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I
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E
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Vo
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14
,
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.
1
,
Feb
r
u
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y
2
0
2
5
,
p
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.
589
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Using
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1
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ev
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18
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ro
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t
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K
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s
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3
D
m
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d
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g
C
r
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tiv
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Dig
ital to
o
ls
Fu
tu
r
e
p
h
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ch
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STE
M
ed
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ca
tio
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ield
T
h
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s
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n
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rticle
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n
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CC B
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se
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C
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r
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p
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A
uth
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r
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Ma
k
p
al
Nu
r
izin
o
v
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Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
P
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ics an
d
T
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ch
n
o
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g
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Sar
s
en
Am
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z
h
o
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v
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ast Ka
za
k
h
s
tan
Un
iv
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s
ity
3
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Gu
ar
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s
Div
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3
4
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0
7
0
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,
Ust
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Kam
en
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g
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r
s
k
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Kaz
ak
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tan
E
m
ail: m
ak
p
al.
n
u
r
izin
o
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a@
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m
ail
.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Am
o
n
g
th
e
C
en
tr
al
Asi
an
States
,
th
e
R
ep
u
b
lic
o
f
Kaz
ak
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tan
was
am
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n
g
th
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Pro
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ield
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u
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with
th
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r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
o
f
e
m
p
l
o
y
er
s
.
T
h
is
m
ad
e
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
s
cien
ce
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
an
d
m
ath
em
atics
(
STE
M)
cu
r
r
icu
l
a,
ac
ad
em
ic
m
o
b
ilit
y
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
an
d
t
h
e
r
i
g
h
t o
f
g
r
ad
u
ates to
f
in
d
em
p
l
o
y
m
en
t
in
an
y
co
u
n
tr
y
[
1
]
.
Als
o
,
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
i
r
esear
ch
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
u
s
in
g
th
e
latest
ac
h
ie
v
em
en
ts
o
f
d
i
g
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
wer
e
ab
le
to
d
et
er
m
in
e
th
e
tech
n
ical
an
d
s
cien
tific
p
r
o
g
r
ess
o
f
an
y
s
p
h
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e
o
f
h
u
m
an
ac
tiv
ity
,
to
f
o
r
m
n
ew
ty
p
es o
f
ac
ti
v
ities
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
.
I
t
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
tak
e
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
ch
an
g
es
in
th
e
m
o
d
er
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
g
o
als
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
tr
a
n
s
itio
n
to
d
is
tan
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
tr
a
n
s
itio
n
to
a
d
i
g
ital
s
o
ciety
.
W
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
at
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
STE
M
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
d
ig
ital
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
r
elev
an
t.
STE
M
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
cc
u
p
y
a
n
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
lace
in
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
tr
ain
in
g
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
teac
h
er
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it is
im
p
o
r
tan
t to
u
s
e
th
em
[
4
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
589
-
597
590
C
r
ea
tiv
ity
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
a
s
et
o
f
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics
teac
h
er
s
to
ap
p
ly
th
eir
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
th
e
f
ield
s
o
f
n
at
u
r
al
STE
M
to
ac
h
iev
e
in
n
o
v
a
tiv
e
r
esu
lts
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
f
r
o
m
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies,
o
n
e
ca
n
n
o
tice
th
e
lack
o
f
wo
r
k
o
n
th
e
cr
ea
tiv
e
t
r
ain
in
g
o
f
f
u
t
u
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics
teac
h
er
s
in
STE
M
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
in
d
iv
id
u
al
p
r
o
f
il
e
co
n
ten
t
[
5
]
–
[
7
]
.
I
t
is
also
k
n
o
wn
th
at
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
p
h
y
s
icis
ts
,
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
co
m
p
lex
p
h
en
o
m
en
a
o
cc
u
r
r
i
n
g
in
r
esear
ch
ce
n
ter
s
an
d
in
s
tallatio
n
s
,
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies
u
s
ed
in
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
a
n
d
m
aster
in
g
th
e
p
r
in
cip
les o
f
th
ei
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
cr
ea
te
a
lo
t o
f
d
if
f
icu
lties
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
a
n
d
d
if
f
icu
lt
ar
ea
s
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics
teac
h
er
s
is
th
e
f
ield
o
f
tr
ib
o
lo
g
y
.
T
r
ib
o
lo
g
y
is
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
b
r
an
c
h
o
f
th
e
s
cien
ce
o
f
p
h
y
s
ics
th
at
s
tu
d
ies
r
elate
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
in
th
e
r
elativ
e
m
o
tio
n
o
f
h
ig
h
ly
d
e
f
o
r
m
a
b
le
b
o
d
ies
[
8
]
.
Giv
en
th
e
wid
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
tr
ib
o
lo
g
y
-
in
s
u
ch
im
p
o
r
tan
t
ar
ea
s
o
f
h
u
m
a
n
a
ctiv
ity
as
elec
tr
o
n
ics,
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
en
er
g
y
,
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t,
b
io
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
m
ed
icin
e
an
d
th
e
d
ef
e
n
s
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
we
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
th
e
n
ee
d
t
o
d
e
v
elo
p
th
e
cr
ea
tiv
ity
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics tea
ch
er
s
in
th
is
f
ield
[
9
]
.
T
r
ib
o
lo
g
y
is
an
i
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
cien
tific
f
ield
o
f
i
n
ter
est
to
r
esear
ch
er
s
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
co
u
n
tr
ies
[
1
0
]
.
Fro
m
r
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
[
1
1
]
–
[
1
3
]
,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
tr
ac
e
th
e
ac
h
iev
em
en
ts
in
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ield
s
o
f
tr
ib
o
lo
g
y
o
v
er
th
e
p
ast
2
-
3
y
ea
r
s
.
I
n
ter
esti
n
g
ly
,
s
tu
d
ies
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
s
u
r
f
ac
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
s
o
lid
s
s
h
o
w
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
[
1
4
]
–
[
1
6
]
.
Alo
n
g
with
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
co
u
n
tr
i
es,
tech
n
ical
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
o
f
th
e
R
ep
u
b
lic
o
f
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
s
tu
d
y
s
p
ec
if
ic
is
s
u
es
o
f
tr
ib
o
lo
g
y
[
1
7
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
an
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
d
ev
o
t
ed
to
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
in
d
icate
s
th
e
in
s
u
f
f
icien
cy
o
f
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
t
io
n
s
en
tr
u
s
ted
with
th
e
task
o
f
tr
ain
in
g
f
u
tu
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics
teac
h
er
s
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
th
e
in
clu
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
tr
ib
o
lo
g
y
in
t
h
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
cu
r
r
icu
la
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
p
r
i
n
cip
les
o
f
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t.
T
h
is
ca
n
s
i
g
n
if
ican
tly
e
x
p
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
m
o
d
er
n
s
cien
tific
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
.
As
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
a
m
eta
-
an
aly
s
is
o
f
ar
ticles
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
in
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
d
i
g
ital
to
o
ls
ar
e
u
s
ed
b
ased
o
n
STE
M
k
n
o
wled
g
e
as
an
ad
v
an
ce
d
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
in
s
h
ap
in
g
th
e
c
r
ea
tiv
ity
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics
teac
h
er
s
[
1
8
]
–
[
2
0
]
.
Dig
ital
t
o
o
ls
in
STE
M
k
n
o
wled
g
e
al
lo
w
y
o
u
to
v
is
u
alize
co
m
p
le
x
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
a
an
d
p
atter
n
s
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
p
h
y
s
ics.
I
t
i
s
wid
ely
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
th
at
d
ig
ital
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
ater
ials
e
n
co
m
p
ass
a
v
a
r
iety
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
s
u
ch
as
s
im
u
latio
n
s
an
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
m
u
ltime
d
i
a
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
ese
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
p
lay
a
c
r
u
cial
r
o
le
in
en
h
an
cin
g
s
k
ills
with
in
th
e
r
ea
lm
o
f
tr
ib
o
lo
g
y
[
2
2
]
,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
s
elf
-
d
ir
ec
ted
lear
n
in
g
,
g
en
er
atin
g
g
r
ea
ter
in
ter
est in
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
s
er
v
in
g
as v
alu
ab
le
t
o
o
ls
in
STE
M
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
2
3
]
.
At
p
r
esen
t,
d
ig
ital
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
e
x
ten
s
iv
ely
u
tili
ze
d
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
n
ea
r
ly
all
tech
n
ical
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
[
2
4
]
s
er
v
es
as
a
c
o
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
,
co
n
ce
p
tu
al,
an
d
v
is
u
al
ly
en
g
a
g
in
g
p
r
im
er
o
n
p
h
y
s
ical
ch
em
is
tr
y
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
e
th
e
co
n
t
em
p
o
r
ar
y
r
elev
an
ce
o
f
p
h
y
s
i
ca
l
ch
em
is
tr
y
an
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
its
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
to
o
u
r
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
s
b
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
m
o
d
er
n
ap
p
licatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
b
io
l
o
g
y
,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
s
cien
ce
,
a
n
d
m
ater
ials
s
cien
ce
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
d
ig
ital
tex
t
b
o
o
k
[
2
5
]
m
er
its
atten
tio
n
f
o
r
its
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
co
v
er
ag
e
o
f
c
ir
cu
it
an
aly
s
is
an
d
cir
cu
it
th
e
o
r
y
.
W
ith
in
its
p
ag
es,
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tal
co
n
ce
p
ts
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
a
co
h
er
en
t
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
e
co
n
tin
u
al
ex
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
k
n
o
wled
g
e.
Step
-
by
-
s
tep
an
aly
tical
m
eth
o
d
s
f
u
r
n
is
h
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
h
o
u
s
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
ab
ilit
ies
a
n
d
eq
u
ip
p
in
g
f
u
tu
r
e
s
p
ec
ialis
t
s
with
th
e
s
k
ills
to
ad
v
an
ce
th
e
c
o
n
ce
p
ts
o
f
p
r
ac
tici
n
g
en
g
i
n
ee
r
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
liter
ar
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
er
e
ar
e
n
o
d
ig
ital
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
n
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
tr
ib
o
l
o
g
y
,
wh
i
ch
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
tr
ain
in
g
f
u
tu
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics
teac
h
er
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
f
o
r
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics
teac
h
er
s
s
h
o
w
a
s
h
o
r
tag
e
o
f
s
u
b
jects
r
elate
d
to
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
s
ec
to
r
an
d
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
in
its
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
o
f
t
ea
ch
in
g
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
s
u
b
jects
u
s
in
g
n
ew
STE
M
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
tr
a
in
in
g
,
in
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
f
u
tu
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics
teac
h
er
s
,
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
f
o
r
m
a
s
in
g
le
s
y
s
tem
,
b
u
t
r
em
ain
s
at
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
p
r
o
p
o
s
als.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
allo
ws
u
s
to
f
i
n
d
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
.
I
n
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
with
th
e
e
x
p
l
an
atio
n
,
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
is
to
d
ev
elo
p
d
ig
ital
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
tr
ib
o
lo
g
y
an
d
th
eir
u
s
e
o
n
t
h
e
b
a
s
is
o
f
STE
M
at
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
th
e
cr
e
ativ
ity
o
f
f
u
t
u
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics
teac
h
er
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
h
y
p
o
th
esis
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
is
f
o
r
m
u
late
d
as:
H
1
:
T
h
er
e
is
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
te
r
th
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t
o
n
s
elf
-
ass
es
s
m
en
t o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
cr
ea
tiv
ity
.
H
2
:
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
p
o
s
t
-
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
s
u
r
v
ey
o
f
3
r
d
y
ea
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
th
er
e
is
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
i
n
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
cr
ea
tiv
ity
b
etwe
en
th
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
an
d
th
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
I
n
ac
co
r
d
a
n
ce
with
th
e
o
b
ject
iv
es
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
an
d
th
e
s
cie
n
tific
h
y
p
o
t
h
esis
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
m
eth
o
d
s
wer
e
u
s
ed
,
d
if
f
e
r
in
g
i
n
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
n
o
v
elty
:
−
Me
th
o
d
s
o
f
s
y
s
tem
atic
an
aly
s
is
an
d
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
ar
ticles
in
h
ig
h
-
r
an
k
i
n
g
jo
u
r
n
als
o
f
t
h
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
ir
ec
tio
n
STE
M
an
d
tr
ib
o
lo
g
y
in
s
o
u
r
ce
s
W
OS
an
d
E
ls
ev
ier
’
s
Sco
p
u
s
[
2
6
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Usi
n
g
d
ig
ita
l to
o
ls
in
S
TEM
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
th
e
imp
a
ct
o
n
s
t
u
d
en
t c
r
ea
tivity
in
th
e
…
(
Мa
z
h
yn
S
k
a
ko
v
)
591
−
E
m
p
ir
ical
m
eth
o
d
s
s
u
ch
as
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
an
d
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
ex
p
er
im
en
t,
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
m
et
h
o
d
in
teac
h
in
g
,
m
o
d
elin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
s
tu
d
y
an
d
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
a
d
ig
ital
tex
tb
o
o
k
o
n
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
tr
i
b
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t o
f
cr
ea
tiv
e
ab
il
ities
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics tea
ch
er
s
[
2
7
]
.
−
T
h
e
s
tatis
tical
m
eth
o
d
is
u
s
e
d
to
co
llect
an
d
a
n
aly
ze
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
d
ata,
wh
ich
m
a
k
es
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
s
tatis
tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
i
n
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
p
a
r
t o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
th
is
g
o
al,
th
e
av
ailab
le
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
(
S.
Am
an
zh
o
lo
v
E
ast
Kaz
ak
h
s
tan
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
Kh
o
ja
Ak
h
m
et
Yass
awi
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
a
l
Kaz
ak
h
-
T
u
r
k
is
h
Un
iv
er
s
ity
)
s
er
v
ed
as
m
ater
ial.
A
to
tal
o
f
8
6
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
th
e
ab
o
v
e
-
m
en
tio
n
ed
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
to
o
k
p
a
r
t
in
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
ex
p
er
im
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
s
elec
ted
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
in
ter
v
iew
m
eth
o
d
.
Als
o
,
w
h
en
s
elec
tin
g
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
,
it
was
tak
e
n
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
at
th
ey
h
ad
co
m
p
leted
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
s
p
ec
ial
p
h
y
s
ics
d
is
cip
lin
es.
De
tailed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t p
ar
ticip
atin
g
i
n
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t is sh
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
o
f
th
e
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
e
x
p
er
im
en
t
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
n
a
me
Ed
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
G
e
n
d
e
r
S
.
A
ma
n
z
h
o
l
o
v
Ea
s
t
K
a
z
a
k
h
st
a
n
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
P
h
y
s
i
c
s
,
6
B
0
1
5
0
2
46
F
e
mal
e
(
2
6
)
M
a
l
e
(
2
0
)
K
h
o
j
a
A
k
h
me
t
Y
a
ss
a
w
i
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
K
a
z
a
k
h
-
Tu
r
k
i
s
h
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
P
h
y
s
i
c
s
,
6
B
0
1
5
0
3
40
F
e
mal
e
(
2
5
)
M
a
l
e
(
1
5
)
To
t
a
l
86
F
e
mal
e
(
5
1
)
M
a
l
e
(
3
5
)
W
e
u
s
ed
th
e
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
s
s
er
v
ice
to
c
o
n
d
u
ct
a
s
u
r
v
ey
an
d
ev
alu
ate
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
o
n
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
m
etr
i
c
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le,
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
y
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
p
o
in
ts
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
wer
e
s
im
p
le
s
tatem
en
ts
wh
er
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
ask
e
d
to
r
ate
th
eir
c
r
ea
tiv
ity
o
n
a
f
iv
e
-
p
o
in
t
L
i
k
er
t
s
ca
le:
1
=
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
d
is
ag
r
ee
;
2
=
d
is
ag
r
ee
;
3
=
n
eu
t
r
al;
4
=
ag
r
ee
;
5
=
c
o
m
p
letely
ag
r
ee
.
Fo
r
clar
ity
o
n
th
e
g
r
ad
atio
n
o
f
co
n
s
en
t a
n
d
t
h
e
cr
iter
io
n
o
f
r
e
ad
in
ess
,
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws a
s
ch
e
m
atic
d
iag
r
am
.
T
h
e
co
n
ten
t
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
a
ir
e
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
8
m
ain
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
co
n
ten
t
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
T
a
b
le
2
.
T
h
is
s
u
r
v
e
y
was
aim
ed
at
d
eter
m
in
i
n
g
th
e
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
cr
ea
tiv
ity
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
an
d
t
h
e
d
ata
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
we
r
e
an
aly
ze
d
o
n
th
e
b
asis
o
f
th
e
SP
SS
ev
alu
atio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
t
-
test
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
b
etwe
en
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
g
r
o
u
p
s
was
ev
alu
ated
u
s
in
g
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
r
esu
lts
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Gr
a
d
atio
n
o
f
co
n
s
en
t a
n
d
cr
iter
io
n
o
f
cr
ea
tiv
ity
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
T
ab
le
2
.
A
s
elf
-
ass
ess
m
en
t q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
f
o
r
cr
ea
tiv
ity
N
o
.
Q
u
e
st
i
o
n
s
1
I
n
p
h
y
si
c
s,
I
c
a
n
i
m
p
l
e
me
n
t
my
o
w
n
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
i
d
e
a
s
a
n
d
ma
k
e
s
u
g
g
e
st
i
o
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
S
TE
M
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s.
2
I
l
i
k
e
t
o
t
h
i
n
k
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
l
y
i
n
t
h
e
S
TE
M
f
i
e
l
d
.
3
I
a
m rea
d
y
f
o
r
a
n
y
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
i
mp
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
S
TE
M
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s.
4
I
c
a
n
w
o
r
k
i
n
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
l
y
o
n
i
n
t
e
r
e
st
i
n
g
S
TE
M
t
a
s
k
s.
5
I
l
i
k
e
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
,
i
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
i
n
S
TE
M
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s.
6
M
y
i
d
e
a
s
i
n
t
h
e
f
i
e
l
d
o
f
S
TE
M
a
r
e
b
a
s
i
c
,
n
e
w
i
d
e
a
s
a
r
i
se
q
u
i
c
k
l
y
.
7
W
h
e
n
I
a
m
a
sk
e
d
a
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
a
t
i
c
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
,
I
o
f
t
e
n
o
f
f
e
r
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
a
n
sw
e
r
.
8
W
h
e
n
a
p
r
o
b
l
e
m s
i
t
u
a
t
i
o
n
a
r
i
s
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
i
m
p
l
e
me
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
S
TE
M
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
i
n
p
h
y
s
i
c
s,
I
t
h
i
n
k
o
f
se
v
e
r
a
l
w
a
y
s
t
o
f
i
n
d
a
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
t
o
i
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
589
-
597
592
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Aut
ho
r
’
s
ST
E
M
dev
elo
pm
ent
s
in t
he
f
ield o
f
t
ribo
lo
g
y
M
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
3
0
s
c
i
e
n
t
i
f
i
c
a
r
t
i
cl
e
s
o
n
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
w
e
r
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
at
i
ca
l
l
y
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
m
a
d
e
i
t
p
o
s
s
i
b
le
t
o
c
o
n
c
l
u
d
e
t
h
a
t
S
T
E
M
h
a
s
a
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
i
m
p
a
ct
o
n
t
h
e
c
r
e
a
t
i
v
e
a
s
p
e
c
ts
o
f
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
.
A
l
s
o
,
t
h
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
a
n
d
s
c
i
e
n
ti
f
i
c
a
n
d
m
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
l
i
t
e
r
at
u
r
e
i
n
p
h
y
s
i
cs
m
a
d
e
i
t
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
t
o
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
t
h
e
d
i
s
c
i
p
l
i
n
e
“
P
h
y
s
i
c
al
f
o
u
n
d
a
t
io
n
s
o
f
t
r
i
b
o
l
o
g
y
”
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
e
d
u
ca
t
i
o
n
a
l
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
.
As
a
r
ea
lizatio
n
o
f
th
e
g
o
als
an
d
o
b
jectiv
es
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
,
we
h
av
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
s
et
o
f
STE
M
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
a
d
ig
ital
tex
tb
o
o
k
an
d
a
s
et
o
f
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
wo
r
k
o
n
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
tr
ib
o
lo
g
y
.
I
n
t
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
d
i
g
ital le
ar
n
in
g
to
o
l,
we
co
n
s
id
er
ed
b
o
th
th
e
co
n
ten
t a
n
d
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
alo
n
g
with
th
e
th
e
o
r
etica
l
p
r
in
cip
les
g
o
v
er
n
i
n
g
th
e
v
is
u
al
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
th
e
f
iel
d
o
f
tr
ib
o
lo
g
y
,
as
well
as
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
in
h
er
en
t
in
ac
q
u
ir
in
g
n
e
w
k
n
o
wled
g
e
with
in
th
e
STE
M
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
d
ig
ital
tex
tb
o
o
k
o
n
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
tr
ib
o
lo
g
y
e
m
p
lo
y
s
co
n
ten
t a
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
cr
af
ted
to
alig
n
with
th
e
lo
g
ic
o
f
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
C
u
r
r
en
tly
,
th
er
e
is
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
s
o
f
twar
e
in
wh
ic
h
y
o
u
ca
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p
h
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f
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ib
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y
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d
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n
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tin
g
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e
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tex
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d
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tu
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en
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cr
ea
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r
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h
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M
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ig
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m
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t
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s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
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2
(
a)
r
ep
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ig
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ir
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u
r
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2
(
b
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in
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r
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s
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r
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3
.
Fig
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r
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(
a
)
an
d
(
b
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p
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u
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3
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
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d
u
c
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SS
N:
2252
-
8
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593
Fu
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4
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tain
s
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b
lo
c
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f
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id
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o
p
ic:
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T
r
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m
eter
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eter
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4
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Pro
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eter
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u
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5
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Vid
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d
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t
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u
s
t
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aster
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r
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l
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ater
ial.
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en
h
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f
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r
m
s
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r
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ased
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[
2
9
]
.
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3
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ater
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ase
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u
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6
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a
3
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e
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lt
o
f
th
e
STE
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ca
s
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
2
5
2
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8
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2
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I
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J
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14
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1
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Feb
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20
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:
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ser
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
E
q
u
ip
p
ed
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i
g
ital m
ater
ial
an
d
tech
n
ical
b
ase
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
3
.
2
.
P
eda
g
o
g
ic
a
l e
x
perim
ent
a
nd
s
t
ud
ent
s
urv
ey
re
s
ults
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
ef
f
e
ctiv
en
ess
o
f
d
ig
ital
to
o
ls
b
ased
o
n
STE
M
k
n
o
wled
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e,
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
cr
ea
tiv
ity
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics
teac
h
er
s
,
a
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
ical
ex
p
er
im
en
t
was
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
th
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
p
h
y
s
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
tr
ib
o
l
o
g
y
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l g
r
o
u
p
s
,
th
is
co
u
r
s
e
was ta
u
g
h
t u
s
in
g
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
,
an
d
in
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
t
h
e
b
asics
o
f
STE
M
ed
u
ca
tio
n
wer
e
tau
g
h
t
u
s
in
g
d
ig
ital
t
o
o
ls
cr
ea
ted
b
y
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
.
T
o
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
STE
M
k
n
o
wled
g
e
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
c
ess
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
tr
ib
o
lo
g
y
u
s
in
g
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
e
f
o
r
s
elf
-
ass
ess
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en
t
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
cr
ea
tiv
ity
,
th
e
r
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lts
o
f
a
p
air
e
d
s
elec
tiv
e
t
-
test
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
a
b
le
4
.
T
ab
le
4
.
T
h
e
r
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lts
o
f
a
p
air
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d
s
elec
tiv
e
t
-
test
b
ased
o
n
th
e
cr
ea
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ity
o
f
f
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ch
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C
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t
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r
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G
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p
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SD
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i
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C
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8
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P
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W
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cted
a
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is
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ased
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n
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e
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lts
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a
s
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r
v
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ts
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e
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r
d
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o
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th
e
ed
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ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
p
ed
a
g
o
g
ical
p
h
y
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ics
b
ef
o
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e
an
d
af
ter
s
tu
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th
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u
r
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e
p
h
y
s
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
tr
ib
o
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g
y
.
Af
ter
s
tu
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y
in
g
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e
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r
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e,
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
h
o
wed
a
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
cr
ea
tiv
ity
in
d
icato
r
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
I
f
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
t
(
M=
2
.
5
7
,
SD=0
.
7
8
)
,
af
te
r
th
e
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t,
t
h
ese
in
d
icato
r
s
wer
e
(
M=
4
.
2
7
,
SD=0
.
2
2
)
.
T
h
e
av
e
r
ag
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
was
0
.
8
6
at
a
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
in
te
r
v
al
o
f
9
5
%.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
,
h
o
wev
er
,
th
er
e
was
n
o
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
cr
ea
tiv
ity
.
T
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
in
c
r
ea
s
e
was
0
.
1
8
at
a
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
in
ter
v
al
o
f
9
5
%.
T
h
is
r
esu
lt
r
ef
u
ted
th
e
H
1
h
y
p
o
th
esis
an
d
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
a
s
u
r
v
ey
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
t
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
cr
e
ativ
ity
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics
teac
h
er
s
.
T
h
at
is
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
STE
M
-
b
ased
d
ig
ital
to
o
ls
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
h
ad
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
cr
ea
tiv
ity
o
f
f
u
t
u
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics
teac
h
er
s
.
T
ab
le
5
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
o
u
tc
o
m
es
o
f
an
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
s
elec
tiv
e
t
-
test
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
ef
f
i
ca
cy
o
f
th
e
STE
M
k
n
o
wled
g
e
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
th
e
r
ea
lm
o
f
tr
ib
o
l
o
g
y
.
T
h
is
ev
alu
atio
n
was
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
ed
u
tili
zin
g
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
d
esig
n
ed
t
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
cr
e
ativ
ity
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics tea
ch
er
s
ac
r
o
s
s
b
o
th
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
Fro
m
th
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
v
iew
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
th
er
e
was
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
s
tatis
tical
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
et
wee
n
th
e
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t,
th
at
i
s
,
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
o
n
e
af
ter
c
o
m
p
letin
g
th
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
(
M=
4
.
5
,
SD=0
.
3
5
)
an
d
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
s
(
M=
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.
5
,
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.
4
0
)
:
t
(
8
4
)
=9
.
1
0
,
p
<.
0
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1
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
in
a
v
er
ag
e
v
alu
es
is
0
.
8
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
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c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Usi
n
g
d
ig
ita
l to
o
ls
in
S
TEM
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
th
e
imp
a
ct
o
n
s
t
u
d
en
t c
r
ea
tivity
in
th
e
…
(
Мa
z
h
yn
S
k
a
ko
v
)
595
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
e
d
,
th
e
H
2
h
y
p
o
th
esis
was
r
ef
u
ted
.
T
h
at
is
,
ac
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
a
p
o
s
t
-
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
s
u
r
v
e
y
o
f
3
r
d
y
e
ar
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
th
er
e
was
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
in
th
e
in
d
i
ca
to
r
s
o
f
cr
ea
tiv
ity
b
etwe
en
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
an
d
t
h
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
.
As
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ject,
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
a
s
tu
d
y
b
ased
o
n
STE
M
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
p
h
y
s
ics
s
h
o
wed
t
h
e
d
y
n
am
ics
o
f
g
r
o
wth
in
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
r
ea
d
in
ess
to
s
tu
d
y
in
a
n
ew
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
f
o
r
m
at,
u
n
lik
e
o
th
e
r
s
tu
d
ies.
T
ab
le
5
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
a
p
air
e
d
s
elec
tiv
e
t
-
test
b
ased
o
n
th
e
cr
ea
tiv
ity
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
G
r
o
u
p
M
S
D
Le
v
e
n
e
’
s
t
e
st
t
-
t
e
s
t
F
p
t
df
p
(
2
-
t
a
i
l
e
d
)
MD
C
r
e
a
t
i
v
i
t
y
EG
4
.
5
0
.
3
5
0
.
4
0
0
.
5
0
9
.
1
0
84
<
.
0
0
1
*
0
.
8
5
CG
3
.
5
0
.
4
0
Ass
es
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
in
n
o
v
ati
v
e
r
ea
d
in
ess
f
o
r
p
h
y
s
ics
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
th
e
d
ig
ital
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
[
3
0
]
–
[
3
2
]
.
N
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
r
esear
ch
er
s
[
3
3
]
–
[
3
6
]
wh
o
h
av
e
d
elv
e
d
in
to
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
cr
ea
tiv
ity
am
o
n
g
f
u
tu
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics
s
p
ec
ialis
ts
ass
e
r
t
th
at
cr
ea
tiv
ity
is
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ed
b
y
a
co
n
s
tellatio
n
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
ality
tr
aits
ev
id
en
t
in
th
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
en
d
ea
v
o
r
s
an
d
in
th
e
p
u
r
s
u
it o
f
n
o
v
el
o
u
tco
m
es with
in
th
e
d
o
m
ain
o
f
p
h
y
s
ics k
n
o
wled
g
e.
I
t
is
also
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
cite
th
e
wo
r
k
s
o
f
s
cien
tis
ts
s
tu
d
y
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
teac
h
in
g
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
lin
e
“
in
d
u
s
tr
y
4
.
0
”
an
d
t
h
er
eb
y
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics
teac
h
er
s
as
cr
ea
tiv
e
p
er
s
o
n
alities
in
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ac
tiv
ities
[
3
7
]
,
[
3
8
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
also
s
h
o
w
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
r
ea
d
in
ess
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics
teac
h
er
s
f
o
r
d
ig
ital
liter
ac
y
in
tr
ib
o
lo
g
y
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
th
eir
lev
e
l
o
f
cr
ea
tiv
ity
an
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
attitu
d
e
to
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ac
tiv
ities
tu
r
n
ed
o
u
t to
b
e
h
i
g
h
an
d
th
ey
a
r
e
s
u
f
f
i
cien
tly
p
r
ep
a
r
ed
to
u
s
e
d
ig
ital e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
“
Ph
y
s
ical
Fu
n
d
am
en
tals
o
f
T
r
ib
o
lo
g
y
”
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
On
th
e
b
asis
o
f
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
a
n
d
q
u
alitativ
e
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
s
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
co
u
r
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies
o
f
teac
h
in
g
th
e
f
ield
o
f
tr
ib
o
lo
g
y
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
o
f
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
p
h
y
s
ics
wer
e
id
en
tifie
d
.
C
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
at
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
cr
ea
tiv
ity
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics
teac
h
er
s
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
t
r
ib
o
lo
g
y
h
as
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
wo
r
ld
s
ci
en
ce
an
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
a
c
o
u
r
s
e
o
n
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
tr
ib
o
lo
g
y
was
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
t
o
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
c
o
u
r
s
e,
STE
M
-
b
ased
d
i
g
ital
to
o
ls
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
,
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
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e
f
f
ec
tiv
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i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
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o
f
th
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
teac
h
in
g
an
d
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t o
f
c
r
ea
tiv
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o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics tea
ch
er
s
.
T
o
d
ev
elo
p
th
e
cr
ea
tiv
ity
o
f
f
u
tu
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics
teac
h
er
s
,
a
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
ex
p
er
im
en
t
was
co
n
d
u
cted
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
ef
f
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tiv
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f
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ital
to
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p
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t
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
tr
i
b
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
a
ce
r
tain
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
i
n
th
e
le
v
els
o
f
p
r
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f
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al
ac
ti
v
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f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
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e
n
t
al
g
r
o
u
p
s
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
ac
tical
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
i
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
th
e
c
r
ea
tio
n
o
f
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
p
h
y
s
ics
teac
h
er
s
to
s
tr
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f
o
r
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
k
n
o
wled
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e
,
th
e
d
ev
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p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
d
id
a
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m
o
d
el
f
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th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
STE
M
d
is
cip
lin
es
in
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
o
f
p
h
y
s
ics.
Als
o
,
th
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
f
o
r
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
cr
ea
tiv
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,
t
h
er
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y
in
cr
e
asin
g
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
h
u
m
an
ca
p
ital.
ACK
NO
WL
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DG
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M
E
NT
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T
h
is
r
esear
ch
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f
u
n
d
e
d
b
y
th
e
Scien
ce
C
o
m
m
ittee
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th
e
Mi
n
is
tr
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f
Scien
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: A
P1
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8
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;
AP1
9
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7
9
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)
.
RE
F
E
R
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NC
E
S
[
1
]
H
.
Za
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3
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A
.
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n
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sso
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a
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.
[
4
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.
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t
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sy
k
,
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h
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sse
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f
p
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m
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n
c
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n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s,
”
Ac
a
d
e
m
i
c
N
o
t
e
s
S
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r
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s
Pe
d
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.
[
5
]
S
.
Z.
R
a
ma
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k
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E.
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.
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.
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f
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[
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B
.
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.
B
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Ph
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.
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:
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1
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
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&
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c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
589
-
597
596
[
7
]
S
.
D
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w
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.
P
.
S
u
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,
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n
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A
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y
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d
i
,
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v
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sci
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[
8
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A
.
R
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,
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.
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.
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[
9
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A
.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.