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[
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[
2
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-
So
v
iet
s
p
ac
e
r
em
a
in
s
an
u
n
d
e
r
ex
p
lo
r
ed
a
r
ea
o
f
r
esear
ch
,
d
esp
ite
a
g
r
o
win
g
i
n
ter
est
in
th
e
to
p
ic
.
T
h
u
s
,
HE
in
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
th
e
en
d
u
r
i
n
g
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
So
v
iet
leg
ac
y
alo
n
g
s
id
e
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
e
B
o
lo
g
n
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
8
]
.
H
o
wev
er
,
t
h
e
r
ef
o
r
m
o
f
HE
i
n
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
is
h
in
d
er
ed
b
y
o
p
aq
u
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
an
d
th
e
lim
ited
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t
o
f
k
ey
s
tak
eh
o
l
d
er
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
ch
allen
g
es
s
u
ch
as
m
an
ag
in
g
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
au
to
n
o
m
y
,
estab
lis
h
in
g
wo
r
ld
-
class
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
th
e
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
p
o
te
n
tial
o
f
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
as
im
p
o
r
tan
t
o
b
s
tacle
s
in
th
e
r
ef
o
r
m
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
ef
f
e
ctiv
e
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
co
o
p
er
atio
n
b
etwe
en
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
i
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
b
r
ain
d
r
ain
,
an
d
ad
v
an
cin
g
th
e
m
o
d
er
n
izatio
n
o
f
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
[
9
]
.
At
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
lev
el,
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
f
ac
es
m
a
n
y
o
f
th
e
s
a
m
e
ch
allen
g
es
i
n
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
izatio
n
th
at
ar
is
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
ten
s
io
n
b
etwe
en
ad
o
p
tin
g
a
n
ew
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
m
o
d
el
aim
ed
at
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
in
th
e
g
l
o
b
al
HE
m
ar
k
ets
an
d
th
e
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
o
f
HE
co
m
m
o
n
i
n
p
o
s
t
-
So
v
iet
co
u
n
tr
ies.
Desp
ite
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
f
ac
es
in
r
ef
o
r
m
in
g
its
HE
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
i
s
m
ak
in
g
ac
tiv
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
alig
n
with
g
lo
b
al
tr
e
n
d
s
in
in
ter
n
atio
n
aliza
tio
n
.
On
e
n
o
tab
le
ex
am
p
le
is
th
e
e
x
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
g
lo
b
al
s
tu
d
en
t
m
o
b
ilit
y
,
wh
ich
in
v
o
lv
ed
n
ea
r
ly
6
.
4
m
illi
o
n
p
eo
p
le
in
2
0
2
1
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
r
em
ain
s
p
r
im
ar
ily
a
s
en
d
in
g
c
o
u
n
tr
y
r
ath
er
th
an
a
r
ec
eiv
in
g
o
n
e
,
it
is
wo
r
k
in
g
to
en
co
u
r
a
g
e
th
e
r
etu
r
n
o
f
its
citizen
s
wh
o
p
u
r
s
u
e
HE
ab
r
o
ad
,
ex
em
p
lifie
d
b
y
in
itiativ
es lik
e
th
e
B
o
lash
ak
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
Desp
ite
th
e
id
en
tifie
d
d
if
f
icu
lties
o
f
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
in
r
ef
o
r
m
in
g
HE
,
to
d
ay
o
n
e
ca
n
o
b
s
er
v
e
ac
tiv
e
attem
p
ts
b
y
t
h
e
c
o
u
n
tr
y
to
f
o
l
lo
w
th
e
g
lo
b
al
tr
en
d
s
o
f
in
ter
n
atio
n
aliza
tio
n
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
em
is
th
e
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
o
f
g
lo
b
al
s
tu
d
en
t
m
o
b
ilit
y
,
wh
ic
h
alr
ea
d
y
co
v
er
e
d
alm
o
s
t
6
.
4
m
illi
o
n
p
eo
p
le
in
2
0
2
1
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
is
s
till
m
o
r
e
o
f
a
s
en
d
in
g
co
u
n
tr
y
th
an
a
r
ec
eiv
in
g
co
u
n
tr
y
,
i
t
is
tr
y
in
g
to
en
c
o
u
r
ag
e
th
e
r
etu
r
n
o
f
its
citizen
s
af
ter
r
ec
eiv
in
g
HE
ab
r
o
ad
,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
B
o
lash
a
k
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
is
ac
tiv
ely
p
u
r
s
u
in
g
HE
p
o
licies
th
at
ar
e
alig
n
ed
with
r
eg
io
n
aliza
tio
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
.
B
ey
o
n
d
jo
in
in
g
th
e
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
Hig
h
e
r
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Ar
ea
in
2
0
1
0
,
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
was
in
s
tr
u
m
en
tal
in
estab
lis
h
in
g
th
e
C
en
tr
al
Asi
an
Hig
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Ar
ea
i
n
2
0
2
1
.
W
h
ile
it
is
s
till
ea
r
ly
to
as
s
ess
th
e
o
u
tco
m
es,
th
e
ass
o
ciate
d
d
ec
lar
atio
n
o
u
tl
in
es
o
b
jectiv
es
s
u
ch
as
cr
ea
tin
g
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
n
atio
n
al
q
u
alif
i
ca
tio
n
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
,
o
p
tim
izin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
f
o
r
th
e
m
u
tu
al
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
al
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
,
im
p
lem
en
ti
n
g
a
cr
ed
it
s
y
s
tem
,
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
s
tu
d
en
t
m
o
b
ili
ty
am
o
n
g
th
e
f
i
v
e
C
en
tr
al
Asi
an
co
u
n
tr
ies.
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
asp
i
r
es
to
p
lay
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
a
r
eg
i
o
n
al
h
u
b
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
t
m
o
b
ilit
y
with
in
th
is
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
n
atio
n
al
p
o
licies
in
s
cien
tific
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al,
in
n
o
v
a
tiv
e,
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
v
ar
ies
ac
r
o
s
s
co
u
n
tr
ie
s
,
an
d
th
e
s
ca
le
o
f
ch
allen
g
es
f
ac
ed
b
y
b
o
t
h
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
n
atio
n
s
h
as
y
et
to
f
u
lly
b
r
id
g
e
th
e
g
ap
in
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
in
d
icato
r
s
at
t
h
e
n
atio
n
al
lev
el.
Desp
ite
th
ese
d
is
p
ar
ities
,
th
e
s
h
ar
ed
ch
allen
g
es
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
f
ield
p
r
esen
t
a
n
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
f
o
r
co
u
n
tr
ies
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ex
c
h
an
g
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
an
d
co
llab
o
r
ate
i
n
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
co
m
m
o
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
.
Alo
n
g
s
id
e
th
e
u
n
d
e
n
iab
le
ac
h
iev
em
en
ts
o
f
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
’
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
,
o
n
g
o
in
g
is
s
u
es
s
ti
ll
r
eq
u
ir
e
atten
tio
n
.
As
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
ex
p
an
d
s
,
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
tea
ch
in
g
h
as
d
ec
lin
e
d
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
o
f
ten
lack
ad
eq
u
ate
m
ater
ials
an
d
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
is
n
o
u
n
iv
er
s
al
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
th
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
lev
els,
as
ea
ch
in
s
titu
tio
n
h
as
its
o
wn
u
n
iq
u
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
tr
ad
itio
n
s
,
a
n
d
h
is
to
r
y
,
an
d
o
p
er
ates
with
in
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
e
g
io
n
al
co
n
te
x
t.
T
h
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
a
f
f
ec
t
b
o
th
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
tr
ain
in
g
an
d
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
s
cien
tific
an
d
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
e
to
p
ic
o
f
u
p
d
ates
an
d
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ch
an
g
es
in
HE
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
is
er
a
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
d
ig
italizatio
n
r
em
ain
s
u
n
d
er
e
x
p
lo
r
ed
,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
in
g
th
e
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
n
o
ticea
b
le
lack
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
in
Kaz
a
k
h
s
tan
th
at
ex
am
in
e
t
h
e
b
ala
n
ce
b
etwe
e
n
g
lo
b
al
ch
allen
g
es
a
n
d
l
o
ca
l
o
b
jectiv
es
in
t
h
e
p
u
r
s
u
it
o
f
HE
q
u
ality
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
em
p
h
asize
t
h
e
n
ee
d
to
r
ec
o
n
s
id
er
th
e
r
o
le
an
d
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
in
m
o
d
er
n
s
o
ciety
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
lig
h
t
o
f
th
e
e
v
o
lv
in
g
g
lo
b
al
m
a
r
k
ets,
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
ac
ad
em
ic
m
o
b
ilit
y
,
th
e
in
te
n
s
if
y
in
g
co
m
p
etitio
n
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
f
a
cu
lty
,
an
d
t
h
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
t
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
lear
n
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
ese
ch
allen
g
es
im
p
ac
t
b
o
th
r
eg
io
n
al
an
d
lar
g
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
,
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
eir
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
tal
p
r
o
s
p
ec
ts
.
Ho
wev
er
,
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
r
o
le
an
d
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
in
m
o
d
er
n
s
o
ciety
,
p
ar
t
icu
lar
ly
in
r
elatio
n
to
g
lo
b
al
m
ar
k
et
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
ts
,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
ig
italizatio
n
,
a
n
d
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
is
d
if
f
icu
lt
d
u
e
to
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
lack
o
f
r
esear
ch
in
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
,
a
tar
g
eted
s
tu
d
y
o
n
th
e
in
te
r
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
g
l
o
b
al
ch
allen
g
es
a
n
d
lo
ca
l
o
b
jectiv
es
in
th
e
p
u
r
s
u
i
t
o
f
h
ig
h
e
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
q
u
ality
is
n
ee
d
ed
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ai
m
s
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
ex
ten
t
o
f
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
in
Kaz
a
k
h
s
tan
'
s
p
o
licies
a
s
th
ey
n
av
ig
a
te
b
etwe
en
g
lo
b
al
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
lo
ca
l
o
b
jectiv
es
in
th
e
p
u
r
s
u
it o
f
h
i
g
h
er
e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
q
u
ality
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
768
-
776
770
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
b
ec
au
s
e
it
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
h
o
w
m
o
d
er
n
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
in
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
ca
n
b
alan
ce
r
e
g
io
n
al
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies
with
g
lo
b
al
ch
allen
g
es
to
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
q
u
ality
o
f
HE
[
1
5
]
.
Un
f
o
r
tu
n
atel
y
,
th
e
Kaz
ak
h
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
h
as
s
tr
u
g
g
led
to
ad
eq
u
ately
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
n
ew
ch
allen
g
es,
an
d
wh
ile
its
s
ca
le
m
ay
b
e
co
m
p
a
r
ab
le
to
g
lo
b
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
y
et
m
ee
t
th
e
e
v
er
-
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
d
em
an
d
s
f
o
r
q
u
ality
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
wh
ich
ar
e
e
s
s
en
tial f
o
r
m
ain
tain
in
g
c
o
m
p
etitiv
en
ess
.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
t
o
d
ev
el
o
p
n
ew
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
an
d
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
m
o
d
er
n
i
za
tio
n
an
d
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
f
o
r
m
ats
f
o
r
HE
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
,
is
d
r
i
v
en
b
y
th
e
im
p
e
r
ativ
e
to
m
ee
t
b
o
th
r
eg
i
o
n
al
a
n
d
g
lo
b
al
o
b
lig
atio
n
s
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
q
u
ality
.
Acc
u
r
at
ely
s
tu
d
y
in
g
an
d
d
escr
ib
in
g
th
e
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
d
o
m
esti
c
an
d
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
p
r
esen
ts
a
cr
itical
r
esear
ch
c
h
allen
g
e.
I
n
p
ar
tic
u
lar
,
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
'
s
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
i
n
g
lo
b
al
co
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
r
esear
ch
o
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
q
u
ality
h
o
ld
s
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
s
tr
ate
g
ic
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
f
o
r
ad
v
an
cin
g
its
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
b
y
ex
p
l
o
r
in
g
h
o
w
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
tactics
an
d
p
r
ac
tices
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
im
p
ac
t
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
HE
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
n
e
w
in
s
ig
h
ts
th
at
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
cu
r
r
icu
la,
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
s
tr
ateg
ies,
an
d
o
v
er
all
in
s
tit
u
tio
n
al
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
I
t
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
im
p
o
r
tan
t
as
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
al
u
ab
le
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
b
e
n
ef
its
o
f
m
o
d
e
r
n
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
in
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
th
at
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
n
av
ig
ate
g
lo
b
al
c
h
allen
g
es wh
ile
f
u
lf
illi
n
g
r
eg
i
o
n
al
co
m
m
itm
e
n
ts
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
HE
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
des
ig
n
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
s
a
q
u
an
titativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
c
o
llectin
g
an
d
an
aly
zin
g
n
u
m
er
ical
d
ata
t
o
estab
lis
h
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
test
h
y
p
o
th
ese
s
,
an
d
m
ak
e
g
en
e
r
aliza
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
m
eth
o
d
allo
ws
f
o
r
p
r
ec
is
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
an
d
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
is
,
y
ield
in
g
o
b
jectiv
e
a
n
d
r
eliab
le
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
ex
ter
n
al
v
alid
ity
b
y
en
ab
lin
g
g
en
er
aliza
tio
n
to
lar
g
er
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
,
an
d
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
to
tes
t
h
y
p
o
th
eses
an
d
estab
lis
h
ca
u
s
e
-
an
d
-
ef
f
ec
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
q
u
an
titati
v
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
b
o
th
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
an
d
alig
n
ed
with
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
[
1
6
]
.
2
.
2
.
Sa
m
ple a
nd
s
a
m
pli
ng
pro
ce
du
re
A
to
tal
o
f
1
,
2
0
0
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
HE
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
f
r
o
m
p
u
b
lic,
p
r
iv
ate,
a
n
d
s
p
ec
ial
ized
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
as
well
as
d
if
f
er
en
t
g
e
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
r
eg
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
c
o
u
n
tr
y
,
a
s
tr
atif
ied
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
m
et
h
o
d
was
em
p
l
o
y
ed
.
T
h
is
m
e
th
o
d
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
g
en
er
aliza
b
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
b
y
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
a
d
i
v
er
s
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
an
d
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
es.
T
h
e
g
en
er
al
s
o
cio
m
etr
ic
m
ea
s
u
r
es
ar
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
is
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
d
ata
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
h
o
w
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
s
eg
m
en
ts
o
f
th
e
teac
h
in
g
p
o
p
u
la
tio
n
p
er
ce
iv
e
a
n
d
n
a
v
ig
ate
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
an
d
ch
allen
g
es
in
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
'
s
HE
s
y
s
tem
.
I
t
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
r
ef
lect
a
d
iv
er
s
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
c
o
n
tex
ts
,
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
is
s
u
es a
t h
an
d
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Gen
e
r
al
s
o
cio
m
etr
ic
m
ea
s
u
r
es o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
n
)
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
(
%)
A
g
e
25
-
3
4
y
e
a
r
s
2
4
0
2
0
.
0
35
-
4
4
y
e
a
r
s
4
2
0
3
5
.
0
45
-
5
4
y
e
a
r
s
3
0
0
2
5
.
0
5
5
y
e
a
r
s
a
n
d
a
b
o
v
e
2
4
0
2
0
.
0
G
e
n
d
e
r
M
a
l
e
6
0
0
5
0
.
0
F
e
mal
e
6
0
0
5
0
.
0
A
c
a
d
e
mi
c
r
a
n
k
Le
c
t
u
r
e
r
4
8
0
4
0
.
0
S
e
n
i
o
r
l
e
c
t
u
r
e
r
3
6
0
3
0
.
0
A
sso
c
i
a
t
e
p
r
o
f
e
sso
r
2
4
0
2
0
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0
P
r
o
f
e
sso
r
1
2
0
1
0
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0
Y
e
a
r
s
o
f
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
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x
p
e
r
i
e
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e
Le
ss
t
h
a
n
5
y
e
a
r
s
1
8
0
1
5
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0
5
-
1
0
y
e
a
r
s
3
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5
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11
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2
0
y
e
a
r
s
3
6
0
3
0
.
0
M
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
2
0
y
e
a
r
s
3
6
0
3
0
.
0
Ty
p
e
o
f
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
P
u
b
l
i
c
u
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
7
2
0
6
0
.
0
P
r
i
v
a
t
e
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
3
6
0
3
0
.
0
S
p
e
c
i
a
l
i
z
e
d
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
1
2
0
1
0
.
0
2
.
3
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n
Stu
d
y
d
ata
wer
e
co
llected
u
s
in
g
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
is
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
ely
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
o
f
teac
h
er
s
in
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
o
n
th
e
in
ter
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
g
lo
b
al
ch
alle
n
g
es
an
d
lo
ca
l
o
b
jectiv
es
in
HE
.
I
t
en
co
m
p
ass
es
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
g
l
o
b
al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
K
a
z
a
kh
s
ta
n
’
s
u
n
ivers
ities
:
g
lo
b
a
l c
h
a
llen
g
es a
n
d
lo
ca
l
d
u
ti
es imp
r
o
vin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
… (
S
a
n
iya
N
u
r
g
a
liyev
a
)
771
ch
allen
g
es,
lo
ca
l
task
s
,
q
u
ality
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
s
tr
ateg
ies,
an
d
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
ese
s
tr
ateg
ies,
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
a
h
o
lis
tic
v
iew
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
tate
an
d
f
u
tu
r
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
HE
i
n
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
.
T
o
ac
c
o
m
m
o
d
ate
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
a
h
ig
h
r
esp
o
n
s
e
r
ate,
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
b
o
th
o
n
lin
e
an
d
in
p
ap
er
f
o
r
m
at.
Pap
er
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
wer
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
d
u
r
in
g
f
ac
u
lt
y
m
ee
tin
g
s
an
d
c
o
llected
u
p
o
n
co
m
p
letio
n
,
wh
ile
th
e
o
n
lin
e
s
u
r
v
ey
was d
is
tr
ib
u
t
ed
v
ia
em
ail.
2
.
4
.
A
s
t
ruct
ured
qu
estio
nn
a
ire
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
a
im
s
to
g
ath
er
in
s
ig
h
ts
o
n
h
o
w
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
g
lo
b
al
c
h
al
len
g
es
an
d
lo
ca
l
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ili
ties
.
I
t
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
f
iv
e
k
ey
s
ec
tio
n
s
,
ea
ch
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
s
p
ec
if
ic
asp
ec
ts
s
u
ch
as
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ics,
p
er
ce
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
g
lo
b
al
an
d
lo
ca
l
ch
allen
g
es,
s
tr
ateg
ies
f
o
r
q
u
ality
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t,
an
d
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
ese
s
tr
ateg
ies.
E
ac
h
s
ec
tio
n
co
m
p
r
is
es
tar
g
eted
q
u
esti
o
n
s
d
esig
n
ed
to
ass
ess
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t’
s
r
o
le,
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
an
d
v
iews,
as
o
u
tlin
ed
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
en
a
b
les
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
i
n
ter
p
lay
b
etwe
en
g
lo
b
al
a
n
d
lo
c
al
f
ac
to
r
s
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
s
p
o
ten
tial stra
teg
ies f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t.
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
S
e
c
t
i
o
n
F
o
c
u
s
a
r
e
a
Ex
a
m
p
l
e
s
o
f
q
u
e
st
i
o
n
s
D
e
mo
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
i
n
f
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
C
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
n
g
b
a
c
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
d
e
t
a
i
l
s
a
b
o
u
t
t
h
e
r
e
sp
o
n
d
e
n
t
s a
n
d
t
h
e
i
r
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s.
R
o
l
e
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
st
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
,
y
e
a
r
s
o
f
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
p
r
i
mar
y
a
r
e
a
o
f
f
o
c
u
s
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
.
A
d
d
r
e
ss
i
n
g
g
l
o
b
a
l
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
Ex
p
l
o
r
i
n
g
p
e
r
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
g
l
o
b
a
l
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
a
f
f
e
c
t
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
A
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
w
i
t
h
st
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
me
n
t
s
,
s
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
g
l
o
b
a
l
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
;
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
i
n
g
k
e
y
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s.
Lo
c
a
l
r
e
sp
o
n
si
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
U
n
d
e
r
st
a
n
d
i
n
g
v
i
e
w
s
o
n
a
d
d
r
e
ss
i
n
g
l
o
c
a
l
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
l
p
r
i
o
r
i
t
i
e
s.
A
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
w
i
t
h
st
a
t
e
me
n
t
s
o
n
s
o
c
i
o
e
c
o
n
o
mi
c
n
e
e
d
s
,
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
h
e
r
i
t
a
g
e
,
a
n
d
i
n
c
l
u
si
v
i
t
y
;
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
i
n
g
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t
l
o
c
a
l
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s.
S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s f
o
r
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
me
n
t
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
n
g
i
n
st
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
l
st
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
t
o
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
g
l
o
b
a
l
a
n
d
l
o
c
a
l
d
e
ma
n
d
s.
A
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t
w
i
t
h
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
n
c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
u
m
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
me
n
t
,
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
s,
a
n
d
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
ssu
r
a
n
c
e
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
sms
.
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
n
g
st
r
a
t
e
g
y
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss
A
ssessi
n
g
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
st
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
a
n
d
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
i
n
g
a
r
e
a
s f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
me
n
t
.
Ef
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss
r
a
t
i
n
g
s
f
o
r
c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
u
m
,
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
a
n
d
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
ss
u
r
a
n
c
e
;
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
i
n
i
m
p
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
;
o
p
e
n
-
e
n
d
e
d
s
u
g
g
e
st
i
o
n
s
.
2
.
5
.
Va
lid
it
y
a
nd
re
lia
bil
it
y
Du
r
in
g
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
,
t
h
e
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
th
e
Kaz
ak
h
lan
g
u
ag
e
v
er
s
io
n
was
ca
r
ef
u
lly
ass
ess
ed
.
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tag
e,
two
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
tr
an
s
lato
r
s
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
tly
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
d
ir
ec
t
tr
an
s
latio
n
s
o
f
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
.
Giv
en
th
e
task
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
s
y
m
m
et
r
ical
tr
an
s
latio
n
s
,
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
s
tatem
en
ts
v
ar
ied
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
;
th
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
all
v
er
s
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
tatem
en
ts
wer
e
r
etain
ed
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
e
r
ev
alu
atio
n
.
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tag
e,
th
r
ee
e
x
p
er
ts
—
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
f
a
cu
lty
m
em
b
e
r
s
s
p
ec
ializin
g
in
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
(
n
=6
)
,
lin
g
u
is
tics
(
n
=5
)
,
s
o
cio
lo
g
y
(
n
=2
)
,
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
(
n
=
2
)
—
wer
e
ask
ed
to
ass
ess
th
e
ad
eq
u
ac
y
o
f
th
e
g
r
am
m
atica
l
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
ex
p
e
r
ts
s
elec
ted
th
e
s
tatem
en
ts
th
at
m
o
s
t
ac
cu
r
ately
r
ef
lecte
d
th
e
co
n
te
n
t
o
f
th
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
r
elate
d
t
o
s
u
b
j
ec
tiv
e
well
-
b
ein
g
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
v
alid
ity
o
f
t
h
e
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
th
e
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
th
e
s
tatem
en
ts
wer
e
th
en
test
e
d
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
is
,
a
p
ilo
t
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
with
3
0
teac
h
er
s
ag
ed
2
5
-
4
5
as
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
to
r
ef
in
e
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
.
2
.
6
.
E
t
hica
l c
o
m
pli
a
nce
E
th
ical
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
wer
e
p
ar
am
o
u
n
t
in
o
r
g
a
n
izin
g
th
i
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
esear
c
h
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
em
o
s
t
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
t
f
o
r
p
a
r
ticip
atio
n
was
o
b
tain
in
g
th
e
v
o
lu
n
ta
r
y
co
n
s
en
t
o
f
ea
ch
teac
h
e
r
.
B
ef
o
r
e
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
co
m
m
en
ce
d
,
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
wer
e
f
u
lly
in
f
o
r
m
ed
ab
o
u
t
th
e
c
o
n
f
id
en
tiality
an
d
an
o
n
y
m
ity
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
y
wer
e
r
ea
s
s
u
r
ed
th
at
th
er
e
wer
e
n
o
r
i
g
h
t
o
r
wr
o
n
g
an
s
wer
s
.
An
o
n
y
m
ity
an
d
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
,
th
o
u
g
h
clo
s
ely
r
elate
d
,
wer
e
d
is
tin
ctly
ad
d
r
e
s
s
ed
:
th
e
r
esear
ch
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
s
wer
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
ex
cl
u
d
e
a
n
y
d
ata
th
at
co
u
ld
id
en
tify
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
,
an
d
all
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
was
k
ep
t
s
tr
ictly
co
n
f
id
en
tial
an
d
n
o
t
d
is
clo
s
ed
to
an
y
th
ir
d
p
a
r
ties
.
R
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
w
er
e
ass
ig
n
ed
al
p
h
an
u
m
er
ic
i
d
en
tifie
r
s
,
wh
ich
th
ey
co
u
ld
u
s
e
in
p
lace
o
f
th
eir
n
am
es in
all
s
u
r
v
ey
s
an
d
ass
ess
m
en
ts
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
eir
a
n
o
n
y
m
ity
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
2
.
7
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
o
n
lin
e
s
u
r
v
ey
was
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
v
ia
em
ail,
wh
ile
p
a
p
er
s
u
r
v
ey
s
wer
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
d
u
r
i
n
g
f
ac
u
lty
m
ee
tin
g
s
an
d
co
llected
af
te
r
war
d
.
T
o
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
th
e
r
es
p
o
n
s
es
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
ty
p
es
an
d
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
v
ar
i
o
u
s
s
tatis
t
ical
m
eth
o
d
s
wer
e
em
p
l
o
y
ed
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
ANOV
A,
t
-
test
s
,
an
d
C
hi
-
s
q
u
ar
e
test
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
m
u
ltip
le
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
th
e
tactics u
s
ed
b
y
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
768
-
776
772
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
e
x
am
o
u
tco
m
es
is
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
C
hi
-
s
q
u
ar
e
test
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
th
er
e
is
n
o
s
tatis
tically
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
ag
e
o
f
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
an
d
th
e
ir
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ag
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
s
h
ar
e
s
im
ilar
o
p
in
io
n
s
o
n
th
is
is
s
u
e.
3
.
1
.
G
ender
a
nd
t
he
perc
eiv
ed
ef
f
ec
t
iv
eness
o
f
inte
rna
t
io
na
l c
o
lla
bo
ra
t
io
ns
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
test
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
th
e
r
e
i
s
n
o
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
ag
e
o
f
p
a
r
ticip
an
t
s
an
d
th
eir
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ag
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
s
h
ar
e
s
im
ilar
o
p
in
i
o
n
s
o
n
th
is
is
s
u
e
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
h
ig
h
lig
h
t th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
th
at
f
ac
to
r
s
o
th
er
t
h
an
ag
e,
s
u
ch
as
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
ex
p
er
ien
ce
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
teac
h
in
g
co
n
tex
ts
,
m
ig
h
t
p
lay
a
m
o
r
e
in
f
lu
e
n
tial r
o
le
in
s
h
ap
in
g
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
’
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
es o
n
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
ef
f
icac
y
.
3
.
2
.
Aca
de
m
ic
s
t
a
nd
ing
a
nd
t
he
perc
eiv
ed
ef
f
iciency
o
f
q
ua
lity
co
ntr
o
l
m
ea
s
ures
T
h
e
Ch
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
test
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
r
r
el
atio
n
b
etwe
en
ac
ad
e
m
ic
r
an
k
an
d
t
h
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
o
p
in
io
n
s
o
n
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
v
ar
y
c
o
n
s
id
er
ab
ly
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
ac
ad
em
ic
r
an
k
s
,
wh
ich
m
ay
af
f
ec
t
h
o
w
s
taf
f
m
em
b
e
r
s
at
v
ar
io
u
s
le
v
els
im
p
lem
en
t
an
d
p
er
ce
i
v
e
q
u
ali
ty
ass
u
r
an
ce
in
itiativ
es
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
u
n
d
e
r
lin
e
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
tailo
r
in
g
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
co
n
ce
r
n
s
an
d
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
als
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
ac
ad
e
m
ic
r
o
les,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
m
o
r
e
in
clu
s
iv
e
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
m
ai
n
tain
in
g
ac
ad
em
ic
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
3
.
3
.
Yea
rs
o
f
t
e
a
ching
ex
perience
a
nd
perc
eiv
ed
im
pa
ct
o
f
g
lo
ba
l c
ha
lleng
es
A
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
r
r
elatio
n
was
f
o
u
n
d
b
etwe
en
y
ea
r
s
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
an
d
th
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
im
p
ac
t
o
f
g
l
o
b
al
c
h
allen
g
es.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
ed
u
ca
t
o
r
s
'
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
g
lo
b
al
ch
allen
g
es
v
ar
y
with
th
eir
lev
el
o
f
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
p
o
te
n
tially
af
f
ec
ti
n
g
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
a
d
ap
t
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
d
t
o
th
ese
c
h
allen
g
es
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
em
p
h
asize
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ta
r
g
eted
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
th
at
e
q
u
ip
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
at
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
ex
p
er
ien
ce
le
v
els
with
th
e
to
o
ls
an
d
s
tr
ateg
ies
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
ad
d
r
ess
g
lo
b
al
ch
allen
g
es
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
in
t
h
eir
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tices.
3
.
4
.
I
m
pa
c
t
o
f
perc
eiv
ed
lo
ca
l c
ha
lleng
es a
nd
ins
t
it
utio
n
t
y
pe
T
h
e
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
test
r
esu
lts
r
ev
ea
l
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
im
p
a
ct
o
f
l
o
ca
l
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
in
s
titu
tio
n
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
way
lo
ca
l
ch
allen
g
es
ar
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
a
n
d
ad
d
r
ess
ed
v
a
r
ies
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
wh
et
h
er
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
is
p
u
b
lic,
p
r
iv
ate,
o
r
s
p
ec
ializ
ed
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
alu
a
b
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
i
n
to
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
f
ac
to
r
s
an
d
o
p
in
io
n
s
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
asp
ec
ts
o
f
HE
.
Un
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
ese
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
ca
n
h
elp
tailo
r
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
q
u
ali
ty
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
i u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
tak
in
g
in
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t t
h
e
d
iv
er
s
e
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
es o
f
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
.
T
ab
le
3
.
C
h
i
-
s
q
u
ar
e
test
r
e
s
u
lts
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
1
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
2
C
h
i
-
sq
u
a
r
e
v
a
l
u
e
D
e
g
r
e
e
s
o
f
fre
e
d
o
m (
d
f
)
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
A
g
e
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
u
m
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
1
5
.
6
7
9
0
.
0
7
3
G
e
n
d
e
r
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
3
.
8
4
1
0
.
0
5
0
A
c
a
d
e
mi
c
r
a
n
k
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
ss
u
r
a
n
c
e
me
c
h
a
n
i
sms
2
5
.
3
2
9
0
.
0
0
2
Y
e
a
r
s
o
f
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
ce
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
g
l
o
b
a
l
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
i
mp
a
c
t
1
8
.
4
5
9
0
.
0
3
1
Ty
p
e
o
f
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
l
o
c
a
l
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
i
mp
a
c
t
1
2
.
7
6
6
0
.
0
4
7
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
T
-
test
o
u
tco
m
es
i
s
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
4
.
T
h
e
t
-
test
r
esu
lts
(
t=1
.
2
5
,
p
=0
.
2
1
1
)
s
h
o
w
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
b
etwe
en
m
ale
an
d
f
em
ale
teac
h
er
s
in
th
ei
r
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
g
en
d
e
r
d
o
es
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
en
ce
teac
h
er
s
’
v
iews
o
n
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
he
t
-
test
r
esu
lts
(
t=2
.
5
6
,
p
=0
.
0
1
1
)
s
h
o
w
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
etwe
en
p
u
b
lic
an
d
p
r
i
v
ate
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
teac
h
er
s
in
th
eir
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
at
p
u
b
lic
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
r
ated
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
ese
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
h
ig
h
er
th
an
th
eir
co
u
n
ter
p
a
r
ts
at
p
r
iv
ate
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
in
d
icatin
g
d
if
f
er
in
g
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
o
n
t
h
e
b
e
n
ef
i
ts
o
f
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
in
s
titu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
t
-
test
r
esu
lts
(
t=3
.
0
2
,
p
=
0
.
0
0
3
)
s
h
o
w
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
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less
ex
p
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teac
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less
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an
1
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r
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d
m
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d
teac
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r
s
(
1
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r
s
o
r
m
o
r
e)
in
t
h
eir
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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&
R
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N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
K
a
z
a
kh
s
ta
n
’
s
u
n
ivers
ities
:
g
lo
b
a
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h
a
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es a
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lo
ca
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d
u
ti
es imp
r
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ca
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S
a
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N
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r
g
a
liyev
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)
773
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
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ec
h
a
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is
m
s
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Mo
r
e
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teac
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p
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ce
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t
h
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tiv
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tiv
en
ess
o
f
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
[
2
1
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
t
-
test
r
esu
lts
(
t=2
.
7
8
,
p
=
0
.
0
0
6
)
s
h
o
w
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
etwe
e
n
y
o
u
n
g
er
teac
h
er
s
(
4
4
y
ea
r
s
o
r
y
o
u
n
g
e
r
)
a
n
d
o
ld
er
teac
h
er
s
(
o
ld
er
th
an
4
4
y
ea
r
s
)
in
th
eir
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
g
lo
b
al
ch
allen
g
es.
Yo
u
n
g
er
teac
h
e
r
s
p
er
ce
iv
e
g
l
o
b
al
ch
allen
g
es
as
h
av
in
g
a
g
r
ea
ter
im
p
ac
t,
p
o
ten
tially
r
ef
lectin
g
g
en
er
atio
n
al
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
an
d
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es o
n
g
lo
b
al
is
s
u
es
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
t
-
test
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
h
o
w
tea
ch
er
s
p
er
ce
iv
e
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
lo
ca
l
an
d
g
lo
b
al
ch
allen
g
es
b
ased
o
n
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
al
ty
p
e
an
d
ag
e
.
T
e
ac
h
er
s
f
r
o
m
s
p
ec
ialized
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
v
iew
lo
ca
l
ch
allen
g
es
as
h
a
v
in
g
a
g
r
ea
ter
im
p
ac
t
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
o
s
e
f
r
o
m
p
u
b
lic
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
(
t=
-
2
.
1
0
,
p
=
0
.
0
3
6
)
,
in
d
icatin
g
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
th
e
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
lo
ca
l
is
s
u
es
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
in
s
titu
tio
n
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
y
o
u
n
g
e
r
teac
h
er
s
p
er
ce
iv
e
g
lo
b
al
c
h
allen
g
es
as
h
av
in
g
a
g
r
ea
ter
im
p
ac
t
th
an
o
ld
e
r
teac
h
er
s
(
t=
2
.
7
8
,
p
=0
.
0
0
6
)
,
wh
ic
h
m
ay
r
ef
lect
th
eir
r
ec
e
n
t
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
an
d
g
lo
b
al
tr
en
d
s
,
m
ak
in
g
th
e
m
m
o
r
e
attu
n
ed
to
o
r
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
r
ap
id
ch
an
g
es
o
cc
u
r
r
i
n
g
g
l
o
b
ally
[
2
3
]
.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
,
p
r
eser
v
in
g
c
u
ltu
r
al
h
er
itag
e,
an
d
ad
v
an
cin
g
i
n
clu
s
iv
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
at
th
e
lo
ca
l le
v
el
.
T
ab
le
4
. T
-
test
r
esu
l
ts
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
G
r
o
u
p
c
o
m
p
a
r
i
so
n
M
e
a
n
(
G
r
o
u
p
1
)
M
e
a
n
(
G
r
o
u
p
2
)
t
-
va
l
u
e
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
u
m
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
M
a
l
e
v
s f
e
ma
l
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
3
.
8
5
3
.
7
8
1
.
2
5
0
.
2
1
1
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
P
u
b
l
i
c
v
s
p
r
i
v
a
t
e
u
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
i
e
s
3
.
9
2
3
.
7
0
2
.
5
6
0
.
0
1
1
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
ss
u
r
a
n
c
e
mec
h
a
n
i
sms
Le
ss
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
d
(
<
1
0
y
e
a
r
s)
v
s
m
o
r
e
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
d
(
≥
1
0
y
e
a
r
s)
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
3
.
6
0
3
.
8
8
3
.
0
2
0
.
0
0
3
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
g
l
o
b
a
l
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
i
mp
a
c
t
Y
o
u
n
g
e
r
(
≤
4
4
y
e
a
r
s)
v
s
o
l
d
e
r
(
>
4
4
y
e
a
r
s)
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
3
.
9
5
3
.
7
2
2
.
7
8
0
.
0
0
6
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
l
o
c
a
l
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
i
mp
a
c
t
P
u
b
l
i
c
v
s
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
i
z
e
d
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
3
.
6
8
3
.
9
0
-
2
.
1
0
0
.
0
3
6
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
ANOV
A
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
5
.
T
h
e
ANOV
A
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
h
o
w
teac
h
er
s
f
r
o
m
p
u
b
lic,
p
r
iv
ate,
an
d
s
p
ec
ialized
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
p
er
ce
iv
e
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
v
a
r
ies
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
in
s
titu
tio
n
with
wh
ich
th
e
teac
h
er
s
ar
e
ass
o
ciate
d
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
l
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
h
o
w
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
c
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
is
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
a
ca
d
em
ic
r
a
n
k
s
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
est
s
th
at
teac
h
er
s
'
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
c
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
ar
e
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
th
eir
ac
ad
em
i
c
r
an
k
,
lik
el
y
d
u
e
t
o
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
s
in
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
an
d
lev
els
o
f
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
ANOV
A
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
th
e
p
e
r
ce
iv
e
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
b
ased
o
n
y
ea
r
s
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
ex
p
er
ie
n
c
e.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
th
at
teac
h
er
s
with
v
a
r
y
in
g
lev
els
o
f
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
h
o
ld
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
o
p
i
n
io
n
s
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
en
ess
o
f
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
p
lay
s
a
r
o
le
in
s
h
ap
in
g
th
ese
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
l
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
h
o
w
v
ar
io
u
s
ag
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
p
er
ce
iv
e
t
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
g
lo
b
al
ch
allen
g
es.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
teac
h
er
s
'
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
o
n
g
lo
b
al
is
s
u
es
ar
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
eir
ag
e,
as
d
if
f
er
en
t
ag
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
m
ay
v
ar
y
in
th
eir
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
an
d
wo
r
ld
v
iews.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
ANOV
A
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
v
ar
iatio
n
in
h
o
w
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
ty
p
es
o
f
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
p
er
ce
iv
e
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
lo
ca
l
ch
allen
g
es.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
—
wh
e
th
er
p
u
b
lic,
p
r
i
v
ate,
o
r
s
p
ec
ialized
—
p
lay
s
a
r
o
le
in
s
h
ap
in
g
h
o
w
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
v
iew
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
r
eg
io
n
al
is
s
u
es.
T
h
e
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
im
p
ac
t
o
f
lo
ca
l
ch
allen
g
es
v
ar
ied
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
am
o
n
g
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
ty
p
es
o
f
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
ANOV
A
r
esu
lts
(
F=3
.
7
5
,
p
=
0
.
0
2
5
)
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
at
s
p
ec
ialized
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
lo
ca
l
ch
allen
g
es
h
ad
a
g
r
ea
ter
in
f
l
u
en
ce
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
th
o
s
e
at
p
u
b
lic
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
es
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
lo
ca
l
co
n
tex
ts
in
wh
ic
h
s
p
ec
ialized
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
o
p
er
ate,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
t
ailo
r
ed
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
eir
s
p
ec
if
ic
lo
ca
l r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
id
e
n
tifie
d
s
ev
er
al
s
tr
ateg
ies
em
p
lo
y
ed
b
y
c
o
lleg
es
to
en
h
an
ce
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
q
u
ality
wh
ile
b
alan
cin
g
lo
ca
l
an
d
g
lo
b
al
d
em
an
d
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
in
cu
r
r
icu
la,
g
lo
b
al
p
ar
tn
er
s
h
ip
s
,
an
d
q
u
ality
co
n
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Sig
n
if
ican
t
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
th
e
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
ef
f
i
ca
cy
o
f
th
ese
s
tr
ateg
ies
wer
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
in
s
titu
tio
n
an
d
t
ea
ch
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
.
Fo
r
in
s
t
an
ce
,
th
e
ANOV
A
r
esu
lts
r
ev
ea
led
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
h
o
w
v
ar
io
u
s
t
y
p
es
o
f
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
(
F=4
.
6
7
,
p
=0
.
0
1
0
)
.
T
ea
ch
e
r
s
at
p
u
b
lic
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
r
ated
cu
r
r
ic
u
lu
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
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er
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u
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r
eso
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at
p
u
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n
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ities
[
2
8
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
teac
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er
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’
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
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th
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f
icac
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in
ter
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a
tio
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co
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o
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atio
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y
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ac
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ic
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(
F=3
.
8
9
,
p
=0
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0
2
2
)
.
Aca
d
em
ics
at
h
ig
h
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r
a
n
k
s
,
s
u
ch
as
ass
o
ciate
p
r
o
f
ess
o
r
s
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
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2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
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c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
768
-
776
774
p
r
o
f
ess
o
r
s
,
v
iewe
d
i
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
as
m
o
r
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l,
p
o
s
s
ib
ly
d
u
e
to
th
eir
g
r
ea
ter
in
v
o
l
v
em
en
t
in
an
d
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
in
ter
n
ati
o
n
al
ac
ad
em
ic
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
2
9
]
.
An
o
th
er
f
o
ca
l
p
o
in
t
was
q
u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
wh
ich
wer
e
p
er
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ed
as
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o
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t=3
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p
=0
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0
0
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)
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
s
ea
s
o
n
ed
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
m
ig
h
t
h
av
e
a
b
etter
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n
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e
r
s
tan
d
in
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o
f
estab
lis
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e
d
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u
ality
ass
u
r
an
ce
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es with
in
th
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in
s
titu
tio
n
s
an
d
,
as a
r
esu
lt,
f
ee
l
m
o
r
e
co
n
f
id
e
n
t in
th
eir
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
e
s
s
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
i
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
ar
e
ac
tiv
ely
wo
r
k
in
g
to
b
alan
ce
lo
ca
l
an
d
g
lo
b
al
d
em
a
n
d
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
s
tar
k
d
is
p
ar
ities
in
o
p
in
io
n
s
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ased
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n
ag
e,
ex
p
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ce
,
ac
a
d
em
ic
s
tan
d
in
g
,
an
d
ty
p
e
o
f
in
s
titu
tio
n
h
ig
h
lig
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t
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
tailo
r
e
d
ap
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h
es
th
at
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
d
iv
er
s
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
y
o
u
n
g
er
teac
h
er
s
m
i
g
h
t
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
a
d
d
itio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
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t
an
d
tr
ain
in
g
to
ef
f
ec
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e
ly
n
av
ig
ate
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allen
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wh
ile
s
p
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in
s
titu
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s
m
ay
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
o
r
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
ad
eq
u
ately
m
an
ag
e
th
eir
u
n
iq
u
e
lo
ca
l
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies
[
3
1
]
,
[
3
2
]
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
h
o
w
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
i
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
ar
e
n
av
ig
atin
g
th
e
in
ter
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
r
eg
io
n
al
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies
an
d
g
lo
b
al
ch
allen
g
es.
B
y
r
ec
o
g
n
izin
g
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
n
ee
d
s
a
n
d
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
teac
h
e
r
s
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
i
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
ca
n
d
ev
elo
p
m
o
r
e
in
clu
s
iv
e
a
n
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
ac
h
iev
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ex
ce
llen
ce
in
an
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
g
lo
b
alize
d
y
et
l
o
ca
lly
n
u
a
n
ce
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
ab
le
5
.
ANOV
A
r
esu
lts
D
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
I
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
F
-
V
a
l
u
e
p
-
v
a
l
u
e
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
c
u
r
r
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c
u
l
u
m
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
Ty
p
e
o
f
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
4
.
6
7
0
.
0
1
0
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
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n
e
s
s
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
A
c
a
d
e
mi
c
r
a
n
k
3
.
8
9
0
.
0
2
2
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
a
ss
u
r
a
n
c
e
me
c
h
a
n
i
sms
Y
e
a
r
s
o
f
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
5
.
2
3
0
.
0
0
5
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
g
l
o
b
a
l
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
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mp
a
c
t
A
g
e
g
r
o
u
p
6
.
4
5
0
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0
0
2
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
l
o
c
a
l
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
i
mp
a
c
t
Ty
p
e
o
f
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
3
.
7
5
0
.
0
2
5
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
i
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
ar
e
a
cu
tely
awa
r
e
o
f
g
l
o
b
al
is
s
u
es
s
u
ch
as
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
g
lo
b
al
co
m
p
eten
cies,
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t,
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
.
Yo
u
n
g
er
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
,
in
p
a
r
ticu
lar
,
p
er
ce
iv
e
th
ese
is
s
u
es
as
h
av
in
g
a
g
r
ea
ter
im
p
ac
t,
r
ef
lect
in
g
th
eir
h
eig
h
ten
ed
s
en
s
itiv
ity
to
g
e
n
er
atio
n
al
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
a
n
d
in
te
r
n
atio
n
al
t
r
en
d
s
.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
e
r
eg
io
n
,
p
r
eser
v
in
g
cu
ltu
r
a
l
h
er
itag
e,
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
in
clu
s
iv
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ar
e
also
v
iewe
d
as
ess
en
tial
lo
ca
l
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
ies.
T
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
lo
ca
l
ch
allen
g
es
is
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
d
am
o
n
g
teac
h
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
s
p
ec
ialized
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
lo
ca
l
co
n
tex
ts
,
an
d
d
em
a
n
d
s
th
ese
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
f
ac
e.
T
o
n
av
ig
ate
th
e
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
lo
ca
l
an
d
g
lo
b
al
d
em
an
d
s
,
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
em
p
lo
y
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
s
tr
ateg
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
p
ar
t
n
er
s
h
ip
s
,
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
cu
r
r
icu
la,
a
n
d
q
u
ality
co
n
t
r
o
l sy
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
ese
s
tr
ateg
ies
v
ar
ies
b
ased
o
n
th
e
in
s
titu
tio
n
ty
p
e
an
d
t
h
e
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
’
p
r
io
r
teac
h
in
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
.
Fo
r
e
x
am
p
le,
p
u
b
lic
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
r
ec
eiv
ed
h
ig
h
er
r
atin
g
s
f
o
r
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
eir
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
Mo
r
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
teac
h
er
s
ar
e
in
clin
e
d
to
v
iew
q
u
alit
y
ass
u
r
an
ce
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
as
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
f
am
iliar
ity
an
d
o
n
g
o
in
g
in
v
o
l
v
em
en
t
with
th
ese
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
b
o
ls
ter
th
eir
co
n
f
id
en
ce
in
th
eir
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
T
h
e
o
f
in
s
titu
tio
n
ty
p
e
(
p
u
b
lic,
p
r
iv
ate,
o
r
s
p
ec
ialized
)
,
ac
ad
em
ic
s
tan
d
in
g
,
an
d
y
ea
r
s
o
f
teac
h
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
wer
e
all
f
o
u
n
d
to
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
tly
af
f
ec
t
th
ese
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
v
ar
iatio
n
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
c
u
s
to
m
ized
s
tr
ateg
ies
th
at
co
n
s
id
er
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
an
d
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
co
n
tex
ts
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
i
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
ca
len
d
ar
p
lan
o
f
th
e
c
o
m
p
etitio
n
u
n
d
er
th
e
g
r
an
t
p
r
o
ject
o
f
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
Scien
ce
an
d
Hig
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
e
R
ep
u
b
lic
o
f
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
f
o
r
2
0
2
3
-
2
0
2
5
,
B
R
2
1
8
8
2
4
3
4
o
n
th
e
to
p
ic:
“
Sy
s
tem
atic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
,
a
n
aly
s
is
an
d
ass
ess
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
Kaz
ak
h
s
ta
n
.
”
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
A
.
B
e
k
t
e
m
i
r
o
v
a
,
“
T
h
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
K
a
z
a
k
h
s
t
a
n
i
H
EI
s
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
c
a
d
e
mi
c
p
u
b
l
i
sh
i
n
g
i
n
K
a
z
a
k
h
s
t
a
n
’
s
p
o
st
-
S
o
v
i
e
t
n
a
t
i
o
n
-
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
,
”
A
p
o
l
l
o
-
U
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k
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.
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