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a
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Resea
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I
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Vo
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14
,
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.
1
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Feb
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20
25
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p
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.
682
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694
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SS
N:
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Authen
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M
a
la
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prima
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scho
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No
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Ra
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R
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Th
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t
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o
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u
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ted
b
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a
n
imp
o
rt
a
n
t
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e
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su
rin
g
stu
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n
ts
’
m
a
ste
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o
f
M
a
lay
lan
g
u
a
g
e
sk
il
ls,
p
a
rti
c
u
larly
o
ra
l
sk
il
ls.
As
se
ss
m
e
n
t
th
ro
u
g
h
d
irec
t
a
c
ti
v
i
ti
e
s
c
a
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ig
h
li
g
h
t
st
u
d
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ts
’
tru
e
p
o
ten
ti
a
l
a
n
d
sk
il
ls.
Th
e
re
fo
re
,
th
is
st
u
d
y
a
ims
to
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x
p
l
o
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th
e
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rm
s
o
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a
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th
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t
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c
ti
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it
ies
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r
M
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a
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ra
l
sk
i
ll
s
in
p
rima
ry
sc
h
o
o
ls
i
n
M
a
lay
sia
.
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e
stu
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y
d
e
sig
n
is
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li
tati
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si
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ro
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s.
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h
is
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y
in
v
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fi
v
e
M
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lay
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o
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p
rima
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sc
h
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l
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ted
in
fiv
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iffere
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sta
tes
in
M
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rc
h
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terv
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ly
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imp
lem
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ted
b
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M
a
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tea
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ro
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-
p
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,
st
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tell
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,
stim
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s
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teria
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q
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terv
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rim
a
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e
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’
M
a
lay
la
n
g
u
a
g
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o
ra
l
sk
il
ls.
Au
t
h
e
n
ti
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ss
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m
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f
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n
d
re
a
li
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c
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b
se
rv
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n
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stu
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ts'
lan
g
u
a
g
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
s
k
il
ls.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
A
u
th
en
tic
ass
ess
m
en
t
F
o
r
m
s
o
f
ac
tiv
ities
Ma
lay
lan
g
u
ag
e
O
r
al
s
k
ills
P
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
W
an
Mu
n
a
R
u
za
n
n
a
W
an
Mo
h
am
m
ad
Facu
lty
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
U
n
iv
e
r
s
iti Ke
b
an
g
s
aa
n
Ma
lay
s
ia
L
in
g
k
u
n
g
an
I
lm
u
,
4
3
6
0
0
B
an
g
i,
Selan
g
o
r
,
Ma
lay
s
ia
E
m
ail:
m
u
n
ar
u
za
n
n
a@
u
k
m
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Or
al
s
k
ills
r
ef
er
to
an
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
’
s
ab
ilit
y
to
lis
ten
,
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
,
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
icate
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
p
ea
k
in
g
.
T
h
ese
s
k
ills
in
v
o
lv
e
s
ev
er
al
k
e
y
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
th
e
a
b
ilit
y
to
lis
ten
atten
tiv
ely
,
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
d
co
n
v
ey
e
d
m
ess
ag
es,
ar
ticu
late
th
o
u
g
h
ts
clea
r
ly
,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
d
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
an
d
ac
cu
r
at
ely
to
q
u
esti
o
n
s
o
r
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
s
[
1
]
.
I
n
d
ee
d
,
t
h
er
e
is
a
n
ee
d
to
en
h
a
n
ce
o
r
al
s
k
i
lls
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ese
s
k
ills
ar
e
ess
en
tial
a
s
a
to
o
l
f
o
r
lear
n
in
g
a
n
d
ac
q
u
ir
i
n
g
o
th
er
s
k
ills
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
2
]
.
Or
al
s
k
ills
ar
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
k
ills
b
etwe
en
in
d
iv
id
u
als
u
s
in
g
lan
g
u
ag
e
[
3
]
.
So
,
o
r
al
s
k
ills
ar
e
l
an
g
u
ag
e
s
k
ills
th
at
all
s
tu
d
en
t
s
n
ee
d
to
m
aster
[
1
]
.
I
n
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
o
r
al
s
k
ills
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
n
o
t
o
n
ly
f
r
o
m
th
e
te
ac
h
in
g
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
b
u
t
also
f
r
o
m
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
teac
h
er
s
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
.
I
n
lin
e
with
th
e
n
atio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ass
es
s
m
en
t
h
as
r
ep
lace
d
test
-
b
ased
ev
alu
atio
n
.
Pre
v
i
o
u
s
ly
,
ass
es
s
m
en
t
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
i
n
s
ch
o
o
ls
f
o
cu
s
ed
m
o
r
e
o
n
g
r
a
d
in
g
a
n
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
ex
ce
llen
ce
in
ex
am
i
n
atio
n
s
r
a
th
er
th
an
th
e
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
m
aster
y
o
f
lear
n
i
n
g
o
b
jectiv
es.
T
h
e
in
ter
im
s
tr
ateg
ic
p
lan
2
0
1
1
-
2
0
2
0
an
d
t
h
e
Ma
lay
s
ian
ed
u
ca
tio
n
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
p
lan
2
0
1
3
-
2
0
2
5
also
em
p
h
asize
th
at
th
is
tr
an
s
itio
n
in
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
aim
s
to
m
ak
e
it
m
o
r
e
f
lex
i
b
le
an
d
h
o
lis
tic
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
t d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
[
4
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
A
u
th
en
tic
a
s
s
ess
men
t a
ctivitie
s
fo
r
o
r
a
l
M
a
la
y
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
kills
in
p
r
ima
r
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
(
N
o
r
liz
a
R
a
mla
n
)
683
C
las
s
r
o
o
m
ass
ess
m
en
t
h
as
o
f
f
e
r
ed
a
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ev
alu
atio
n
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
s
tu
d
en
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
I
n
class
r
o
o
m
as
s
ess
m
en
t
,
v
ar
io
u
s
alter
n
ativ
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
to
r
e
p
lace
p
en
cil
-
an
d
-
p
ap
er
test
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
au
th
e
n
tic
ass
ess
m
en
t.
Au
th
en
tic
ass
ess
m
en
t
is
ta
s
k
-
b
ased
ass
ess
m
en
t
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
d
u
r
in
g
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
s
ess
io
n
s
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
.
A
u
th
en
tic
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
en
ab
les
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
to
r
ea
l
life
s
itu
atio
n
s
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
I
t
in
v
o
l
v
es
p
r
ac
t
ical
o
r
“
h
an
d
s
-
on
”
task
s
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
t
o
ap
p
ly
v
ar
i
o
u
s
s
k
ills
to
co
m
p
lete
th
e
task
s
.
Au
th
en
tic
ass
es
s
m
en
t
g
ath
er
s
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
ab
ilit
ies,
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
n
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
teac
h
in
g
b
y
th
e
tea
ch
er
.
T
h
is
ass
ess
m
en
t
is
f
u
lly
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
teac
h
e
r
s
,
wh
o
ar
e
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
id
en
tify
in
g
ea
c
h
s
tu
d
en
t'
s
ab
ilit
ies,
m
aster
y
,
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
an
d
ac
h
iev
em
en
ts
,
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
in
m
a
s
ter
in
g
o
r
al
s
k
ills
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
ed
to
a
d
d
r
ess
is
s
u
es
r
elate
d
to
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
au
t
h
en
tic
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
Ma
lay
lan
g
u
ag
e
o
r
al
s
k
ills
in
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
Ma
lay
s
ia.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
W
elsh
an
d
E
llio
tt
[
7
]
,
an
ex
ce
lle
n
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
is
ev
alu
ated
b
ased
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
i
n
g
s
u
cc
ess
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
Ma
lay
s
ian
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
asp
ir
es
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
s
o
th
at
th
e
n
atio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
is
am
o
n
g
th
e
to
p
o
n
e
-
th
ir
d
in
th
e
wo
r
ld
.
Ho
wev
er
,
ac
h
iev
i
n
g
th
is
g
o
al
is
n
o
t
ea
s
y
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
ass
ess
m
en
t
im
p
lem
en
t
atio
n
,
is
a
k
e
y
elem
en
t
i
n
d
eter
m
in
in
g
s
tu
d
e
n
t
ac
h
iev
em
en
t a
n
d
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
th
e
n
atio
n
al
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
Or
al
s
k
ills
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
an
d
less
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
to
b
e
lear
n
e
d
d
ir
ec
tly
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
r
ea
d
in
g
an
d
wr
itin
g
s
k
ills
,
ca
u
s
in
g
teac
h
er
s
to
n
eg
lect
th
e
teac
h
in
g
o
f
o
r
al
s
k
ills
in
th
e
clas
s
r
o
o
m
.
Ho
wev
er
,
in
C
o
lo
g
n
esi
et
a
l.
r
ep
o
r
t
[
8
]
,
it
is
s
tated
th
at
m
aster
in
g
o
r
al
s
k
ills
is
ea
s
ier
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
wr
iti
n
g
s
k
ills
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
f
ac
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lties
in
p
r
e
p
ar
in
g
li
s
ten
in
g
an
d
s
p
ea
k
in
g
ac
tiv
itie
s
f
o
r
teac
h
in
g
o
r
al
s
k
ills
.
Ad
d
i
tio
n
ally
,
lin
ea
r
an
d
one
-
way
teac
h
in
g
also
m
ak
es
it
d
if
f
icu
lt
f
o
r
teac
h
er
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
y
s
tem
atic,
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
,
an
d
en
g
ag
i
n
g
lis
ten
in
g
an
d
s
p
ea
k
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
is
s
itu
atio
n
lead
s
to
th
e
m
aster
y
lev
el
o
f
o
r
al
s
k
ills
o
f
ten
b
ei
n
g
q
u
esti
o
n
e
d
an
d
r
ar
ely
ass
ess
ed
b
y
teac
h
er
s
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Ad
ie
et
a
l.
[
9
]
m
en
tio
n
ed
th
at
cr
it
ical
ch
an
g
es a
r
e
n
ee
d
ed
i
n
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t c
u
ltu
r
e
at
s
ch
o
o
ls
to
m
ain
tain
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
C
las
s
r
o
o
m
ass
ess
m
en
t,
wh
ich
r
ep
lace
d
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
test
,
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
to
g
ain
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
an
d
s
k
ills
in
t
h
e
s
u
b
ject
s
s
tu
d
ied
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
teac
h
er
s
f
ac
e
d
if
f
icu
lties
i
n
ad
m
in
is
ter
in
g
o
r
al
s
k
ill
ass
es
s
m
en
ts
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
la
n
g
u
ag
e
s
k
ills
.
S
o
m
e
teac
h
er
s
ar
e
less
awa
r
e
o
f
co
n
d
u
ctin
g
ass
ess
m
en
t
ac
tiv
ities
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
to
t
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
lev
els.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
class
r
o
o
m
ass
ess
m
en
t
p
r
ac
tices
ar
e
s
aid
to
s
till
b
e
o
u
td
ated
[
1
0
]
.
Su
k
m
a
et
a
l.
[
1
1
]
also
s
tated
th
at
th
e
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
o
r
al
s
k
ills
h
as
n
o
t
y
et
r
ea
ch
ed
o
p
tim
al
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
b
y
teac
h
er
s
.
T
h
is
was
al
s
o
r
ep
o
r
ted
by
Pu
tr
i
et
a
l.
[
1
2
]
,
wh
ich
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
t
h
r
ee
f
ac
t
o
r
s
h
in
d
er
in
g
th
e
f
u
ll
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
au
t
h
en
tic
ass
ess
m
en
t
ar
e
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
tim
e,
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
s
,
an
d
th
e
teac
h
in
g
aid
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
teac
h
er
s
ar
e
en
co
u
r
ag
ed
to
d
i
v
er
s
if
y
ass
es
s
m
en
t
f
o
r
m
s
to
e
v
alu
ate
s
tu
d
en
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ately
.
I
n
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
a
u
th
en
tic
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
Ma
lay
lan
g
u
ag
e
o
r
a
l
s
k
ills
in
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
b
y
ex
am
in
in
g
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
au
th
en
tic
ass
es
s
m
en
t
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
e
r
e
ality
is
th
at
th
is
is
aim
e
d
at
m
ak
in
g
a
u
th
en
tic
ass
es
s
m
en
t
an
alter
n
ativ
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
p
r
ef
er
r
e
d
b
y
teac
h
e
r
s
to
ev
alu
ate
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
lan
g
u
ag
e
s
k
ills
,
th
er
eb
y
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
teac
h
in
g
an
d
en
h
a
n
cin
g
s
tu
d
e
n
t le
ar
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es in
Ma
lay
la
n
g
u
ag
e
o
r
al
s
k
ills
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
ac
tiv
ities
f
o
r
au
th
en
tic
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
o
r
al
Ma
lay
lan
g
u
ag
e
s
k
ills
in
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
b
y
th
e
en
d
o
f
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
,
we
ca
n
id
en
tify
s
ev
er
al
au
th
e
n
tic
ac
t
iv
ities
th
at
ca
n
b
e
im
p
le
m
en
ted
to
ass
ess
th
e
o
r
al
Ma
lay
lan
g
u
a
g
e
s
k
ills
o
f
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
s
p
ec
if
ica
lly
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
o
n
e
r
esear
ch
o
b
jectiv
e,
wh
ich
is
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
au
th
en
tic
ass
es
s
m
en
t
ac
ti
v
ities
f
o
r
Ma
lay
lan
g
u
ag
e
o
r
a
l
s
k
ills
in
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
R
esear
ch
r
elate
d
to
ass
ess
m
en
t
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
wid
ely
c
o
n
d
u
cted
b
y
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
er
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
au
th
e
n
tic
ass
es
s
m
en
t
ar
e
s
till
lim
ited
in
Ma
lay
s
ia,
esp
ec
ially
in
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
Ma
la
y
lan
g
u
ag
e,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
f
o
r
o
r
a
l
s
k
ills
.
Au
th
en
tic
ass
es
s
m
en
t
is
an
alter
n
ativ
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
u
s
ed
to
in
ter
p
r
et
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
.
S
ev
e
r
al
s
tu
d
ies
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
r
e
p
o
r
ted
th
at
a
u
th
en
tic
ass
ess
m
en
t
is
th
e
b
est
ty
p
e
o
f
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
b
e
ap
p
l
ied
in
e
v
alu
atin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
lan
g
u
ag
e
s
k
ills
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
ey
also
a
d
d
ed
th
at
au
th
en
tic
ass
ess
m
en
t
ca
n
ev
al
u
ate
th
e
e
n
tire
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
n
o
t
ju
s
t
test
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
k
n
o
wl
ed
g
e
at
t
h
e
en
d
o
f
th
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
ess
.
Mo
h
am
ed
a
n
d
L
eb
ar
[
1
5
]
also
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
i
ew
ar
ticle
s
h
o
win
g
th
at
au
th
en
tic
ass
ess
m
en
t h
as g
o
o
d
p
o
ten
tial in
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
h
i
g
h
er
-
o
r
d
er
t
h
in
k
in
g
s
k
ills
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Sev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
to
ex
am
i
n
e
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
au
th
en
tic
ass
ess
m
en
t,
s
u
ch
as th
e
s
tu
d
y
by
Sek
ar
s
ar
i
et
a
l.
[
1
6
]
,
wh
i
ch
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
n
au
th
e
n
tic
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
s
p
ea
k
i
n
g
s
k
ills
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
o
u
tlin
es
s
ix
ac
tiv
ities
,
in
clu
d
in
g
r
o
le
-
p
lay
i
n
g
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
g
ap
s
,
p
ictu
r
e
talk
s
,
s
h
o
r
t
Q&
A
s
es
s
io
n
s
,
s
to
r
y
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
,
an
d
p
air
ed
d
ialo
g
u
es
f
o
r
au
th
e
n
tic
s
p
ea
k
in
g
s
k
ills
ass
es
s
m
en
t.
Similar
f
in
d
in
g
s
wer
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
b
y
Z
aim
et
a
l.
[
1
7
]
,
as
well
as
Ulh
asan
ah
et
a
l.
[
1
8
]
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
wed
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
ty
p
es
o
f
au
th
en
tic
ass
es
s
m
en
ts
s
u
ch
as sh
o
r
t Q
&
A
s
ess
io
n
s
,
p
air
ed
d
ialo
g
u
es,
o
r
al
r
ep
o
r
ts
,
an
d
s
to
r
y
tellin
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
682
-
694
684
A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
o
t
h
e
r
s
t
u
d
i
e
s
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
t
h
o
s
e
by
I
n
a
y
a
h
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
9
]
,
h
a
v
e
l
i
s
t
e
d
a
c
t
i
v
it
i
es
s
u
c
h
a
s
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
o
b
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
,
i
n
t
e
r
v
i
e
ws
,
s
h
o
r
t
Q
&
A
s
es
s
i
o
n
s
,
a
n
d
s
t
o
r
y
te
l
l
i
n
g
s
e
q
u
e
n
c
es
t
o
as
s
ess
s
p
e
a
k
i
n
g
s
k
i
l
l
s
.
P
u
r
n
a
wa
r
m
a
n
a
n
d
D
a
r
a
j
a
ti
[
2
0
]
a
l
s
o
m
e
n
ti
o
n
e
d
a
c
t
i
v
i
ti
es
s
u
c
h
as
v
i
d
e
o
s
c
r
e
e
n
i
n
g
s
,
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
at
i
o
n
s
,
a
t
t
it
u
d
e
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
ts
,
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
v
i
e
ws
as
e
f
f
e
c
ti
v
e
a
u
t
h
e
n
t
i
c
as
s
ess
m
e
n
t
a
c
ti
v
i
ti
e
s
.
M
o
r
e
o
v
e
r
,
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
b
y
R
a
h
m
awa
t
i
[
2
1
]
s
t
at
e
d
t
h
a
t
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
u
s
e
o
b
s
e
r
v
at
i
o
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
t
e
a
c
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
,
w
r
i
t
t
e
n
ass
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s
,
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
ts
,
p
e
e
r
a
s
s
es
s
m
e
n
t
s
,
a
n
d
o
p
e
n
i
n
t
e
r
v
i
e
w
s
t
o
a
s
s
es
s
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
n
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
p
e
a
k
i
n
g
s
k
i
l
ls
.
Ho
wev
er
,
s
ev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
h
a
v
e
r
ep
o
r
ted
p
r
o
b
lem
s
f
ac
ed
b
y
teac
h
e
r
s
in
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
au
th
en
tic
ass
es
s
m
en
t.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
b
y
R
ah
m
awa
ti
[
2
1
]
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
th
e
im
p
lem
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
au
th
e
n
tic
ass
es
s
m
en
t
in
lan
g
u
ag
e
lea
r
n
in
g
d
o
es
n
o
t
f
o
llo
w
th
e
less
o
n
p
lan
b
u
t
is
o
n
ly
ad
a
p
ted
to
t
h
e
class
r
o
o
m
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Sek
ar
s
ar
i
et
a
l.
[
1
6
]
also
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
au
th
e
n
tic
ass
es
s
m
en
t f
o
r
s
p
ea
k
in
g
s
k
ills
d
o
es n
o
t f
u
lly
m
ee
t
th
e
n
ee
d
s
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
lev
e
ls
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
is
i
s
s
u
e
i
s
al
s
o
s
ee
n
in
th
e
lack
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
s
tu
d
y
b
y
Aziz
et
a
l.
[
2
2
]
,
wh
ich
r
e
p
o
r
ted
c
h
allen
g
es
d
u
e
to
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
clea
r
g
u
id
elin
es
f
o
r
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
a
u
th
en
tic
E
n
g
li
s
h
lan
g
u
ag
e
ass
ess
m
en
t.
Similar
f
in
d
in
g
s
wer
e
r
e
p
o
r
ted
b
y
Z
aim
et
a
l.
[
2
3
]
,
wh
o
m
en
tio
n
ed
co
m
m
u
n
icat
i
o
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
ass
es
s
m
en
t
f
o
r
m
s
,
an
d
ass
es
s
m
en
t
to
p
ics
as
m
ajo
r
o
b
s
tacle
s
f
o
r
teac
h
er
s
in
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
au
th
en
tic
o
r
al
s
k
ills
ass
es
s
m
en
t.
B
ased
o
n
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies,
it
is
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
r
esear
ch
r
elate
d
to
ass
ess
m
en
t
an
d
e
v
alu
atio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
wid
ely
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
er
s
,
esp
ec
ially
in
th
e
asp
ec
ts
o
f
teac
h
er
s
'
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
an
d
p
r
ac
tices.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
au
th
en
tic
ass
ess
m
en
t
f
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
Ma
lay
lan
g
u
a
g
e
o
r
a
l
s
k
ills
in
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
Ma
lay
s
ia
h
as
n
o
t
y
et
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cte
d
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
to
h
elp
teac
h
er
s
id
en
tify
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
d
e
f
f
icien
t a
u
th
en
tic
ass
ess
m
en
t a
ct
iv
ities
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
i
n
g
a
q
u
alitativ
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
a
n
d
s
elec
ted
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
m
eth
o
d
in
v
o
lv
i
n
g
o
n
e
ca
s
e
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
lo
c
atio
n
s
.
I
n
lin
e
with
th
e
s
ele
ctio
n
o
f
th
is
q
u
alitativ
e
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
d
esig
n
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
u
s
ed
in
ter
v
iews
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
m
eth
o
d
,
wh
ile
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
an
d
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
an
aly
s
is
s
er
v
ed
as
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
l
o
ca
tio
n
s
in
clu
d
ed
f
iv
e
s
elec
ted
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
f
r
o
m
f
iv
e
s
tates
in
Ma
lay
s
ia,
n
am
ely
Sar
awa
k
,
Per
ak
,
Kela
n
tan
,
Me
la
k
a,
an
d
Selan
g
o
r
.
E
ac
h
s
tate
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
zo
n
e
in
Ma
lay
s
ia.
T
h
is
q
u
alitativ
e
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
an
d
s
elec
ted
f
iv
e
Ma
lay
lan
g
u
ag
e
teac
h
er
s
f
r
o
m
f
iv
e
s
ch
o
o
ls
as
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
ar
e
Ma
lay
lan
g
u
ag
e
teac
h
er
s
wh
o
ar
e
ac
tiv
ely
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
a
u
th
en
ti
c
ass
ess
m
en
t.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
u
s
ed
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
wer
e
i
n
ter
v
iew
p
r
o
to
co
ls
,
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
c
h
ec
k
lis
ts
,
an
d
d
o
cu
m
en
t
a
n
aly
s
is
ch
ec
k
lis
ts
.
All
d
ata
o
b
tain
ed
u
s
in
g
th
ese
th
r
ee
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
ts
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
Nv
i
v
o
1
4
s
o
f
twar
e
.
T
h
e
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
was
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
ex
am
in
in
g
t
h
e
d
ata
in
d
etail
to
id
en
tif
y
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
th
em
es,
an
d
s
u
b
-
th
em
es th
at
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
ac
tu
al
p
h
en
o
m
en
a
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
4
.
1
.
B
a
c
k
g
ro
un
d o
f
s
t
ud
y
pa
rt
icipa
nts
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
r
is
ed
ten
in
d
iv
id
u
als
s
elec
te
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
[
2
4
]
to
o
b
tain
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
s
elec
ted
b
ased
o
n
p
r
ed
eter
m
i
n
ed
cr
iter
ia
to
m
ee
t
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
Ma
lay
lan
g
u
ag
e
teac
h
e
r
s
wh
o
teac
h
i
n
f
iv
e
s
elec
ted
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
s
.
T
h
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
is
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
a
b
l
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
p
r
o
f
i
l
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
iv
e
s
tu
d
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
s
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
o
f
f
o
u
r
f
e
m
a
l
e
t
e
ac
h
e
r
s
a
n
d
o
n
e
m
a
l
e
te
a
c
h
e
r
,
a
g
e
d
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
3
8
a
n
d
53
y
e
a
r
s
.
A
ll
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
ts
h
a
v
e
a
B
ac
h
elo
r
'
s
d
eg
r
ee
,
an
d
o
n
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
h
o
ld
s
a
Ma
s
ter
'
s
d
e
g
r
ee
as
th
eir
h
ig
h
est
ac
ad
em
i
c
q
u
alif
icatio
n
.
A
l
l
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
ar
e
Ma
lay
lan
g
u
ag
e
o
p
tio
n
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
.
A
d
d
it
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
a
ll
p
a
r
ti
c
i
p
a
n
ts
h
a
v
e
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
1
0
y
e
a
r
s
o
f
teac
h
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
th
an
f
i
v
e
y
e
a
r
s
o
f
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
te
a
c
h
i
n
g
M
a
l
a
y
lan
g
u
ag
e
.
T
h
i
s
d
i
v
e
r
s
e
b
a
c
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
en
r
ich
es th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
d
etail
ed
in
ac
h
iev
i
n
g
th
e
r
esear
ch
o
b
jectiv
es
.
T
ab
le
1
.
B
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
s
tu
d
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
P
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
s
S
t
a
t
e
S
c
h
o
o
l
G
e
n
d
e
r
A
g
e
(
y
e
a
r
s)
A
c
a
d
e
mi
c
q
u
a
l
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
M
a
j
o
r
Te
a
c
h
i
n
g
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
(
Y
e
a
r
s)
G
B
M
1
S
a
r
a
w
a
k
S
R
1
L
53
B
a
c
h
e
l
o
r
’
s
d
e
g
r
e
e
M
a
l
a
y
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
30
G
B
M
2
P
e
r
a
k
S
R
2
P
38
B
a
c
h
e
l
o
r
’
s
d
e
g
r
e
e
M
a
l
a
y
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
13
G
B
M
3
K
e
l
a
n
t
a
n
S
R
3
P
44
B
a
c
h
e
l
o
r
’
s
d
e
g
r
e
e
M
a
l
a
y
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
23
G
B
M
4
M
e
l
a
k
a
S
R
4
P
51
M
a
s
t
e
r
’
s
d
e
g
r
e
e
M
a
l
a
y
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
23
G
B
M
5
S
e
l
a
n
g
o
r
S
R
5
P
42
B
a
c
h
e
l
o
r
’
s
d
e
g
r
e
e
M
a
l
a
y
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
15
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
A
u
th
en
tic
a
s
s
ess
men
t a
ctivitie
s
fo
r
o
r
a
l
M
a
la
y
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
kills
in
p
r
ima
r
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
(
N
o
r
liz
a
R
a
mla
n
)
685
4
.2
.
F
o
rm
s
o
f
a
uthent
ic
a
s
s
ess
m
ent
a
ct
iv
it
ies
I
n
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
o
r
al
s
k
ills
ass
es
s
m
en
t,
s
ev
er
al
ty
p
es
o
f
ac
tiv
ities
ca
n
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
b
jectiv
es
ar
e
ac
h
iev
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
ir
ec
t
an
d
r
ea
lis
tic
ac
tiv
itie
s
.
T
h
ese
ac
tiv
ity
-
b
ased
ass
es
s
m
en
ts
ca
n
d
ir
ec
tly
i
n
v
o
lv
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
ev
al
u
ate
th
eir
m
aster
y
,
p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
in
o
r
al
s
k
ills
,
in
a
r
e
alis
tic
an
d
h
o
lis
tic
m
an
n
er
.
T
h
e
d
ata
co
llected
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
th
r
ee
d
ata
co
llecti
o
n
m
eth
o
d
s
wer
e
a
n
aly
ze
d
a
n
d
id
e
n
tifie
d
s
ev
en
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
a
u
th
en
tic
ass
ess
m
en
t
ac
tiv
ities
f
o
r
o
r
al
s
k
ills
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
Ma
lay
lan
g
u
ag
e
te
ac
h
er
s
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
2
.
E
ac
h
f
o
r
m
o
f
au
th
en
ti
c
ass
es
s
m
en
t a
ctiv
ity
is
d
etailed
m
o
r
e
clea
r
ly
.
T
ab
le
2
.
L
is
t o
f
ca
te
g
o
r
ies,
th
e
m
es,
an
d
s
u
b
th
e
m
es
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
Th
e
m
e
S
u
b
t
h
e
me
F
o
r
ms
o
f
a
u
t
h
e
n
t
i
c
a
ssessm
e
n
t
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
a.
R
o
l
e
-
p
l
a
y
i
n
g
-
S
p
o
n
t
a
n
e
o
u
s
r
o
l
e
-
p
l
a
y
i
n
g
-
P
l
a
n
n
e
d
r
o
l
e
-
p
l
a
y
i
n
g
b.
S
t
o
r
y
t
e
l
l
i
n
g
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S
p
o
n
t
a
n
e
o
u
s
st
o
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y
t
e
l
l
i
n
g
-
P
l
a
n
n
e
d
st
o
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y
t
e
l
l
i
n
g
-
R
e
t
e
l
l
i
n
g
a
st
o
r
y
c.
S
t
i
m
u
l
u
s m
a
t
e
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a
l
s
-
U
se
o
f
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
-
S
p
e
a
k
i
n
g
a
b
o
u
t
p
i
c
t
u
r
e
s
d.
Q
u
e
st
i
o
n
a
n
d
A
n
sw
e
r
-
O
p
e
n
-
e
n
d
e
d
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
s
-
Th
e
me
-
b
a
se
d
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
s
e.
Ed
u
t
a
i
n
me
n
t
-
S
i
n
g
i
n
g
-
P
o
e
t
r
y
r
e
c
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
f.
P
r
e
sen
t
a
t
i
o
n
-
D
i
sc
u
ss a
n
d
p
r
e
se
n
t
g.
La
n
g
u
a
g
e
g
a
mes
-
G
r
o
u
p
-
b
a
se
d
g
a
m
e
s
-
M
o
v
e
me
n
t
-
b
a
s
e
d
g
a
mes
-
C
o
m
p
e
t
i
t
i
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
g
a
m
e
s
4
.
2
.
1
.
Ro
le
-
pla
y
ing
R
o
le
-
p
lay
in
g
,
o
r
in
o
th
e
r
wo
r
d
s
,
s
im
u
latio
n
,
is
an
ac
tiv
ity
wh
er
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
tak
e
o
n
a
r
o
le
to
e
n
ac
t.
T
h
is
p
r
ac
tical
ac
tiv
ity
i
s
co
n
d
u
cted
d
ir
ec
tly
b
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
d
u
r
in
g
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
s
ess
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
ac
tiv
ity
ca
n
b
e
d
iv
id
e
d
in
to
two
ty
p
es:
s
p
o
n
tan
eo
u
s
r
o
le
-
p
lay
in
g
an
d
p
lan
n
ed
r
o
le
-
p
lay
i
n
g
.
B
o
th
o
f
th
ese
s
u
b
-
th
em
es
ar
e
ex
p
lain
ed
an
d
d
etailed
in
d
i
v
id
u
ally
to
b
etter
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
a
.
Sp
o
nta
neo
us
ro
le
-
pla
y
ing
Sp
o
n
tan
eo
u
s
r
o
le
-
p
lay
i
n
g
r
e
f
e
r
s
to
ac
tin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
s
p
o
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
ly
,
d
r
iv
en
b
y
o
n
e'
s
o
wn
em
o
tio
n
s
an
d
with
o
u
t
co
er
cio
n
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
GB
M1
,
GB
M2
,
GB
M3
,
an
d
GB
M4
s
tated
th
at
s
p
o
n
tan
eo
u
s
r
o
le
-
p
la
y
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
in
v
o
lv
e
ass
ig
n
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
a
s
itu
atio
n
o
r
ch
ar
ac
t
er
to
en
ac
t
s
p
o
n
tan
e
o
u
s
ly
in
f
r
o
n
t
o
f
th
e
class
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
n
o
t
ed
th
at
s
p
o
n
tan
e
o
u
s
r
o
le
-
p
lay
in
g
ca
n
also
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
as
a
g
am
e,
wh
er
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
ac
t o
u
t a
ch
ar
ac
te
r
an
d
o
th
er
s
g
u
ess
th
e
r
o
le
b
ein
g
p
o
r
tr
ay
ed
.
“
U
s
u
a
l
ly
,
I
g
i
v
e
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
a
d
i
a
lo
g
u
e
t
e
x
t
t
o
e
n
a
c
t
,
o
r
I
g
i
v
e
t
h
e
m
a
s
i
t
u
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
a
c
t
o
u
t
s
p
o
n
t
a
n
e
o
u
s
l
y
.
F
o
r
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
,
if
w
e
g
iv
e
t
h
em
a
p
r
o
v
er
b
c
a
r
d
,
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
a
r
e
a
s
k
e
d
t
o
e
n
a
c
t
t
h
e
m
e
a
n
i
n
g
o
f
t
h
a
t
p
r
o
v
e
r
b
.
S
o
m
e
ti
m
es
,
w
e
c
a
n
a
s
k
t
h
e
m
t
o
d
o
a
g
estu
r
e
a
n
d
h
a
v
e
t
h
e
i
r
p
e
e
r
s
g
u
e
s
s
w
h
a
t
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
a
c
t
i
n
g
o
u
t
.
”
(
T
B
/G
B
M3
:3
1
5
-
3
2
1
)
T
h
is
asp
ec
t is cle
ar
ly
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
b
y
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
m
a
d
e
b
y
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
at
th
e
s
tu
d
y
lo
ca
tio
n
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
te:
GB
M1
s
creen
ed
a
vid
e
o
in
fr
o
n
t
o
f
th
e
cla
s
s
fo
r
s
tu
d
en
t
viewin
g
.
S
tu
d
en
ts
en
g
a
g
e
d
in
a
Q&
A
s
ess
io
n
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
vid
eo
.
S
tu
d
en
ts
w
ere
th
en
a
s
ke
d
to
r
ee
n
a
ct
th
e
ch
a
r
a
cter
th
ey
w
a
tch
ed
in
t
h
e
vid
e
o
.
S
t
u
d
en
ts
mimick
ed
a
n
d
r
ee
n
a
cted
t
h
e
d
ia
lo
g
u
e
s
p
o
ke
n
b
y
t
h
e
c
h
a
r
a
cter
.
(
P3
/SR
1
/GB
M1
)
E
x
ce
r
p
ts
f
r
o
m
in
ter
v
iews
an
d
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
tes
f
o
r
th
is
f
in
d
in
g
ar
e
also
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
d
o
cu
m
en
t
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
ese
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
tes,
d
o
c
u
m
en
t
an
aly
s
is
f
o
r
ea
ch
less
o
n
p
lan
r
elate
d
to
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
s
ess
io
n
s
in
d
ee
d
r
ec
o
r
d
s
s
p
o
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
r
o
le
-
p
lay
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
co
n
d
u
cte
d
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le
,
AD/R
P
H9
/GB
M2
r
ec
o
r
d
s
“
S
tu
d
en
ts
s
imu
la
tin
g
u
s
in
g
a
n
o
ve
n
”
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
a
ctiv
ity
,
s
er
v
in
g
a
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
ev
id
e
n
ce
f
o
r
th
is
f
i
n
d
in
g
.
b.
P
la
nn
ed
ro
le
-
pla
y
ing
T
y
p
i
c
a
l
l
y
,
p
l
a
n
n
e
d
r
o
le
-
p
l
a
y
i
n
g
a
c
t
i
v
it
i
es
a
r
e
k
n
o
w
n
t
o
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
i
n
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
b
e
f
o
r
e
t
h
e
y
a
r
e
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
.
A
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
ts
GB
M
1
,
G
B
M
2
,
GB
M
4
,
a
n
d
GB
M
5
,
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
e
p
l
a
n
n
e
d
r
o
l
e
-
p
l
ay
i
n
g
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
ie
s
,
c
a
r
e
f
u
l
p
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
i
s
n
e
c
ess
a
r
y
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
p
r
e
p
a
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
ls
,
c
h
ar
a
c
t
e
r
s
,
s
c
e
n
es
,
a
n
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
b
e
f
o
r
e
h
a
n
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
682
-
694
686
A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
m
a
y
b
e
g
i
v
e
n
a
s
c
r
i
p
t
t
o
m
e
m
o
r
iz
e
f
o
r
i
n
i
t
i
al
p
r
e
p
a
r
a
t
i
o
n
b
e
f
o
r
e
t
h
e
a
c
t
u
a
l
r
o
l
e
-
p
l
a
y
i
n
g
s
e
s
s
i
o
n
t
a
k
es
p
l
a
ce
.
T
h
i
s
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
i
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
b
y
e
x
c
e
r
p
ts
f
r
o
m
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
i
n
t
e
r
v
i
e
ws
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
:
“
F
o
r
ex
a
mp
le,
fo
r
t
h
e
r
o
le
-
p
la
yin
g
a
ctivity
ea
r
lier
,
I
mig
h
t
n
ee
d
to
p
r
ep
a
r
e
ma
teri
a
ls
like
p
u
p
p
ets
,
ma
s
ks,
a
n
d
I
immed
ia
tely
a
s
s
ig
n
r
o
les
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
vo
lved
.
Th
ese
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
a
r
e
th
e
o
n
es
I
a
s
s
ess
.
On
ce
I
kn
o
w
w
h
ich
s
tu
d
en
ts
a
r
e
in
vo
lved
,
I
in
fo
r
m
th
em
ea
r
ly
s
o
th
ey
ca
n
p
r
ep
a
r
e
.
”
(
T
B
/GB
M2
:3
4
5
-
348)
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
in
P5
/SR
1
/GB
M1
an
d
P1
0
/SR
2
/GB
M
2
,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
f
o
u
n
d
to
h
av
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
p
lan
n
ed
r
o
le
-
p
la
y
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
u
s
in
g
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
aid
s
,
a
n
d
p
r
io
r
a
ctiv
ity
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
was p
r
o
v
id
ed
t
o
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
te:
GB
M2
d
r
ess
ed
a
s
a
w
a
r
r
io
r
,
p
r
o
vid
ed
r
ep
lica
s
w
o
r
d
s
,
w
o
r
d
ca
r
d
s
,
a
n
d
d
ia
lo
g
u
e
texts
to
p
erfo
r
m
th
e
Ha
n
g
Tu
a
h
a
n
d
Ha
n
g
Je
b
a
t
r
o
le
-
p
la
yin
g
a
ctivity.
Tw
o
s
elec
ted
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
o
r
tr
a
yin
g
th
e
w
a
r
r
io
r
's ro
les a
ls
o
w
o
r
e
w
a
r
r
io
r
-
lik
e
co
s
tu
mes
.
(
P
10
/SR
2
/GB
M2
)
T
h
is
d
ata
tr
ian
g
u
latio
n
is
ev
id
en
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
less
o
n
p
la
n
wr
itin
g
o
f
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
,
f
o
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
AD/R
P
H5
/GB
M
2
wh
ich
r
ec
o
r
d
s
th
e
“
Ha
n
g
Tu
a
h
a
n
d
Ha
n
g
Je
b
a
t
”
r
o
le
-
p
lay
in
g
ac
tiv
ity
th
at
was
in
d
ee
d
p
r
e
-
p
lan
n
ed
b
y
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t.
T
h
e
less
o
n
p
lan
n
o
tes
also
co
n
f
ir
m
GB
M2
'
s
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
o
f
d
ialo
g
u
e
s
cr
ip
ts
b
ef
o
r
e
h
an
d
.
4
.
2
.
2
.
Sto
ry
t
elling
Sto
r
y
tellin
g
is
an
ac
tiv
ity
o
f
n
ar
r
atin
g
a
s
to
r
y
to
o
th
e
r
s
.
Sto
r
y
tellin
g
also
s
er
v
es
as
an
au
th
en
tic
o
r
al
ac
tiv
ity
th
at
ca
n
b
e
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
to
en
co
u
r
ag
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
s
p
ea
k
an
d
in
ter
ac
t
o
r
ally
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
th
e
r
e
ar
e
s
ev
e
r
al
ty
p
es
o
f
s
to
r
y
tellin
g
ac
tiv
ities
th
at
ca
n
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
d
u
r
in
g
teac
h
in
g
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
s
ess
io
n
s
.
a
.
Sp
o
nta
neo
us
s
t
o
ry
t
elling
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
GB
M1
,
GB
M2
,
GB
M3
,
GB
M4
,
an
d
GB
M5
d
u
r
in
g
in
ter
v
iews,
s
p
o
n
tan
eo
u
s
s
to
r
y
tellin
g
is
u
s
u
ally
ass
o
ciate
d
with
s
to
r
ies
ab
o
u
t
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
ex
is
tin
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
t
h
eir
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
a
n
d
th
i
n
g
s
ar
o
u
n
d
th
em
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
n
o
ted
t
h
at
s
p
o
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
s
t
o
r
y
tellin
g
r
eq
u
ir
es
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
tell
s
to
r
ies
u
s
in
g
th
eir
o
wn
wo
r
d
s
,
th
er
eb
y
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
teac
h
er
s
in
ass
e
s
s
in
g
th
e
o
r
al
s
k
ills
m
aster
ed
b
y
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ex
ce
r
p
t f
r
o
m
p
ar
ticip
an
t in
ter
v
iews c
lear
ly
illu
s
tr
a
tes th
is
f
in
d
in
g
:
“
Wh
en
it
co
mes
to
s
to
r
ytellin
g
,
I
like
s
p
o
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
a
ctivitie
s
.
I
like
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
tell
s
to
r
i
es
u
s
in
g
th
eir
o
w
n
w
o
r
d
s
.
Th
ey
tell
s
t
o
r
ies
b
a
s
ed
o
n
w
h
a
t
th
ey
'v
e
r
ea
d
,
th
eir
ex
p
erien
ce
s
,
s
to
r
i
es
a
b
o
u
t
ev
en
ts
a
r
o
u
n
d
th
em
.
”
(
T
B
/GB
M4
:3
9
3
-
3
9
5
)
B
ased
o
n
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
m
ad
e,
s
tu
d
y
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
ask
s
t
u
d
en
ts
to
tell
s
to
r
ies
ab
o
u
t
th
eir
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
an
d
ex
is
tin
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
s
o
m
eth
in
g
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
te
p
r
o
v
i
d
es a
clea
r
p
ictu
r
e
o
f
th
is
f
in
d
i
n
g
:
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
te:
GB
M3
s
h
o
w
ed
a
p
ictu
r
e
o
f
a
citysca
p
e.
GB
M3
a
s
ke
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
n
a
r
r
a
te
th
eir
ex
p
erien
ce
o
f tra
ve
lin
g
to
th
e
ca
p
ita
l c
ity
.
(
P2
8
/SR
3
/GB
M3
)
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
is
f
in
d
in
g
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
n
o
tes
in
th
e
d
o
cu
m
en
t
AD/R
P
H1
8
/GB
M3
,
wh
i
ch
r
ec
o
r
d
s
“
S
tu
d
en
ts
n
a
r
r
a
tin
g
th
eir
ex
p
erien
ce
o
f
tr
a
ve
lin
g
to
th
e
c
a
p
ita
l
city
.
”
No
tes
in
th
e
less
o
n
p
lan
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
s
p
o
n
tan
e
o
u
s
s
to
r
y
tellin
g
ac
tiv
ities
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
s
ess
io
n
s
,
th
er
eb
y
s
er
v
i
n
g
as a
u
th
e
n
tic
ass
ess
m
en
ts
o
f
o
r
al
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
.
b.
P
la
nn
ed
s
t
o
ry
t
elling
Plan
n
ed
s
to
r
y
tellin
g
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
s
to
r
y
tellin
g
ac
tiv
ities
u
s
in
g
p
r
e
-
p
r
ep
a
r
ed
s
to
r
y
tex
ts
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
GB
M1
,
GB
M2
,
GB
M3
,
GB
M4
,
an
d
GB
M5
,
f
o
r
th
is
p
lan
n
e
d
s
to
r
y
tellin
g
a
ctiv
ity
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
with
a
s
to
r
y
tex
t
to
m
em
o
r
ize
b
ef
o
r
e
b
ein
g
ask
ed
to
n
ar
r
ate
it
in
f
r
o
n
t
o
f
th
e
c
lass
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
in
co
m
p
lete
s
to
r
y
tex
ts
ca
n
b
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
to
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
th
em
to
co
m
p
lete
t
h
e
s
to
r
y
b
ef
o
r
e
n
ar
r
atin
g
it
in
f
r
o
n
t o
f
th
e
class
.
“
I
u
s
u
a
lly
p
r
ep
a
r
e
th
e
s
to
r
y
text,
a
s
imp
le
o
n
e,
n
o
t
to
o
lo
n
g
,
a
n
d
a
s
k
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
mem
o
r
iz
e
o
r
r
ea
d
th
e
s
to
r
y
a
t
h
o
me.
Th
e
n
ex
t
d
a
y,
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
w
ill
n
a
r
r
a
te
th
e
s
to
r
y
in
fr
o
n
t
o
f
th
e
cla
s
s
.
”
(
T
B
/GB
M2
:3
8
8
-
390)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
A
u
th
en
tic
a
s
s
ess
men
t a
ctivitie
s
fo
r
o
r
a
l
M
a
la
y
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
kills
in
p
r
ima
r
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
(
N
o
r
liz
a
R
a
mla
n
)
687
T
h
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
i
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
e
d
b
y
o
b
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
n
o
t
e
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
o
n
G
B
M
3
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
s
(
P
2
8
/
S
R
3
/G
B
M
3
)
,
w
h
o
e
n
g
a
g
e
d
i
n
g
r
o
u
p
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
es
t
o
c
r
e
a
te
a
s
t
o
r
y
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
p
i
c
t
u
r
e
s
a
n
d
c
u
e
c
a
r
d
s
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
te:
Th
r
o
u
g
h
g
r
o
u
p
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
crea
ted
a
s
to
r
y
b
a
s
ed
o
n
p
r
o
vid
ed
p
ictu
r
es
a
n
d
cu
e
c
a
r
d
s
.
E
a
c
h
g
r
o
u
p
c
o
lla
b
o
r
a
ted
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
s
to
r
y
a
n
d
n
a
r
r
a
ted
it
in
fr
o
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
cla
s
s
.
(
P2
8
/SR
3
/GB
M3
)
T
h
i
s
is
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
e
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
l
e
s
s
o
n
p
l
a
n
w
r
i
t
te
n
b
y
G
B
M3
(
A
D
/
R
P
H
1
8
/G
B
M
3
)
,
w
h
i
c
h
s
t
a
te
s
“
S
t
u
d
e
n
ts
w
i
l
l
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
a
n
d
s
h
a
r
e
i
d
e
a
s
t
o
c
r
e
a
t
e
a
s
t
o
r
y
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
p
r
o
vi
d
e
d
p
i
c
t
u
r
es
a
n
d
c
u
e
c
a
r
d
s
”
i
n
t
h
e
a
ct
i
v
i
t
y
s
e
c
ti
o
n
.
c.
Ret
elling
a
s
t
o
ry
R
etellin
g
a
s
to
r
y
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ea
d
,
h
ea
r
d
,
o
r
watc
h
ed
is
a
n
ac
tiv
ity
th
at
ca
n
b
e
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
d
u
r
in
g
s
to
r
y
tellin
g
s
ess
io
n
s
.
S
tu
d
y
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
GB
M2
,
G
B
M4
,
an
d
GB
M5
in
d
icate
d
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
etell
s
to
r
ies u
s
in
g
th
eir
o
wn
wo
r
d
s
.
T
h
is
f
in
d
i
n
g
ca
n
b
e
illu
s
tr
ated
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ex
ce
r
p
t
f
r
o
m
p
ar
ticip
an
t
in
ter
v
iews:
“
I
f
I
w
a
n
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
r
etell
a
s
to
r
y
th
ey
h
ea
r
d
,
I
'll
fir
s
t
s
h
o
w
th
e
s
to
r
y
u
s
in
g
a
n
LC
D
in
fr
o
n
t
o
f
th
e
cla
s
s
.
.
.
Th
en
,
w
e
ca
n
a
s
k
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
r
etell
th
e
s
to
r
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
eir
o
w
n
w
o
r
d
s
.
”
(
T
B
/GB
M2
:3
3
8
-
343)
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
s
o
n
GB
M5
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
ask
ed
to
r
etell
th
e
s
tep
s
o
f
m
a
k
in
g
‘
k
u
ih
tep
u
n
g
p
elita
’
(
a
tr
ad
itio
n
al
M
alay
s
ian
d
ess
er
t)
th
at
h
ad
b
ee
n
n
ar
r
ated
b
y
an
o
th
er
s
tu
d
e
n
t
in
f
r
o
n
t
o
f
th
e
class
,
as n
o
ted
:
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
te:
S
tu
d
e
n
ts
w
ere
a
s
ke
d
to
r
etell
th
e
s
tep
s
o
f
ma
kin
g
‘
ku
i
h
tep
u
n
g
p
elita
’
th
a
t
h
a
d
b
ee
n
n
a
r
r
a
ted
b
y
th
eir p
ee
r
s
in
fr
o
n
t o
f th
e
cla
s
s
u
s
in
g
th
eir o
w
n
w
o
r
d
s
.
(
P2
5
/SR
5
/GB
M5
)
T
h
is
p
r
ac
tice
is
also
clea
r
ly
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
b
y
GB
M5
in
th
eir
less
o
n
p
lan
(
AD/R
PH1
5
/GB
M9
)
,
wh
ich
in
d
icate
s
th
at
r
etellin
g
ac
tiv
ities
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
i
n
“
On
e
-
t
wo
-
g
r
o
u
p
”
f
o
r
m
at,
in
itially
in
d
iv
id
u
ally
,
th
e
n
in
p
air
s
an
d
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
4
.
2
.
3
.
Stim
ulu
s
m
a
t
er
ia
ls
T
h
e
n
e
x
t
ty
p
e
o
f
ac
tiv
ity
is
o
n
e
th
at
is
g
u
id
ed
b
y
s
tim
u
lu
s
m
ater
ials
.
T
h
is
ac
tiv
ity
is
co
n
d
u
cted
o
r
ally
u
s
in
g
p
r
ep
ar
ed
m
ater
ials
,
eith
er
as
p
r
i
m
ar
y
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
m
ater
ials
d
u
r
in
g
teac
h
in
g
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
s
ess
io
n
s
.
R
esear
ch
f
in
d
in
g
s
id
en
tifie
d
s
ev
er
al
asp
ec
ts
m
en
tio
n
ed
b
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
tim
u
lu
s
m
ater
ials
,
ea
ch
elab
o
r
ated
in
d
etail.
a
.
Use o
f
v
a
rio
us
t
y
pes
o
f
ma
t
er
ia
ls
Sti
m
u
lu
s
m
ater
ials
u
s
ed
in
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
ca
n
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
f
o
r
m
s
s
u
ch
as
ex
is
tin
g
m
ater
ials
,
p
r
in
ted
m
ater
ials
,
el
ec
tr
o
n
ic
m
ater
ials
,
an
d
o
th
er
s
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
tim
u
lu
s
m
ater
ials
in
d
ee
d
s
tim
u
lates
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
in
ter
est
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
th
e
s
u
b
ject
m
atte
r
co
n
v
ey
ed
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
GB
M1
,
GB
M2
,
GB
M3
,
GB
M4
,
an
d
GB
M5
s
tated
th
at
ea
s
ily
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
s
tim
u
lu
s
m
a
ter
ials
,
p
h
y
s
ical
m
ater
ials
,
g
r
a
p
h
ic
m
ater
ials
,
an
d
o
th
er
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
t
o
s
tim
u
late
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
th
in
k
in
g
r
elate
d
t
o
th
e
th
em
e
an
d
c
o
n
ten
t
o
f
th
e
less
o
n
.
“
A
n
y
ma
teri
a
ls
like
p
h
ysica
l
ma
teri
a
ls
,
g
r
a
p
h
ic
ma
teri
a
ls
like
p
ictu
r
es,
a
u
d
io
,
vid
eo
.
Th
ese
ma
teri
a
ls
I
w
ill
u
s
e
to
s
timu
la
te
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
th
in
kin
g
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
th
eme
o
n
th
a
t
d
a
y
.
”
(
T
B
/GB
M5
:4
5
2
-
455)
T
h
is
is
also
ev
id
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tim
u
lu
s
m
ater
ials
u
s
ed
b
y
p
ar
t
icip
an
ts
d
u
r
in
g
th
ese
ac
tiv
ities
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
te
P9
/SR
2
/G
B
M2
clea
r
ly
illu
s
tr
ates th
is
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
in
g
:
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
te:
GB
M2
d
r
e
s
s
ed
a
s
a
w
a
r
r
io
r
.
GB
M2
u
s
e
d
tea
ch
in
g
a
id
s
s
u
ch
a
s
r
ep
lica
ke
r
is
,
w
o
r
d
ca
r
d
s
,
p
ictu
r
es,
a
n
d
d
ia
l
o
g
u
e
texts
.
(
P9
/SR
2
/GB
M2
)
Data
tr
ian
g
u
latio
n
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
p
r
ep
ar
ed
.
An
al
y
s
is
o
f
all
less
o
n
p
lan
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
i
n
clu
d
es
n
o
tes o
n
teac
h
in
g
aid
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
teac
h
in
g
s
ess
io
n
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
.
T
h
ese
m
ater
ials
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
v
a
r
io
u
s
ty
p
es,
as
n
o
ted
in
d
o
cu
m
en
t
AD/R
PH1
3
/GB
M4
,
lis
tin
g
teac
h
in
g
aid
s
u
s
ed
b
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
s
u
ch
as v
id
eo
s
,
d
ialo
g
u
e
tex
ts
,
p
ictu
r
es,
an
d
A4
p
ap
er
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
682
-
694
688
b.
Sp
ea
k
ing
a
bo
ut
pict
ures
Au
th
en
tic
ac
tiv
ities
b
ased
o
n
s
tim
u
lu
s
m
ater
ials
ca
n
also
b
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
p
i
ctu
r
e
talk
ac
tiv
ity
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
GB
M1
,
GB
M2
,
GB
M3
,
GB
M4
,
an
d
GB
M5
,
t
h
e
ac
tiv
it
y
o
f
s
p
ea
k
in
g
ab
o
u
t
p
ictu
r
es
ca
n
b
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
u
s
in
g
im
ag
es
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
s
o
u
r
c
es
r
elate
d
to
th
e
th
em
e
an
d
co
n
ten
t
o
f
th
e
less
o
n
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
ad
d
ed
th
at
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
ese
p
ictu
r
es,
s
tu
d
en
ts
ca
n
ex
p
r
ess
o
p
in
io
n
s
,
id
ea
s
,
o
r
ev
en
n
ar
r
ate
ab
o
u
t
th
e
g
iv
en
im
ag
es.
“
P
ictu
r
es
r
ela
ted
to
th
e
th
eme
.
B
u
t
w
e
ca
n
va
r
y
th
e
p
ictu
r
e
s
,
fo
r
ex
a
mp
le,
p
ictu
r
es
in
th
e
fo
r
m
o
f
p
u
z
z
les,
p
ictu
r
es
in
ma
g
a
z
in
es,
n
ews
p
a
p
ers
.
S
o
,
th
ese
m
a
teri
a
ls
w
e
ca
n
b
r
in
g
to
s
ch
o
o
l
fo
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
fin
d
p
ictu
r
es a
n
d
e
xp
la
in
a
b
o
u
t th
em
.
”
(
T
B
/GB
M1
:3
5
9
-
3
6
2
)
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
a
n
d
d
o
c
u
m
en
t
a
n
aly
s
is
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
P1
6
/SR
3
/GB
M
3
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
GB
M3
u
s
ed
n
ewsp
ap
er
clip
p
in
g
s
d
u
r
in
g
a
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
s
ess
io
n
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
te:
GB
M3
s
h
o
w
ed
p
ictu
r
es
fr
o
m
n
ews
p
a
p
er
clip
p
in
g
s
t
o
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
G
B
M3
a
n
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
e
p
ictu
r
es,
a
n
d
s
elec
ted
s
tu
d
en
ts
w
e
r
e
a
s
ke
d
to
g
ive
th
eir
views
o
n
th
e
p
ictu
r
es
.
(
P1
6
/SR
3
/GB
M3
)
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
s
ess
io
n
s
w
er
e
in
d
ee
d
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
in
th
e
le
s
s
o
n
p
lan
s
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
b
y
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
ar
tici
p
an
ts
.
Do
cu
m
en
t
AD/R
PH1
0
/
GB
M3
in
d
icate
s
th
e
n
o
te
“
S
tu
d
en
ts
s
p
ea
k
a
b
o
u
t
p
ictu
r
es
”
in
th
e
ac
tiv
ity
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
less
o
n
p
lan
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
d
ata
tr
ian
g
u
latio
n
in
d
ic
ates
th
at
th
e
ac
tiv
ity
o
f
s
p
ea
k
in
g
ab
o
u
t p
ictu
r
es is
a
n
au
th
en
tic
ac
tiv
ity
c
o
n
d
u
cted
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ass
ess
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
o
r
al
s
k
ills
.
4
.
2
.
4
.
Q
ues
t
io
n a
nd
an
s
wer
An
o
th
er
f
o
r
m
o
f
au
th
en
tic
o
r
a
l
s
k
ill
ac
tiv
ity
is
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
a
n
d
an
s
wer
s
ess
io
n
.
I
n
th
e
u
s
u
a
l
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
s
ess
io
n
s
,
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
an
d
a
n
s
wer
ac
tiv
it
y
is
f
r
e
q
u
en
tly
co
n
d
u
cted
,
wh
eth
er
d
i
r
ec
tly
o
r
in
d
ir
ec
tly
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
in
d
icate
th
at
t
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
d
ee
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
s
tatem
en
ts
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
s
ev
e
r
al
asp
ec
ts
.
a
.
O
pen
-
ended ques
t
io
n
s
T
h
e
ac
tiv
ity
o
f
ask
i
n
g
o
p
en
-
e
n
d
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
s
aim
s
to
elicit
id
ea
s
,
o
p
in
i
o
n
s
,
an
d
v
iews
f
r
o
m
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
less
o
n
co
n
ten
t
b
ein
g
p
r
esen
ted
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
GB
M1
,
GB
M2
,
GB
M3
,
an
d
GB
M4
,
o
p
en
-
e
n
d
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ca
n
b
e
p
o
s
ed
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
i
n
d
u
ctio
n
p
h
ase,
d
u
r
in
g
ac
tiv
it
y
ex
ec
u
tio
n
,
o
r
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
th
e
Pd
P
s
ess
io
n
.
T
h
ese
o
p
en
-
e
n
d
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
s
en
co
u
r
ag
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
v
o
ice
th
ei
r
o
p
in
io
n
s
an
d
v
iews.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
ev
i
d
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ex
ce
r
p
t f
r
o
m
p
a
r
ticip
an
t in
ter
v
iews:
“
Th
en
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
I
a
s
k
ca
n
s
timu
la
te
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
g
ive
id
ea
s
.
S
o
,
it's
n
o
t
cl
o
s
ed
q
u
est
io
n
s
,
it
’
s
o
p
en
-
e
n
d
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
Wh
en
it
’
s
o
p
en
-
en
d
e
d
,
it
’
s
m
o
r
e
a
b
o
u
t
id
ea
s
b
lo
s
s
o
min
g
.
”
(
T
B
/GB
M1
:6
0
9
-
611)
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
tes
h
av
e
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
all
Pd
P
s
es
s
io
n
s
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
clu
d
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
a
n
d
an
s
wer
ac
tiv
ities
,
b
o
th
d
ir
ec
tly
an
d
in
d
ir
ec
tly
,
p
o
s
ed
to
th
e
s
t
u
d
en
ts
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
te:
GB
M5
a
s
ke
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ex
p
r
ess
th
eir
o
p
i
n
io
n
s
a
n
d
views
o
n
th
e
p
r
eser
va
tio
n
o
f
s
o
n
g
ke
t h
erit
a
g
e.
S
tu
d
en
ts
r
a
i
s
ed
th
eir h
a
n
d
s
to
ex
p
r
ess
th
ei
r
o
p
in
io
n
s
.
(
P
2
6
/
S
R
5
/
GB
M
5
)
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
a
n
a
ly
s
i
s
c
l
e
a
r
l
y
s
h
o
w
s
n
o
te
s
m
ad
e
b
y
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
t
GB
M
5
i
n
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
A
D
/R
PH
1
6
/
GB
M
1
0
,
d
e
t
a
il
i
n
g
o
p
e
n
-
e
n
d
e
d
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
s
p
o
s
e
d
t
o
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
P
d
P
a
ct
i
v
i
ti
e
s
.
T
h
e
n
o
t
e
i
n
t
h
e
d
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
r
e
a
d
s
,
“
F
o
l
l
o
w
-
u
p
Qu
e
s
t
i
o
n
:
W
h
y
d
o
w
e
n
e
e
d
t
o
p
r
e
s
er
v
e
t
h
e
c
u
lt
u
r
a
l
h
er
it
a
g
e
o
f
s
o
n
g
k
e
t
f
a
b
r
i
c
?
”
b.
T
hem
e
-
ba
s
ed
qu
e
s
t
io
ns
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
an
d
an
s
wer
ac
ti
v
ity
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
lear
n
in
g
th
em
es
was
also
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
b
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
GB
M2
,
GB
M3
,
GB
M4
,
an
d
GB
M5
d
u
r
in
g
th
eir
in
ter
v
iew
s
ess
io
n
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ab
o
u
t
th
e
th
em
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
p
o
s
ed
to
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
s
tim
u
late
th
ei
r
in
ter
est
in
th
e
is
s
u
es
an
d
lear
n
in
g
th
e
m
es
b
ein
g
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
“
...
ma
yb
e
w
e
ca
n
d
is
cu
s
s
w
ith
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
o
r
a
s
k
th
em
q
u
esti
o
n
s
a
b
o
u
t th
e
th
eme
w
e
a
r
e
g
o
in
g
t
o
lea
r
n
th
a
t
d
a
y.
F
o
r
ex
a
mp
le,
a
th
eme
o
n
s
a
fety,
‘
Wh
y
is
it
imp
o
r
ta
n
t
fo
r
u
s
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
o
u
r
o
w
n
s
a
fety?
’
s
o
s
tu
d
en
ts
w
ill g
ive
th
eir o
p
in
io
n
s
.
”
(
T
B
/GB
M2
:4
2
1
-
4
2
4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
A
u
th
en
tic
a
s
s
ess
men
t a
ctivitie
s
fo
r
o
r
a
l
M
a
la
y
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
kills
in
p
r
ima
r
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
(
N
o
r
liz
a
R
a
mla
n
)
689
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
s
m
ad
e
o
n
p
ar
tic
ip
an
t
GB
M3
(
P1
6
/SR
3
/GB
M
3
)
s
h
o
wed
a
q
u
esti
o
n
an
d
a
n
s
wer
s
ess
io
n
with
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
es,
lin
k
in
g
it to
th
e
Saf
ety
lear
n
in
g
th
em
e.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
te:
GB
M3
co
n
d
u
cted
a
q
u
esti
o
n
a
n
d
a
n
s
w
er
s
es
s
io
n
w
ith
s
tu
d
en
ts
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
P
d
P
th
eme
.
GB
M3
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
h
e
th
eme
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
d
a
ily
liv
es
in
th
e
s
a
fe
u
s
e
o
f
mo
b
ile
p
h
o
n
es
.
(
P1
6
/SR
3
/GB
M3
)
T
h
is
tr
ian
g
u
latio
n
o
f
d
ata
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
b
y
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
an
aly
s
is
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
d
o
cu
m
en
t
AD/R
P
H1
0
/GB
M3
,
wh
ich
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
“
Tea
c
h
er q
u
esti
o
n
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
a
b
o
u
t th
e
u
s
e
o
f m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
es
”
u
n
d
er
th
e
in
d
u
ctio
n
ac
tiv
ity
n
o
tes.
4
.
2
.
5
.
E
du
t
a
inm
ent
E
d
u
tain
m
en
t
ac
tiv
ities
em
p
h
asize
a
f
u
n
an
d
p
lan
n
e
d
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
ese
ac
t
iv
ities
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
elax
e
d
,
en
g
ag
in
g
,
en
ter
tain
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
to
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
an
d
f
o
s
ter
th
eir
in
ter
est
in
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
in
th
e
teac
h
i
n
g
an
d
lea
r
n
in
g
s
ess
io
n
s
.
I
n
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
ed
u
tai
n
m
en
t
ac
tiv
ities
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
m
en
tio
n
ed
s
ev
er
al
ty
p
es o
f
au
t
h
en
tic
ac
tiv
ities
th
at
en
co
m
p
ass
ed
u
tain
m
e
n
t.
a
.
Sin
g
ing
Sin
g
in
g
is
an
au
th
e
n
tic
an
d
e
n
jo
y
ab
le
ac
tiv
ity
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
GB
M1
an
d
GB
M2
,
s
in
g
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
ca
n
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
as
o
r
al
ac
tiv
ities
th
at
b
o
o
s
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
en
th
u
s
iasm
f
o
r
l
ea
r
n
in
g
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
in
ter
est
in
s
in
g
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
is
al
s
o
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
ey
e
n
jo
y
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
in
th
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
s
ess
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
ev
id
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ex
ce
r
p
t f
r
o
m
p
ar
ticip
a
n
t in
ter
v
ie
ws:
“
My
cla
s
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
lo
ve
s
in
g
in
g
.
S
o
,
I
a
lw
a
ys
in
co
r
p
o
r
a
te
s
in
g
in
g
i
n
to
my
tea
c
h
in
g
s
ess
io
n
s
.
A
t
th
e
ve
r
y
lea
s
t,
I
ca
n
in
vite
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
s
in
g
b
efo
r
e
c
o
n
clu
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
tea
ch
in
g
s
ess
io
n
.
”
(
T
B
/GB
M1
:4
2
0
-
422)
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
al
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
l
ed
s
ev
er
al
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
s
ess
io
n
s
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
GB
M1
(
P3
/SR
1
/GB
M1
)
an
d
GB
M5
(
P2
9
/SR
5
/GB
M5
)
in
clu
d
ed
s
in
g
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
.
GB
M1
co
n
d
u
cte
d
s
in
g
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
as
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
in
d
u
c
tio
n
ac
tiv
ity
,
wh
ile
GB
M5
o
r
g
an
ized
s
in
g
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
b
ef
o
r
e
co
n
clu
d
in
g
th
e
teac
h
in
g
s
ess
io
n
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
te:
S
tu
d
en
ts
s
a
n
g
th
e
s
o
n
g
“
S
a
ya
n
g
S
emu
a
n
ya
”
a
cc
o
mp
a
n
ied
b
y
mu
s
i
c.
GB
M1
lin
ke
d
th
e
s
o
n
g
to
th
e
lea
r
n
i
n
g
th
eme
o
f th
e
d
a
y
.
(
P3
/SR
1
/GB
M1
)
Sin
g
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
ar
e
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
ely
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
in
th
e
L
o
wer
Prim
ar
y
Ma
lay
L
an
g
u
ag
e
C
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
an
d
Ass
ess
m
en
t
Do
cu
m
en
t
(
DSKP
B
a
h
a
s
a
Me
la
yu
S
ek
o
l
a
h
R
en
d
a
h
)
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
"L
an
g
u
ag
e
Ar
ts
"
s
ec
tio
n
.
Sin
g
in
g
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
elem
en
ts
in
clu
d
ed
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
an
d
is
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
in
to
co
n
ten
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
lear
n
in
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
m
aster
.
Fo
r
e
x
am
p
le,
d
o
c
u
m
en
t A
D/DSKPB
M/T
3
r
ec
o
r
d
s
th
e
lear
n
in
g
s
tan
d
a
r
d
“
S
in
g
in
g
s
o
n
g
s
a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
r
h
yth
m
o
f
ch
ild
r
en
's
s
o
n
g
s
a
n
d
fo
lk
s
o
n
g
s
a
n
d
ex
p
la
in
in
g
th
e
b
ea
u
tifu
l la
n
g
u
a
g
e
mea
n
in
g
s
in
s
o
n
g
lyri
cs
.
”
b.
P
o
et
ry
re
cit
a
t
io
n
Nex
t,
p
o
etr
y
r
ec
itatio
n
ac
tiv
ities
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
v
er
s
es,
p
o
em
s
,
r
h
y
m
es,
an
d
th
e
lik
e
ar
e
also
ca
teg
o
r
ized
as
ed
u
tain
m
en
t
ac
tiv
ities
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
s
tu
d
y
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
d
u
r
in
g
i
n
ter
v
iew
s
ess
io
n
s
T
B
/GB
M1
:2
8
8
-
2
9
0
an
d
T
B
/
GB
M5
:1
9
9
-
2
0
1
,
ac
tiv
ities
s
u
ch
as
d
ec
laim
in
g
p
o
em
s
,
r
e
citin
g
v
er
s
es,
an
d
co
m
p
o
s
in
g
p
an
tu
n
(
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
Ma
lay
q
u
atr
ai
n
)
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
ed
u
tain
m
en
t
ac
tiv
ities
th
at
ca
n
s
er
v
e
as
au
th
en
tic
o
r
al
s
k
ill ex
e
r
cises
.
“
We
ca
n
s
ee
,
if
a
s
tu
d
e
n
t
ex
c
els
in
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
a
r
ts
o
r
a
lly,
t
h
ey
ca
n
c
o
mp
o
s
e
p
o
ems,
r
ec
i
te
ve
r
s
es
w
ith
in
teres
t
in
g
in
to
n
a
tio
n
,
tel
l sto
r
ies effec
tively,
a
n
d
s
p
ea
k
co
n
fid
en
tly
.
”
(
T
B
/GB
M5
:1
9
9
-
201)
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
P1
5
/SR
3
/GB
M3
an
d
P2
1
/SR
4
/GB
M4
s
ess
io
n
s
in
d
icate
th
at
s
tu
d
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
co
n
d
u
cted
p
o
etr
y
r
ec
itatio
n
ac
tiv
ities
s
u
ch
as c
o
m
p
o
s
in
g
p
an
tu
n
an
d
r
e
citin
g
v
er
s
es.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
te:
E
a
ch
g
r
o
u
p
r
ec
ited
ve
r
s
es
a
cc
o
mp
a
n
ied
b
y
k
o
mp
a
n
g
(
tr
a
d
itio
n
a
l
Ma
la
y
h
a
n
d
d
r
u
m)
.
E
a
ch
g
r
o
u
p
p
r
esen
ted
th
eir p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
in
fr
o
n
t o
f t
h
e
cla
s
s
.
(
P2
1
/SR
4
/GB
M4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
682
-
694
690
An
aly
s
is
o
f
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
p
o
etr
y
r
ec
itatio
n
ac
tiv
ities
ar
e
in
d
ee
d
d
o
cu
m
en
ted
i
n
th
e
lo
we
r
p
r
im
ar
y
Ma
lay
lan
g
u
a
g
e
cu
r
r
i
cu
lu
m
an
d
ass
ess
m
en
t d
o
cu
m
en
t
(
DSKP
B
a
h
a
s
a
Mela
yu
S
e
ko
la
h
R
en
d
a
h
)
f
r
o
m
Yea
r
1
to
Yea
r
6
.
Fo
r
i
n
s
tan
ce
,
d
o
cu
m
en
t
AD/DSKPB
M
/T1
n
o
tes
“
R
ec
itin
g
p
a
n
tu
n
w
ith
p
r
o
p
er
in
to
n
a
tio
n
;
”
u
n
d
er
th
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
ar
ts
asp
ec
t
lear
n
in
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
clea
r
ly
in
d
i
ca
tes
th
at
p
o
etr
y
r
ec
itatio
n
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
as
an
ac
tiv
ity
in
th
e
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
le
ar
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
d
o
cu
m
en
t
a
n
aly
s
is
also
f
o
u
n
d
in
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
AD/R
P
H1
2
/GB
M8
th
at
p
o
etr
y
r
ec
itatio
n
ac
tiv
ities
wer
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
in
t
h
e
ac
tiv
ity
s
ec
tio
n
an
d
n
o
ted
“
R
ec
itin
g
a
n
d
p
erfo
r
min
g
ve
r
s
es
w
ith
s
u
ita
b
le
r
h
yth
m
a
n
d
ex
p
r
ess
in
g
th
e
o
ve
r
a
ll
id
e
a
s
o
f
th
e
ve
r
s
e
”
as
a
lear
n
in
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
in
th
e
teac
h
in
g
p
lan
.
4
.
2
.
6
.
P
re
s
ent
a
t
io
n
Pre
s
en
tatio
n
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
ac
tiv
ity
o
f
ex
p
lain
in
g
,
d
escr
ib
in
g
,
an
d
d
is
p
lay
in
g
s
o
m
eth
in
g
to
o
th
er
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
t
h
is
co
n
tex
t
,
p
r
e
s
en
tatio
n
is
an
ac
tiv
ity
wh
e
r
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
r
esen
t
th
eir
wo
r
k
i
n
f
r
o
n
t
o
f
teac
h
er
s
an
d
o
th
e
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
is
ac
tiv
i
ty
r
eq
u
ir
es st
u
d
e
n
ts
to
in
ter
ac
t
o
r
ally
wh
ile
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
eir
wo
r
k
.
a
.
Dis
cus
s
a
nd
present
T
h
e
ac
tiv
ity
o
f
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
an
d
p
r
esen
tatio
n
is
u
s
u
ally
co
n
d
u
cted
to
g
eth
e
r
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
a
t
th
e
wo
r
k
p
r
esen
ted
h
as
u
n
d
er
g
o
n
e
a
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
esp
ec
ially
with
in
s
p
ec
if
ic
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
s
tu
d
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
GB
M1
,
GB
M2
,
GB
M3
,
an
d
GB
M5
,
d
u
r
in
g
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
an
d
p
r
esen
tatio
n
ac
t
iv
ities
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
ev
alu
ated
b
ased
o
n
t
h
eir
in
te
r
ac
tio
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
g
r
o
u
p
d
is
cu
s
s
i
o
n
s
,
as
well
as
th
eir
p
r
esen
t
atio
n
s
ty
le
an
d
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
t
h
e
wo
r
k
p
r
esen
ted
.
“
F
o
r
ex
a
mp
le,
in
p
r
esen
ta
tio
n
ta
s
ks,
w
e
a
s
s
ess
s
tu
d
en
ts
d
u
r
in
g
th
eir g
r
o
u
p
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
,
in
tera
ctio
n
w
ith
g
r
o
u
p
ma
tes
a
n
d
tea
c
h
ers
,
a
n
d
th
en
w
e
a
s
s
ess
d
u
r
in
g
th
eir
p
r
esen
ta
tio
n
,
th
eir
d
elive
r
y
s
tyle,
in
to
n
a
tio
n
,
p
r
o
n
u
n
cia
tio
n
,
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
.
Th
e
o
u
tco
me
is
w
h
a
t
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
p
r
esen
t.
Th
a
t
's
th
eir
w
o
r
k
.
”
(
T
B
/G
B
M4
:1
6
4
-
1
6
7
)
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
,
it
w
as
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
s
tu
d
y
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
in
d
ee
d
co
n
d
u
cte
d
th
e
s
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
an
d
p
r
esen
tatio
n
ac
tiv
ities
as
p
ar
t
o
f
th
eir
teac
h
in
g
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
p
r
ac
tices.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
al
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
icate
th
at
al
l
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
an
d
p
r
esen
tatio
n
ac
tiv
ities
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
in
g
r
o
u
p
s
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
with
in
th
o
s
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
t
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
es a
clea
r
p
ictu
r
e
o
f
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
te:
E
a
c
h
g
r
o
u
p
co
n
d
u
cted
a
p
r
esen
ta
tio
n
to
p
r
esen
t
th
eir
g
r
o
u
p
w
o
r
k.
Th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
a
n
d
p
r
esen
ta
tio
n
s
ess
io
n
s
h
o
w
ed
s
tu
d
en
ts
i
n
tera
ctin
g
to
co
mp
lete
th
ei
r
ta
s
ks.
(
P1
3
/SR
2
/GB
M2
)
T
h
ese
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
tes
alig
n
with
d
o
c
u
m
en
t
a
n
aly
s
is
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
v
ar
i
o
u
s
less
o
n
p
lan
s
p
r
ep
a
r
ed
b
y
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
teac
h
in
g
p
lan
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
in
d
icate
r
ec
o
r
d
s
o
f
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
an
d
p
r
esen
tatio
n
ac
tiv
ities
co
n
d
u
cted
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
n
o
te
“
E
a
ch
g
r
o
u
p
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
i
-
Th
in
k
ma
p
th
ey
h
a
ve
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
”
in
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
AD/R
PH1
7
/GB
M3
.
T
h
is
ac
tiv
ity
ca
n
en
co
u
r
ag
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
c
o
m
m
u
n
icate
with
th
eir
p
ee
r
s
an
d
teac
h
e
r
s
,
th
er
eb
y
en
h
an
cin
g
t
h
eir
o
r
al
s
k
ills
.
4
.
2
.
7
.
L
a
ng
ua
g
e
g
a
m
e
s
Play
in
g
is
a
n
atu
r
al
p
ar
t o
f
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t o
f
lear
n
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
lay
is
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
b
r
in
g
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
cl
o
s
er
t
o
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
g
am
es.
T
y
p
ically
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
i
n
ter
ac
t
ex
ten
s
iv
ely
d
u
r
in
g
g
am
ep
lay
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
alig
n
s
with
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
d
i
ca
tin
g
th
at
lan
g
u
ag
e
g
a
m
e
ac
t
iv
ities
ca
n
s
er
v
e
as
au
th
en
tic
ass
ess
m
en
ts
o
f
o
r
al
s
k
ills
.
a
.
G
ro
up
-
ba
s
ed
gam
es
Gam
es
co
n
d
u
cted
in
g
r
o
u
p
s
e
ttin
g
s
ar
e
g
en
er
ally
m
o
r
e
e
n
jo
y
ab
le
th
an
in
d
iv
id
u
al
g
a
m
es.
T
h
is
was
also
n
o
ted
b
y
s
tu
d
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
GB
M1
,
GB
M2
,
GB
M3
,
an
d
GB
M4
,
wh
o
ex
p
r
ess
ed
t
h
at
lan
g
u
ag
e
g
am
es
in
g
r
o
u
p
f
o
r
m
ats
h
av
e
a
g
r
ea
te
r
im
p
ac
t
o
n
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
o
r
al
lear
n
in
g
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
o
p
in
e
d
th
at
s
tu
d
en
t
en
jo
y
p
lay
in
g
in
g
r
o
u
p
s
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
y
ca
n
in
t
er
ac
t w
ith
ea
ch
o
th
e
r
to
s
o
lv
e
t
h
e
g
am
e.
“
I
u
s
u
a
lly
d
o
cro
s
s
w
o
r
d
p
u
z
z
les,
q
u
iz
z
es,
r
id
d
les,
h
o
ts
ea
t,
mu
s
ica
l
ch
a
ir
s
.
Usu
a
lly,
th
es
e
g
a
mes
a
r
e
d
o
n
e
in
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
w
h
ere
s
tu
d
en
ts
d
is
cu
s
s
to
g
eth
er to
s
o
lve
th
e
q
u
iz
.
”
(
T
B
/GB
M2
:3
9
7
-
3
9
8
)
T
h
is
f
in
d
in
g
is
f
u
r
th
e
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ed
b
y
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
an
d
d
o
cu
m
en
t a
n
aly
s
is
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
P2
3
/
SR
4
/G
B
M4
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
s
tu
d
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
co
n
d
u
c
ted
th
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
g
am
e
“
Fu
tu
r
e
Sn
ak
e
an
d
L
ad
d
e
r
”
in
g
r
o
u
p
s
d
u
r
in
g
a
teac
h
in
g
s
ess
io
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
A
u
th
en
tic
a
s
s
ess
men
t a
ctivitie
s
fo
r
o
r
a
l
M
a
la
y
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
kills
in
p
r
ima
r
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
(
N
o
r
liz
a
R
a
mla
n
)
691
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
te:
S
tu
d
en
ts
p
la
ye
d
th
e
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
g
a
me
“
F
u
tu
r
e
S
n
a
ke
a
n
d
La
d
d
er
”
in
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
E
a
ch
g
r
o
u
p
r
ep
r
esen
ta
tive
r
o
lled
th
e
d
ice
a
n
d
mo
ve
d
th
e
m
a
r
ke
r
o
n
th
e
s
lid
e
d
is
p
la
ye
d
i
n
fr
o
n
t
o
f
th
e
cla
s
s
.
E
a
ch
s
q
u
a
r
e
in
th
e
g
a
me
b
o
a
r
d
h
a
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
th
a
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
a
d
to
fo
llo
w
.
E
a
ch
g
r
o
u
p
mem
b
er
w
o
r
ke
d
to
g
eth
er
to
s
o
lve
th
e
p
r
o
b
lems
p
r
esen
ted
o
n
t
h
e
r
esp
ec
tive
s
q
u
a
r
es
.
(
P2
3
/SR
4
/GB
M4
)
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
is
f
i
n
d
in
g
is
cl
ea
r
ly
ev
id
e
n
ce
d
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
d
o
c
u
m
en
t
an
aly
s
is
o
f
AD/R
PH1
4
/
GB
M4
,
wh
ich
n
o
te
d
“
Lea
r
n
in
g
S
tyle:
K
in
esth
etic
-
La
n
g
u
a
g
e
Ga
mes
.
”
b.
M
o
v
em
ent
-
ba
s
ed
g
a
mes
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
d
ata
an
al
y
s
is
co
n
d
u
cted
,
g
am
es
in
v
o
l
v
in
g
m
o
v
em
en
t
wer
e
also
m
en
tio
n
ed
b
y
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
s
tu
d
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
GB
M1
,
GB
M2
,
GB
M4
,
an
d
GB
M5
,
g
am
es in
v
o
lv
in
g
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
ty
p
ically
r
e
q
u
ir
e
a
r
elativ
ely
s
p
ac
io
u
s
ar
ea
,
th
u
s
o
u
td
o
o
r
lo
c
atio
n
s
f
o
r
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
s
ess
io
n
s
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
“
F
o
r
ex
a
mp
le,
I
'v
e
in
teg
r
a
ted
P
h
ysica
l
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
in
t
o
tea
ch
in
g
Ma
la
y
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
ctivities
like
g
a
mes,
d
o
w
n
th
ere.
.
.
a
t
t
h
e
a
s
s
emb
ly
a
r
ea
,
s
o
s
tu
d
en
ts
en
g
a
g
e
i
n
kin
esth
etic
mo
ve
men
ts
.
.
.
.
”
(
T
B
/GB
M2
:8
2
-
84)
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
m
a
d
e
i
n
P1
1
/SR
2
/GB
M2
an
d
P2
9
/S
R
5
/GB
M5
,
it
was
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
s
tu
d
y
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
co
n
d
u
cte
d
lan
g
u
ag
e
g
a
m
es in
v
o
lv
in
g
m
o
v
e
m
en
t d
u
r
in
g
teac
h
in
g
s
ess
io
n
s
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
te:
E
a
ch
g
r
o
u
p
mo
ve
d
to
ea
ch
s
ta
tio
n
to
co
m
p
lete
th
e
in
fo
r
ma
tio
n
p
r
o
vid
ed
b
y
ea
ch
s
ta
tio
n
's
a
tten
d
a
n
t.
Gro
u
p
me
mb
ers
lis
ten
ed
a
tten
tively
to
th
e
in
fo
r
ma
tio
n
c
o
n
ve
ye
d
b
y
th
e
s
ta
tio
n
a
tten
d
a
n
ts
to
c
o
mp
lete
th
e
r
ela
ted
ta
s
ks
.
(
P2
9
/SR
5
/GB
M5
)
Data
tr
ian
g
u
latio
n
is
also
ev
id
en
t
in
th
e
d
o
cu
m
e
n
t
an
aly
s
is
o
f
AD/
R
P
H1
9
/GB
M9
,
w
h
ich
n
o
tes
“
S
tu
d
en
ts
w
ere
d
ivid
ed
in
to
s
ev
era
l
g
r
o
u
p
s
fo
r
th
e
'F
a
r
m
S
ta
tio
n
'
g
a
me
.
”
T
h
is
n
o
te
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
s
tatio
n
-
b
ased
g
am
es
r
eq
u
ir
i
n
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
m
o
v
e
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
s
tatio
n
to
an
o
th
e
r
ca
n
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
as
au
t
h
en
tic
ass
es
s
m
en
ts
o
f
o
r
al
s
k
ills
.
c.
Co
m
pet
it
io
n
-
ba
s
ed
ga
m
es
I
n
ess
en
ce
,
h
u
m
an
s
n
atu
r
all
y
en
jo
y
th
e
th
r
ill
o
f
c
o
m
p
etitio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
lan
g
u
ag
e
g
am
es
i
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
c
o
m
p
etitio
n
s
ca
n
also
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
to
ca
ter
t
o
th
is
h
u
m
an
in
clin
atio
n
,
esp
ec
iall
y
am
o
n
g
ch
ild
r
e
n
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
GB
M2
,
GB
M3
,
GB
M4
,
GB
M5
,
lan
g
u
ag
e
lea
r
n
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
g
a
m
e
co
m
p
etitio
n
s
b
ec
o
m
es
m
o
r
e
en
jo
y
ab
le.
T
h
is
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
c
an
ef
f
ec
ti
v
ely
e
n
g
ag
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ac
tiv
ely
p
a
r
ticip
ate
in
c
o
m
p
etitio
n
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
to
b
o
o
s
t stu
d
en
ts
'
en
th
u
s
iasm
f
o
r
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
,
r
ewa
r
d
s
o
r
in
ce
n
tiv
es c
an
b
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
“
A
n
y
g
r
o
u
p
th
a
t
s
u
cc
ess
fu
lly
co
mp
letes
th
e
g
a
me
e
a
r
lier
w
ill
r
ec
eive
to
ke
n
s
o
r
s
ticke
r
s
.
I
u
s
e
a
r
ewa
r
d
ch
a
r
t c
o
n
ce
p
t h
ere
.
”
(
T
B
/GB
M2
:4
7
3
-
4
7
5
)
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
s
o
n
GB
M4
f
r
o
m
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
P2
2
/SR
4
/GB
M4
in
d
icate
th
at
GB
M4
co
n
d
u
cte
d
an
o
r
al
q
u
esti
o
n
-
an
d
-
an
s
wer
g
a
m
e
b
ased
o
n
im
ag
es b
etwe
en
two
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
n
o
te:
Th
e
g
a
me
s
ta
r
ted
w
ith
Gro
u
p
A
p
o
s
in
g
a
q
u
esti
o
n
a
n
s
w
ered
b
y
Gro
u
p
B
.
Gro
u
p
B
s
u
cc
ess
fu
lly
a
n
s
w
ered
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
a
n
d
ea
r
n
ed
p
o
in
ts
.
T
h
en
,
Gro
u
p
B
p
o
s
ed
a
q
u
esti
o
n
to
th
e
o
p
p
o
n
en
t
o
r
a
lly.
Gro
u
p
A
fa
iled
to
a
n
s
w
er
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
,
s
o
Gro
u
p
B
,
w
h
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
,
ea
r
n
ed
p
o
in
ts
.
Th
e
g
a
me
co
n
tin
u
ed
fo
r
1
5
min
u
tes.
Th
e
g
r
o
u
p
w
ith
th
e
h
ig
h
est
a
cc
u
mu
la
te
d
p
o
in
ts
w
a
s
d
ec
la
r
ed
th
e
w
in
n
er o
f th
e
co
mp
etitio
n
.
(
P2
2
/SR
4
/GB
M4
)
Do
cu
m
en
t
an
aly
s
is
in
d
icate
s
d
etails
o
f
lan
g
u
ag
e
g
am
es
in
co
m
p
etitio
n
f
o
r
m
in
th
e
less
o
n
p
lan
AD/R
P
H1
3
/GB
M4
,
s
u
ch
as
“
Gro
u
p
s
fa
ilin
g
to
p
o
s
e
a
q
u
est
io
n
o
r
a
n
s
w
er
th
e
p
o
s
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
a
r
e
co
n
s
id
ered
lo
s
in
g
.
”
T
h
u
s
,
it
is
clea
r
th
at
l
an
g
u
ag
e
g
am
es
co
n
d
u
cte
d
in
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
co
m
p
etitio
n
s
,
o
r
in
v
o
l
v
in
g
m
o
v
em
en
t
ca
n
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
to
en
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
in
ter
ac
t a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icate
wh
ile
s
o
lv
in
g
th
e
g
am
es.
5.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
in
d
s
th
at
v
ar
io
u
s
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
a
u
th
en
tic
ac
tiv
ities
h
av
e
b
ee
n
im
p
lem
en
te
d
in
th
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
th
er
e
b
y
s
er
v
in
g
as
a
u
th
en
tic
ass
ess
m
en
ts
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ev
alu
ate
s
t
u
d
en
ts
’
o
r
al
s
k
ills
.
T
h
ese
ac
tiv
ities
in
clu
d
e
r
o
le
-
p
lay
in
g
,
s
to
r
y
tellin
g
,
s
tim
u
lu
s
m
ater
ials
,
q
u
esti
o
n
in
g
an
d
an
s
wer
in
g
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
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