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s
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K
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w
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s
:
Au
th
en
tic
m
ater
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Fo
r
eig
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lan
g
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L
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ten
in
g
Stu
d
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ea
ch
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CC B
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C
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A
uth
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r
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Aid
a
Gjin
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Dep
ar
tm
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an
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Facu
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1
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ag
jin
ali@
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m
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co
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1.
I
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RO
D
UCT
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At
th
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Facu
lty
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f
Fo
r
eig
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g
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ag
es,
Un
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ity
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ir
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a
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s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
th
e
f
ir
s
t y
ea
r
ar
e
s
u
b
m
itted
to
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
ex
am
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
v
er
if
y
t
h
eir
lan
g
u
ag
e
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
lev
els.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
th
at
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
en
co
u
n
ter
m
an
y
d
if
f
icu
lti
es,
b
o
th
in
b
asic
s
k
ills
as
we
ll
as
in
in
teg
r
ated
s
k
ills
ca
r
r
ied
o
n
f
r
o
m
th
eir
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
ese
s
k
ills
an
d
r
elate
d
is
s
u
es,
th
e
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
v
e
r
if
y
in
g
th
em
in
r
elatio
n
to
th
e
l
is
ten
in
g
s
k
ills
as
a
b
asic
o
n
e.
Sin
ce
lis
ten
in
g
is
clo
s
ely
r
elate
d
to
b
o
th
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
io
n
,
o
r
al
an
d
wr
itten
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
we
b
elie
v
e
it
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
at
th
e
s
am
e
lev
el
as we
ll a
s
in
p
ar
allel
with
o
th
er
lan
g
u
ag
e
s
k
ills
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
t
o
:
i)
id
en
tif
y
th
e
is
s
u
es
r
elate
d
to
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
lis
ten
in
g
s
k
ills
in
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
ag
es
in
Alb
an
ian
p
r
e
-
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
ed
u
ca
tio
n
;
ii
)
v
er
if
y
t
h
e
lis
ten
in
g
s
k
ills
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ex
ten
t
in
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
ag
e
class
r
o
o
m
s
;
s
tu
d
en
t
s
’
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
th
is
s
k
ill’s
p
r
o
g
r
ess
d
u
r
in
g
f
o
r
ei
g
n
la
n
g
u
ag
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
;
iii
)
ex
am
in
ati
o
n
o
f
im
p
ac
t
o
f
s
u
itab
le
an
d
d
iv
er
s
e
tech
n
iq
u
es
as
well
as
au
th
en
tic
m
at
er
ials
em
p
lo
y
ed
b
y
teac
h
er
s
,
d
u
r
in
g
p
r
e
-
lis
ten
in
g
,
lis
ten
in
g
,
an
d
p
o
s
t
-
lis
ten
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
.
L
is
ten
in
g
is
a
n
atu
r
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
in
g
d
ata
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
to
b
e
in
ter
p
r
eted
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
r
elev
an
t
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
[
1
]
.
L
is
ten
in
g
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
f
ir
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
b
asic
s
k
ills
in
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
a
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
ag
e,
s
in
ce
it
is
au
to
m
atica
lly
r
el
ated
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
f
o
llo
w
in
g
with
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
in
s
p
ea
k
in
g
a
n
d
wr
itin
g
.
I
t
is
a
r
ath
er
co
m
p
lex
p
r
o
ce
s
s
wh
ich
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
m
u
ltil
ater
al
attac
h
m
en
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
E
n
h
a
n
cin
g
lis
ten
in
g
s
kills
:
is
s
u
es a
n
d
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
(
Gjin
a
li A
id
a
)
517
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
[
2
]
,
p
la
y
in
g
a
p
ar
am
o
u
n
t
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
r
o
l
e
in
lear
n
in
g
a
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
ag
e
s
in
ce
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
lis
ten
in
g
,
th
e
lear
n
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
s
,
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
es,
a
n
d
lay
s
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
o
th
e
r
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
a
g
e
s
k
ills
[
3
]
.
L
is
ten
in
g
is
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
k
ill
th
at
ev
er
y
h
u
m
an
ac
q
u
ir
es
alr
ea
d
y
in
th
e
ea
r
ly
u
n
c
o
n
s
cio
u
s
lear
n
i
n
g
s
tag
es
[
4
]
.
Stu
d
ies
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
h
ea
r
in
g
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
s
k
ill
f
o
r
lan
g
u
a
g
e
lear
n
in
g
as
it
is
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
in
o
r
d
i
n
ar
y
d
aily
life
[
5
]
.
Desp
ite
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
th
is
a
b
ilit
y
b
ea
r
s
,
it
is
am
o
n
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
f
o
r
g
o
tten
s
k
ills
tak
en
in
to
c
o
n
s
id
er
atio
n
b
y
th
e
teac
h
er
s
in
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
ag
e
class
es
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
I
n
ea
r
lier
s
tu
d
ies,
lis
ten
in
g
wa
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
p
ass
iv
e
s
k
ill
th
at
wo
u
ld
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
p
ea
k
in
g
an
d
r
ea
d
in
g
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
wh
ils
t
h
e
ar
in
g
was
b
ased
s
o
lely
o
n
th
e
teac
h
er
'
s
s
p
ee
ch
[
1
0
]
.
Stu
d
ie
s
n
o
te
th
at
lis
ten
in
g
b
ein
g
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
p
ass
iv
e
s
k
ill
in
lear
n
in
g
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
ag
es
is
s
til
l
co
m
in
g
s
ec
o
n
d
t
o
s
p
ee
ch
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
[
1
1
]
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
tar
g
et
lan
g
u
ag
e
a
r
ticu
latio
n
.
I
t
was
o
n
ly
in
t
h
e
ea
r
l
y
1
9
7
0
s
th
at
s
tu
d
ies
r
elate
d
to
g
ain
in
g
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
lis
ten
in
g
s
k
ills
in
o
th
er
n
o
n
-
n
ativ
e
lan
g
u
a
g
es
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
b
eg
an
.
Prio
r
t
o
th
at,
ef
f
o
r
ts
h
ad
b
ee
n
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
li
s
ten
in
g
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
lan
g
u
ag
e
a
n
d
r
ea
d
in
g
in
b
o
t
h
lan
g
u
a
g
es,
b
u
t
n
o
t
o
n
lis
ten
in
g
in
s
ec
o
n
d
lan
g
u
ag
e
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
t
h
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
s
m
a
i
n
l
y
as
s
o
c
ia
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
f
a
c
t
t
h
a
t
i
t
i
s
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
t
i
m
e
i
n
Al
b
a
n
i
a
n
s
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
s
c
h
o
o
l
s
a
n
d
a
s
s
u
c
h
,
i
t
m
a
k
e
s
u
p
f
o
r
a
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
n
o
v
e
lty
i
n
t
h
i
s
f
i
el
d
.
A
l
l
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
ts
d
e
r
i
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
w
i
l
l
b
e
p
a
r
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
i
n
g
d
o
c
t
o
r
a
l
s
t
u
d
y
w
h
i
c
h
w
i
ll
s
e
r
v
e
t
o
h
a
v
e
a
c
l
e
a
r
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
e
x
t
s
o
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
l
a
t
e
r
i
t
is
b
e
t
t
e
r
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
o
o
d
a
n
d
h
o
w
t
h
e
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
t
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
h
a
n
d
l
e
d
.
W
it
h
r
e
g
a
r
d
s
t
o
t
h
e
r
es
u
l
ts
o
f
t
h
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
:
r
o
u
n
d
t
a
b
l
e
s
,
s
e
m
i
n
a
r
s
,
w
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
,
c
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
as
w
el
l
as
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
es
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
was
d
r
af
te
d
at
th
e
Dep
ar
tm
e
n
t
o
f
I
talian
L
an
g
u
ag
e
,
Fo
FL/Un
iTir
(
Alb
an
ia
)
,
an
d
im
p
lem
en
ted
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
2
0
2
2
-
2
0
2
3
ac
ad
e
m
ic
y
ea
r
.
T
h
e
t
ea
m
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
f
iv
e
lectu
r
e
r
s
,
3
0
s
ec
o
n
d
y
ea
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
th
e
Ma
s
ter
in
T
ea
ch
in
g
,
wh
o
atten
d
ed
th
e
m
an
d
ato
r
y
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
p
r
ac
tice
s
u
b
ject,
in
th
e
tar
g
et
s
ch
o
o
ls
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
,
as
well
as
a
Ph
.
D
.
s
tu
d
en
t
(
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
ab
o
v
em
e
n
tio
n
ed
au
t
h
o
r
s
)
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
1
6
g
en
er
al
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
v
ar
io
u
s
d
is
t
r
icts
o
f
Alb
a
n
ia
c
o
v
er
in
g
all
r
eg
io
n
al
a
r
ea
s
:
2
4
s
ch
o
o
ls
an
d
2
3
teac
h
e
r
s
o
f
I
talian
lan
g
u
a
g
e
o
f
wh
o
m
2
1
f
illed
i
n
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es;
6
,
0
0
0
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
a
n
d
u
p
p
er
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
f
w
h
o
m
4
,
3
0
1
f
i
lled
in
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es.
T
h
e
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
was
p
h
y
s
ically
h
an
d
led
in
all
class
e
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
team
m
em
b
er
s
.
T
h
e
d
etec
ted
r
esu
lts
wer
e
co
llected
b
y
C
lean
Sco
r
e
(
I
T
s
u
p
p
o
r
t)
wh
ich
in
th
eir
co
l
lectio
n
u
s
ed
th
e
R
em
ar
c
So
f
twar
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
wo
r
k
was p
e
r
f
o
r
m
ed
in
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
t
h
e
Helsin
k
i D
ec
lar
atio
n
.
2
.
1
.
Relia
bil
it
y
a
nd
s
im
ple size
T
h
e
wo
r
k
was
b
ased
o
n
a
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
,
w
h
ich
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
tu
d
ies
co
n
d
u
cted
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
ag
e
tea
ch
in
g
/lear
n
in
g
as
it
is
ec
o
n
o
m
ical
in
g
ath
er
in
g
d
ata
in
a
s
h
o
r
ter
tim
e
f
r
am
e
,
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
f
r
o
m
s
tu
d
en
ts
(
in
o
u
r
ca
s
e,
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
class
es)
at
a
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
m
o
m
e
n
t
in
tim
e
[
1
5
]
.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
v
iewe
d
as
a
“
s
n
ap
s
h
o
t
”
o
f
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
[
1
6
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
th
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
s
tu
d
y
was
b
ased
o
n
p
r
im
ar
y
d
ata
th
at
u
s
ed
a
s
u
r
v
ey
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
f
o
r
d
ata
co
llectio
n
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
s
p
ec
if
ically
p
r
ep
ar
ed
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
3
0
item
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t’
s
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
an
d
2
1
item
f
o
r
th
e
teac
h
er
’
s
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
C
r
o
n
b
a
ch
’
s
alp
h
a
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
is
m
ea
s
u
r
e
in
d
icate
d
wh
et
h
e
r
r
esp
o
n
s
es
wer
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
b
etwe
en
item
s
(
r
eliab
ilit
y
)
,
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
r
an
g
e
d
f
r
o
m
0
to
1
.
Hig
h
er
v
alu
e
s
in
d
icate
d
s
tr
o
n
g
er
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
item
s
a
n
d
a
v
alu
e
o
f
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
o
f
.
7
o
r
h
ig
h
er
was
u
s
u
ally
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
to
b
e
g
o
o
d
.
I
n
o
u
r
ca
s
e
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t’
s
q
u
esti
o
n
ar
y
was
0
.
7
8
2
1
0
2
0
an
d
f
o
r
th
e
teac
h
e
r
’
s
was
0
.
7
7
8
1
3
2
,
t
h
at
was
a
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
v
alu
e
wh
ic
h
in
d
icat
ed
a
g
o
o
d
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
th
e
item
s
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
ar
ies.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
is
r
elate
d
t
o
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
as
f
o
r
th
e
teac
h
er
s
,
th
er
e
was
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
n
u
m
b
e
r
,
th
u
s
2
3
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
o
f
wh
o
m
2
1
f
ill
ed
in
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
was
d
ef
in
e
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
C
o
c
h
r
an
’
s
m
o
d
if
ied
f
o
r
m
u
la
(
1
)
f
o
r
f
in
it
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
[
1
8
]
,
wh
er
e:
was
th
e
d
esire
d
lev
el
o
f
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
m
ar
g
in
o
f
er
r
o
r
,
in
o
u
r
ca
s
e=
5
%;
was
th
e
(
esti
m
ated
)
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
wh
ich
h
as
th
e
attr
ib
u
te
i
n
q
u
esti
o
n
,
in
o
u
r
ca
s
e=
0
.
5
;
was
th
e
s
ize
o
f
p
o
p
u
latio
n
,
in
o
u
r
ca
s
e=
6
0
0
0
;
-
s
co
r
e.
T
o
ca
lcu
late
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize,
we
u
s
ed
th
e
co
n
f
id
en
ce
lev
el
9
5
%
f
o
r
wh
i
ch
th
e
z=
s
co
r
e
was
1
.
9
6
.
Ma
k
i
n
g
all
th
e
r
ep
lace
m
en
ts
,
f
o
r
o
u
r
f
o
r
m
u
la
we
co
u
ld
h
av
e
h
ad
a
m
in
im
u
m
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
f
3
6
1
.
T
h
e
ac
tu
al
s
am
p
l
e
s
ize
we
u
s
ed
was
4
3
0
1
,
as
it
was
m
u
ch
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
o
u
r
an
al
y
s
is
.
n
=
2
∗
(
1
−
)
/
e
2
1
+
(
2
∗
(
1
−
)
2
)
(
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
51
6
-
52
4
518
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
I
t
is
im
p
o
s
s
ib
le
in
th
i
s
ar
ticle
to
r
ef
lect
all
th
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
r
esu
lts
as
th
ey
ar
e
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
,
wh
ich
is
wh
y
we
s
h
all
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
o
n
es,
as
r
elate
d
to
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
e
wo
r
k
.
I
n
th
is
f
ir
s
t
p
ar
t
we
will
r
ef
er
to
th
e
d
ata
r
elate
d
to
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
ad
d
r
ess
ed
t
o
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
th
e
f
em
ale
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
5
4
.
6
8
%
is
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
th
e
m
ale
4
0
.
9
9
%
(M
=
1
.
4
3
,
SD=0
.
4
9
)
.
T
h
e
f
ac
t
r
em
ain
s
th
at
f
o
r
th
e
to
tal
p
o
p
u
latio
n
in
Alb
an
i
a,
ag
ed
0
-
3
9
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
,
th
er
e
ar
e
5
1
m
o
r
e
m
ales
th
an
f
em
a
les,
with
a
r
atio
o
f
1
.
0
6
7
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
f
em
ales a
r
e
m
u
ch
m
o
r
e
lik
ely
t
o
p
u
r
s
u
e
s
tu
d
ies co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
m
al
es.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
q
u
esti
o
n
o
f
wh
ich
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
ag
es
t
h
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
r
ef
er
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
ws
th
a
t
5
8
.
6
1
%
p
r
ef
e
r
th
e
E
n
g
lis
h
la
n
g
u
ag
e,
wh
ich
was
p
r
ed
ictab
le.
T
h
e
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
ag
e
is
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
e
I
talian
lan
g
u
ag
e
with
2
4
.
0
2
%,
6
.
6
0
%
f
o
r
th
e
Ger
m
a
n
lan
g
u
ag
e,
an
d
6
.
3
9
%
f
o
r
o
th
e
r
lan
g
u
ag
es
s
u
p
p
lem
en
ted
in
d
iv
id
u
ally
b
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
(
M=
1
.
5
5
,
SD=0
.
7
7
)
.
As
ex
p
ec
ted
,
th
e
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
ag
e
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
o
f
all
lan
g
u
ag
es,
esp
ec
ially
d
u
e
to
it
s
p
r
ac
tical
u
s
e
an
d
n
o
t o
n
ly
,
w
h
ich
o
v
e
r
s
h
ad
o
ws th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
m
aller
lan
g
u
ag
es.
T
h
er
e
is
a
n
o
ticea
b
le
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
p
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
f
o
r
t
h
e
I
talian
la
n
g
u
a
g
e,
es
p
ec
ially
in
th
e
last
2
0
y
ea
r
s
.
T
h
is
f
ac
t
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
is
lan
g
u
ag
e,
d
e
s
p
ite
th
e
em
p
lo
y
m
en
t
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ities
o
f
f
er
ed
in
Alb
an
ia,
is
less
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
d
u
e
to
th
e
f
ac
t
o
f
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
em
i
g
r
atio
n
to
E
n
g
lis
h
-
s
p
ea
k
in
g
c
o
u
n
tr
ies.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
ea
s
o
n
is
th
e
m
o
tiv
atio
n
to
lear
n
a
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
ag
e
th
at
o
f
f
er
s
m
o
r
e
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ities
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
s
u
ch
as E
n
g
lis
h
[
1
9
]
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
r
e
g
ar
d
in
g
lan
g
u
a
g
e
s
k
ills
as
o
r
d
er
ed
in
th
e
f
o
ll
o
win
g
q
u
esti
o
n
:
in
wh
ich
o
n
e
o
f
th
ese
d
o
y
o
u
en
c
o
u
n
ter
m
o
s
t
d
if
f
icu
lty
?
(
A)
lis
ten
in
g
;
(
B
)
r
ea
d
in
g
;
(
C
)
s
p
ea
k
i
n
g
;
(
D)
wr
itin
g
,
in
d
i
ca
te
th
at
th
e
g
r
ea
test
d
if
f
icu
lties
ar
e
r
elate
d
to
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
wr
ite
i
n
I
talian
(
3
4
.
2
5
%),
n
e
x
t
s
p
ea
k
(
2
8
.
8
1
%),
t
h
en
lis
ten
in
g
s
k
ills
(
2
4
%),
wh
ile
r
ea
d
in
g
(
1
6
.
6
0
%)
r
an
k
s
as
th
e
least
d
if
f
icu
lt
(
M=
1
.
3
7
,
SD=
0
.
4
6
)
.
Var
i
o
u
s
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ar
is
e
with
r
eg
ar
d
to
th
is
r
esu
lt.
So
,
wh
at
k
in
d
o
f
lis
ten
in
g
ev
e
n
t
d
o
s
t
u
d
en
ts
talk
ab
o
u
t
wh
er
e
t
h
ey
f
ee
l
th
ey
h
av
e
ea
s
y
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
?
Ho
w
m
u
ch
d
o
th
ey
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
f
r
o
m
wh
at
th
e
y
h
ea
r
?
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Dif
f
ic
u
lties
en
co
u
n
te
r
ed
in
g
e
n
er
al
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
lik
ely
an
s
wer
t
o
wh
y
o
u
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
d
o
n
o
t
h
av
e
m
u
ch
d
if
f
ic
u
lty
with
lis
ten
in
g
ca
n
b
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
f
ac
t
t
h
at
th
e
Alb
an
ian
s
in
g
e
n
er
al
a
r
e
to
s
o
m
e
ex
ten
t
f
am
iliar
with
t
h
e
s
o
u
n
d
o
f
I
talian
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
m
an
y
I
talian
s
wo
r
k
an
d
liv
e
in
Alb
an
ia,
I
talian
T
V
ch
an
n
els
ar
e
ea
s
y
to
b
e
tu
n
ed
to
,
elem
e
n
ts
o
f
I
talian
cu
ltu
r
e
lik
e
f
ash
io
n
,
f
o
o
d
,
an
d
o
th
er
s
ar
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
in
Alb
an
ia,
th
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
A
lb
an
ian
im
m
ig
r
a
n
ts
in
I
taly
an
d
m
a
n
y
Alb
an
ian
s
tu
d
en
ts
at
I
talian
c
o
n
tin
u
e
th
ei
r
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
.
T
h
u
s
,
wh
at
we
ca
n
d
r
aw
f
r
o
m
th
is
r
esu
lt
is
th
at
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
id
en
tify
to
w
h
at
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
a
co
m
m
u
n
icativ
e
e
v
en
t
th
at
tak
es
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
ag
e
an
d
le
v
el
o
f
th
e
p
u
p
ils
,
a
co
m
p
lete
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
au
d
ito
r
y
m
ater
ial
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
n
ex
t
f
o
llo
w
-
u
p
q
u
esti
o
n
,
it
p
r
esen
ts
a
r
esu
lt
th
at
s
o
m
eh
o
w
o
v
e
r
tu
r
n
s
th
e
r
e
aso
n
in
g
,
as
it
n
o
w
co
n
ce
r
n
s
well
-
p
r
ep
a
r
ed
lis
ten
in
g
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
lan
g
u
ag
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
Do
y
o
u
h
av
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lty
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
au
th
en
tic
au
d
i
o
m
ater
ials
?
Ye
s
(
Y)
/No
(
N)
.
T
h
e
4
9
.
8
3
% (
M=
1
.
5
3
,
SD=0
.
5
0
)
,
r
esu
lt m
ea
n
s
th
at
d
if
f
icu
lties
d
o
ex
is
t.
T
h
e
4
4
.
7
3
%
o
f
r
esu
lt
m
ea
n
s
n
o
t.
T
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
es
d
if
f
er
s
lig
h
tly
f
r
o
m
ea
ch
o
th
e
r
.
T
h
is
f
ac
t
s
h
o
ws
th
at
a
litt
le
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
h
alf
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
a
v
e
d
if
f
icu
lties
in
lis
ten
in
g
m
ater
i
als.
T
h
ese
m
ater
ials
,
we
k
n
o
w
ar
e
m
ater
ials
s
p
ec
i
f
ically
d
ev
elo
p
ed
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
is
ab
ilit
y
an
d
th
at
th
eir
lis
ten
in
g
ab
ilit
y
d
if
f
er
s
ess
en
tially
f
r
o
m
th
eir
lis
ten
in
g
to
th
e
teac
h
er
o
r
class
m
ates
in
a
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
v
e
r
y
s
am
e
asp
ec
ts
th
at
th
at
ty
p
e
o
f
m
ate
r
ial
in
clu
d
es:
r
h
y
th
m
,
to
n
e,
s
p
ee
d
,
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
n
o
is
es,
o
f
n
ativ
e
in
ter
lo
cu
to
r
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatin
g
f
r
ee
ly
as
in
n
o
r
m
al
life
.
T
h
u
s
,
ch
allen
g
es
o
f
th
is
n
atu
r
e
s
u
ch
as
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
lis
ten
in
g
ar
e
also
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
in
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
[
2
0
]
p
o
in
tin
g
o
u
t th
at
s
p
ee
d
,
an
d
th
e
len
g
t
h
am
o
n
g
o
th
er
s
[
2
1
]
,
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
ain
is
s
u
es in
lis
ten
in
g
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
io
n
.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
o
n
wh
at
th
eir
m
o
s
t
d
if
f
icu
lties
ar
e
a
n
d
wh
e
r
e
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
:
(A
)
th
e
d
is
tin
ctio
n
o
f
s
o
u
n
d
s
;
(
B
)
th
e
d
is
tin
ctio
n
o
f
wo
r
d
s
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
a
n
o
th
er
;
(
C
)
th
e
m
ea
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
wo
r
d
;
(
D
)
th
e
m
ea
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
s
en
ten
ce
s
;
(
E
)
th
e
d
is
tin
c
tio
n
o
f
co
n
tex
t;
(F
)
p
r
o
v
er
b
s
;
(
G
)
wo
r
d
s
with
co
n
n
o
tatio
n
s
;
an
d
(
H
)
s
p
ee
ch
co
n
tain
in
g
m
etap
h
o
r
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
g
r
ea
test
d
if
f
icu
lties
ar
e
en
co
u
n
ter
ed
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
wo
r
d
s
,
0.00
100.00
A
B
C
D
25.6
2
16.6
0
28.8
1
34.2
5
pe
r
ce
nt
age
R
e
s
ul
t
s
The
fo
ur
l
anguag
e
s
ki
l
l
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
E
n
h
a
n
cin
g
lis
ten
in
g
s
kills
:
is
s
u
es a
n
d
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
(
Gjin
a
li A
id
a
)
519
f
o
llo
win
g
1
9
.
6
2
%
with
th
e
m
ea
n
in
g
o
f
s
en
ten
ce
s
,
1
6
.
1
6
%
in
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
tiatio
n
o
f
wo
r
d
s
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
an
o
th
er
.
W
e
also
n
o
ticed
th
at
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
av
e
less
d
if
f
icu
lty
in
th
e
d
is
tin
ctio
n
o
f
s
o
u
n
d
s
1
1
.
3
0
%.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Dif
f
ic
u
lties
r
elate
d
to
p
ar
ticu
lar
asp
ec
t
o
f
lis
ten
in
g
I
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
a
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
,
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
h
i
g
h
lig
h
te
d
is
s
u
es
is
p
h
o
n
o
lo
g
ical
d
ec
o
d
i
n
g
,
n
am
el
y
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
tiatio
n
o
f
p
h
o
n
e
m
es
as
a
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
ca
u
s
e
o
f
all
m
is
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
s
th
at
ar
is
e
at
th
e
s
y
n
tactic
lev
el
[
2
2
]
,
wh
ic
h
is
n
o
t
co
n
f
i
r
m
ed
in
th
is
ca
s
e,
f
o
r
s
ev
e
r
al
r
ea
s
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
o
n
e
is
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
Alb
an
ia
n
lan
g
u
ag
e
h
as
3
6
p
h
o
n
e
m
es
,
s
o
th
e
au
d
ito
r
y
an
d
p
h
o
n
o
lo
g
ical
ap
p
ar
at
u
s
is
p
r
ep
a
r
ed
to
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
a
n
d
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
th
e
p
h
o
n
em
es o
f
d
i
f
f
er
en
t la
n
g
u
ag
es,
an
d
i
n
th
e
c
ase
o
f
th
e
I
talian
lan
g
u
a
g
e
with
2
6
p
h
o
n
em
es,
we
h
av
e
p
h
o
n
etic
s
u
p
er
io
r
ity
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
o
n
e
b
ec
au
s
e
Alb
an
i
an
s
,
d
u
e
to
g
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
ical,
h
is
to
r
ical,
an
d
c
u
ltu
r
al
p
r
o
x
im
ity
,
as
well
as
p
o
liti
ca
l,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
a
n
d
to
u
r
is
t
r
elatio
n
s
,
with
I
taly
,
h
av
e
p
r
ac
tic
ed
lis
ten
in
g
to
an
d
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
in
g
th
e
p
h
o
n
em
es o
f
th
e
I
talian
lan
g
u
ag
e.
Ho
wev
er
,
as
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
,
th
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
lack
o
f
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
as
well
as
lac
k
o
f
p
o
s
s
ess
io
n
o
f
a
lex
ical
b
asis
in
I
talian
,
i.e
.
o
f
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
tex
ts
,
wh
ich
n
ee
d
to
b
e
r
ec
o
v
er
e
d
at
g
r
ad
e
lev
el
in
s
u
c
h
a
way
as
to
e
n
ab
le
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
th
e
a
u
d
io
m
ater
ials
[
2
3
]
.
A
lo
n
g
s
id
e,
a
u
th
en
tic
lis
ten
in
g
m
ater
ials
,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
ap
p
ly
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
an
d
tech
n
iq
u
es
s
u
ch
as
ac
tiv
i
ties
b
ef
o
r
e,
d
u
r
in
g
an
d
af
te
r
lis
ten
in
g
,
o
f
th
e
ac
ti
v
e,
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
,
d
is
cr
im
in
ate,
i
n
ten
s
iv
e
an
d
ex
ten
s
iv
e
lis
ten
in
g
ty
p
e
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
An
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
r
o
le
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
ese
ac
tiv
ities
is
ce
r
tain
ly
p
lay
ed
b
y
th
e
teac
h
er
[
2
6
]
,
wh
o
m
u
s
t
ex
p
licate
i
n
a
d
v
an
ce
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
ese
ac
tiv
ities
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
teac
h
e
r
s
h
a
ll
h
as
en
a
b
led
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
d
ev
elo
p
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
th
at
h
elp
th
em
in
an
ef
f
icien
t
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
lan
g
u
ag
e
s
o
u
n
d
s
,
wo
r
d
s
an
d
t
h
e
m
ea
n
in
g
o
f
s
en
ten
ce
s
.
T
h
is
is
f
ac
ilit
ated
,
am
o
n
g
o
th
er
s
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
two
ess
en
tial
s
tr
ateg
ies
s
u
ch
as
to
p
-
d
o
wn
an
d
b
o
tto
m
-
up
[
2
7
]
an
d
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
m
etac
o
g
n
itiv
e
s
t
r
ateg
ies,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
e
th
e
a
b
ilit
y
to
co
n
s
cio
u
s
ly
u
s
e
m
etac
o
g
n
itiv
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
to
p
lan
,
o
r
g
a
n
ize,
u
s
e
an
d
ev
a
lu
ate
lear
n
in
g
[
2
8
]
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
o
n
es
th
at
s
er
v
e
f
o
r
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
an
d
s
o
cial
af
f
ec
tiv
e
m
em
o
r
izatio
n
r
elate
d
to
c
o
o
p
er
atio
n
a
n
d
in
te
r
ac
tio
n
with
o
th
er
s
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
d
ata
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
p
r
esen
t
u
s
with
an
ev
en
clea
r
e
r
p
ictu
r
e
o
f
wh
er
e
t
h
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
p
r
o
b
lem
s
s
tem
f
r
o
m
.
W
ith
r
eg
a
r
d
s
to
th
e
q
u
es
tio
n
:
w
h
at
d
o
y
o
u
u
s
u
ally
lis
ten
to
in
a
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
ag
e
clas
s
?
(
A)
th
e
teac
h
er
;
(
B
)
Au
d
io
o
f
r
ea
d
in
g
tex
t
;
(
C
)
Yo
u
T
u
b
e
tex
t
lis
ten
in
g
(
s
o
n
g
s
,
in
ter
v
iews,
f
air
y
tales,
s
to
r
ies;
(
D)
Au
d
io
ac
co
m
p
an
y
in
g
v
id
eo
s
we
s
ee
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
(
f
ilm
s
,
d
o
cu
m
en
tar
ies,
in
ter
v
iews,
cu
r
io
s
ities
)
;
(
E
)
Oth
er
(
s
p
ec
if
y
)
.
I
t
tu
r
n
s
o
u
t
t
h
at
f
o
r
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
tim
e,
7
2
.
7
0
%
th
e
class
lis
ten
s
to
th
e
teac
h
er
.
T
h
is
is
a
p
r
o
b
lem
th
at
s
p
ea
k
s
v
o
lu
m
es
an
d
tells
u
s
th
at
th
e
teac
h
er
tak
es
litt
le
o
r
n
o
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
u
th
en
tic
au
d
io
m
ater
ials
,
lim
itin
g
h
im
/h
er
s
el
f
to
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
eir
v
o
ice,
w
h
ich
is
alr
ea
d
y
k
n
o
wn
with
c
er
tain
ty
th
at
ca
n
n
o
t
m
ee
t th
e
lis
ten
in
g
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t r
eg
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t o
f
th
is
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
a
g
e
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
f
lis
ten
in
g
in
class
0.0
0
50.
00
100
.00
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
11.3
0
16.1
6
25.3
0
19.6
2
11.3
9
15.3
9
11.8
6
18.8
3
P
e
r
ce
nt
age
R
e
s
ul
t
s
S
pe
ci
fi
c l
i
s
t
e
ni
ng
di
ff
i
cul
t
i
e
s
0.0
0
50.
00
100
.00
A
B
C
D
E
72.7
0
11.7
6
10.3
5
6.58
4.21
P
e
r
ce
nt
age
Re
sul
t
s
C
om
m
on
s
ource
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
51
6
-
52
4
520
T
h
is
is
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
b
y
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
ev
en
th
o
u
g
h
lis
ten
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
h
av
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
th
e
p
ast,
ac
tiv
ities
aim
ed
at
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
lis
ten
in
g
s
k
ills
ar
e
r
ar
e
ly
s
u
g
g
ested
,
d
esp
ite
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
th
ey
ac
tu
ally
h
av
e
in
lan
g
u
a
g
e
lear
n
in
g
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
teac
h
e
r
m
u
s
t
ca
r
ef
u
lly
an
d
ef
f
icie
n
tly
u
s
e
au
th
en
tic
m
ater
ials
s
u
ch
as
v
i
d
eo
s
,
b
y
b
u
ild
in
g
s
p
ec
if
ic
ac
tiv
itie
s
to
b
r
i
n
g
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
lis
ten
in
g
s
k
ills
,
tak
in
g
in
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t
th
e
in
t
er
est,
th
e
lev
el,
th
e
aim
ed
o
b
jectiv
es
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
is
asp
ec
t o
f
teac
h
in
g
,
i.e
.
th
e
teac
h
er
d
o
i
n
g
m
o
s
t o
f
th
e
s
p
ea
k
i
n
g
in
class
wh
en
th
is
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
lef
t to
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
h
as
alr
ea
d
y
b
ee
n
v
er
if
ie
d
s
in
ce
1
9
6
3
b
y
Ga
t
teg
n
o
[
3
2
]
,
wh
i
ch
was
th
e
im
p
etu
s
th
at
en
ab
l
ed
h
im
to
co
n
ce
iv
e
th
e
Sil
en
t
W
ay
m
eth
o
d
[
3
3
]
;
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
s
itu
atio
n
m
u
s
t
u
n
d
o
u
b
ted
ly
ch
an
g
e,
an
d
it
is
u
p
to
teac
h
er
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
eir
s
p
ea
k
in
g
tim
e
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
eir
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
a
u
th
en
tic
a
n
d
v
ar
ieg
ated
lis
ten
in
g
m
ate
r
ials
to
h
elp
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
is
s
k
ill.
I
n
a
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
lis
ten
in
g
s
k
ills
,
th
e
s
am
e
s
i
tu
atio
n
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
ty
p
es
o
f
lis
ten
in
g
m
ater
ials
th
at
ar
e
u
s
ed
v
er
y
litt
le
o
r
n
o
t
at
all
in
f
o
r
ei
g
n
lan
g
u
ag
e
class
r
o
o
m
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
eir
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
an
d
d
iv
er
s
it
y
ar
e
a
k
e
y
an
d
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
f
ac
to
r
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
lis
ten
in
g
s
k
ills
,
wh
ich
is
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
in
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
[
3
5
]
.
T
h
e
f
ac
t
th
at
th
is
is
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
b
y
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
o
c
o
n
f
ir
m
s
th
e
ab
o
v
e
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
W
ith
r
eg
ar
d
s
to
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
:
d
o
y
o
u
th
in
k
m
o
r
e
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
d
i
v
er
s
e
m
ater
ials
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
o
f
f
er
ed
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
h
ea
r
in
g
ab
ilit
y
?
W
e
f
in
d
th
at
th
e
7
2
.
5
9
%
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
er
s
ar
e
lo
o
k
in
g
f
o
r
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
an
d
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t d
iv
er
s
e
m
ater
ials
r
elate
d
to
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
th
is
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
(
M=
1
.
6
4
,
SD=0
.
3
5
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Var
io
u
s
d
id
ac
tic
m
at
er
ials
T
h
e
n
ee
d
to
ad
d
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
m
ater
ials
is
r
ea
f
f
ir
m
ed
ag
ain
in
th
e
n
ex
t q
u
esti
o
n
,
wh
ich
in
d
icate
s
th
at
class
r
o
o
m
ac
tiv
ities
ar
e
n
o
t
s
u
f
f
icien
t
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
is
s
k
ill.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
:
d
o
y
o
u
th
in
k
y
o
u
r
class
r
o
o
m
lis
ten
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
ar
e
s
u
f
f
icien
t
to
d
ea
l
with
"r
e
al"
s
itu
atio
n
s
in
r
ea
l
life
?
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
h
o
ws
t
h
at
5
3
.
1
5
% r
e
q
u
est th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
m
ater
ials
,
wh
ile
4
5
.
6
4
% d
o
n
o
t.
T
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
5
3
.
1
5
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
th
in
k
th
at
m
o
r
e
lis
ten
in
g
m
ater
ials
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
in
cl
u
d
ed
is
an
in
d
icatio
n
th
at
clea
r
ly
s
p
ea
k
s
o
f
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
o
f
th
is
n
ee
d
i
n
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
ag
e
class
es.
H
o
wev
er
,
it
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
clea
r
th
at
teac
h
er
s
o
p
er
atin
g
i
n
r
em
o
te
d
is
tr
icts
o
r
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
d
o
n
o
t
h
av
e
all
th
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies
to
en
ab
le
th
e
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
a
v
ar
ie
ty
o
f
m
ater
ials
,
s
o
th
e
y
ar
e
o
f
ten
ass
ig
n
ed
as
h
o
m
ewo
r
k
in
o
r
d
er
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
u
s
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
i
n
th
is
r
eg
ar
d
,
wh
ich
o
f
co
u
r
s
e
is
n
o
t
alwa
y
s
p
r
o
p
er
ly
r
ea
lized
o
r
n
o
t
at
all.
I
t
is
v
er
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
th
at
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
h
as
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
t
o
lis
ten
in
g
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
ex
is
ti
n
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
n
ew
in
p
u
ts
,
co
n
s
id
er
ed
e
x
ten
s
iv
e
lis
ten
in
g
.
E
x
ten
s
iv
e
lis
ten
in
g
r
ef
er
s
to
all
ty
p
es
o
f
lis
ten
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
th
at
al
lo
w
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
r
ec
eiv
e
a
lo
t
o
f
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
ab
le
an
d
en
j
o
y
ab
le
lis
ten
in
g
in
p
u
t.
E
x
te
n
s
iv
e
lis
ten
in
g
is
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
en
ab
les
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
is
s
u
es
h
e/sh
e
h
as
with
‘
m
ea
n
in
g
’
an
d
cr
ea
te
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
wo
r
d
s
[
3
6
]
.
I
n
th
e
last
s
ec
tio
n
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
al
o
p
in
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
n
ce
r
tain
asp
ec
ts
we
h
av
e
p
r
esen
ted
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
o
n
es
th
at
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
th
e
o
b
ject
o
f
s
tu
d
y
,
as
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
d
ata
ar
e
r
elate
d
t
o
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
:
lis
ten
in
g
to
I
ta
lian
lan
g
u
ag
e
is
a
to
u
g
h
tes
t
f
o
r
m
e:
1
=
Dis
ag
r
ee
,
2
=
Ver
y
litt
le,
3
=
L
ittl
e,
4
=
Su
f
f
icien
t
to
s
o
m
e
ex
te
n
t,
5
=
Ag
r
ee
b
u
t
n
o
t
1
0
0
%,
6
=
T
o
ta
lly
ag
r
ee
.
So
,
we
h
a
v
e
1
2
.
5
8
%
wh
o
d
o
n
o
t
ag
r
ee
,
12
.
7
9
%
wh
ich
ar
e
v
e
r
y
litt
le
ag
r
ee
,
2
1
.
9
7
%
wh
ich
ar
e
a
litt
le
ag
r
ee
,
1
7
.
8
3
%
wh
ich
ar
e
q
u
ite
ag
r
ee
ab
le
to
s
o
m
e
ex
ten
t,
1
8
.
2
1
% wh
ic
h
ar
e
ag
r
ee
b
u
t n
o
t
1
0
0
% a
n
d
1
4
.
8
8
% wh
ich
ar
e
to
tally
a
g
r
ee
.
W
e
s
ee
th
at
th
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
ted
m
o
r
e
o
r
less
in
th
e
s
am
e
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e.
T
o
b
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
tated
th
at
p
er
ce
n
tag
es f
r
o
m
n
o
.
4
-
6
ar
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
,
s
o
in
th
is
r
e
g
ar
d
we
m
u
s
t
r
e
f
lect
o
n
t
h
e
f
ac
t
th
at
t
h
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
th
em
f
ac
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lties
d
esp
ite
b
ein
g
d
if
f
er
en
t p
er
ce
n
ta
g
es
an
d
o
n
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
ca
les
o
f
ev
alu
atio
n
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
co
n
s
id
er
t
h
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
lis
ten
in
g
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
ch
allen
g
in
g
s
k
ill
to
d
ev
elo
p
,
th
u
s
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
co
n
d
u
ct
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
n
ee
d
s
in
th
is
ar
ea
.
Sev
er
al
co
n
d
u
cted
s
tu
d
ies
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
th
e
teac
h
e
r
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
w
h
at
ar
e
t
h
e
d
if
f
icu
lties
th
at
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
f
ac
es
in
o
r
d
er
to
u
s
e
s
u
c
h
ac
tiv
ities
to
en
ab
le
th
em
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
an
d
d
ev
el
o
p
th
is
ab
ilit
y
[
3
7
]
.
0.0
0
50.
00
100
.00
Y
N
72.59
25.8
8
P
e
r
ce
nt
age
R
e
s
ul
t
s
C
l
ass
M
ate
r
i
al
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
E
n
h
a
n
cin
g
lis
ten
in
g
s
kills
:
is
s
u
es a
n
d
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
(
Gjin
a
li A
id
a
)
521
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Stu
d
e
n
t’
s
d
if
f
icu
lties
in
lis
ten
in
g
FL
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
t
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
s
tr
ateg
ies
o
r
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
tech
n
i
q
u
es
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
u
s
e
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
lis
ten
in
g
tex
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
th
eir
g
e
n
er
al
n
o
n
-
d
etailed
m
ea
n
in
g
,
f
in
d
in
g
s
im
ilar
ities
wi
th
p
r
ev
io
u
s
te
x
ts
,
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
b
ased
o
n
wh
at
th
ey
k
n
o
w,
th
ey
u
s
e
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
au
d
io
m
ater
ial
s
im
ilar
ly
as
in
Fig
u
r
es
6
-
8
r
e
g
ar
d
i
n
g
th
e
r
elev
an
t
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
Fro
m
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lts
we
n
o
te
th
at
in
ter
m
s
o
f
a
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
th
ey
u
s
e
in
d
iv
id
u
ally
th
e
v
alu
es
a
r
e
in
p
o
s
itiv
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
es
u
p
f
r
o
m
3
-
6
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
th
ese
k
i
n
d
s
o
f
s
tr
ateg
ies
o
r
tech
n
iq
u
es
o
f
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
io
n
h
elp
th
em
i
n
g
r
asp
in
g
au
d
i
o
m
ater
ials
d
esp
ite
t
h
eir
n
u
m
b
er
b
ein
g
s
m
all
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
to
tal;
y
et
th
ese
r
esu
lt
s
en
ab
le
u
s
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
wh
at
in
d
iv
id
u
al
tech
n
iq
u
es
o
r
s
tr
ateg
ies
we
n
ee
d
to
d
ev
el
o
p
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
ca
p
ac
ity
f
o
r
lis
ten
in
g
m
ater
ials
.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
ese
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
th
e
in
f
l
u
en
cin
g
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
af
f
ec
t
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
is
s
k
ill
an
d
h
o
w
t
h
ey
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es,
it
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
th
at
th
e
teac
h
e
r
p
e
r
ce
iv
es
th
eir
co
g
n
itiv
e
s
ty
le
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
k
n
o
w
wh
at
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
n
ee
d
to
tak
e
p
lace
a
n
d
h
o
w.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
I
tr
y
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
tex
t in
its
en
tire
ty
,
n
o
t in
d
etail,
u
s
in
g
th
e
wo
r
d
s
I
k
n
o
w
to
r
o
u
g
h
ly
g
u
ess
th
e
m
ea
n
in
g
o
f
wo
r
d
s
I
d
o
n
'
t k
n
o
w
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
B
ef
o
r
e
I
lis
ten
to
a
te
x
t,
I
th
in
k
o
f
s
im
ilar
tex
ts
I
’
v
e
en
co
u
n
ter
e
d
b
ef
o
r
e
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
I
am
h
el
p
ed
b
y
th
e
g
en
er
al
m
ea
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
tex
t,
to
in
d
u
ce
th
e
m
ea
n
in
g
o
f
w
o
r
d
s
I
d
o
n
o
t
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
0.0
0
50.
00
100
.00
1
2
3
4
5
6
12.5
8
12.7
9
21.9
7
17.83
18.2
1
14.8
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P
e
r
ce
nt
age
R
e
s
ul
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S
t
ude
nt
'
s
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onal
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ce
pt
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on
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00
100
.00
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
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7
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6
3
1
3
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3
0
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5
1
2
4
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8
1
2
6
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2
P
e
r
ce
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age
R
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G
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t
he
m
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0.0
0
50.
00
100
.00
1
2
3
4
5
6
14.1
4
14.0
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15.1
4
16.3
9
21.0
2
16.8
6
P
e
r
e
nt
age
R
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s
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S
i
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ar t
e
x
t
s
0.0
0
5
0
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0
0
1
0
0
.0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
6.88
9.79
15.6
2
17.95
24.0
4
23.1
8
P
e
r
c
e
nt
ag
e
R
e
s
ul
t
s
G
e
ne
r
al
M
e
ani
ng
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
51
6
-
52
4
522
3
.
1
.
Q
ues
t
io
nn
a
ires
a
dd
re
s
s
ed
t
o
t
ea
cher
s
I
n
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
f
o
r
teac
h
er
s
,
with
r
eg
ar
d
s
to
t
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
q
u
esti
o
n
:
d
o
y
o
u
th
in
k
t
h
at
all
f
o
u
r
lan
g
u
ag
e
s
k
ills
,
i.e
.
lis
ten
in
g
,
s
p
ea
k
in
g
,
r
ea
d
i
n
g
,
an
d
wr
itin
g
,
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
ea
lt
with
eq
u
all
y
?
W
e
n
o
ticed
th
at
6
8
.
1
8
%
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
co
r
r
ec
tly
s
tate
th
ey
h
av
e
th
e
s
am
e
weig
h
t
in
th
eir
teac
h
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
1
8
.
1
8
%
wh
o
th
in
k
th
ey
ar
e
n
o
t
eq
u
ally
im
p
o
r
tan
t
is
a
wo
r
r
y
in
g
f
ig
u
r
e,
an
d
an
o
th
er
9
.
0
9
%
th
in
k
th
at
o
th
er
s
k
ills
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
(
M=
1
.
3
8
,
SD=0
.
6
7
)
.
I
n
th
e
an
s
wer
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
it
also
tu
r
n
s
o
u
t
t
h
at
g
r
am
m
a
r
is
wh
at
is
wo
r
th
m
u
ch
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
an
y
th
in
g
else.
B
ea
r
in
g
in
m
in
d
th
at
th
e
y
ea
r
s
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
’
w
o
r
k
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
is
f
r
o
m
1
0
to
1
5
,
th
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
ese
ar
e
th
e
teac
h
er
s
wh
o
g
r
a
d
u
ated
alm
o
s
t
1
5
to
2
0
y
ea
r
s
ag
o
,
an
d
g
iv
e
n
th
at
th
e
p
r
ev
ail
in
g
teac
h
in
g
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
th
e
tim
e
was
lar
g
ely
t
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
class
ic.
T
h
is
ex
p
lain
s
to
s
o
m
e
e
x
ten
t
t
h
e
f
ac
t
th
at
a
s
m
all
p
ar
t
th
in
k
s
th
at
g
r
am
m
ar
is
th
e
m
ain
asp
e
ct
th
at
a
teac
h
er
s
h
o
u
ld
wo
r
r
y
ab
o
u
t.
R
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
r
esu
lts
ap
p
ea
r
i
n
g
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
q
u
esti
o
n
:
h
o
w
m
u
ch
d
o
y
o
u
ap
p
r
ec
iate
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
lis
ten
in
g
a
n
d
s
p
ea
k
in
g
a
b
ilit
ies
wh
ile
teac
h
in
g
I
talian
?
(
A
)
v
er
y
;
(
B
)
litt
le;
(
C
)
en
o
u
g
h
; a
n
d
(
D)
eq
u
al
to
a
ll o
th
er
s
k
ills
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt in
d
ic
ates th
at
th
e
5
0
% a
p
p
r
ec
iate
it
a
lo
t,
th
e
0
% littl
e,
th
e
1
8
.
1
8
% e
n
o
u
g
h
a
n
d
th
e
2
7
.
2
7
% e
q
u
al
to
th
e
o
th
e
r
s
k
ills
(
M=
2
.
2
4
,
SD=1
.
3
7
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
T
ea
c
h
er
’
s
ev
alu
atio
n
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
k
ills
T
h
e
r
esu
lt th
at
5
0
% o
f
th
em
ap
p
r
ec
iate
it a
lo
t,
co
n
tr
ad
icts
wh
at
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
ta
te
wh
en
t
h
ey
s
ay
th
at
teac
h
er
s
ar
e
th
e
o
n
es
wh
o
ar
e
h
ea
r
d
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
f
ar
m
o
r
e
th
an
o
th
e
r
lis
ten
in
g
m
ater
ials
.
Of
co
u
r
s
e,
teac
h
er
s
ca
n
n
o
t
o
p
en
ly
a
d
m
i
t
to
h
o
w
m
u
ch
an
d
h
o
w
th
e
y
u
s
e
lis
ten
in
g
m
ater
ials
.
T
h
is
is
wh
y
we
wi
ll
co
n
s
id
er
as
m
o
r
e
r
ea
lis
tic
an
d
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
r
esu
lts
th
e
d
ata
d
er
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
es
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
lace
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
ar
e
in
a
lar
g
er
n
u
m
b
er
f
o
r
o
n
e
th
in
g
,
an
d
,
f
o
r
an
o
th
e
r
,
th
e
teac
h
er
s
ten
d
to
co
m
p
lem
en
t th
e
s
itu
atio
n
an
d
p
r
esen
t th
eir
co
n
tr
o
v
e
r
s
ial
wo
r
k
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ically
.
I
n
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
q
u
esti
o
n
:
do
y
o
u
th
in
k
I
talian
p
r
e
-
co
lleg
e
a
n
d
co
lleg
e
teac
h
er
s
n
ee
d
s
p
ec
ial
tr
ain
in
g
f
o
r
u
s
in
g
s
u
ch
au
th
en
tic
m
at
er
ials
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
5
4
.
5
5
%
o
f
th
e
teac
h
er
s
an
s
wer
ed
n
o
,
an
d
4
5
.
4
5
%
an
s
wer
ed
y
es
(
M=
1
.
4
5
,
SD=0
.
5
1
)
.
W
h
at
d
o
es
it
m
ea
n
th
is
?
I
s
s
u
r
p
r
is
in
g
th
at
o
v
er
h
alf
o
f
th
em
th
in
k
th
ey
d
o
n
'
t
n
ee
d
to
b
e
tr
ain
ed
o
n
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
au
th
e
n
tic
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
th
e
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
lis
ten
in
g
s
k
ills
.
T
h
e
o
n
ly
e
x
p
lan
atio
n
we
ca
n
o
f
f
e
r
is
th
at
eith
er
th
ey
ar
e
f
u
lly
t
r
ain
ed
a
n
d
f
o
r
m
e
d
o
n
t
h
is
asp
ec
t
o
r
th
ey
d
o
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
a
teac
h
er
n
ee
d
s
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
tr
ain
i
n
g
as
t
ea
ch
in
g
is
a
co
n
s
tan
tly
ev
o
lv
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
an
d
th
e
ar
r
iv
al
o
f
n
ew
m
ater
ials
g
iv
es
r
is
e
to
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
p
r
o
p
er
an
d
ac
cu
r
ate
u
s
e
o
f
th
em
in
o
r
d
er
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es
,
as
well
as
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
lan
g
u
ag
e
its
elf
is
an
ev
o
lv
in
g
o
r
g
an
is
m
.
T
h
e
f
ac
t
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
r
esen
t
is
s
u
es
clea
r
ly
in
d
icate
wh
at
th
ey
u
s
e
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
an
d
th
e
ex
ten
t
o
f
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
es
an
d
s
tr
ateg
ies u
s
ag
e,
wh
ich
ar
e
in
t
u
r
n
n
o
t a
t a
s
u
itab
le
lev
el.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
a
r
ef
lectio
n
o
n
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
th
em
s
elv
es
an
d
h
o
w
th
ey
s
elf
-
ass
es
s
th
eir
ac
h
iev
em
en
ts
:
Do
y
o
u
u
s
e
s
elf
-
ass
es
s
m
en
t
f
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
y
o
u
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
r
eg
ar
d
to
t
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
a
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ac
tiv
ity
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
?
I
t
tu
r
n
s
o
u
t
th
at
3
6
.
3
6
%
(
M=
1
.
5
3
,
SD=0
.
5
1
)
o
f
th
e
teac
h
er
s
d
o
n
o
t u
s
e
th
em
a
n
d
t
h
e
o
th
er
4
0
.
9
1
% u
s
e
th
em
.
W
h
at
is
r
ev
ea
led
i
n
th
is
ca
s
e
is
th
e
ig
n
o
r
e
o
n
th
e
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
teac
h
er
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
wh
at
t
h
e
s
tu
d
en
t
h
as
b
en
ef
ited
f
r
o
m
a
ce
r
tain
ac
tiv
ity
o
r
a
f
u
ll
d
id
ac
tic
u
n
it,
wh
ich
p
en
alize
s
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
wh
o
h
as
en
co
u
n
ter
ed
d
if
f
icu
lties
.
T
h
eir
lim
ited
u
s
e
g
o
es
ag
ain
s
t
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
is
n
o
t
clea
r
ab
o
u
t
th
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
co
m
p
eten
cies.
W
h
en
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
s
th
at
s
elf
-
ass
ess
m
en
t
is
b
en
ef
icial,
esp
ec
ially
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
lear
n
in
g
,
h
e/sh
e
f
u
lly
ap
p
r
ec
iates
it
an
d
wis
h
es
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
s
elf
-
ev
al
u
atio
n
[
3
8
]
.
Stu
d
en
ts
will
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
eir
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
n
ee
d
s
an
d
r
ec
ei
v
e
u
s
ef
u
l
f
e
ed
b
ac
k
;
s
elf
-
ass
ess
m
en
t
ca
n
h
av
e
h
ig
h
r
esu
lts
in
ter
m
s
o
f
a
u
th
en
ticity
a
n
d
wash
b
ac
k
.
0.0
0
100
.00
A
B
C
D
50.0
0
0.00
18.1
8
27.2
7
P
e
r
ce
nt
age
R
e
s
ul
t
s
T
e
a
c
h
e
r
'
s
a
p
p
r
e
c
i
a
t
i
o
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
E
n
h
a
n
cin
g
lis
ten
in
g
s
kills
:
is
s
u
es a
n
d
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
(
Gjin
a
li A
id
a
)
523
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
c
o
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
es
is
o
n
d
if
f
icu
lties
an
d
/o
r
p
r
o
b
lem
s
r
elate
d
to
lis
ten
in
g
s
k
ills
ar
e
co
n
f
ir
m
e
d
.
T
h
e
lis
ten
in
g
s
k
ills
p
r
o
b
lem
s
en
c
o
u
n
ter
e
d
ar
e
m
o
s
tly
r
elate
d
to
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
io
n
,
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
,
lack
o
f
lis
ten
in
g
ac
tiv
ity
o
r
m
ater
ials
,
lim
ited
u
s
e
an
d
v
ar
iety
o
f
m
ater
ials
b
y
teac
h
er
s
ass
u
m
in
g
th
at
th
ey
ar
e
s
im
p
ly
a
waste
o
f
tim
e,
lack
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
m
ea
n
s
,
o
r
u
s
e
o
f
m
ater
ials
th
at
d
o
n
o
t
m
o
t
iv
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
th
at
th
e
lis
ten
in
g
ab
ilit
y
is
i
n
ter
twin
ed
with
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
an
d
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
in
n
u
m
er
a
b
le
m
ater
ials
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ca
r
ef
u
lly
s
elec
ted
alo
n
g
with
th
e
d
id
ac
tizatio
n
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
lev
el
an
d
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
o
b
jectiv
es
b
y
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
An
o
th
er
im
p
o
r
tan
t
s
tep
is
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
a
v
o
id
an
d
o
v
er
co
m
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
r
elate
d
to
lis
ten
in
g
.
I
t
is
o
f
h
i
g
h
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
lis
ten
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
with
n
ativ
e
I
talian
s
an
d
n
o
t
ju
s
t
au
d
ito
r
y
m
ater
ials
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
u
s
e
th
eir
twin
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ities
,
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
en
ab
le
s
tu
d
en
ts
v
is
its
in
th
e
co
u
n
tr
ies
o
f
o
r
ig
i
n
o
f
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
ag
es,
an
d
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
f
o
r
eig
n
lectu
r
er
s
g
o
in
g
h
a
n
d
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.
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