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.
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S
o
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e
m
o
ti
o
n
a
l
s
k
il
ls
a
re
c
ru
c
ial
in
lea
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g
p
ro
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e
s
a
n
d
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d
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m
ic
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rm
a
n
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s,
b
u
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se
a
rc
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in
th
i
s
field
a
m
o
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g
c
o
ll
e
g
e
stu
d
e
n
ts,
e
sp
e
c
ially
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m
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t
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a
m
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se
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sp
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k
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a
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n
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n
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li
s
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a
s
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h
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s
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d
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s
k
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sa
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m
a
j
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fro
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tn
a
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s
u
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d
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y
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su
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sh
o
w
th
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th
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g
ro
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a
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a
d
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Vie
t
n
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m
a
n
d
b
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d
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K
ey
w
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r
d
s
:
C
o
m
p
o
n
en
t
E
FL
s
tu
d
en
t
Sk
ills
So
cio
-
em
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tio
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Su
b
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
T
h
is i
s
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ss
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CC B
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li
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C
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r
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s
p
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A
uth
o
r
:
Do
Min
h
Hu
n
g
Fo
r
eig
n
L
an
g
u
ag
es Fac
u
lty
,
D
o
n
g
T
h
ap
Un
iv
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r
s
ity
7
8
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Ph
am
H
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u
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u
,
W
ar
d
6
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C
ao
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h
C
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Do
n
g
T
h
ap
,
Vietn
am
E
m
ail: d
m
h
u
n
g
@
d
th
u
.
ed
u
.
v
n
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
C
las
s
r
o
o
m
-
b
ased
r
esear
ch
in
s
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em
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n
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k
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n
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er
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ed
f
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n
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am
en
tally
b
y
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i.e
.
,
th
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ab
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to
p
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h
a
n
d
le
em
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d
m
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s
p
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o
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r
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tly
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a
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o
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T
h
e
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ch
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a
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r
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wth
alo
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s
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iev
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ts
[
1
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,
[
2
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.
W
ith
th
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in
m
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d
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th
e
p
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s
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d
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attem
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t
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p
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o
b
e
th
ese
co
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r
n
s
with
s
p
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en
ce
to
Vietn
am
ese
E
n
g
lis
h
as
a
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
a
g
e
(
E
FL)
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
o
cio
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cu
ltu
r
al
c
h
ar
ac
ter
izatio
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s
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d
lear
n
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g
s
p
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if
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s
.
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i
r
s
t
o
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all,
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e
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
r
am
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r
k
r
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em
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s
k
i
lls
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d
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ea
s
o
n
s
f
o
r
i
n
co
r
p
o
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ati
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g
th
ese
s
k
ills
in
to
r
eg
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n
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g
p
r
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r
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s
ar
e
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ted
in
th
e
f
o
llo
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s
.
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al
s
k
ills
ar
e
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
two
u
n
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er
s
ally
b
r
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ad
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
:
th
e
s
elf
an
d
th
e
o
th
er
s
[
1
]
–
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
s
elf
p
r
im
ar
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c
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tain
s
s
elf
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o
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in
v
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s
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r
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Self
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tial a
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o
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as
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A
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I
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J
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&
R
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d
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c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
739
-
748
740
em
o
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s
k
ills
,
th
e
o
th
er
s
em
b
r
ac
e
em
p
ath
y
(
o
r
s
o
cial
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
)
an
d
s
o
cial
s
k
ills
(
o
r
s
o
cial
u
tili
za
t
io
n
s
/m
an
ip
u
latio
n
s
)
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
o
n
a
g
r
o
wth
-
o
p
en
m
in
d
s
et
.
E
m
p
at
h
y
(
i.e
.
,
s
o
c
io
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
en
s
itiv
ity
an
d
ex
p
r
ess
iv
ity
)
f
u
n
d
am
en
tally
p
r
o
m
o
tes
p
eo
p
le
ex
tr
in
s
ically
to
ca
p
tu
r
e,
d
ec
o
d
e,
an
d
m
ak
e
g
o
o
d
in
ter
p
r
etati
o
n
s
o
f
o
th
er
s
ar
o
u
n
d
th
em
(
e.
g
.
,
f
a
m
ily
m
em
b
er
s
,
r
elativ
es,
an
d
f
r
ien
d
s
)
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
eir
em
o
tio
n
al
s
tates,
s
p
o
n
tan
eo
u
s
m
o
o
d
s
,
c
o
n
ce
r
n
s
,
n
ee
d
s
,
f
ee
lin
g
s
,
attitu
d
es,
an
d
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es/v
ie
ws.
E
s
p
ec
ially
,
it
is
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
ex
p
er
ien
ce
wh
at
o
th
er
s
s
u
f
f
er
a
n
d
f
ee
l
lik
e
th
at
p
ain
is
h
ap
p
en
in
g
to
o
n
e
v
ia
ac
tiv
atin
g
s
im
ilar
em
o
tio
n
s
an
d
s
en
s
atio
n
s
.
On
to
p
o
f
t
h
at,
em
p
ath
y
lead
s
p
eo
p
le
to
tak
e
p
r
o
-
s
o
cial
b
eh
a
v
io
r
s
to
r
ed
u
ce
s
u
f
f
er
in
g
a
n
d
l
aten
t
p
ain
s
.
So
cial
s
k
ills
in
tell
ig
en
ce
en
ab
les
o
n
e
as
a
s
o
cially
r
o
le
-
p
lay
in
g
in
ter
lo
cu
to
r
/in
v
o
lv
e
d
s
u
b
je
ct
to
well
r
eg
u
late
m
u
lti
p
le
r
elatio
n
s
an
d
in
ter
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
s
with
o
th
er
p
eo
p
le
ar
o
u
n
d
.
T
h
o
s
e
with
h
ig
h
,
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
well
-
tr
ain
e
d
s
o
c
ial
s
k
ills
ar
e
tactf
u
l
,
s
elf
-
co
n
f
id
en
t,
s
o
cially
ad
e
p
t
,
an
d
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
.
T
h
ey
ap
p
ea
r
to
b
e
ass
er
tiv
ely
s
k
illed
,
ac
tiv
ely
in
itiate
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
s
ef
f
o
r
tles
s
ly
wit
h
b
o
th
ac
q
u
ain
tan
ce
s
an
d
s
tr
an
g
er
s
,
an
d
v
o
liti
o
n
ally
lis
ten
to
o
th
er
p
eo
p
le'
s
v
o
ices.
T
h
ey
also
m
ak
e
atte
m
p
ts
to
s
ettle
p
o
s
s
ib
le
co
n
f
licts
an
d
jo
in
tly
p
r
o
ce
e
d
to
war
d
s
s
h
ar
ed
g
o
als
an
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
g
r
o
wth
,
b
o
th
at
in
d
iv
id
u
al,
co
llectiv
e,
an
d
cr
o
s
s
-
cu
ltu
r
al
lev
els.
Gr
o
u
n
d
in
g
o
n
th
ese
s
o
cially
em
o
tio
n
al
r
eg
u
latio
n
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
es,
p
r
o
-
s
o
cial
ac
ts
o
f
v
o
lu
n
teer
in
g
,
ch
ar
ity
,
co
m
m
u
n
al
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
,
ca
r
eg
iv
in
g
,
an
d
s
o
o
n
ar
e
lik
el
y
to
tak
e
p
lace
a
n
d
r
ec
u
r
f
r
e
q
u
en
tly
,
m
ea
n
i
n
g
f
u
lly
,
an
d
ap
p
r
o
v
in
g
l
y
,
esp
ec
ially
in
Vietn
am
’
s
lo
n
g
-
estab
lis
h
e
d
cu
ltu
r
al
r
u
les
an
d
n
o
r
m
s
a
t
lar
g
e
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
On
th
e
c
o
n
tr
ar
y
,
ag
g
r
ess
iv
e
co
n
d
u
ct
an
d
an
tis
o
cial
b
eh
av
io
r
s
s
u
ch
as
s
o
cial
-
m
ed
ia
ter
r
o
r
is
m
,
b
u
lly
in
g
,
f
ir
e
-
s
ettin
g
,
h
u
m
an
tr
af
f
ic
k
in
g
,
h
o
s
tili
ty
,
ag
g
r
ess
io
n
,
cr
u
elty
,
an
d
ass
au
lts
ar
e
d
im
in
is
h
ed
o
r
h
ar
d
l
y
f
in
d
th
ei
r
p
lace
.
T
h
u
s
,
p
r
ag
m
atica
lly
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
lear
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
em
o
tio
n
al
liter
ac
y
is
to
r
ea
ch
tr
u
e
h
u
m
a
n
v
alu
es
an
d
q
u
ality
o
f
life
,
m
ak
in
g
ev
er
y
s
in
g
le
o
n
e’
s
life
wo
r
th
liv
in
g
.
I
n
o
th
e
r
wo
r
d
s
,
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
p
r
o
v
id
e
u
s
with
v
alid
,
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
m
ed
iatin
g
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
to
ev
o
lv
e
h
is
to
r
ically
an
d
liv
e
b
etter
with
th
e
f
u
lles
t e
n
jo
y
m
en
t o
f
life
.
I
n
v
esti
g
ativ
e
attem
p
ts
in
th
is
r
eg
ar
d
h
av
e
s
o
f
ar
r
e
p
ea
ted
ly
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ted
r
o
b
u
s
t
b
en
ef
its
f
r
o
m
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
lear
n
i
n
g
.
T
h
ese
b
e
n
ef
its
co
v
er
b
o
th
ac
a
d
em
ic
a
n
d
n
o
n
-
ac
ad
e
m
ic
asp
ec
ts
attac
h
ed
to
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
o
m
ain
s
in
lear
n
in
g
a
n
d
teac
h
i
n
g
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
e
f
o
ll
o
win
g
ar
e
ty
p
ical
b
en
ef
its
;
i)
Aca
d
em
ic
s
u
cc
ess
[
1
]
–
[
1
1
]
:
Stu
d
en
ts
ac
q
u
ir
e
co
g
n
itiv
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
en
t,
s
elf
-
tr
u
s
t,
s
elf
-
co
n
f
id
en
ce
/ef
f
icac
y
,
an
d
s
u
s
tain
ed
co
m
m
itm
en
ts
f
o
r
o
n
g
o
in
g
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
s
;
ii)
Attitu
d
es:
[
1
]
,
[
6
]
,
[
8
]
,
[
1
6
]
:
Stu
d
en
ts
ar
e
in
ter
n
alize
d
to
r
esp
ec
t,
h
o
n
o
r
,
a
p
p
r
ec
iate,
a
n
d
ea
r
n
th
e
co
r
e
v
alu
es o
f
f
r
ee
d
o
m
,
s
elf
-
r
ef
lect
io
n
,
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
th
in
k
i
n
g
,
cr
it
ical
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
,
r
esil
ien
ce
,
an
d
r
ef
in
em
e
n
t;
iii)
Sk
ills
[
2
]
,
[
7
]
,
[
1
1
]
:
Stu
d
e
n
ts
ar
e
well
-
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
co
m
p
le
x
an
d
g
lo
b
alize
d
wo
r
ld
o
f
in
ter
cu
ltu
r
al
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es,
in
clu
s
iv
e
-
d
iv
er
s
e
p
r
ac
tices,
g
lo
b
al
co
h
esio
n
,
an
d
m
u
tu
al
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
to
d
ea
l
with
m
u
ltip
le
u
n
p
r
ec
ed
en
te
d
f
ea
r
s
an
d
s
o
lv
e
g
l
o
b
al
p
r
o
b
lem
s
tim
ely
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
;
iv
)
Pro
-
s
o
cial
ac
ts
/b
eh
av
io
r
s
[
1
]
,
[
6
]
,
[
8
]
,
[
1
2
]
:
Sch
o
o
l
co
n
ten
t
c
u
ltu
r
e
f
o
r
s
o
cial
ac
tiv
ities
is
v
alid
ly
f
o
u
n
d
e
d
.
T
h
ese
in
clu
d
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
in
ter
r
elatio
n
s
,
in
ter
d
e
p
en
d
en
ce
s
,
b
elo
n
g
i
n
g
,
tr
u
s
tf
u
l
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
,
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
id
e
n
titi
es,
eth
ic
co
d
es,
p
r
ac
tice
co
m
m
u
n
ity
,
s
ch
o
o
l
a
g
en
cies,
a
n
d
s
tr
o
n
g
r
esil
ien
ce
at
all
lev
els
(
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
h
ar
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
teac
h
er
-
teac
h
er
,
teac
h
er
-
s
tu
d
en
t,
s
tu
d
en
t
-
s
tu
d
e
n
t)
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
o
s
e
p
o
lar
ized
,
o
f
f
e
n
s
iv
e,
o
r
ex
tr
e
m
is
t
b
eh
av
io
r
s
s
u
ch
as
v
er
b
al
v
io
len
ce
,
ag
g
r
ess
io
n
,
b
u
lly
in
g
,
an
d
f
ig
h
tin
g
.
ar
e
m
itig
ated
o
r
elim
in
ated
,
an
d
v)
Ped
ag
o
g
ical
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
,
in
ter
-
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
,
[
8
]
:
T
ea
ch
er
s
ar
e
en
co
u
r
ag
ed
to
g
eth
er
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
i
n
in
itiatin
g
an
d
cu
ltiv
atin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
,
an
d
civ
ic
attitu
d
es
in
o
n
e
way
o
r
an
o
t
h
er
.
As
a
co
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
,
wh
en
s
o
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
ar
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
ef
u
lly
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ted
an
d
s
h
ar
p
en
ed
in
s
ch
o
o
l
-
b
ased
s
ettin
g
s
,
it
will
lik
ely
s
et
a
n
ew
lig
h
t
o
n
ed
u
c
atin
g
lear
n
er
s
h
o
lis
tically
an
d
s
ec
u
r
in
g
a
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
co
g
n
itiv
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
af
f
ec
tiv
e
wellb
ein
g
.
T
h
is
u
ltima
tely
im
p
lies
th
at
o
n
ce
m
atu
r
ed
in
t
h
is
r
eg
ar
d
,
p
eo
p
le
in
g
e
n
er
al
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
p
ar
ticu
lar
ar
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tiv
ely
em
p
o
wer
ed
to
c
o
n
f
i
d
en
tly
,
p
r
o
ac
tiv
ely
,
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
a
n
d
s
o
lv
e
life
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
p
er
s
o
n
ally
,
co
llectiv
ely
,
an
d
b
ey
o
n
d
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
lear
n
in
g
v
iab
l
y
g
en
er
ates
en
o
r
m
o
u
s
b
en
ef
its
,
th
is
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
-
b
ased
lin
e
o
f
r
esear
ch
is
s
till
f
ar
f
r
o
m
s
u
f
f
icien
t
in
Asi
an
co
u
n
tr
ies
[
1
]
,
[
4
]
–
[
6
]
lik
e
Vietn
am
,
esp
ec
ially
wh
er
e
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
lear
n
in
g
s
ettin
g
estab
lis
h
es
a
g
o
o
d
p
lay
g
r
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
to
b
e
lear
n
ed
,
p
r
ac
ticed
,
an
d
f
lo
u
r
is
h
ed
t
o
war
d
s
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Mea
s
u
r
in
g
V
ietn
a
mese
-
s
p
ea
k
in
g
E
n
g
lis
h
a
s
a
fo
r
eig
n
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
…
(
D
o
Min
h
Hu
n
g
)
741
well
-
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
h
u
m
an
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
g
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
is
s
et
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
th
e
m
e
o
f
s
o
ci
o
-
em
o
tio
n
al
tr
ain
in
g
in
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
Vietn
am
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
lan
d
s
ca
p
e.
L
i
k
e
o
t
h
er
co
u
n
tr
ies
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
wo
r
l
d
[
1
]
,
[
5
]
,
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
p
o
s
t
-
C
o
v
id
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
c
h
ap
ter
p
r
ese
n
tly
p
o
s
es
m
u
ltip
le
ch
allen
g
es
to
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
teac
h
er
s
,
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
n
o
t
o
n
ly
i
n
th
e
in
tellectu
al
s
p
h
er
e
f
o
r
g
r
o
wth
b
u
t
also
in
th
e
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
s
p
ac
e,
m
en
tal
h
ea
lth
,
s
o
cial
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
s
k
ills
o
n
b
o
th
tr
ad
itio
n
al
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
an
d
v
ir
tu
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
[
1
9
]
–
[
2
1
]
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
r
esear
ch
o
n
s
o
cio
-
em
o
t
io
n
al
lear
n
in
g
s
h
o
u
ld
s
tay
aliv
e
an
d
u
n
d
er
wa
y
to
h
elp
s
tu
d
en
ts
d
ev
elo
p
cr
u
cia
l
s
k
ills
f
ac
in
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
lif
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
esp
ec
ially
in
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
ettin
g
o
f
Vietn
am
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
it
is
r
e
aso
n
ab
ly
a
r
g
u
e
d
th
at
th
o
s
e
wi
th
h
ig
h
s
o
cio
-
e
m
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
a
r
e
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
b
e
c
o
m
e
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
v
e
i
n
s
p
i
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
t
o
o
t
h
e
r
s
f
o
r
m
u
t
u
a
l
t
r
u
s
t
,
g
o
o
d
w
i
l
l
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
-
s
o
c
i
a
l
a
c
t
s
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
,
[
5
]
,
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
is
n
ec
ess
ar
i
ly
h
elp
f
u
l
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
o
b
tain
e
d
r
esu
lts
ar
e
to
em
p
ir
ically
p
in
p
o
in
t
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
lev
el
(
th
e
2
0
2
3
-
2
0
2
4
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
)
o
f
Vietn
am
es
e
-
s
p
ea
k
in
g
E
FL
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
o
c
io
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
.
T
h
er
eb
y
,
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
class
r
o
o
m
-
b
ased
tr
ain
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
c
o
u
ld
b
e
in
h
e
r
en
tly
an
d
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
ely
p
r
o
jecte
d
f
o
r
class
r
o
o
m
p
r
ac
tices
tailo
r
ed
t
o
o
u
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
lear
n
in
g
/teac
h
i
n
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
o
f
ad
m
in
is
tr
ativ
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
,
cu
ltu
r
al
v
alu
es,
a
n
d
i
n
v
o
lv
e
d
lear
n
er
s
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
I
n
th
e
e
p
is
tem
o
lo
g
ical
s
en
s
e,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
also
h
elp
s
co
n
test
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
o
f
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
en
tr
y
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
p
ac
e,
wh
er
e
it
i
s
s
til
l
f
ar
f
r
o
m
an
ex
h
au
s
tiv
e,
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
s
co
p
e
o
f
b
r
ea
d
th
an
d
d
ep
th
s
cr
u
tin
iz
ed
[
1
]
,
[
7
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
6
]
lo
ca
ll
y
an
d
g
lo
b
ally
.
As
th
eo
r
etica
lly
s
y
n
th
esized
an
d
o
u
tlin
ed
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
its
v
iab
le
lear
n
in
g
ad
v
a
n
tag
es,
s
o
cio
-
e
m
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
ar
e
m
o
r
e
o
r
less
s
er
v
in
g
as
a
p
r
e
d
icto
r
an
d
a
d
ir
ec
tly
m
ed
iatin
g
d
r
iv
er
to
war
d
s
ac
ad
em
ic
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
(
i)
an
d
o
th
er
in
h
er
en
t
h
u
m
a
n
v
al
u
es
o
r
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
-
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
c
r
ed
its
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
(
ii)
–
(
v
)
in
th
e
2
1
st
ce
n
t
u
r
y
’
s
wo
r
ld
an
d
f
u
r
t
h
er
in
th
e
h
u
m
an
h
is
to
r
ical
life
lin
e.
Hig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
s
o
cio
-
e
m
o
tio
n
al
lear
n
in
g
to
h
u
m
an
b
ein
g
s
,
C
h
o
wk
ase
[
1
]
p
o
s
ited
th
at
“
e
m
o
tio
n
s
a
r
e
a
r
ich
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
o
n
eself
a
n
d
o
th
er
s
,
wh
ich
ca
n
h
elp
e
x
p
a
n
d
o
u
r
cir
cle
o
f
c
o
n
ce
r
n
.
A
d
d
itio
n
ally
,
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
d
in
g
t
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
o
u
r
em
o
tio
n
s
o
n
o
th
er
s
an
d
v
ice
v
er
s
a
ca
n
h
elp
p
r
ev
en
t e
m
o
tio
n
al
h
ar
m
f
r
o
m
b
ei
n
g
in
f
licted
o
n
eith
er
p
a
r
ty
.
”
An
o
th
er
ju
s
tific
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
is
th
at
m
o
s
t
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
d
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
an
d
ac
a
d
e
m
ic
d
im
en
s
io
n
,
b
u
t
v
er
y
f
ew
p
er
tin
en
t
wo
r
k
s
[
1
]
,
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
,
[
2
2
]
–
[
2
4
]
d
elib
er
ately
o
r
d
ee
p
ly
d
is
ce
r
n
p
er
ce
iv
e
d
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
o
r
th
e
in
ter
p
lay
b
et
wee
n
th
e
two
co
r
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
th
e
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
o
f
th
e
s
elf
an
d
th
e
o
th
er
s
as
well
as
attac
h
ed
s
u
b
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
r
d
is
cr
ete
d
o
m
ain
s
:
s
elf
-
awa
r
en
ess
,
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
s
elf
-
u
ti
lizatio
n
,
em
p
ath
y
,
an
d
s
o
ci
al
s
k
ills
.
T
o
o
u
r
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
d
etailed
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
ab
o
u
t
th
ese
is
s
u
es
is
s
till
f
ar
f
r
o
m
s
u
f
f
icien
t
in
t
h
e
ex
i
s
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
[
2
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
esp
ec
ially
a
p
p
lied
t
o
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
E
n
g
lis
h
as
a
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
ag
e,
wh
o
h
a
v
e
to
u
n
d
er
g
o
lo
n
g
an
d
s
ev
er
al
d
y
n
am
ic,
co
m
p
le
x
lin
g
u
is
tic
asp
ec
ts
an
d
lear
n
in
g
p
h
ases
d
is
tin
ctiv
e
f
r
o
m
th
o
s
e
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
o
f
o
th
er
ca
r
ee
r
-
o
r
ien
ted
d
is
cip
lin
es
[4
]
.
Ad
d
it
io
n
ally
,
o
u
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
lear
n
in
g
s
ettin
g
co
n
s
tan
tly
ex
p
o
s
es
E
FL
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
a
h
ig
h
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
in
ter
ac
tin
g
with
o
th
er
s
(
clo
s
e
f
r
ien
d
s
,
p
ee
r
s
,
a
n
d
teac
h
e
r
s
)
u
s
in
g
th
e
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
a
g
e
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
an
d
o
u
ts
id
e.
E
m
p
ir
i
ca
lly
,
wh
en
it
c
o
m
es
to
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
lear
n
in
g
,
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
r
atio
n
all
y
an
d
im
p
er
ativ
el
y
n
ee
d
to
d
ec
en
tly
cu
ltiv
ate
an
d
ex
er
cise
th
ese
b
asic
s
o
cial
s
k
ills
in
d
aily
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
in
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
en
co
u
n
ter
s
at
least
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
as
m
u
c
h
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le
in
th
e
m
ed
iatin
g
f
o
r
m
o
f
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
g
r
o
u
p
/p
air
w
o
r
k
[
1
6
]
,
[
2
5
]
–
[
3
2
]
,
w
h
er
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
a
v
e
m
u
c
h
s
o
cial
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
o
f
s
h
ar
i
n
g
an
d
tak
i
n
g
tu
r
n
s
.
W
ith
th
o
s
e
p
r
ac
tical
f
o
r
eg
o
i
n
g
elem
en
ts
ass
o
ciate
d
with
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
is
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
in
ten
d
ed
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
cu
r
r
e
n
t so
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
b
y
p
o
s
in
g
two
co
r
e
g
u
id
in
g
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
i)
At
wh
at
lev
el
ar
e
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
le
g
r
o
u
p
,
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
th
e
two
c
o
r
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
th
e
s
elf
an
d
th
e
o
th
er
s
?
ii)
W
h
at
ar
e
laten
t
g
ap
s
o
r
d
is
cr
e
p
an
cies
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
co
r
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
a
n
d
am
o
n
g
th
e
s
u
b
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
ex
p
o
s
ed
b
y
th
e
s
am
p
le
g
r
o
u
p
?
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
des
ig
n pha
s
e
B
ased
o
n
th
e
v
alid
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
[
1
]
–
[
1
6
]
f
o
r
g
u
id
a
n
ce
,
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
tu
d
y
was
q
u
alitativ
ely
f
r
am
ed
as
th
e
in
itial,
n
ec
ess
ar
y
p
ar
t
o
f
a
lar
g
er
,
l
o
n
g
itu
d
in
al
r
esear
ch
o
n
co
n
cr
ete
d
is
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
at
a
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
in
Vietn
am
,
wh
er
e
th
e
r
e
was
n
o
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
wo
r
k
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
is
th
em
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
o
f
f
icially
,
esp
ec
ially
am
o
n
g
th
e
tar
g
et
s
tu
d
en
t
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
Sin
ce
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
team
was
all
s
p
ec
ialized
in
E
FL
teac
h
in
g
,
th
is
q
u
alitativ
e
s
u
r
v
ey
was
co
n
d
u
cted
in
v
o
lv
in
g
6
1
5
E
FL
-
m
ajo
r
ed
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
esear
c
h
-
s
ite
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
is
lar
g
er
t
h
an
5
0
0
,
wh
ich
is
ac
ce
p
ted
as
an
ad
e
q
u
ate
s
am
p
le
s
ize
f
o
r
a
q
u
alitativ
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
tu
d
y
[
3
3
]
–
[
3
6
]
.
T
h
e
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
all
f
u
ll
-
tim
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
2
0
2
3
to
2
0
2
4
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
,
ag
e
d
b
et
wee
n
1
8
to
2
4
,
s
p
ea
k
in
g
Vietn
am
ese
as
th
e
f
ir
s
t
lan
g
u
ag
e
an
d
(
at
t
h
e
tim
e
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
)
m
o
s
tly
co
m
m
an
d
i
n
g
a
n
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
in
ter
m
ed
iate
E
n
g
lis
h
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
lev
el
[
3
7
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
y
alm
o
s
t
s
h
ar
ed
th
e
en
tire
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
h
is
t
o
r
ically
in
th
is
Asi
an
-
cu
ltu
r
e
co
u
n
tr
y
q
u
ite
r
ec
en
tly
(
p
r
im
ar
y
to
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
)
b
ef
o
r
e
en
ter
in
g
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
f
o
r
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
co
n
v
en
ie
n
t
h
o
m
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
tar
g
et
g
r
o
u
p
was
ch
o
s
en
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
s
u
r
v
ey
ed
r
esu
lts
wer
e
d
ee
m
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
ely
g
u
id
e
th
e
r
es
ea
r
ch
team
f
o
r
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
739
-
748
742
n
ex
t
s
tep
s
o
f
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
ac
ti
o
n
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
we
will
p
r
o
ject
to
r
u
n
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
lea
r
n
in
g
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
o
f
co
n
cr
ete
p
r
ac
tices
ad
eq
u
at
ely
s
u
b
o
r
d
in
atin
g
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
co
n
ten
t
o
f
E
FL
co
u
r
s
es
u
n
d
e
r
tak
en
b
y
th
is
tar
g
et
g
r
o
u
p
in
t
h
eir
r
e
g
u
lar
tr
ai
n
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
ch
ed
u
les
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
in
ten
d
e
d
p
o
p
u
latio
n
at
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
.
Su
c
h
a
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ill
-
d
ev
elo
p
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as
y
et
to
b
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
at
th
is
in
s
titu
tio
n
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
f
o
r
th
is
E
FL
m
ajo
r
s
tu
d
en
t
p
o
p
u
lati
o
n
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
d
r
awn
o
n
E
n
g
lis
h
in
p
u
t
m
ater
ials
th
ese
r
eg
u
lar
co
u
r
s
es
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
u
s
ly
d
ep
lo
y
E
n
g
lis
h
in
p
u
t
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
o
f
s
o
cio
-
e
m
o
tio
n
al
lear
n
in
g
d
i
v
er
s
ely
an
d
d
ig
itally
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
f
o
r
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
ir
s
t,
we
n
ee
d
ed
to
f
u
ll
y
an
d
d
elib
er
ately
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
lev
el
o
f
th
e
tar
g
et
p
o
p
u
latio
n
’
s
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
as
s
o
ciate
d
with
cr
itically
v
alid
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
b
ef
o
r
e
m
o
v
in
g
in
to
th
e
p
r
ac
tice
p
h
ases
.
T
h
at
s
aid
,
at
th
is
p
o
in
t,
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
e
d
e
s
ig
n
in
g
was
ess
en
tial
a
s
a
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
p
h
ase
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
p
h
ases
tar
g
eted
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
n
o
w
s
ev
er
al
r
elev
an
t
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
ca
les
av
ai
lab
le
f
o
r
u
s
e
[
7
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
6
]
,
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
team
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ed
jo
i
n
tly
s
elf
-
d
esig
n
in
g
a
n
ew
o
n
e
b
ec
au
s
e
we
aim
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
a
n
e
as
y
-
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
s
e
l
f
-
r
ep
o
r
t
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t,
wh
ic
h
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
p
r
o
v
id
ed
en
o
u
g
h
em
p
ir
ical
p
r
e
m
is
es
f
o
r
th
e
n
ex
t
p
h
ases
o
f
o
u
r
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
r
es
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
ject
o
f
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
tr
ain
in
g
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
o
n
E
FL
ed
u
ca
tio
n
at
th
is
Asi
an
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
ab
o
u
t
its
f
o
r
m
ally
-
estab
lis
h
ed
s
ettin
g
s
,
co
r
e
civ
ic
v
alu
es,
an
d
s
o
cio
-
cu
ltu
r
al
n
o
r
m
s
alo
n
g
s
id
e
th
e
r
elev
an
t
l
iter
atu
r
e
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
,
[
5
]
–
[
7
]
,
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
d
elib
er
ately
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
an
d
s
et
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
th
e
tar
g
et
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
ca
le.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
we
k
n
o
win
g
ly
d
ef
in
ed
th
at
ea
ch
s
in
g
le
item
in
th
e
s
ca
le
was
ex
p
ec
te
d
to
u
n
am
b
ig
u
o
u
s
ly
r
e
p
r
esen
t
o
n
e
s
o
cio
-
e
m
o
tio
n
al
s
u
b
-
s
k
ill
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
o
r
E
FL
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
p
r
ag
m
atic
lear
n
in
g
a
n
d
life
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
On
th
ese
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
p
r
em
is
e
s
,
we
th
en
d
esig
n
ed
,
d
o
u
b
le
-
ch
ec
k
ed
,
a
n
d
cr
o
s
s
-
r
ev
iewe
d
th
e
s
ca
le
v
alid
ity
,
co
h
er
en
ce
,
u
n
am
b
ig
u
o
u
s
n
ess
,
an
d
s
tr
o
n
g
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
we
wo
r
k
ed
o
n
th
e
s
u
b
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
co
n
ten
ts
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
o
r
d
er
in
g
,
an
d
wo
r
d
in
g
o
f
e
v
er
y
s
in
g
le
item
s
h
ap
ed
in
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
e
s
ca
le.
Als
o
,
ea
c
h
o
f
o
u
r
team
m
e
m
b
er
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
ed
n
ea
tly
as
an
in
d
e
p
en
d
en
t
au
d
ito
r
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
s
ca
le’
s
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
Af
ter
th
at,
o
n
p
ilo
tin
g
an
d
o
b
tain
in
g
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
alp
h
a
v
alu
e=
0
.
8
2
as
a
r
eliab
le
o
n
e,
o
u
r
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
ca
le
(
a
p
ar
t
f
r
o
m
ask
in
g
f
o
r
p
er
s
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
ag
e
,
g
e
n
d
er
,
an
d
y
ea
r
s
o
f
E
n
g
lis
h
lear
n
in
g
)
,
c
o
m
p
r
is
es
3
0
s
tatem
en
t
item
s
as
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
ly
,
th
ese
3
0
ite
m
s
ar
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
an
d
am
o
n
g
f
i
v
e
s
u
b
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
E
ac
h
o
f
th
e
item
s
is
im
m
ed
iately
attac
h
ed
b
y
f
am
iliar
ly
a
5
-
o
p
tio
n
s
et
f
o
r
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t’
s
f
r
ee
ch
o
ic
e
r
elate
d
to
th
eir
s
p
ec
if
ic
ca
s
es
p
er
ce
iv
ed
b
y
th
em
s
elv
es.
I
t
ty
p
ically
r
an
g
es
f
r
o
m
“stro
n
g
ly
d
is
ag
r
ee
”
(
1
p
o
in
t
ea
r
n
ed
)
at
o
n
e
en
d
to
“stro
n
g
ly
ag
r
ee
”
(
5
p
o
i
n
ts
ea
r
n
ed
)
at
th
e
o
th
e
r
e
n
d
.
T
ab
le
1
.
So
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
q
u
es
tio
n
n
air
e
s
ca
le
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
S
u
b
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
I
t
e
m N
.
Ex
a
m
p
l
e
g
i
v
e
n
(
i
)
Th
e
s
e
l
f
S
e
l
f
-
a
w
a
r
e
n
e
ss
9
Y
o
u
a
r
e
w
e
l
l
a
w
a
r
e
o
f
y
o
u
r
o
w
n
p
o
si
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
e
m
o
t
i
o
n
s.
S
e
l
f
-
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
5
Lo
o
k
i
n
g
a
t
y
o
u
r
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
s
ser
i
o
u
sl
y
i
s
e
sse
n
t
i
a
l
f
o
r
i
mp
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
t
o
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
r
i
sk
s
o
f
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
e
m
o
t
i
o
n
s
e
m
e
r
g
i
n
g
.
S
e
l
f
-
u
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
6
P
o
si
t
i
v
e
e
mo
t
i
o
n
s
h
e
l
p
y
o
u
r
e
a
s
o
n
smar
t
l
y
a
n
d
ma
k
e
s
o
u
n
d
d
e
c
i
si
o
n
s
f
o
r
c
o
n
t
i
n
g
e
n
t
a
c
t
i
o
n
s.
(
ii
)
T
h
e
o
t
h
e
r
s
Emp
a
t
h
y
5
Y
o
u
c
a
n
e
f
f
o
r
t
l
e
ss
l
y
c
a
p
t
u
r
e
o
t
h
e
r
p
e
o
p
l
e
's
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
e
m
o
t
i
o
n
s
.
S
o
c
i
a
l
sk
i
l
l
s
5
Y
o
u
w
i
l
l
i
n
g
l
y
l
i
s
t
e
n
t
o
o
t
h
e
r
s'
v
o
i
c
e
s,
a
n
d
o
p
i
n
i
o
n
s,
a
n
d
h
o
n
e
st
l
y
sh
a
r
e
y
o
u
r
c
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
i
v
e
i
d
e
a
s wi
t
h
t
h
e
m
.
2
.
2
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n a
nd
a
na
ly
s
is
ph
a
s
e
s
Fo
r
eth
ical
co
n
ce
r
n
s
in
th
e
d
a
ta
co
llectio
n
p
h
ase,
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
a
p
p
r
o
v
al
o
f
f
icially
g
r
an
te
d
b
y
th
is
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
an
d
Fo
r
ei
g
n
L
an
g
u
ag
e
Facu
lty
,
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
team
m
em
b
e
r
s
(
wh
o
ea
c
h
h
as
also
u
n
d
er
tak
e
n
th
e
teac
h
in
g
r
o
le
f
u
ll
-
tim
e)
ca
m
e
in
to
ea
ch
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
cla
s
s
o
f
th
e
s
am
p
le
g
r
o
u
p
an
d
b
r
ief
ly
in
f
o
r
m
ed
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ject
in
ter
m
s
o
f
its
aim
s
,
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
,
in
ten
d
ed
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
h
ases
p
r
o
jecte
d
.
T
h
e
tar
g
et
s
tu
d
en
ts
also
d
id
g
ain
th
e
tr
a
n
s
p
ar
en
t
n
o
tio
n
th
at
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
was
an
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
,
i.e
.
,
n
o
p
er
s
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
was
r
ev
ea
led
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ject
as
well
as
in
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
r
e
p
o
r
t.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
ey
c
o
u
ld
f
r
ee
ly
d
ec
lin
e
to
tak
e
p
ar
t
in
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
u
r
v
ey
b
ec
au
s
e
it
wo
u
l
d
im
p
ac
t
n
o
p
ar
t
o
f
th
eir
lear
n
in
g
ass
ess
m
en
t
(
eith
er
th
e
m
id
-
ter
m
co
u
r
s
e
test
o
r
th
e
en
d
-
co
u
r
s
e
ex
am
in
atio
n
as
u
s
u
al)
.
I
n
o
t
h
er
wo
r
d
s
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
we
r
e
f
r
ee
to
j
o
in
th
e
p
lan
n
ed
s
u
r
v
ey
.
T
h
o
s
e
wh
o
ch
o
s
e
to
p
ar
tak
e
p
r
o
ce
e
d
ed
to
d
o
it
r
ig
h
t
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
an
d
it
to
o
k
th
e
m
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
1
0
m
in
u
tes
to
co
m
p
lete
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
e
s
u
r
v
ey
.
T
h
en
,
all
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
c
o
p
i
es
wer
e
co
llected
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
an
aly
s
is
.
Nex
t,
th
e
wh
o
le
team
jo
in
tly
wo
r
k
ed
o
n
s
cr
u
tin
izin
g
all
r
etu
r
n
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
co
p
ies,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
r
u
n
n
in
g
n
o
r
m
al
s
tatis
tic
te
s
ts
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
SP
SS
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Mea
s
u
r
in
g
V
ietn
a
mese
-
s
p
ea
k
in
g
E
n
g
lis
h
a
s
a
fo
r
eig
n
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
…
(
D
o
Min
h
Hu
n
g
)
743
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
D
e
r
i
v
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
o
u
r
E
F
L
t
e
a
ch
i
n
g
-
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
s
et
t
i
n
g
,
w
h
i
c
h
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
s
s
u
b
s
ta
n
t
i
al
a
n
d
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
s
o
ci
al
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
es
i
n
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
an
d
o
u
ts
id
e
v
ia
v
er
b
al
an
d
n
o
n
v
e
r
b
al
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
an
d
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
t
-
p
ee
r
s
p
er
s
e,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
was
s
h
a
p
ed
as
an
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
d
iag
n
o
s
is
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
am
p
le
g
r
o
u
p
’
s
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
.
T
h
i
s
m
atter
s
p
r
ag
m
atica
lly
a
g
r
ea
t d
ea
l b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
r
esu
lts
will
h
elp
f
u
lly
an
d
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tly
g
u
id
e
u
s
(
as
a
class
r
o
o
m
-
teac
h
er
r
esear
ch
team
)
i
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
g
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
p
h
ases
.
T
h
ey
in
cl
u
d
e
in
ten
s
iv
ely
em
b
ar
k
in
g
o
n
d
e
s
i
g
n
i
n
g
,
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
r
e
f
l
e
cti
n
g
o
n
i
n
t
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
c
i
o
-
e
m
o
ti
o
n
a
l
lear
n
i
n
g
v
iab
ly
a
p
p
lied
to
th
e
i
n
ten
d
ed
p
o
p
u
latio
n
f
o
r
s
tr
en
g
th
en
in
g
th
eir
laten
tly
-
r
elate
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
c
u
ltiv
atin
g
,
an
d
ad
v
a
n
tag
eo
u
s
ly
p
o
s
s
ess
in
g
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
co
n
d
u
ci
v
e
to
E
F
L
lear
n
in
g
at
o
u
r
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
.
T
h
is
is
p
r
im
ar
ily
b
ec
au
s
e
th
es
e
s
k
ills
ar
e
lear
n
ed
s
o
cial
ab
ilit
ies
an
d
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
cr
ea
tin
g
s
tr
o
n
g
an
tece
d
en
ts
(
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
ely
d
r
iv
e
n
b
y
a
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
lear
n
in
g
clim
ate)
f
o
r
in
d
iv
id
u
als’
life
-
lo
n
g
af
f
ec
ti
v
e
-
co
g
n
itiv
e
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
an
d
well
-
b
ei
n
g
attain
ed
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
,
[
5
]
,
[
8
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
wh
e
n
it
co
m
es
to
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
-
to
-
ter
tiar
y
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
tr
a
n
s
itio
n
,
r
ea
lis
tic
co
lleg
e
life
p
o
s
es
s
ev
er
al
ch
allen
g
es
to
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
esp
ec
ially
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
p
o
s
t
-
C
OVI
D
p
an
d
em
ic
ag
e
[
1
9
]
–
[
2
1
]
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
r
esu
lts
lead
in
g
to
in
ten
d
ed
f
o
llo
w
-
u
p
s
ar
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
b
e
n
ef
icial
p
o
ten
tials
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
ac
a
d
em
ic,
m
e
n
tal,
an
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
wellb
ein
g
.
3
.
1
.
O
bt
a
ini
ng
t
he
s
ca
le’
s
v
a
lid
it
y
a
nd
re
lia
bil
it
y
F
i
r
s
t
,
o
u
r
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
t
e
a
m
r
a
n
t
h
e
S
P
SS
-
b
a
s
e
d
r
e
l
ia
b
i
l
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
n
a
i
r
e
s
ca
l
e
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
i
n
th
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
u
d
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
lt
s
h
o
w
e
d
a
h
i
g
h
-
r
e
l
i
a
b
i
l
it
y
v
a
l
u
e
:
C
r
o
n
b
a
ch
’
s
a
l
p
h
a
=
0
.
9
0
2
.
I
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
,
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
w
e
a
l
s
o
wa
n
t
e
d
t
o
k
n
o
w
i
f
a
n
y
d
i
s
c
r
e
t
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
3
0
i
t
e
m
s
i
n
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
s
c
a
le
a
p
p
e
a
r
e
d
t
o
b
e
r
e
d
u
n
d
a
n
t
(
m
e
a
n
i
n
g
t
h
a
t
i
t
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
d
e
l
et
e
d
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
t
h
e
r
e
l
i
a
b
il
i
t
y
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
s
c
a
l
e
)
.
T
a
b
l
e
2
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
r
es
u
l
ts
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
SP
SS
te
s
t
.
A
cc
o
r
d
i
n
g
l
y
,
e
a
c
h
i
tem
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
s
i
ts
c
o
r
r
el
a
t
i
o
n
v
a
l
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
s
c
al
e
in
c
o
l
u
m
n
A
,
w
h
i
le
c
o
l
u
m
n
B
is
t
h
e
C
r
o
n
b
a
c
h
’
s
al
p
h
a
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
s
ca
l
e
i
f
t
h
a
t
i
t
e
m
i
s
d
e
le
t
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
c
a
le
.
T
ab
le
2
.
I
tem
-
to
tal
co
r
r
elatio
n
(
A)
an
d
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
’
s
alp
h
a
(
B
)
r
esu
ltin
g
f
r
o
m
item
d
eletio
n
I
t
e
m
A
B
I
t
e
m
A
B
I
t
e
m
A
B
1
.
3
6
6
.
9
0
0
11
.
3
4
6
.
9
0
1
21
.
4
0
7
.
8
9
9
2
.
4
3
4
.
8
9
9
12
.
5
1
9
.
8
9
7
22
.
3
8
7
.
9
0
0
3
.
4
4
8
.
8
9
9
13
.
5
3
5
.
8
9
7
23
.
3
6
0
.
9
0
1
4
.
5
1
4
.
8
9
7
14
.
4
8
8
.
8
9
8
24
.
4
2
9
.
8
9
9
5
.
5
2
4
.
8
9
7
15
.
4
4
3
.
8
9
9
25
.
4
7
2
.
8
9
8
6
.
5
6
2
.
8
9
7
16
.
4
2
7
.
8
9
9
26
.
4
9
7
.
8
9
8
7
.
4
7
7
.
8
9
8
17
.
4
8
0
.
8
9
8
27
.
4
0
2
.
9
0
0
8
.
5
3
3
.
8
9
7
18
.
4
5
3
.
8
9
9
28
.
5
0
1
.
8
9
8
9
.
3
2
6
.
9
0
1
19
.
4
9
1
.
8
9
8
29
.
5
3
1
.
8
9
7
10
.
4
4
5
.
8
9
9
20
.
5
7
0
.
8
9
6
30
.
5
0
0
.
8
9
8
As s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
2
,
all
item
s
i
n
d
icate
a
g
o
o
d
v
al
u
e
o
f
item
-
t
o
tal
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t: a
ll v
alu
es a
r
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
ab
o
v
e
0
.
3
0
(
A)
u
p
to
0
.
5
7
0
(
ite
m
2
0
)
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
all
item
s
a
r
e
ju
s
tifia
b
ly
n
ee
d
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
d
eletio
n
o
f
a
n
y
am
o
n
g
t
h
em
wo
u
ld
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
to
tal
s
ca
le
(
B
)
,
i.e
.
,
s
m
aller
th
a
n
0
.
9
0
2
(
to
tal
s
ca
le
r
eliab
ilit
y
)
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
is
s
o
u
n
d
ly
r
el
iab
le
an
d
all
item
s
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
.
T
h
is
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
b
ec
au
s
e
we
will
co
n
f
id
en
tly
r
eu
s
e
th
is
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
ca
le
as
a
p
o
s
t
-
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
to
ass
ess
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
lan
n
ed
s
o
c
io
-
em
o
tio
n
al
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
o
n
t
h
e
in
ten
d
ed
p
o
p
u
lati
o
n
o
f
E
FL
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
s
tep
s
.
T
h
is
is
also
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
b
ec
au
s
e,
to
o
u
r
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
n
o
s
u
f
f
icien
t
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
ca
le
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
Vietn
am
ese
-
s
p
ea
k
in
g
E
FL
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
s
o
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
a
l
s
k
ills
h
as b
ee
n
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
r
el
ev
an
t liter
atu
r
e
[
1
]
–
[
1
6
]
.
3
.
2
.
Resul
t
s
f
o
r
re
s
ea
rc
h ques
t
io
ns
As
ad
d
r
ess
ed
ea
r
lier
two
r
ese
ar
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
wer
e
p
o
s
ed
b
y
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
s
u
r
v
ey
r
esu
lts
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
s
am
p
le
g
r
o
u
p
’
s
s
o
c
ial
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
lev
el
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
b
y
th
e
m
ea
n
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
s
ca
le
to
tal
at
th
e
b
o
tto
m
o
f
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
e
tab
le
s
h
o
ws
d
etailed
m
ea
n
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
two
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
: th
e
s
elf
an
d
th
e
o
th
er
s
.
A
s
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
T
ab
le
3
,
th
e
m
e
an
s
ca
le
to
tal
o
f
M=
4
.
0
5
(
o
u
t
o
f
5
p
o
in
ts
)
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
e
d
g
r
o
u
p
a
p
p
ea
r
ed
to
r
ea
ch
a
h
i
g
h
lev
el
o
f
s
o
cio
-
e
m
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
b
o
ar
d
with
a
m
in
im
u
m
o
f
3
.
4
4
p
o
in
ts
.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
lev
el
is
p
ar
t
ly
ac
co
u
n
ted
f
o
r
b
y
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
is
h
o
m
o
g
en
e
o
u
s
ad
u
lts
(
ag
ed
1
8
to
2
4
)
.
T
h
is
ag
e
-
r
elate
d
ass
u
m
p
t
io
n
is
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
b
y
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
[
3
]
,
[
4
]
,
[
7
]
,
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
5
]
,
[1
6
]
.
Pre
v
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s
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tu
d
y
[
3
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s
h
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d
t
h
at
4
4
4
p
r
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m
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at
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e
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l
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o
f
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tellig
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.
Am
o
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3
3
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h
ig
h
s
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l
C
h
in
ese
s
tu
d
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ts
,
th
eir
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o
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r
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was
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Similar
ly
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in
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3
0
3
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
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en
ts
,
ag
ed
1
2
to
1
6
,
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I
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J
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Vo
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.
14
,
No
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1
,
Feb
r
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r
y
20
25
:
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f
r
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m
Ar
ab
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s
ch
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in
C
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f
p
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ticip
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ts
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d
v
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h
ig
h
lev
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o
f
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tio
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tellig
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ce
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Mo
s
t
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
I
n
d
o
n
esian
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
1
2
]
also
s
co
r
ed
ju
s
t
at
a
n
av
er
ag
e
lev
el
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Qu
esti
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le
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(
N=
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3
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(
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h
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o
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l
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3
8
3
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4
4
4
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0
5
Me
an
wh
ile,
a
h
ig
h
le
v
el
o
f
s
o
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
d
is
p
lay
e
d
b
y
th
e
E
FL
g
r
o
u
p
in
t
h
e
p
r
e
s
en
t
s
tu
d
y
ap
p
ea
r
s
to
m
atch
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
a
r
ec
en
t
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
b
y
Ç
elik
an
d
Ç
etin
k
a
y
a
[
1
6
]
am
o
n
g
3
3
4
T
u
r
k
is
h
co
lleg
e
lear
n
e
r
s
o
f
E
n
g
lis
h
.
T
h
e
s
am
e
r
esu
lts
wer
e
also
r
ep
o
r
ted
b
y
2
8
0
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ag
ed
1
8
-
2
4
f
r
o
m
Nep
al
[
1
5
]
,
a
n
d
8
0
Sau
d
i
u
n
d
er
g
r
a
d
u
ate
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
9
]
.
On
th
e
co
n
tr
ar
y
,
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
p
o
s
itiv
e
ac
ad
em
ic
em
o
tio
n
s
wer
e
r
elea
s
ed
o
n
ly
a
t
an
a
v
er
ag
e
lev
el
[
2
3
]
.
I
n
o
th
er
wo
r
d
s
,
th
e
ag
e
v
ar
iab
le
co
u
ld
b
e
o
n
e
em
o
tio
n
al
d
eter
m
in
an
t,
b
u
t
r
ev
iewin
g
2
7
s
tu
d
ies
o
n
em
o
tio
n
al
d
o
m
ain
s
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
2
0
1
0
to
2
0
2
0
p
er
i
o
d
s
ac
r
o
s
s
co
u
n
tr
ies,
Qu
ílez
-
R
o
b
r
es
et
a
l.
[
8
]
f
o
u
n
d
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t im
p
a
ct
o
f
ag
e
o
n
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
.
An
o
th
er
ex
p
lan
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
h
ig
h
s
o
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
al
le
v
el
ex
h
ib
ited
b
y
t
h
e
E
FL
g
r
o
u
p
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
is
attr
ib
u
ted
to
Vietn
a
m
’
s
lo
n
g
-
s
tan
d
in
g
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
s
o
m
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
s
o
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
ar
e
em
b
e
d
d
e
d
in
th
is
p
u
b
lic
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
f
r
o
m
p
r
i
m
ar
y
to
s
ec
o
n
d
a
r
y
lev
el,
esp
ec
ially
an
ch
o
r
e
d
in
th
e
s
u
b
ject
o
f
ci
v
ic
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
u
n
d
er
p
in
n
ed
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
b
y
th
e
co
r
e
g
o
al
o
f
b
u
ild
in
g
th
e
lear
n
e
r
’
s
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
q
u
alities
(
m
en
tally
,
ae
s
th
etica
lly
,
em
o
tio
n
ally
,
an
d
eth
ically
)
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
as
a
wh
o
le,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
m
o
r
al
an
d
s
o
cial
d
o
m
ain
s
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
tem
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
ten
d
en
cy
to
“p
r
io
r
itize
th
e
n
ee
d
s
an
d
g
o
als
o
f
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
v
e
r
th
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al”
[
1
]
.
Ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
o
f
f
icial
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
f
a
m
ily
(
p
ar
en
ts
an
d
g
r
a
n
d
p
a
r
en
ts
)
in
Asi
an
cu
ltu
r
es
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
m
ar
g
in
alize
d
in
th
is
r
eg
ar
d
.
I
t c
o
n
t
r
ib
u
tes s
u
b
s
tan
tially
to
n
u
r
t
u
r
in
g
em
o
tio
n
al
c
o
m
p
eten
ce
[
2
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
Fo
r
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
,
also
f
r
o
m
T
a
b
le
3
,
th
e
s
co
r
e
lev
el
o
f
th
e
s
elf
-
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
(
M=
4
.
0
6
)
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d
th
at
o
f
th
e
o
th
er
s
(
M=
4
.
0
4
)
ar
e
n
ea
tly
eq
u
al,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
th
er
e
is
n
ea
r
ly
n
o
laten
t
g
ap
b
etwe
en
th
ese
two
co
r
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ex
h
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ite
d
b
y
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
.
I
n
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e
s
en
s
e,
th
ese
n
ea
tly
eq
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atin
g
s
co
r
es
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
to
tal
s
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le
co
n
f
ir
m
th
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s
o
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en
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n
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e
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ter
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d
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d
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ely
d
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elo
p
ed
in
th
e
a
d
u
lth
o
o
d
o
f
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
;
in
an
o
th
er
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en
s
e,
it
a
g
ain
im
p
lies
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
Vie
tn
am
’
s
ed
u
ca
tio
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p
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th
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ch
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s
co
m
p
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e
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e
ca
p
ac
ities
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
ly
(
m
e
n
tally
,
em
o
tio
n
ally
,
an
d
eth
ically
)
[
1
8
]
,
[
3
7
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
s
co
r
in
g
d
etails
g
iv
en
o
f
th
e
f
iv
e
s
u
b
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
d
icate
th
at
s
elf
-
awa
r
en
ess
to
p
s
th
e
lis
t
(
M=
4
.
1
4
)
,
f
o
llo
we
d
b
y
b
o
th
s
elf
-
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
em
p
ath
y
(
M=
4
.
0
9
)
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
s
elf
-
r
e
g
u
latio
n
s
co
r
es
th
e
least
(
M=
3
.
8
6
)
.
Fo
r
m
o
r
e
d
eta
il,
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
air
ed
-
v
ar
iab
le
S
PS
S
test
s
wer
e
r
u
n
t
o
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
h
ig
h
est
m
ea
n
M=
4
.
1
4
an
d
th
e
lo
west
M=
3
.
8
6
,
r
esu
ltin
g
i
n
a
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
e
n
th
ese
two
m
ea
n
s
.
Similar
ly
,
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
was
s
tatis
tical
ly
d
is
p
lay
ed
b
etwe
en
M=
4
.
1
4
a
n
d
M=
3
.
9
9
(
s
u
b
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
o
f
s
o
cial
s
k
ills
)
.
T
h
ese
o
b
tain
ed
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
w
th
at
as
ex
p
ec
te
d
th
e
tar
g
et
g
r
o
u
p
ap
p
ea
r
ed
t
o
h
av
e
p
o
s
s
ess
ed
a
s
tr
o
n
g
ab
ilit
y
to
im
m
ed
iately
p
er
ce
iv
e
h
o
w
a
n
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
wh
y
th
ey
f
ee
l in
alm
o
s
t a
ll lif
e
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
as
ad
u
lt
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
th
ey
wer
e
also
d
ee
m
ed
t
o
b
e
ab
le
to
d
ec
en
tl
y
id
en
tify
th
eir
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
eg
ativ
e
em
o
tio
n
s
as
well
as
th
eir
s
tr
en
g
th
s
an
d
w
ea
k
n
ess
es,
esp
ec
ially
ap
p
lied
in
lear
n
in
g
a
ctiv
ities
o
r
ac
ad
e
m
ic
s
ettin
g
s
.
T
h
ey
also
ten
d
ed
to
r
elativ
ely
ac
q
u
ir
e
s
k
ills
o
f
h
ar
n
ess
in
g
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
p
o
s
itiv
e
em
o
ti
o
n
s
(
s
elf
-
u
tili
za
tio
n
M=
4
.
0
9
)
a
n
d
em
p
ath
y
(
M=
4
.
0
9
)
.
Sin
ce
th
e
s
tatis
tica
l
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
r
ev
ea
l
a
l
aten
t
g
ap
b
etwe
en
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
’
s
em
o
tio
n
al
s
elf
-
awa
r
en
ess
an
d
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
l
atio
n
with
M=
4
.
1
4
>M
=3
.
8
6
as
s
h
o
wn
T
ab
le
3
.
T
h
is
im
p
li
es
th
at
th
er
e
is
s
till
r
o
o
m
f
o
r
th
eir
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
latio
n
to
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
.
T
h
u
s
,
T
a
b
le
4
p
r
esen
ts
all
f
iv
e
item
s
with
th
eir
m
ea
n
s
co
r
es
ca
s
t in
th
e
s
u
b
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
latio
n
.
As
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
T
ab
le
4
,
th
r
ee
item
s
s
co
r
in
g
b
elo
w
4
p
o
i
n
ts
ar
e
1
2
,
1
5
,
a
n
d
1
8
with
m
ea
n
s
o
f
M=
3
.
4
4
,
3
.
9
7
,
a
n
d
3
.
5
0
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
I
n
th
e
s
am
e
way
,
we
also
ex
a
m
in
ed
th
e
item
s
s
h
ap
ed
in
th
e
s
u
b
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
s
o
cial
s
k
ill
s
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
two
b
elo
w
-
4
-
p
o
in
t
item
s
s
tan
d
in
g
o
u
t:
item
2
2
(
Yo
u
kn
o
w
,
if
n
ec
ess
a
r
y,
w
h
o
yo
u
s
h
o
u
ld
co
n
s
u
lt
fo
r
p
r
o
d
u
ctive
a
d
vice
a
n
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
to
o
ve
r
co
me
n
eg
a
tive
emo
tio
n
s
,
p
r
o
b
l
ems,
o
r
r
o
a
d
b
lo
ck
s
in
lea
r
n
in
g
a
n
d
o
th
er
life
-
ta
s
k
s
)
an
d
item
2
8
(
Yo
u
k
n
o
w
h
o
w
to
u
s
e
ve
r
b
a
l
s
kills
to
r
eso
lve
co
n
flicts
b
etw
ee
n
yo
u
a
n
d
o
th
ers
a
s
w
ell
a
s
b
etw
ee
n
o
th
ers
th
emselve
s
).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Mea
s
u
r
in
g
V
ietn
a
mese
-
s
p
ea
k
in
g
E
n
g
lis
h
a
s
a
fo
r
eig
n
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
…
(
D
o
Min
h
Hu
n
g
)
745
T
ab
le
4
.
Fiv
e
item
s
in
th
e
s
u
b
co
m
p
o
n
en
t o
f
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
latio
n
(
N=
6
1
5
)
I
t
e
ms
D
e
scri
p
t
o
r
s
M
e
a
n
s
12
Y
o
u
h
a
v
e
y
o
u
r
t
a
c
t
i
c
s
o
f
c
o
m
b
a
t
t
i
n
g
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
s
a
n
d
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
i
n
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
a
i
l
y
l
i
f
e
.
3
.
4
4
13
I
n
t
h
e
f
a
c
e
o
f
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
s,
r
a
t
h
e
r
t
h
a
n
f
e
e
l
i
n
g
d
i
sa
p
p
o
i
n
t
e
d
a
n
d
g
i
v
i
n
g
u
p
a
l
l
y
o
u
r
p
u
r
su
i
t
s
o
r
p
a
ss
i
o
n
s
,
y
o
u
d
e
l
i
b
e
r
a
t
e
l
y
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
o
n
t
h
e
se
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
s
a
n
d
d
r
a
w
o
u
t
c
o
n
st
r
u
c
t
i
v
e
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
s
f
o
r
y
o
u
r
n
e
x
t
a
c
t
i
o
n
st
e
p
s
.
4
.
1
6
Y
o
u
k
n
o
w
w
e
l
l
t
h
a
t
d
e
l
i
b
e
r
a
t
e
l
y
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
n
g
o
n
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
s
i
s
o
n
e
c
r
u
c
i
a
l
l
i
f
e
sk
i
l
l
f
o
r
p
e
r
so
n
a
l
g
r
o
w
t
h
.
14
Th
e
a
c
t
o
f
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
i
s
a
l
so
a
g
o
o
d
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
t
o
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
s
f
r
o
m
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
l
y
h
u
r
t
i
n
g
y
o
u
r
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
l
i
f
e
t
a
sk
s
u
n
d
e
r
w
a
y
.
4
.
2
4
15
Y
o
u
h
a
v
e
y
o
u
r
w
a
y
s
o
f
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
b
a
l
a
n
c
i
n
g
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
t
a
s
k
s
a
n
d
r
e
l
a
x
i
n
g
f
o
r
ms
o
r
r
e
f
r
e
sh
m
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
o
p
t
i
ma
l
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss.
3
.
9
7
Ov
er
all,
o
u
r
s
u
r
v
ey
-
g
ain
ed
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
(
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
tar
g
et
g
r
o
u
p
’
s
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
il
ls
)
ca
n
b
e
ten
tativ
ely
p
r
o
jecte
d
o
n
a
d
e
s
ce
n
d
in
g
-
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
s
ca
le
as
s
elf
-
awa
r
en
ess
>self
-
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
em
p
at
h
y
>so
cial
s
k
ills
>se
lf
-
r
eg
u
latio
n
.
T
h
ese
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
as
f
ar
a
s
we
ar
e
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
,
h
av
e
y
et
to
b
e
clea
r
l
y
o
r
ex
clu
s
iv
ely
h
ig
h
lig
h
te
d
f
o
r
E
F
L
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
r
o
m
Vietn
am
an
d
o
th
er
co
u
n
tr
ies
in
p
ast
p
er
tin
en
t
r
esear
ch
[
1
]
–
[
1
6
]
,
[
2
2
]
–
[
2
4
]
.
Mo
s
t
r
ele
v
an
t
s
tu
d
ies
in
Vietn
am
s
p
ec
if
ically
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
E
FL
lear
n
er
’
s
au
to
n
o
m
y
o
r
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
lated
lear
n
in
g
[
2
7
]
–
[
2
9
]
,
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
o
r
etica
lly
,
it
p
r
o
v
o
k
es
f
u
tu
r
e
s
tu
d
ies
c
o
n
test
in
g
th
e
d
escen
d
in
g
-
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
s
ca
le
p
o
in
ted
o
u
t
b
y
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
to
ex
am
i
n
e
wh
eth
er
it
eq
u
ally
r
ec
u
r
s
a
cr
o
s
s
co
u
n
tr
ies
an
d
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
d
is
cip
lin
es
(
i.e
.
,
n
o
t
ju
s
t
E
FL
s
tu
d
en
ts
)
.
I
f
th
at
is
th
e
ca
s
e,
it
will
s
h
ed
m
o
r
e
lig
h
t
o
n
h
o
w
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
s
o
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
ar
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ally
s
h
ap
ed
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
ed
,
at
least
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
eir
co
lleg
e
life
.
3
.
3
.
I
m
pli
ca
t
i
o
ns
f
o
r
nex
t
p
ha
s
es
As
ex
p
ec
ted
,
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
’
s
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
b
r
in
g
p
r
ac
tical
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
im
p
licatio
n
s
to
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
team
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
o
u
r
s
o
c
io
-
em
o
tio
n
al
tr
ai
n
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
will
tar
g
et
th
e
co
r
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
th
e
in
tr
ap
er
s
o
n
al
s
k
ill
r
ep
er
to
ir
e
(
i.e
.
,
th
e
s
elf
)
an
d
th
at
o
f
th
e
i
n
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
(
i.e
.
,
th
e
o
th
er
s
)
.
I
t
will
b
e
p
r
o
jecte
d
to
s
h
ar
p
e
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
er
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
f
o
r
th
e
i
n
ten
d
ed
p
o
p
u
lat
io
n
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
b
ein
g
a
b
le
to
b
etter
r
ec
o
g
n
ize,
m
an
ag
e,
a
n
d
m
a
n
ip
u
late
th
e
s
elf
’
s
em
o
tio
n
al
in
cid
e
n
ts
,
s
ig
n
s
,
o
r
s
tim
u
li
r
atio
n
ally
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
cti
v
ely
b
y
teac
h
er
co
u
n
s
elin
g
ac
tiv
itie
s
alo
n
g
s
id
e
E
FL
s
u
b
ject
co
n
ten
ts
g
r
a
n
ted
r
e
g
u
lar
ly
.
C
o
n
cu
r
r
e
n
tly
an
d
alter
n
ativ
ely
,
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
k
ills
ar
e
in
ten
tio
n
ally
lev
er
ag
e
d
ad
v
an
tag
eo
u
s
ly
v
ia
d
aily
class
r
o
o
m
g
r
o
u
p
/p
air
wo
r
k
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
r
elate
d
ac
ti
v
ities
b
eh
in
d
th
e
s
et
s
ch
o
o
l
tim
e.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
th
e
in
tr
ap
er
s
o
n
al
-
f
o
llo
wed
-
by
-
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
k
ills
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
b
s
tan
tiated
as
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
b
y
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
o
n
s
o
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
a
l
d
o
m
ain
s
[
1
]
–
[
3
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
d
r
awin
g
o
n
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
’
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
an
d
th
e
n
o
tio
n
th
at
“
i
t
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
s
tr
ess
th
e
r
o
le
p
lay
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
co
n
tex
t
a
n
d
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
is
h
as
a
d
ir
ec
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
t
h
e
s
tu
d
en
t
’
s
s
k
ills
”
[
8
]
,
o
u
r
m
u
ltip
le
tr
ai
n
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
will
p
u
r
p
o
s
ef
u
lly
b
e
co
o
r
d
in
ate
d
b
y
task
-
b
ased
/
p
r
o
ject
-
b
ased
lear
n
i
n
g
an
d
clu
b
ac
tiv
ities
(
e.
g
.
,
m
u
s
ic,
f
esti
v
als,
s
p
o
r
ts
co
m
p
etit
io
n
s
,
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
ag
e
s
p
ea
k
in
g
co
n
test
s
,
Gala
n
ig
h
ts
,
s
o
cial
wo
r
k
,
ch
ar
ities
,
s
u
m
m
er
tim
e
ac
tiv
ities
,
an
d
s
o
o
n
)
.
Ov
er
th
e
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
al
c
o
u
r
s
e,
t
h
o
s
e
ac
tiv
ities
o
f
clo
s
e
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
,
o
n
-
tr
ac
k
k
ee
p
in
g
,
an
d
o
u
tco
m
e
-
r
ef
lectin
g
(
b
u
ilt
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
o
n
-
s
p
o
t
r
esp
o
n
s
es
an
d
s
elf
-
r
ep
o
r
ts
r
etr
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
ly
)
ar
e
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
m
an
ip
u
l
ated
b
y
th
e
en
tire
r
esear
ch
team
as
well.
A
s
ad
d
r
ess
ed
ea
r
lier
,
o
u
r
r
esear
ch
team
also
r
ec
o
g
n
izes
th
a
t
f
o
r
m
atu
r
el
y
s
k
illed
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
th
is
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
will
h
av
e
to
b
e
ex
ec
u
ted
o
n
a
r
eiter
ativ
e,
in
ter
ch
an
g
ea
b
ly
d
y
n
am
ic,
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
b
asis
co
m
p
atib
ly
tu
n
in
g
i
n
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
o
n
g
o
in
g
g
r
o
wth
i
n
te
r
m
s
o
f
th
e
th
r
ee
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
h
u
m
an
d
o
m
ai
n
s
o
f
b
io
lo
g
y
,
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
y
,
an
d
in
te
llect
[
1
]
–
[
1
6
]
.
M
o
r
eo
v
e
r
,
t
h
ese
th
r
ee
d
o
m
ain
s
,
th
o
u
g
h
d
is
cr
ete,
ar
e
in
tim
ately
in
ter
r
elate
d
an
d
eq
u
ally
s
h
ap
e
th
e
ty
p
ical
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
lear
n
in
g
o
v
er
th
e
y
ea
r
s
o
f
o
n
e
’
s
life
lin
e
u
n
f
o
ld
in
g
,
wh
ich
ex
ac
tly
m
atch
es Vie
tn
am
’
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
o
licies
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
o
v
er
o
u
r
two
y
ea
r
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
ject,
we
will
r
e
-
m
ea
s
u
r
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
’
em
o
tio
n
al
in
tellig
en
ce
an
d
ac
ad
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
af
ter
e
v
er
y
ac
ad
em
i
c
s
em
ester
to
d
o
cu
m
en
t
th
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
lear
n
in
g
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
an
d
t
h
eir
em
o
tio
n
al
g
r
o
wth
tr
ajec
to
r
ies.
I
n
th
at
way
,
we
ca
n
r
ef
er
en
ce
th
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
th
at
“
T
h
e
wid
e
-
s
ca
le
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
al
ass
e
s
s
m
en
ts
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
s
o
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
al
co
m
p
eten
ce
(
SEC)
in
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
p
r
ac
tice
m
a
y
lead
t
o
ac
c
u
m
u
latio
n
o
f
u
s
ef
u
l
d
ata
th
at
ca
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
o
u
r
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
h
o
w
s
tu
d
en
t
SE
C
d
ev
elo
p
s
with
in
an
d
ac
r
o
s
s
s
ch
o
o
l
y
ea
r
s
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
tex
ts
”
[
7
]
.
Ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
th
at,
we
will
in
v
o
lv
e
t
h
e
v
ar
iab
le
o
f
g
e
n
d
er
(
m
ales
an
d
f
em
ales)
f
o
r
a
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
g
en
d
er
a
n
d
em
o
tio
n
al
in
tellig
en
ce
.
T
h
i
s
is
b
ec
au
s
e,
in
th
eir
s
tu
d
y
,
A
L
-
Qad
r
i
an
d
Z
h
a
o
p
o
in
ted
o
u
t
t
h
at
“
f
em
ales
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
co
n
s
cio
u
s
o
f
t
h
eir
f
ee
lin
g
s
,
d
is
p
lay
m
o
r
e
s
en
s
itiv
it
y
,
an
d
h
a
v
e
b
etter
in
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
k
ills
th
an
m
ales
”
[
1
0
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
739
-
748
746
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Giv
en
a
d
ef
icit
in
r
esear
ch
o
n
Vietn
am
ese
-
s
p
ea
k
in
g
E
FL
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
an
d
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
,
esp
ec
ially
in
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
o
s
t
-
C
OVI
D
er
a
wid
ely
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
with
ce
r
tain
r
is
k
s
en
co
u
n
ter
e
d
b
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
at
lar
g
e,
th
is
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
s
tu
d
y
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
th
e
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
o
f
a
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
f
r
o
m
Vietn
am
.
On
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
th
at
it
wa
s
th
e
f
ir
s
t
to
in
v
o
lv
e
a
lar
g
e
s
am
p
le
o
f
6
1
5
E
FL
m
ajo
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tr
en
g
th
is
a
3
0
-
item
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
ca
le
was
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
d
esig
n
e
d
an
d
co
n
d
u
cted
as
ex
p
ec
ted
.
Mo
r
e
im
p
o
r
tan
tly
,
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t stu
d
y
r
ea
ch
e
d
its
s
et
aim
s
.
As
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
s
am
p
le
g
r
o
u
p
a
p
p
ea
r
ed
to
ac
q
u
ir
e
a
h
i
g
h
lev
el
o
f
s
o
cio
-
em
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
an
d
th
e
r
e
w
as
g
en
er
ally
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
is
cr
ep
an
cy
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
elf
-
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
a
n
d
th
e
o
th
er
s
-
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
e
f
iv
e
s
u
b
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
th
e
s
ca
le
s
to
o
d
in
a
d
escen
d
in
g
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
lin
e
wit
h
th
e
s
elf
-
awa
r
en
ess
s
u
b
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
at
th
e
t
o
p
a
n
d
th
at
o
f
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
latio
n
at
th
e
b
o
tto
m
.
T
h
at
m
ea
n
s
th
er
e
is
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
g
ap
b
etwe
en
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
’
s
s
elf
-
awa
r
en
ess
s
k
ill
an
d
th
at
o
f
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
latio
n
.
T
h
ese
f
ac
tu
al
r
esu
lts
n
o
t
o
n
ly
s
p
ec
if
y
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
lev
el
o
f
th
e
tar
g
et
g
r
o
u
p
’
s
s
o
cio
-
e
m
o
tio
n
al
s
k
ills
(
wh
ich
h
as
y
e
t
to
b
e
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
in
p
ast
p
er
tin
en
t
r
esear
ch
)
b
u
t
al
s
o
h
elp
f
u
ll
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
r
ac
tical
im
p
licatio
n
s
to
o
u
r
r
esear
c
h
team
in
p
r
o
jectin
g
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
T
h
ese
in
clu
d
e
s
elec
tin
g
am
p
le
s
o
cial
-
em
o
tio
n
al
lear
n
in
g
m
ater
ials
an
d
s
eq
u
en
cin
g
v
a
r
io
u
s
s
tr
ateg
ies,
wh
ich
s
o
u
n
d
ly
co
o
r
d
i
n
ate
r
eg
u
lar
co
n
ten
t
co
u
r
s
es
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
th
e
E
FL
m
ajo
r
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
r
esu
lts
,
we
will
in
v
o
lv
e
a
ll
f
iv
e
s
u
b
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
d
y
n
am
ically
an
d
co
n
cu
r
r
en
tly
,
b
u
t
m
o
r
e
atten
tio
n
will
f
all
o
n
s
elf
-
r
eg
u
lati
o
n
an
d
s
o
cial
s
k
ills
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
m
o
r
e
r
esear
ch
in
th
is
r
eg
a
r
d
with
in
Vietn
am
co
n
tex
ts
an
d
b
ey
o
n
d
is
en
c
o
u
r
ag
e
d
t
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
’
s
lim
itatio
n
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
p
an
d
s
am
p
le
s
izes
f
o
r
b
etter
g
en
er
aliza
tio
n
an
d
co
n
test
th
e
item
co
n
ten
ts
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
ca
le
u
s
ed
in
th
e
p
r
esen
t
s
tu
d
y
.
Par
ticip
an
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
b
o
th
co
lleg
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
m
ajo
r
in
g
in
E
FL
an
d
th
o
s
e
o
f
o
th
er
d
is
cip
lin
es
b
ec
a
u
s
e
e
m
o
tio
n
al
in
tellig
en
ce
is
cr
u
ci
al
an
d
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14
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Feb
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