
vice
s
.
T
he
s
e
noti
f
ica
ti
ons
s
e
r
ve
a
s
r
e
mi
nde
r
s
f
or
us
e
r
s
to
take
a
ppr
opr
iate
a
c
ti
ons
,
s
uc
h
a
s
r
e
f
il
li
ng
the
tank
or
a
d
dr
e
s
s
ing
a
ny
potential
is
s
ue
s
with
the
wa
ter
s
upply
s
ys
tem
pr
ompt
ly.
2.
3.
De
m
an
d
s
id
e
m
a
n
age
m
e
n
t
T
he
c
onc
e
pt
of
DSM
c
omes
int
o
play
in
thi
s
pos
it
ion.
T
he
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
by
a
wa
ter
pump/
mot
or
is
s
igni
f
ica
ntl
y
high.
W
he
n
it
is
s
wit
c
he
d
on
dur
ing
pe
a
k
load
,
the
c
os
t
is
highe
r
a
nd
he
nc
e
the
tar
if
f
that
ne
e
ds
to
be
pa
id
is
a
ls
o
higher
.
T
o
a
voi
d
thi
s
,
DSM
is
b
r
ought
int
o
the
pictur
e
.
B
a
s
e
d
on
the
da
y
a
he
a
d
pr
ice
s
of
e
lec
tr
icity
pe
r
hou
r
,
whe
n
the
c
os
t
is
the
lowe
s
t,
a
ti
m
ing
is
s
ugge
s
ted
to
the
us
e
r
’
s
a
pp
whe
n
wa
ter
leve
l
is
be
low
a
c
e
r
tain
leve
l,
s
o
then
he
c
a
n
s
witch
on
the
mot
or
r
e
mot
e
ly
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
nt
J
E
lec
&
C
omp
E
ng
,
Vol
.
15
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
20
25
:
635
-
644
638
2.
3.
1.
F
u
z
z
if
icat
ion
F
uz
z
if
ica
ti
on,
a
c
r
it
ica
l
pha
s
e
in
f
uz
z
y
logi
c
,
tr
a
ns
f
or
ms
pr
e
c
is
e
or
c
r
is
p
input
s
int
o
f
uz
z
y
r
e
pr
e
s
e
ntations
,
e
na
bli
ng
the
modell
ing
a
nd
a
na
l
ys
is
of
s
ys
tems
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
ize
d
by
unc
e
r
tainty
,
im
pr
e
c
is
ion,
a
nd
va
gue
ne
s
s
.
T
his
pr
oc
e
s
s
i
s
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
whe
n
de
a
li
ng
with
va
r
iable
s
a
f
f
e
c
ted
by
im
pr
e
c
is
ion,
a
mbi
guit
y,
or
va
gue
ne
s
s
,
whic
h
c
a
n
be
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
us
ing
membe
r
s
hip
f
unc
ti
ons
withi
n
a
f
uz
z
y
s
e
t
f
r
a
mew
or
k.
M
e
mber
s
hip
f
unc
ti
ons
de
f
ine
the
de
gr
e
e
o
f
membe
r
s
hip
or
tr
u
th
of
e
a
c
h
input
va
lue
withi
n
a
s
pe
c
if
ied
r
a
nge
,
a
ll
owing
f
uz
z
y
logi
c
s
ys
tems
to
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
int
e
r
pr
e
t
a
nd
pr
o
c
e
s
s
unc
e
r
tain
da
ta.
2.
3.
2.
I
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
e
n
gin
e
T
he
inf
e
r
e
nc
e
e
ngine
c
ompr
is
e
s
a
r
ule
ba
s
e
a
nd
s
e
ve
r
a
l
tec
hniques
f
or
inf
e
r
r
ing
the
r
ules
to
pr
oc
e
s
s
the
f
uz
z
if
ied
va
lues
.
E
ve
r
y
input
va
r
iable
ha
s
thr
e
e
li
nguis
ti
c
s
tate
s
f
or
the
f
ou
r
f
a
c
tor
s
invol
ve
d.
I
t,
th
e
r
e
f
or
e
,
s
ugge
s
ts
that
ther
e
a
r
e
a
tot
a
l
of
81
f
uz
z
y
inf
e
r
e
n
c
e
r
ules
that
mi
ght
be
us
e
d.
T
he
r
e
a
r
e
thr
e
e
c
a
tegor
ies
f
or
e
lec
tr
icity
load:
L
l,
M
l
a
nd
Hl
.
L
e
ve
ls
of
wa
ter
l
e
ve
l
a
r
e
c
las
s
if
ied
a
s
high
(
H
)
,
medium
(
M
)
,
a
nd
low
(
L
)
,
while
leve
ls
of
e
lec
tr
icity
pr
ice
a
r
e
c
las
s
if
ied
a
s
low
pr
ice
(
L
p)
,
moder
a
te
p
r
ice
(
M
p)
a
nd
high
pr
i
c
e
(
Hp)
.
T
im
e
is
c
las
s
if
ied
a
s
mo
r
ning
(
F
N)
,
a
f
te
r
noon
(
AN
)
a
nd
night
.
Ale
r
t
f
or
s
witch
-
on
mot
or
s
ba
s
e
d
on
leve
ls
of
c
ha
nc
e
s
on
va
r
ious
input
va
r
iable
s
c
a
n
be
f
ound
in
T
a
ble
1.
T
he
27
r
ules
of
81
r
ules
a
r
e
li
s
ted
in
T
a
ble
1
r
e
ga
r
ding
the
thr
e
e
va
r
iable
s
.
Du
r
ing
low
mo
r
nin
g
wa
ter
leve
ls
a
nd
low
powe
r
load,
a
c
ti
va
ti
ng
th
e
mot
or
opti
mi
z
e
s
wa
ter
mana
ge
ment.
I
n
the
a
f
ter
noon
,
if
wa
ter
leve
ls
s
tay
low
with
moder
a
te
or
high
-
powe
r
load,
the
s
ys
tem
a
c
ti
va
te
s
the
mot
or
f
or
e
f
f
icie
nt
wa
ter
dis
tr
ibut
ion.
T
a
ble
2
de
s
c
r
ibes
the
r
a
nge
va
lue
of
t
he
input
pa
r
a
mete
r
.
T
a
ble
1.
F
uz
z
y
r
ules
R
ul
e
W
a
te
r
l
e
ve
l
T
im
e
of
d
ay
P
ow
e
r
l
oa
d
E
le
c
tr
ic
it
y
p
r
ic
e
O
ut
put
1
L
FN
Ll
Lp
S
w
it
c
h
on mot
or
(
A
le
r
t)
2
L
FN
Ml
Hp
N
o a
le
r
t
3
L
AN
Hl
Mp
N
o a
le
r
t
5
L
N
ig
ht
Ll
Lp
S
w
it
c
h
on mot
or
(
A
le
r
t)
6
L
N
ig
ht
Ml
Hp
N
o a
le
r
t
7
L
FN
Ml
Lp
S
w
it
c
h
on mot
or
(
A
le
r
t)
8
M
AN
Ll
Mp
N
o a
le
r
t
9
M
N
ig
ht
Hl
Mp
N
o a
le
r
t
10
M
N
ig
ht
Hl
Hp
N
o a
le
r
t
14
H
AN
Hl
Hp
N
o a
le
r
t
15
H
N
ig
ht
Ll
Lp
S
w
it
c
h
on mot
or
(
A
le
r
t)
16
H
N
ig
ht
Ml
Hp
N
o
a
le
r
t
T
a
ble
2.
P
a
r
a
mete
r
s
with
r
a
nge
F
uz
z
y
in
put
pa
r
a
me
te
r
R
a
nge
W
a
te
r
l
e
ve
l
0
-
30%
40%
-
70%
80%
-
100%
L
ow
(
L
)
,
M
e
di
um (
M
)
,
H
ig
h (
H
)
T
im
e
of
da
y
6 A
M
-
12 P
M
12 P
M
-
6 P
M
6 P
M
-
7 A
M
M
or
ni
ng
A
f
te
r
noon
N
ig
ht
P
ow
e
r
l
oa
d
0
-
500
W
500
-
1000
W
1000
-
1500
W
L
ig
ht
l
oa
d (
L
l
)
,
M
e
di
um l
oa
d (
M
l)
H
ig
h l
oa
d (
H
l)
E
le
c
tr
ic
it
y
p
r
ic
e
$0.10
-
$0.15
$0.16
-
$0.20
$0.21
-
$0.25
L
ow
pr
ic
e
(
L
p)
M
ode
r
a
te
pr
ic
e
(
M
p)
H
ig
h pr
ic
e
(
H
p)
2.
3.
3.
De
f
u
z
z
if
ica
t
ion
T
he
de
f
uz
z
if
ier
e
xe
c
utes
de
f
uz
z
if
ica
ti
on
on
the
f
u
z
z
y
s
olut
ion
s
pa
c
e
.
T
he
objec
ti
ve
is
to
p
r
oduc
e
a
n
e
xa
c
t
number
f
r
o
m
a
f
uz
z
y
s
e
t,
li
ke
a
ve
c
tor
o
r
f
u
nc
ti
on.
An
a
xiom
a
ti
c
or
e
mpi
r
ica
l
jus
ti
f
ica
ti
on
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
to
s
uppor
t
the
c
hoice
o
f
a
n
a
ppr
opr
iate
de
f
uz
z
if
ica
ti
on
s
tr
a
tegy.
T
he
c
e
nter
o
f
g
r
a
vit
y,
the
c
e
nter
of
s
i
ngleton,
a
nd
maximum
methods
a
r
e
the
thr
e
e
mos
t
wide
ly
us
e
d
de
f
uz
z
if
e
r
s
.
He
r
e
,
de
f
uz
z
if
ica
ti
on
is
a
c
c
ompl
is
he
d
by
us
ing
the
c
e
nter
of
gr
a
vit
y
(
)
a
s
a
de
f
uz
z
if
e
r
whic
h
is
given
in
(
1)
.
=
(
∑
(
)
∗
)
/
(
∑
(
)
)
(
1)
He
r
e
,
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
r
a
nge
of
pos
s
ibl
e
input
va
lu
e
s
a
nd
(
)
membe
r
s
hip
f
unc
ti
on
of
va
lue
.
B
a
s
e
d
on
the
de
f
uz
z
if
ied
output
,
the
s
witch
ON
the
mot
or
a
ler
t
noti
f
ica
ti
on
pa
s
s
e
s
to
the
de
ve
loped
us
e
r
’
s
a
p
p
s
o
that
he
c
a
n
s
witch
on
the
mo
tor
r
e
mot
e
ly
th
r
ough
the
a
pp
de
s
igned.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
E
lec
&
C
omp
E
ng
I
S
S
N:
2088
-
8708
A
n
int
e
gr
ated
s
mar
t
w
ater
manage
me
nt
s
y
s
tem
fo
r
e
ff
icie
nt
w
ater
c
ons
e
r
v
ati
on
(
J
e
y
a
R
ajanbabu
)
639
3.
RE
S
UL
T
S
AN
D
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
I
n
thi
s
s
e
c
ti
on,
W
AR
M
-
I
oT
is
de
ve
loped
to
a
utom
a
ti
c
a
ll
y
c
ontr
ol
the
mot
or
ba
s
e
d
on
the
wa
ter
leve
l
pr
e
s
e
nt
in
the
tank.
S
e
ns
or
s
li
ke
u
lt
r
a
s
onic
s
e
ns
or
is
e
quipped
in
the
wa
ter
tank
to
moni
tor
the
wa
ter
leve
l.
I
n
thi
s
s
e
c
ti
on,
the
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
l
im
pleme
ntation
of
t
he
s
ugge
s
ted
a
ppr
oa
c
h
is
e
xa
mi
ne
d
to
de
ter
mi
ne
the
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
of
the
s
ys
tem.
T
he
e
xpe
r
i
ments
a
r
e
c
onduc
ted
us
ing
P
ython
a
s
the
pr
ogr
a
mm
ing
la
ngua
ge
.
NumP
y,
pa
nda
n,
s
klea
r
n,
a
nd
M
a
tpl
otl
ib
a
r
e
a
mong
the
va
r
ious
P
ython
pa
c
ka
ge
s
that
c
a
n
be
a
c
c
e
s
s
e
d
thr
ough
mul
ti
ple
pa
c
ka
ge
s
.
3.
1.
Ou
t
c
om
e
of
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
id
e
m
an
age
m
e
n
t
F
uz
z
y
logi
c
ha
s
be
c
ome
a
n
im
por
tant
tec
hnique
in
the
DSM
s
pa
c
e
.
T
o
pr
oduc
e
c
us
tom
ize
d
s
olut
ions
that
maximi
z
e
the
uti
li
ty
of
wa
ter
pumps
.
T
hr
ou
gh
the
us
e
of
a
va
r
iable
c
os
t
pa
r
a
mete
r
,
the
opti
mi
z
a
ti
on
r
e
s
ult
s
a
r
e
c
onve
r
ted
int
o
pr
e
c
is
e
dis
pa
tch
ti
mes
f
or
e
ve
r
y
load
.
T
he
hour
ly
no
ted
load
s
hown
in
T
a
ble
3
is
c
a
lcula
ted
f
or
a
r
e
s
idential
a
r
e
a
.
I
n
thi
s
pa
pe
r
,
the
s
tudy
is
done
only
f
or
a
s
ingl
e
hous
e
hold.
S
o,
a
c
c
or
dingl
y,
the
c
a
lcula
ti
on
ne
e
ds
to
be
a
djus
ted.
T
he
T
a
ble
3
h
a
s
be
e
n
modi
f
ied
a
nd
s
hown
be
low
in
T
a
ble
4.
T
a
ble
3.
P
r
ice
a
nd
hour
ly
noted
load
f
or
e
a
c
h
hour
of
the
da
y
f
or
a
r
e
s
idential
a
r
e
a
T
im
e
(
H
our
s
)
P
r
ic
e
H
our
ly
not
e
d
lo
a
d
(
kW
h
)
8
-
9
12
729.4
9
-
10
9.19
713.5
11
-
12
20.61
808.2
15
-
16
17.31
68.18
18
-
19
8.63
1220.9
20
-
21
8.35
1363.6
22
-
23
16.19
1046.6
24
-
1
8.69
475.1
1
-
2
8.13
412.8
5
-
6
8.13
269.6
7
-
8
9.35
539.1
T
he
hour
ly
f
o
r
e
c
a
s
t
da
ta
in
T
a
ble
3
wa
s
ini
ti
a
ll
y
c
omput
e
d
f
or
a
r
e
s
idential
a
r
e
a
,
e
nc
ompas
s
ing
va
r
ious
hous
e
holds
.
How
e
ve
r
,
thi
s
s
tudy
f
oc
us
e
s
s
olely
on
a
s
ingl
e
hous
e
hold,
ne
c
e
s
s
it
a
ti
ng
a
djus
t
ments
in
the
c
a
lcula
ti
ons
.
T
a
ble
4
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
modi
f
ied
hour
ly
noted
load
s
pe
c
if
ica
ll
y
f
or
thi
s
hous
e
hold
a
c
r
os
s
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
t
im
e
int
e
r
va
ls
.
T
a
ble
4.
Hour
ly
noted
load
f
or
a
s
ingl
e
hous
e
dur
i
ng
e
a
c
h
hour
o
f
the
da
y
T
im
e
(
H
our
)
H
our
ly
not
e
d
lo
a
d
(
kW
h
)
8
-
9
2.91
11
-
12
3.23
14
-
15
2.98
16
-
17
2.66
19
-
20
5.32
20
-
21
5.45
23
-
24
3.04
24
-
1
1.9
3
-
4
1.39
5
-
6
1.07
7
-
8
2.15
F
i
gu
r
e
2
il
lus
t
r
a
tes
t
he
v
a
r
ia
t
io
ns
in
e
lec
t
r
i
c
a
l
lo
a
d
t
h
r
o
ug
ho
ut
t
he
d
a
y
.
F
ig
u
r
e
2
(
a
)
de
m
ons
t
r
a
tes
t
he
v
a
r
i
a
t
io
n
in
e
lec
t
r
ica
l
lo
a
d
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
d
i
n
ki
lo
wa
tt
-
hou
r
s
(
k
W
h
)
t
hr
ou
gh
ou
t
t
he
da
y
,
r
e
c
o
r
de
d
h
ou
r
ly
.
T
h
e
g
r
a
p
h
i
n
di
c
a
t
e
s
t
ha
t
t
he
l
oa
d
pe
a
ks
a
t
7
kW
h
be
twe
e
n
5
-
6
P
M
,
wh
ic
h
is
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
n
tl
y
h
ig
he
r
c
om
pa
r
e
d
t
o
ot
he
r
t
i
mes
o
f
t
he
da
y
.
T
he
lo
we
s
t
r
e
c
or
de
d
l
oa
d
is
a
t
1
kW
h
du
r
in
g
8
-
9
AM
.
T
h
e
g
r
a
ph
s
ho
ws
a
n
ot
ic
e
a
b
le
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
in
lo
a
d
a
f
te
r
6
P
M
,
wi
th
s
o
me
f
l
uc
tu
a
t
io
ns
oc
c
u
r
r
in
g
in
th
e
s
u
bs
e
q
ue
nt
h
ou
r
s
.
F
i
gu
r
e
2(
b
)
de
mo
ns
tr
a
t
e
s
tha
t
d
ur
i
ng
C
a
s
e
1
a
t
1
2
P
M
,
c
ons
um
pt
io
n
c
os
ts
p
e
a
k
a
t
a
r
o
un
d
12
0
u
ni
ts
,
in
di
c
a
ti
ng
a
s
ig
ni
f
ica
nt
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
c
omp
a
r
e
d
t
o
o
t
he
r
t
im
e
s
of
the
d
a
y
.
T
he
x
-
a
x
is
de
pi
c
ts
t
i
me
i
n
t
w
o
-
ho
u
r
in
te
r
va
ls
f
r
o
m
8
AM
t
o
7
AM
th
e
f
o
l
lo
wi
n
g
da
y
,
w
h
il
e
the
y
-
a
x
is
s
h
ows
c
o
ns
um
pt
io
n
c
os
t
.
T
h
is
pe
a
k
a
t
1
2
P
M
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
ts
o
ne
o
f
t
he
h
ig
he
s
t
c
os
ts
obs
e
r
ve
d
on
t
he
gr
a
p
h
.
T
his
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
is
f
ur
t
he
r
e
x
pl
a
i
ne
d
by
t
he
d
a
t
a
in
T
a
bl
e
5
,
wh
e
r
e
t
he
wa
te
r
p
um
p
is
s
w
it
c
he
d
on
a
t
1
2
P
M
.
T
h
is
f
i
gu
r
e
h
i
gh
li
gh
ts
th
e
im
pa
c
t
o
f
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
a
p
pl
ia
nc
e
us
a
ge
o
n
ove
r
a
l
l
c
ons
u
mp
ti
on
c
os
ts
,
e
m
ph
a
s
i
z
i
ng
t
he
i
mp
or
ta
nc
e
o
f
u
nd
e
r
s
ta
nd
i
ng
a
nd
ma
na
gi
ng
pe
a
k
us
a
ge
ti
mes
to
op
t
im
iz
e
e
x
pe
ns
e
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
nt
J
E
lec
&
C
omp
E
ng
,
Vol
.
15
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
20
25
:
635
-
644
640
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
2.
E
lec
tr
ica
l
c
os
t
a
nd
load
thr
oughout
the
d
a
y
(
a
)
l
oa
d
thr
oughout
the
da
y
in
one
-
hour
int
e
r
va
ls
a
nd
(
b)
c
os
t
o
f
c
ons
umpt
ion
f
or
C
a
s
e
1:
12
P
M
3.
2.
And
r
oid
ap
p
s
t
u
d
io
T
he
of
f
icia
l
I
D
E
f
or
de
ve
lopi
ng
Andr
oid
a
pps
,
Andr
oid
s
tudi
o
is
c
e
nter
e
d
a
r
ound
I
ntelli
J
I
DE
A.
J
a
va
is
the
p
r
ogr
a
mm
ing
langua
ge
us
e
d
to
c
r
e
a
te
a
pps
.
W
it
h
the
he
lp
of
Andr
o
id
s
tudi
o's
a
pply
c
ha
nge
tool
,
you
may
upda
te
c
ode
a
nd
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
in
your
r
un
ning
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
without
ha
ving
to
r
e
s
tar
t
it
o
r
,
in
s
ome
s
it
ua
ti
ons
,
the
c
ur
r
e
nt
a
c
ti
vit
y.
T
his
f
lexibil
i
ty
a
ll
ows
you
to
maintain
the
c
ur
r
e
nt
s
tate
of
your
de
vice
while
de
ployi
ng
a
nd
tes
ti
ng
mi
no
r
,
incr
e
menta
l
upda
tes
.
I
t
a
ls
o
he
lps
you
r
e
gulate
how
much
of
the
a
pp
is
r
e
s
umed.
3.
2.
1
Cr
e
at
io
n
o
f
And
r
oid
ap
p
T
o
c
r
e
a
te
a
n
a
pp,
c
r
e
a
te
a
ne
w
pr
ojec
t
a
nd
then
c
h
oos
e
a
blank
a
c
ti
vit
y.
T
he
f
ir
s
t
pa
ge
o
f
the
a
pp
is
c
ode
d
in
the
M
a
inAc
ti
vit
y.
java
f
il
e
.
T
his
pa
ge
w
il
l
a
ll
ow
the
us
e
r
to
log
in
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ull
y
by
pr
ovi
ding
the
c
or
r
e
c
t
de
tails
.
S
ubs
e
que
ntl
y,
the
other
pa
ge
s
a
r
e
c
r
e
a
ted
a
nd
li
nke
d
to
the
R
a
s
pbe
r
r
y
P
i.
F
oll
owing
a
r
e
the
s
c
r
e
e
ns
hots
f
r
om
the
a
nd
r
oid
phone
of
the
a
pp.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
one
is
the
log
in
pa
ge
while
the
s
e
c
ond
a
nd
t
hir
d
a
r
e
the
ne
xt
pa
ge
whe
n
mot
o
r
is
s
witche
d
on
a
nd
of
f
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
F
igur
e
3
il
lus
tr
a
tes
the
Andr
oid
a
pp
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
f
o
r
the
mot
or
c
ontr
ol
a
nd
logi
n
pa
ge
.
F
igur
e
3
(
a
)
de
mons
tr
a
tes
the
logi
n
pa
ge
of
the
a
pp
whe
r
e
the
us
e
r
ha
s
to
pr
ovide
the
us
e
r
na
me
a
nd
pa
s
s
wor
d.
I
n
c
a
s
e
the
us
e
r
pr
ovides
incor
r
e
c
t
logi
n
de
tails
,
the
a
pp
r
e
s
tr
icts
the
us
e
r
to
thr
e
e
a
tt
e
mpt
s
maximum
.
Af
ter
that,
the
l
ogin
butt
on
ge
ts
dis
a
bled.
He
nc
e
,
it
e
ns
ur
e
s
us
e
r
a
uthor
iza
ti
on.
Af
ter
e
ve
r
y
a
tt
e
mpt
,
the
us
e
r
c
a
n
view
the
number
o
f
a
tt
e
mpt
s
lef
t
to
tr
y
.
F
igur
e
s
3
(
b)
a
nd
3
(
c
)
de
mons
tr
a
te
the
us
e
r
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
that
f
a
c
il
it
a
tes
th
e
c
ontr
ol
of
the
mot
or
's
ope
r
a
ti
on
ba
s
e
d
on
r
e
c
omm
e
nda
ti
ons
.
Us
e
r
s
a
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
nted
with
opti
ons
to
e
it
he
r
a
c
ti
va
te
or
de
a
c
ti
va
te
the
mot
or
a
c
c
or
ding
to
the
s
ys
tem's
s
u
gge
s
ti
on.
T
he
c
ons
umpt
ion
of
a
wa
ter
pump
is
ta
ke
n
to
be
1.
5
kW
f
o
r
one
hour
.
T
he
c
a
lcula
ti
on
is
done
f
or
two
c
a
s
e
s
whe
r
e
the
mot
or
is
s
witche
d
on
a
t
two
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
ti
mi
ngs
,
a
nd
the
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
in
the
pr
ice
s
is
c
a
lcula
ted.
(
a
)
(
b)
(
c
)
F
igur
e
3.
Andr
oid
a
pp
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
f
or
mot
o
r
c
ontr
ol
a
nd
logi
n
(
a
)
logi
n
pa
ge
,
(
b)
m
otor
OFF
,
a
nd
(
c
)
m
o
tor
ON
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
E
lec
&
C
omp
E
ng
I
S
S
N:
2088
-
8708
A
n
int
e
gr
ated
s
mar
t
w
ater
manage
me
nt
s
y
s
tem
fo
r
e
ff
icie
nt
w
ater
c
ons
e
r
v
ati
on
(
J
e
y
a
R
ajanbabu
)
641
C
a
s
e
1:
T
he
wa
ter
pump
i
s
s
witche
d
o
n
a
t
12
P
M
T
a
ble
5
il
lus
tr
a
tes
the
c
a
lcula
ti
on
of
c
ons
umpt
io
n
c
os
ts
whe
n
the
mot
or
is
a
c
ti
va
ted
a
t
12
P
M
.
I
t
f
a
c
tor
s
in
va
r
ious
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
s
uc
h
a
s
ti
me,
hou
r
l
y
noted
load,
c
os
t
pe
r
hour
.
T
h
is
c
ompr
e
he
ns
ive
a
na
lys
is
pr
ovides
ins
ight
s
int
o
the
f
inanc
ial
im
pli
c
a
ti
ons
o
f
ope
r
a
ti
ng
the
mot
o
r
du
r
ing
thi
s
s
pe
c
if
ic
ti
me.
T
a
ble
5.
C
a
lcula
ti
on
of
c
os
t
of
c
ons
umpt
ion
whe
n
mot
or
is
s
witche
d
ON
a
t
12
P
M
T
im
e
(
H
our
s
)
H
our
ly
not
e
d
lo
a
d
(k
W
h)
C
os
t
pe
r
hour
C
os
t
f
or
c
ons
umpt
io
n
8
-
9
2.91
12
34.92
9
-
10
2.85
9.19
26.19
13
-
14
4.54
27.35
124.169
14
-
15
2.98
13.81
41.153
17
-
18
3.8
9.83
37.354
18
-
19
4.88
8.63
42.114
22
-
23
4.18
16.19
67.674
23
-
24
3.04
8.87
26.964
24
-
1
1.9
8.69
16.577
1
-
2
1.65
8.13
13.414
2
-
3
1.45
8.25
11.962
6
-
7
1.64
8.34
13.677
7
-
8
2.15
9.35
20.102
T
O
T
A
L
=
1001.207
C
a
s
e
2:
W
a
ter
pump
is
s
witche
d
on
a
t
7
P
M
T
he
c
omput
a
ti
on
of
c
ons
umpt
ion
c
os
ts
whe
n
the
mot
or
is
tur
ne
d
on
a
t
7
P
M
is
s
hown
in
T
a
ble
6
.
I
t
take
s
int
o
a
c
c
ount
s
e
ve
r
a
l
va
r
iable
s
,
including
ti
m
e
,
hour
ly
noted
load
a
nd
hour
ly
e
xpe
ns
e
.
B
a
s
e
d
on
the
ba
r
gr
a
ph
in
F
igur
e
4
,
f
o
r
C
a
s
e
2
a
t
7
P
M
,
the
c
os
t
of
c
ons
umpt
ion
is
a
r
ound
70
unit
s
.
T
he
r
e
’
s
a
n
oti
c
e
a
ble
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
in
c
os
ts
dur
ing
the
e
a
r
ly
mor
ning
(
1
AM
to
6
AM
)
a
nd
late
e
ve
ning
(
a
f
ter
7
P
M
)
.
T
he
c
os
t
va
r
ying
thr
oughout
the
da
y,
wi
th
the
highes
t
c
os
ts
oc
c
ur
r
ing
be
twe
e
n
3
P
M
to
4
P
M
a
nd
8
P
M
to
9
P
M
,
r
e
a
c
hing
c
los
e
to
or
jus
t
a
bove
80.
F
igur
e
4
de
mons
tr
a
tes
the
c
os
t
c
ompar
is
on
of
c
ons
umpt
ion
with
e
xis
ti
ng
a
ppr
oa
c
he
s
.
F
igur
e
4(
a
)
de
mons
tr
a
tes
that
in
thi
s
c
a
s
e
,
the
wa
ter
pump
is
s
witche
d
on
a
t
7
P
M
,
a
nd
the
wa
ter
pump
is
s
witche
d
on
a
t
7
P
M
.
He
nc
e
,
1
.
5
k
W
is
a
dde
d
to
the
ti
me
s
lot
a
t
7
P
M
.
T
he
tot
a
l
the
us
e
r
h
a
s
to
pa
y
then
c
omes
out
to
be
R
s
.
945.
78.
T
he
pe
r
c
e
ntage
c
ha
nge
c
a
n
be
c
a
lcula
ted
a
s
:
(
1001.
20
–
945.
78
)
/945.
78
*
100=
5
.
85
%
I
t
is
s
hown
that
whe
n
on
ly
the
wa
ter
pump
is
s
c
h
e
duled
to
a
ti
m
ing,
the
c
os
t
r
e
duc
ti
on
is
a
lm
os
t
a
s
much
a
s
6%
.
F
igu
r
e
4
(
b)
il
lus
tr
a
tes
a
c
omp
r
e
he
ns
ive
c
os
t
c
ompar
is
on
be
twe
e
n
e
xis
ti
ng
Al
i
e
t
al.
[
19
]
,
S
ingh
e
t
al.
[
21
]
,
Dha
ke
e
t
al.
[
25]
methods
a
nd
the
pr
o
pos
e
d
W
AR
M
-
I
oT
.
T
he
a
na
lys
is
c
ons
ider
s
f
a
c
tor
s
s
uc
h
a
s
ini
ti
a
l
s
e
tup
a
nd
maintena
nc
e
e
xpe
ns
e
s
.
T
he
pr
op
os
e
d
W
AR
M
-
I
oT
c
os
t
is
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
by
16.
5
%
,
17
.
5%
a
nd
20.
63%
to
the
e
xis
ti
ng
Ali
e
t
al.
[
19]
,
S
ingh
e
t
al.
[
21]
,
Dha
ke
e
t
al.
[
25
]
method
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
T
a
ble
6.
C
a
lcula
ti
on
of
c
os
t
of
c
ons
umpt
ion
whe
n
a
mot
or
is
s
witche
d
on
a
t
7
P
M
T
im
e
(
H
our
s
)
H
our
ly
not
e
d
l
oa
d
(
kW
h)
C
os
t
pe
r
hour
C
os
t
f
or
c
ons
umpt
io
n
8
-
9
2.91
12
34.92
9
-
10
2.85
9.19
26.19
10
-
11
2.85
12.23
34.855
11
-
12
3.23
20.61
66.570
14
-
15
2.98
13.81
41.153
16
-
17
2.66
16.42
43.677
17
-
18
3.8
9.83
37.354
19
-
20
6.82
8.87
60.493
20
-
21
6.95
8.35
58.032
23
-
24
3.04
8.87
26.964
24
-
1
1.9
8.69
16.577
1
-
2
1.65
8.13
13.414
2
-
3
1.45
8.25
11.962
6
-
7
1.64
8.34
13.677
7
-
8
2.15
9.35
20.102
T
O
T
A
L
=
945.782
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
nt
J
E
lec
&
C
omp
E
ng
,
Vol
.
15
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
20
25
:
635
-
644
642
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
4.
C
os
t
c
ompar
is
on
of
c
ons
umpt
ion
f
o
r
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
s
c
e
na
r
ios
(
a
)
c
os
t
of
c
ons
umpt
ion
f
o
r
C
a
s
e
2:
7
P
M
a
nd
(
b)
c
ompar
is
on
in
te
r
ms
of
c
os
t
3.
3.
Dis
c
u
s
s
ion
T
he
im
pleme
ntation
of
the
W
AR
M
-
I
oT
s
ys
tem
de
mons
tr
a
tes
s
igni
f
ica
nt
a
dva
nc
e
ment
s
in
mana
ging
wa
ter
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
a
nd
opti
mi
z
ing
e
lec
tr
icity
c
ons
umpt
ion.
T
he
s
ys
tem's
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
wa
s
a
s
s
e
s
s
e
d
ba
s
e
d
on
va
r
ious
s
c
e
na
r
ios
,
indi
c
a
ti
ng
that
a
c
ti
va
ti
ng
the
wa
ter
pump
du
r
ing
of
f
-
pe
a
k
hour
s
s
igni
f
ica
ntl
y
r
e
duc
e
s
e
lec
tr
icity
c
os
ts
,
with
a
r
e
duc
ti
on
of
a
ppr
oxim
a
tely
6%
whe
n
a
c
ti
va
ted
a
t
7
P
M
,
a
s
de
mons
tr
a
ted
in
F
igur
e
2(
b
)
.
T
his
opti
mi
z
a
ti
on
a
voids
pe
a
k
e
lec
tr
ic
it
y
pr
ice
pe
r
iods
,
pr
e
s
e
nti
ng
tangible
e
c
onomi
c
be
ne
f
it
s
f
or
both
r
e
s
idential
a
nd
c
omm
e
r
c
ial
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
.
T
he
c
os
t
a
na
lys
is
r
e
ve
a
ls
that
e
lec
tr
icity
c
os
ts
va
r
y
thr
oughout
the
da
y,
with
the
highes
t
c
os
ts
be
twe
e
n
3
P
M
to
4
P
M
a
nd
8
P
M
to
9
P
M
,
a
nd
s
c
he
duli
ng
pu
mp
a
c
ti
va
ti
on
dur
ing
lowe
r
-
c
os
t
pe
r
iods
mi
nim
ize
s
ove
r
a
ll
e
xpe
ndit
ur
e
,
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
4(
a
)
.
T
he
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
of
a
n
And
r
oid
a
pp
f
o
r
r
e
mot
e
m
onit
or
ing
a
nd
c
ontr
ol
a
dds
c
onve
nienc
e
,
a
ll
owing
us
e
r
s
to
r
e
c
e
ive
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
a
ler
ts
,
moni
to
r
wa
ter
leve
ls
,
a
nd
c
ontr
ol
pump
ope
r
a
t
ion
r
e
mot
e
ly
,
e
ns
ur
ing
c
onti
nuous
a
nd
e
f
f
icie
nt
ope
r
a
ti
on
,
a
s
il
lus
tr
a
ted
in
F
igur
e
3.
I
n
c
onc
lus
ion,
the
W
AR
M
-
I
oT
s
ys
tem
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ull
y
int
e
gr
a
tes
I
oT
a
nd
f
uz
z
y
logi
c
f
o
r
e
f
f
icie
nt
wa
ter
a
nd
e
ne
r
gy
mana
ge
ment,
of
f
e
r
ing
s
i
gnif
ica
nt
c
os
t
s
a
vings
,
e
nvir
onmenta
l
be
ne
f
it
s
,
a
nd
a
us
e
r
-
f
r
iendly
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
,
making
it
a
va
luable
s
olut
ion
f
or
moder
n
wa
ter
r
e
s
our
c
e
mana
ge
ment
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
.
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
I
n
thi
s
pa
pe
r
,
a
nove
l
W
AR
M
-
I
oT
f
r
a
mew
or
k
h
a
s
be
e
n
pr
opos
e
d
to
moni
tor
the
wa
ter
leve
l
a
nd
c
ontr
ol
i
t
r
e
mot
e
ly
a
nd
a
ls
o
give
a
n
a
ler
t
mes
s
a
ge
to
s
witch
on
the
wa
ter
pump
to
r
e
duc
e
the
e
lec
tr
ic
it
y
tar
if
f
that
ne
e
ds
to
be
pa
id.
B
y
int
e
gr
a
ti
ng
I
o
T
a
nd
DSM
s
tr
a
tegie
s
,
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
pr
opos
e
s
a
c
ompr
e
he
ns
ive
s
olut
ion
to
a
ddr
e
s
s
wa
ter
wa
s
tage
a
nd
inef
f
icie
nt
e
lec
tr
icity
us
a
ge
in
wa
ter
mana
ge
ment
s
ys
tems
.
Additi
ona
ll
y,
the
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
of
a
n
Andr
oid
a
p
p
pr
ovides
us
e
r
s
with
a
us
e
r
-
f
r
iendly
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
f
o
r
r
e
mot
e
moni
tor
ing
a
nd
c
ontr
ol
o
f
the
wa
ter
mana
ge
ment
s
ys
tem.
T
he
p
r
a
c
ti
c
a
l
im
pleme
ntation
of
the
W
AR
M
-
I
oT
de
mons
tr
a
tes
it
s
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
in
c
ontr
o
ll
ing
wa
ter
leve
ls
a
nd
r
e
duc
ing
e
lec
tr
ici
ty
c
os
ts
.
B
y
a
na
lyzing
c
ons
umpt
ion
c
os
ts
unde
r
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
a
c
ti
va
ti
on
ti
m
ings
,
the
s
ys
tem
s
howc
a
s
e
s
s
igni
f
ica
nt
potential
f
or
c
os
t
s
a
vings
,
with
a
notable
r
e
duc
ti
on
of
up
to
6%
i
n
e
lec
tr
icity
e
xpe
ns
e
s
.
F
utur
e
wor
k
c
a
n
f
oc
us
o
n
f
ur
ther
im
pr
oving
the
s
ys
tem's
c
a
pa
bil
it
ies
by
int
e
gr
a
ti
ng
a
ddit
ional
s
e
ns
or
s
f
or
c
ompr
e
he
ns
ive
moni
to
r
ing
a
nd
r
e
f
ini
ng
the
f
uz
z
y
logi
c
a
lgor
it
hms
f
or
im
pr
ove
d
d
e
c
is
ion
-
making.
RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[
1]
Z
.
K
ıl
ıç
,
“
T
he
im
por
ta
nc
e
of
w
a
te
r
a
nd
c
ons
c
io
us
us
e
of
w
a
te
r
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
H
y
dr
ol
ogy
,
vol
.
4,
no.
5,
pp.
239
–
2
41,
O
c
t.
2020, doi:
10.15406/i
jh
.2020.04.00250.
[
2]
W
.
J
.
C
os
gr
ove
a
nd
D
.
P
.
L
ouc
ks
,
“
W
a
te
r
ma
na
ge
me
nt
:
C
ur
r
e
nt
a
nd
f
ut
ur
e
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
a
nd
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
di
r
e
c
ti
ons
,”
W
at
e
r
R
e
s
ou
r
c
e
s
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
, vol
. 51, no. 6, pp. 4823
–
4839, J
un. 2015, doi:
10.100
2/
2014W
R
016869.
[
3]
N
.
J
oha
nns
e
n,
“
W
in
d
tu
r
bi
ne
c
ont
r
ol
a
nd
a
ut
oma
ti
on,”
in
W
in
d
T
ur
bi
ne
Sy
s
te
m
D
e
s
ig
n.
V
ol
um
e
2:
E
le
c
tr
ic
al
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
g
r
id
in
te
gr
at
io
n, c
ont
r
ol
and monitor
in
g
, I
ns
ti
tu
ti
on of
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g a
nd T
e
c
hnol
ogy, 2023, pp. 309
–
379.
[
4]
R
.
K
.
M
is
hr
a
,
“
F
r
e
s
h
w
a
te
r
a
v
a
il
a
bi
li
ty
a
nd
it
s
gl
oba
l
c
h
a
ll
e
nge
,”
B
r
it
is
h
J
our
nal
of
M
ul
ti
di
s
c
ip
li
nar
y
and
A
dv
anc
e
d
St
u
di
e
s
,
vol
. 4, no. 3, pp. 1
–
78, M
a
y 2023, doi:
10.37745/bj
ma
s
.2022.02
08.
[
5]
M
.
J
a
va
id
,
A
.
H
a
le
e
m,
R
.
P
.
S
in
gh,
a
nd
R
.
S
uma
n,
“
E
nha
nc
in
g
s
ma
r
t
f
a
r
mi
ng
th
r
ough
th
e
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
ons
of
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
4.0
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
ou
r
nal
of
I
nt
e
ll
ig
e
nt
N
e
tw
or
k
s
, vo
l.
3, pp. 150
–
164, 2022, doi:
10.1016/j
.i
ji
n.2022.09.004.
[
6]
D
.
S
a
tt
e
r
th
w
a
it
e
,
“
S
us
ta
in
a
bl
e
c
it
ie
s
or
c
it
ie
s
th
a
t
c
ont
r
ib
ut
e
to
s
us
t
a
in
a
bl
e
de
v
e
lo
pme
nt
?
,”
in
T
he
E
ar
th
s
c
an
R
e
ade
r
in
Sus
ta
in
abl
e
C
it
ie
s
, L
ondon: R
out
le
dge
, 2021, pp. 80
–
106.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
E
lec
&
C
omp
E
ng
I
S
S
N:
2088
-
8708
A
n
int
e
gr
ated
s
mar
t
w
ater
manage
me
nt
s
y
s
tem
fo
r
e
ff
icie
nt
w
ater
c
ons
e
r
v
ati
on
(
J
e
y
a
R
ajanbabu
)
643
[
7]
G
.
S
us
a
n S
hi
ny a
nd B
. M
ut
hu K
uma
r
,
“
E
2I
A
-
H
W
S
N
:
e
ne
r
gy e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
dua
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nt
a
ge
nt
s
ba
s
e
d da
ta
ga
th
e
r
in
g a
nd e
me
r
ge
nc
y
e
ve
nt
de
li
ve
r
y
in
he
te
r
oge
ne
ou
s
W
S
N
e
n
a
bl
e
d
I
oT
,”
W
ir
e
le
s
s
P
e
r
s
onal
C
om
m
uni
c
at
io
n
s
,
vol
.
122,
no.
1,
pp.
379
–
408,
J
a
n.
2
022,
doi
:
10.1007/s
11277
-
021
-
08904
-
3.
[
8]
A
.
A
ppa
th
ur
a
i,
R
.
S
unda
r
a
s
e
ka
r
,
C
.
R
a
ja
,
E
.
J
.
A
le
x,
C
.
A
.
P
a
la
ga
n,
a
nd
A
.
N
it
hya
,
“
A
n
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
opt
im
a
l
ne
ur
a
l
ne
twor
k
-
ba
s
e
d
movi
ng
ve
hi
c
le
de
te
c
ti
on
in
tr
a
f
f
ic
vi
de
o
s
ur
ve
il
la
nc
e
s
ys
te
m,”
C
ir
c
ui
ts
,
Sy
s
te
m
s
,
and
Si
gnal
P
r
oc
e
s
s
in
g
,
vol
.
39,
no.
2,
pp. 734
–
756, F
e
b. 2020, doi:
10.1007/s
00034
-
019
-
01224
-
9.
[
9]
M
.
B
.
A
s
ha
S
te
bi
a
nd
A
.
J
e
ya
m,
“
E
s
ti
ma
ti
on
of
hous
e
hol
d
a
ppl
ia
nc
e
s
a
nd
moni
to
r
iz
a
ti
on
f
or
im
pa
c
t
r
e
du
c
ti
on
us
in
g
e
le
c
tr
o
c
he
mi
c
a
l
s
e
n
s
or
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
ou
r
nal
of
Sy
s
te
m
D
e
s
ig
n
and
C
om
put
in
g
,
vol
.
1
,
no.
1,
pp.
2
7
–
35
,
2023
,
doi
:
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1.N
O
V
152867.
[
10]
S
. S
ha
r
da
, M
. S
in
gh, a
nd K
. S
ha
r
ma
, “
D
e
ma
nd s
id
e
ma
na
ge
me
nt
t
hr
ough loa
d s
hi
f
ti
ng i
n
I
oT
ba
s
e
d H
E
M
S
:
O
ve
r
vi
e
w
, c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
a
nd oppor
tu
ni
ti
e
s
,”
Sus
ta
in
abl
e
C
it
ie
s
and So
c
ie
ty
, vol
. 65, F
e
b.
2021, doi:
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.s
c
s
.2020.102517.
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S
.
A
.
H
.
A
lM
e
twa
ll
y,
M
.
K
.
H
a
s
s
a
n,
a
nd
M
.
H
.
M
our
a
d,
“
R
e
a
l
ti
me
in
te
r
ne
t
of
th
in
gs
(
I
oT
)
ba
s
e
d
w
a
te
r
qu
a
li
ty
ma
na
ge
me
nt
s
ys
te
m,”
P
r
oc
e
di
a C
I
R
P
, vol
. 91, pp. 478
–
485, 2020, doi:
10.1
016/
j.
pr
oc
ir
.2020.03.107.
[
12]
P
.
M
is
hr
a
a
nd
G
.
S
in
gh,
“
E
ne
r
gy
ma
na
ge
me
nt
s
ys
te
m
s
in
s
u
s
ta
in
a
bl
e
s
m
a
r
t
c
it
ie
s
ba
s
e
d
on
th
e
in
te
r
ne
t
of
e
ne
r
gy:
a
te
c
hn
ic
a
l
r
e
vi
e
w
,”
E
ne
r
gi
e
s
, vol
. 16, no. 19, S
e
p. 2023, doi:
10.3390/en1
6196903.
[
13]
M
. H
a
mz
e
i,
S
. K
ha
nda
gh, a
nd N
. J
. N
a
vi
mi
pour
, “
A
qua
li
ty
-
of
-
s
e
r
vi
c
e
-
a
w
a
r
e
s
e
r
vi
c
e
c
ompo
s
it
io
n me
th
od i
n t
he
i
nt
e
r
ne
t
of
t
hi
ngs
us
in
g a
mul
ti
-
obj
e
c
ti
ve
f
uz
z
y
-
ba
s
e
d hybr
id
a
lg
or
it
hm,”
Se
ns
or
s
, vol
. 23, no. 16, 2023, doi
:
10.3390/s
23167233.
[
14]
V
.
K
a
r
th
ik
e
ya
n,
E
.
R
a
ja
,
a
nd
Y
.
P
.
V
i
s
u,
“
I
nt
e
r
ne
t
of
th
in
g
s
e
na
bl
e
d
s
ma
r
t
w
a
te
r
e
xc
e
ll
e
nc
e
ob
s
e
r
vi
ng
a
nd
out
f
lo
w
r
e
c
ogni
ti
on
s
ys
te
m,”
P
hi
li
ppi
ne
J
our
nal
of
Sc
ie
n
c
e
, vol
. 152, no. 5, S
e
p. 20
23, doi:
10.56899/152.05.31
.
[
15]
J
.
W
a
ng,
“
R
e
a
l
-
ti
me
e
le
c
tr
oc
he
mi
c
a
l
moni
to
r
in
g:
to
w
a
r
d
g
r
e
e
n
a
na
ly
ti
c
a
l
c
he
mi
s
tr
y,”
A
c
c
ount
s
of
C
he
m
ic
al
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
,
vol
.
35,
no. 9, pp. 811
–
816, S
e
p. 2002, doi:
10.1021/ar
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.
[
16]
P
. J
a
ya
pr
iy
a
, K
. U
ma
ma
he
s
w
a
r
i,
A
. K
a
vi
th
a
, a
nd A
.
A
hi
la
n, “
A
n i
mpr
ove
d i
nt
e
ll
ig
e
nt
w
a
te
r
dr
ops
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
e
le
c
ti
on f
or
f
in
ge
r
v
e
in
r
e
c
ogni
ti
on,”
J
our
nal
of
I
nt
e
ll
ig
e
nt
and
F
uz
z
y
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
, vol
. 45,
no. 1, pp. 1731
–
1742, J
ul
. 2023, doi:
10.3233/J
I
F
S
-
222717.
[
17]
A
.
C
a
poda
gl
io
a
nd
G
.
O
ls
s
on,
“
E
ne
r
gy
is
s
ue
s
in
s
us
ta
in
a
bl
e
ur
ba
n
w
a
s
te
w
a
t
e
r
ma
na
ge
me
nt
:
U
s
e
,
de
m
a
nd
r
e
duc
ti
on
a
nd
r
e
c
o
ve
r
y
in
t
he
ur
ba
n w
a
te
r
c
yc
le
,”
Sus
ta
in
abi
li
ty
, vol
. 12, no. 1, De
c
. 20
19, doi:
10.3390/s
u12010266.
[
18]
P
.
S
.
K
uma
r
a
nd
B
.
M
.
K
uma
r
,
“
L
oc
a
ti
on
tr
a
c
ki
ng
a
nd
pos
it
io
n
de
te
c
ti
on
f
or
non
-
G
P
S
mobi
le
us
e
r
s
,”
A
s
ia
n
J
ou
r
nal
of
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
in
Soc
ia
l
Sc
ie
nc
e
s
and Hum
ani
ti
e
s
, vol
. 6, no. c
s
1, 2016, doi:
1
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19]
M
. A
.
A
li
, A
.
H
. M
ir
y, a
nd T
. M
.
S
a
l
m
a
n
,
“
I
o
T
ba
s
e
d
w
a
t
e
r
t
a
nk
l
e
v
e
l
c
ont
r
o
l
s
y
s
t
e
m u
s
i
ng P
L
C
,
”
i
n
2
02
0
I
n
te
r
na
ti
on
al
C
o
nf
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
C
om
pu
t
e
r
Sc
ie
n
c
e
a
nd
S
of
tw
a
r
e
E
ng
in
e
e
r
in
g
(
C
SA
SE
)
,
A
pr
.
20
2
0,
p
p.
7
–
1
2,
d
oi
:
1
0.
11
09
/C
S
A
S
E
4
89
20
.2
02
0.
91
42
06
7.
[
20]
K
.
E
.
S
upr
iy
a
a
nd
K
.
R
.
R
a
o
,
“
I
oT
ba
s
e
d
r
e
a
l
ti
me
w
a
te
r
le
v
e
l
moni
to
r
in
g
us
in
g
T
e
xa
s
in
s
tr
ume
nt
s
’
C
C
3200,”
I
ndi
an
J
our
na
l
of
Sc
ie
nc
e
and T
e
c
hnol
ogy
, vol
. 13, no. 17, pp. 1720
–
1729,
M
a
y 2
020, doi:
10.17485/I
J
S
T
/v
13i
17.295.
[
21]
H
.
K
.
H
.
S
in
gh,
H
.
K
a
ma
lu
di
n,
I
.
R
.
A
.
H
a
mi
d,
N
.
Z
.
M
.
S
a
f
a
r
,
a
nd
N
.
A
bdul
la
h,
“
I
oT
-
ba
s
e
d
w
a
t
e
r
ta
nk
le
v
e
l
moni
to
r
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
us
in
g ul
tr
a
s
oni
c
s
e
n
s
or
,”
A
I
P
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
, 2023, d
oi
:
10.1063/5.0128168.
[
22]
M
.
T
.
H
uque
e
t
al
.
,
“
I
nt
e
r
ne
t
of
th
in
gs
(
I
oT
)
ba
s
e
d
s
ma
r
t
w
a
te
r
ta
nk
le
ve
l
moni
to
r
in
g
a
nd
mot
or
pump
c
ont
r
ol
s
ys
te
m
f
or
pr
e
ve
nt
w
a
te
r
w
a
s
te
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
J
our
nal
of
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g a
nd T
e
c
hnol
ogy
, no. J
une
, pp. 352
–
361, 2023
.
[
23]
S
.
J
a
ya
la
ks
hmi
,
“
I
oT
-
e
na
bl
e
d
s
ma
r
t
w
a
te
r
ta
nk
moni
to
r
in
g
s
ys
te
m
w
it
h
a
ndr
oi
d
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
c
ont
r
o
l,
”
i
-
m
anage
r
’
s
J
our
nal
on
I
ns
tr
um
e
nt
at
io
n and C
ont
r
ol
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
, vol
. 11, no. 2, 2023,
doi
:
10.26634/j
ic
.11.2.20406.
[
24]
R
.
P
.
A
nugr
a
ha
,
S
.
P
.
F
a
c
hr
udya
,
a
nd
Y
.
E
.
D
a
oe
d,
“
I
mpl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on
of
a
n
e
c
onomi
c
a
l
io
t
-
ba
s
e
d
li
qui
d
ta
nk
c
ont
r
ol
s
ys
te
m
to
s
uppor
t
onl
in
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
c
ont
r
ol
pr
a
c
ti
c
um,”
J
our
nal
of
C
he
m
ic
al
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
and
M
e
ta
ll
ur
gy
,
vol
.
59,
no.
1,
pp.
105
–
112,
2
024,
doi
:
10.59957/j
c
tm
.v59.i1.2024.12.
[
25]
R
.
D
ha
ke
e
t
al
.
,
“
S
ma
r
t
w
a
te
r
me
te
r
:
a
n
I
oT
-
ba
s
e
d
s
ol
ut
io
n
f
or
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
w
a
te
r
ma
na
ge
me
nt
,”
G
r
e
nz
e
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
na
l
of
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
and
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
(
G
I
J
E
T
)
, 2024.
B
I
OG
RA
P
HI
E
S
OF
AU
T
HO
RS
J
ey
a
R
a
j
a
nba
bu
w
o
rk
i
n
g
as
a
s
s
i
s
t
an
t
p
ro
fe
s
s
o
r
i
n
t
h
e
D
ep
ar
t
men
t
o
f
C
o
mp
u
t
er
Sci
en
ce
a
n
d
E
n
g
i
n
eeri
n
g
i
n
SRM
In
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
o
f
Sci
e
n
ce
an
d
T
ech
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
K
at
t
an
k
al
a
t
h
u
r,
Ch
en
n
ai
.
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p
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e
d
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:
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