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Feb
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n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
wh
er
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
f
ee
l
u
n
ce
r
tain
ab
o
u
t
th
eir
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
a
n
d
v
o
ca
t
io
n
al
f
u
tu
r
e
,
wh
ile
o
th
er
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
co
n
f
id
en
t
in
m
ak
in
g
th
eir
ch
o
ices [
7
]
.
C
ar
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
a
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
tal
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
e
is
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
,
b
u
t
s
o
m
e
p
eo
p
le
m
a
y
ex
p
er
ien
ce
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
in
d
ec
is
io
n
[
8
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
is
an
u
r
g
en
t
p
r
o
b
lem
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
eso
lv
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
ca
r
ee
r
g
u
id
a
n
ce
an
d
co
u
n
s
elin
g
.
I
t
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
s
tr
es
s
f
u
l
s
itu
atio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
it
in
v
o
lv
es
d
ilem
m
as
an
d
c
o
n
f
licts
th
at
ca
n
b
e
tr
i
g
g
er
ed
b
y
i
n
ter
p
er
s
o
n
al,
in
tr
a
p
er
s
o
n
al,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
f
ac
to
r
s
[
9
]
.
M
o
r
eo
v
e
r
,
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
is
s
ee
n
as
a
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
tal
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
m
at
u
r
atio
n
r
esu
lti
n
g
f
r
o
m
a
lack
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
o
n
eself
o
r
th
e
wo
r
ld
o
f
wo
r
k
[
1
0
]
.
C
ar
e
er
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
as
c
o
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
a
r
ea
d
in
ess
p
h
ase,
wh
er
e
lack
o
f
m
o
tiv
at
io
n
,
in
d
ec
is
io
n
,
a
n
d
d
y
s
f
u
n
cti
o
n
al
b
elief
s
ar
e
p
r
o
b
lem
atic
[
1
0
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
p
h
ase,
it
b
ec
o
m
es
cr
u
cial
to
o
b
tain
ad
eq
u
ate
a
n
d
r
eliab
le
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
s
elf
-
awa
r
en
ess
,
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
d
o
m
ai
n
.
C
ar
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
is
an
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
’
s
in
a
b
ilit
y
to
m
ak
e
ca
r
ee
r
d
ec
is
io
n
s
f
o
r
ce
r
tain
r
ea
s
o
n
s
[
1
1
]
.
C
ar
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
is
a
p
er
s
o
n
's
in
ab
ilit
y
to
d
ec
id
e
in
ch
o
o
s
in
g
a
ca
r
ee
r
[
1
2
]
.
C
ar
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
is
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wh
er
e
it
is
co
n
tain
ed
in
o
n
e'
s
ca
r
ee
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
task
s
[
1
3
]
.
Or
o
s
z
an
d
L
u
k
ác
s
[
1
3
]
ex
p
lain
ed
th
at
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
i
o
n
m
ea
n
s
in
d
ec
is
io
n
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
p
ath
o
f
s
o
m
eo
n
e
to
p
u
r
s
u
e
an
d
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
m
a
d
e
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
.
C
ar
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
u
s
u
ally
o
cc
u
r
s
at
tr
an
s
itio
n
p
o
in
ts
,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
h
i
g
h
s
ch
o
o
l to
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
,
s
ch
o
o
l to
th
e
w
o
r
ld
o
f
w
o
r
k
,
a
n
d
wh
e
n
ch
o
o
s
in
g
a
n
ew
f
ield
[
1
3
]
.
Sak
a
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
ex
p
lain
ed
th
at
it
i
s
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
d
i
s
tin
g
u
is
h
b
etwe
en
in
d
ec
is
io
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
b
y
in
d
iv
id
u
als,
n
am
ely
c
h
r
o
n
ic
in
d
ec
is
io
n
in
v
ar
io
u
s
co
n
te
x
ts
an
d
s
itu
atio
n
s
o
r
n
o
r
m
a
l
in
d
ec
is
io
n
wh
er
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
s
till
h
av
e
t
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
m
ak
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
q
u
ick
l
y
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
ey
s
till
n
ee
d
a
lo
t
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
.
C
o
u
n
s
elo
r
s
ca
n
ass
i
s
t
in
d
iv
id
u
als
wh
o
ex
p
er
i
en
ce
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
p
e
r
s
o
n
al,
v
o
ca
tio
n
al,
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
o
r
ed
u
ce
in
d
ec
is
io
n
,
th
e
y
ca
n
b
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ab
o
u
t
th
e
lev
el
an
d
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
lack
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
co
u
n
s
e
lin
g
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
ca
u
s
es
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
ex
p
er
ien
cin
g
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
is
o
f
ten
m
a
k
es
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
ee
l
u
n
ce
r
tain
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
ca
r
ee
r
c
h
o
ices
th
ey
s
h
o
u
ld
tak
e
af
ter
g
r
ad
u
atin
g
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
i
t
is
v
er
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
o
th
at
th
eir
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
ca
n
b
e
r
eso
lv
ed
.
T
wo
ty
p
es
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
n
a
m
ely
f
ir
s
tly
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
tal
in
d
ec
is
io
n
wh
ich
is
a
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
p
h
ase
o
f
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
d
ec
is
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
is
ty
p
e
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
p
er
io
d
o
f
n
o
r
m
ativ
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
as
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
s
tag
e.
Seco
n
d
ly
,
ch
r
o
n
ic
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
is
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
as
a
tr
ait
an
d
n
o
t
ju
s
t
p
ar
t
o
f
a
ca
r
ee
r
.
T
h
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
m
a
y
ex
h
ib
it
in
d
ec
is
io
n
th
at
is
p
r
esen
t
in
o
t
h
er
d
o
m
ain
s
o
f
life
.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
th
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
s
u
ch
as
i)
R
ea
d
in
es
s
as
s
es
s
m
en
t
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
an
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
d
y
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
b
elief
s
ab
o
u
t
ca
r
ee
r
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
,
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
in
ca
r
e
er
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
,
in
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
iv
en
ess
;
ii)
Or
ien
tatio
n
ass
ess
m
en
t
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
a
n
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
ty
le
an
d
p
r
o
f
ile
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
d
ec
is
io
n
m
ak
in
g
,
way
s
o
f
h
a
n
d
lin
g
c
ar
ee
r
d
ec
is
io
n
s
,
an
d
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
;
as
well
as
iii)
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ass
ess
m
en
t
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
an
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
d
i
f
f
icu
lties
o
f
a
lac
k
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
(
ab
o
u
t
o
n
eself
,
ab
o
u
t
th
e
wo
r
ld
o
f
wo
r
k
,
a
n
d
ab
o
u
t
h
o
w
to
m
ak
e
ca
r
ee
r
d
ec
is
io
n
s
)
o
r
an
ass
es
s
m
en
t o
f
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
(
u
n
r
eliab
le
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
in
ter
n
al
a
n
d
ex
te
r
n
al
co
n
f
lic
ts
)
[
1
8
]
.
C
ar
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
in
d
icato
r
s
as
ex
p
lain
ed
i
n
th
e
tax
o
n
o
m
y
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
d
if
f
icu
lties
,
in
clu
d
e
th
r
ee
m
ajo
r
clu
s
ter
s
o
f
d
if
f
ic
u
lties
,
f
u
r
th
er
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
1
0
s
p
ec
if
ic
ca
teg
o
r
ies
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
m
ajo
r
clu
s
ter
lack
o
f
r
ea
d
in
ess
in
clu
d
es
th
r
ee
d
if
f
ic
u
lty
ca
teg
o
r
ies
th
at
ty
p
ically
ar
is
e
p
r
io
r
to
en
g
ag
em
en
t
in
ca
r
ee
r
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
:
lack
o
f
m
o
tiv
atio
n
to
en
g
a
g
e
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
;
g
en
er
al
in
d
ec
is
iv
en
ess
(
i.e
.
,
in
v
o
lv
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
in
v
ar
io
u
s
ar
ea
s
)
;
an
d
d
y
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
b
elief
s
ab
o
u
t
ca
r
ee
r
d
ec
is
io
n
m
ak
in
g
.
T
h
e
o
th
er
two
d
if
f
icu
lty
clu
s
ter
s
,
lack
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
in
co
n
s
is
ten
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
i
n
clu
d
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lties
th
at
ty
p
ically
ar
is
e
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
L
ac
k
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
p
er
s
o
n
ality
,
o
cc
u
p
ati
o
n
s
o
r
ca
r
ee
r
s
,
an
d
way
s
o
f
o
b
tain
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
o
r
h
elp
.
T
h
e
clu
s
ter
o
f
in
co
n
s
is
ten
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
i
n
clu
d
es
u
n
r
eliab
le
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
in
ter
n
al
co
n
f
licts
-
co
n
f
licts
with
in
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
a
l,
an
d
e
x
ter
n
al
co
n
f
licts
-
co
n
f
li
cts
with
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
o
th
er
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
b
y
L
ev
i
n
et
a
l
.
[
1
9
]
r
e
v
iewe
d
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
ca
r
ee
r
an
d
n
eg
ativ
e
em
o
tio
n
s
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
n
atu
r
e
an
d
an
x
iety
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
ch
o
ices
as
well
as
wi
th
th
e
n
atu
r
e
an
d
p
ess
im
is
m
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
ch
o
ices.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Th
e
leve
l o
f c
a
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
o
f sen
io
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l stu
d
en
ts
b
a
s
ed
o
n
g
en
d
er
(
E
d
y
C
a
h
y
a
S
a
p
u
tr
a
)
173
Priy
asan
th
a
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
in
h
is
r
esear
ch
ex
p
lain
s
th
at
m
an
y
o
f
r
esear
ch
th
at
is
im
p
lied
ex
p
lain
s
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
r
ese
ar
ch
b
y
Priy
asan
th
a
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
,
f
o
u
r
d
eter
m
in
in
g
f
ac
to
r
s
f
o
r
ca
r
ee
r
i
n
d
ec
is
io
n
co
v
er
s
tu
d
en
t
’
s
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
in
d
iv
id
u
als,
co
n
tex
tu
al/en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
tal
f
a
cto
r
s
,
s
o
cial
f
ac
t
o
r
s
,
an
d
o
u
tco
m
es
f
r
o
m
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
.
So
m
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
er
s
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
r
esear
ch
th
at
r
ev
ea
le
d
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
af
f
ec
ted
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
Sid
ir
o
p
o
u
lo
u
-
Dim
ak
a
k
o
u
et
a
l
.
[
2
1
]
s
tates th
at
th
er
e
is
a
h
ig
h
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
d
y
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
ca
r
ee
r
th
in
k
in
g
o
f
c
ar
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
r
esear
c
h
th
at
h
a
s
b
ee
n
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t,
th
er
e
is
n
o
r
esear
ch
t
o
r
ev
iew
t
h
e
lev
el
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
in
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
T
h
is
ca
r
ee
r
lev
el
o
f
in
d
ec
is
io
n
d
ata
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
k
n
o
w
th
e
e
x
ten
t
o
f
teen
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
.
I
f
in
d
ee
d
f
o
u
n
d
a
h
ig
h
le
v
el
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
,
it
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
to
m
in
im
ize
o
r
tr
ea
t
it.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
m
ak
e
a
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
th
e
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
aim
to
ass
es
s
th
e
ex
ten
t
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
am
o
n
g
tee
n
ag
er
s
in
Ku
lo
n
Pro
g
o
r
eg
en
c
y
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia,
with
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
o
cu
s
o
n
g
en
d
er
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
ar
e
ab
le
to
k
n
o
w
wh
eth
er
th
er
e
is
a
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
th
e
lev
el
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
b
e
twee
n
m
ale
an
d
f
e
m
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
an
d
th
e
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
b
etwe
en
m
ale
an
d
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
Ku
lo
n
Pro
g
o
r
eg
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
a
r
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
h
el
p
th
e
teac
h
er
g
u
id
a
n
ce
an
d
c
o
u
n
s
elin
g
o
r
c
o
u
n
s
elo
r
to
m
ak
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
ca
r
ee
r
i
n
d
ec
is
io
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
b
y
tee
n
ag
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h m
e
t
ho
ds
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
u
s
ed
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
q
u
an
titativ
e
r
esear
ch
.
Qu
an
titativ
e
m
eth
o
d
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
s
tatis
t
ical
te
s
ts
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
u
n
d
er
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
u
s
ed
is
a
o
n
e
-
s
h
o
t c
ase
s
tu
d
y
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was u
s
ed
to
c
o
llect
s
u
r
v
e
y
d
ata
an
d
r
ev
ea
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
ca
r
ee
r
i
n
d
ec
is
io
n
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ec
lar
ed
eth
ically
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
2
0
1
1
W
HO
7
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
E
th
ics
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
Dir
ec
to
r
ate
o
f
R
esear
ch
an
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
ity
Ser
v
ice
at
Y
o
g
y
ak
a
r
ta
State
Un
iv
er
s
ity
b
a
s
ed
o
n
th
e
eth
ically
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
ce
r
tific
ate
No
.
T
/
3
/UN3
4
.
9
/KP.0
6
.
0
7
/2
0
2
4
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
u
s
ed
in
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
th
e
C
ar
ee
r
Dec
is
io
n
Ma
k
in
g
Dif
f
icu
lty
Qu
esti
o
n
n
air
e
(
C
DDQ)
wh
ich
was
ad
ap
ted
f
r
o
m
Gati
et
a
l.
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
C
DDQ
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t a
d
ap
te
d
in
I
n
d
o
n
esian
h
as b
ee
n
test
ed
f
o
r
v
alid
ity
o
f
0
.
9
4
1
b
ased
o
n
J
ay
an
ti
’
s
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
[
2
2
]
.
2
.
2
.
P
o
pu
la
t
io
n a
nd
s
a
m
ple
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
was
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
(
SMA)
/v
o
ca
tio
n
al
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
(
SMK)
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
th
e
Ku
lo
n
Pr
o
g
o
r
eg
e
n
cy
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
f
etch
in
g
m
eth
o
d
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
o
f
class
XI
I
(
1
2
th
g
r
ad
e
)
SMA/SMK
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
Ku
l
o
n
Pro
g
o
r
e
g
en
cy
is
3
,
6
0
0
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
am
p
les u
s
ed
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
wa
s
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
th
e
Slo
v
in
f
o
r
m
u
la
(
1
)
.
=
(
1
+
2
)
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
“
n
”
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
am
p
les,
“
N
”
is
a
s
y
m
b
o
l
o
f
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
ize,
an
d
“
e
”
is
a
s
y
m
b
o
l
o
f
er
r
o
r
to
ler
a
n
ce
(e
=
0
.
0
5
)
.
B
ased
o
n
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
Slo
v
in
f
o
r
m
u
la,
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
s
am
p
le
s
ize
in
v
o
lv
ed
3
6
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
s
o
th
e
s
am
p
l
e
s
ize
is
ad
eq
u
ate
f
o
r
t
h
is
r
ese
ar
ch
.
Sam
p
le
in
r
esear
ch
to
tal
in
g
3
6
1
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
2
4
s
en
io
r
/
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
h
ig
h
s
c
h
o
o
ls
class
XI
I
in
th
e
Ku
lo
n
Pro
g
o
R
eg
en
cy
in
clu
d
in
g
f
r
o
m
MA
N
1
Ku
lo
n
Pro
g
o
,
SMK
N
eg
er
i
1
Pen
g
as
ih
,
SMK
N
eg
er
i
1
Pan
jatan
,
SMA
N
eg
er
i
1
Pen
g
asih
,
SMK
M
u
h
am
m
ad
iy
a
h
1
W
ates,
SMA
N
eg
er
i
1
T
em
o
n
,
SMA
N
eg
er
i
1
Gir
im
u
ly
o
,
SMK
N
eg
er
i
2
Pen
g
asih
,
M
AN
2
Ku
lo
n
Pro
g
o
,
SMA
N
eg
er
i
1
Galu
r
,
SMK
N
eg
er
i
1
B
in
an
g
u
n
,
SMA
N
eg
er
i
1
K
o
k
ap
,
SMA
San
jay
a
Nan
g
g
u
lan
,
SMA
N
eg
er
i
1
L
e
n
d
ah
,
SMK
N
e
g
er
i
1
Sam
ig
alu
h
,
SMK
Ma
’
ar
if
2
T
em
o
n
,
SMK
B
OPKR
I
W
ates,
SM
A
M
u
h
am
m
ad
iy
a
h
1
W
ates,
SMA
San
jay
a
Gir
im
u
ly
o
,
SMA
Ma
’
ar
if
1
W
ates,
SMK
M
a’
ar
if
1
W
ates,
SMA
M
u
h
am
m
ad
iy
a
h
3
W
ates,
an
d
SMA
N
eg
er
i
2
W
ates.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t'
s
ag
e
is
ar
o
u
n
d
1
6
to
1
8
y
ea
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
les
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
2
9
5
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
an
d
6
6
m
ale
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
i
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
ale
an
d
f
em
ale
s
am
p
les wa
s
d
u
e
to
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
le
f
etch
in
g
.
2
.
3
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
u
s
ed
to
r
esear
ch
was
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
an
aly
s
is
.
Oth
er
s
wer
e
an
aly
ze
d
b
y
d
iv
id
in
g
th
em
in
to
th
r
ee
ca
teg
o
r
ies
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
estab
lis
h
ed
b
y
Gati
an
d
L
ev
in
[
2
3
]
co
v
er
in
g
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ca
teg
o
r
y
“salien
t”
a
s
co
r
e
>6
.
3
4
r
ef
lect
s
th
o
s
e
ca
teg
o
r
ies o
f
ca
r
ee
r
i
n
d
ec
is
io
n
an
d
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
an
aid
co
u
n
s
elo
r
t
o
h
an
d
le
it,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ca
teg
o
r
y
“m
o
d
er
ate”
a
s
co
r
e
b
etwe
en
3
.
3
3
u
n
til
6
.
3
3
,
r
e
f
lectin
g
th
e
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
ex
p
er
ien
ce
o
f
in
d
ec
is
io
n
b
u
t
it
h
as
en
o
u
g
h
t
o
m
ak
e
a
c
ar
ee
r
m
o
v
e,
a
n
d
t
h
e
th
ir
d
“
n
eg
lig
ib
le”
<
3
.
3
3
,
r
ef
lectin
g
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
ex
p
er
ien
ce
in
d
ec
is
io
n
m
in
im
an
d
q
u
ite
s
u
f
f
icien
t
to
m
ak
e
c
ar
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
.
A
n
an
aly
s
is
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
i
n
d
ec
is
io
n
b
etwe
en
m
ale
an
d
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
was c
ar
r
ied
o
u
t u
s
in
g
a
n
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t te
s
t sam
p
le
t
-
test
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
i
n
d
ec
is
io
n
s
co
r
es,
wh
ich
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
an
C
DDQ
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t th
at
h
as b
ee
n
f
illed
b
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
1
71
-
1
78
174
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t'
s
r
eliab
ilit
y
was
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
I
B
M
Statis
tic
SP
SS
2
5
ap
p
lic
atio
n
.
Data
co
llectio
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
C
DDQ
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
c
ar
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
1
0
0
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
Ku
lo
n
Pro
g
o
r
eg
en
c
y
.
T
h
ese
s
tu
d
en
t
s
d
id
n
o
t
tak
e
p
ar
t
in
t
h
e
ac
tu
al
s
tu
d
y
.
I
tem
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
aly
s
is
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
co
ef
f
ici
en
t
test
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
alp
h
a
v
alu
e
was
0
.
9
2
8
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
ws
ac
ce
p
tab
le
r
eliab
ilit
y
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
.
C
DDQ
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
ca
le
f
r
o
m
1
(
v
er
y
m
u
ch
n
o
t
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate)
to
9
(
v
er
y
s
u
itab
le)
[
2
4
]
.
C
DDQ
s
co
r
e
an
al
y
s
is
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
b
y
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
av
er
ag
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
s
co
r
es
wh
o
s
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
d
th
e
lev
el
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
i
n
d
ec
is
io
n
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
C
DDQ
s
co
r
e
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
b
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
h
ad
b
ee
n
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t i
n
th
e
ev
e
n
s
em
ester
o
f
th
e
2
0
2
2
/2
0
2
3
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Resul
t
s
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
w
er
e
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ed
b
y
g
e
n
d
er
b
y
a
to
tal
o
f
3
6
1
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
ale
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
was 6
6
,
an
d
th
e
to
tal
o
f
f
em
ale
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
was 2
9
5
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
p
r
ea
d
s
o
f
m
ale
an
d
f
em
ale
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wh
o
h
ad
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
s
is
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
lin
g
.
T
h
e
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
an
aly
s
is
tab
le
u
s
in
g
th
e
SP
SS
2
5
ap
p
licatio
n
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
l
e
1
.
Me
an
a
n
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
e
v
iatio
n
ar
e
in
d
icate
d
s
ep
ar
ately
f
o
r
m
ale
an
d
f
em
al
e.
T
ab
le
1
.
R
esu
lt o
f
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
an
aly
s
is
G
r
o
u
p
s
t
a
t
i
st
i
c
s
G
e
n
d
e
r
N
M
e
a
n
S
t
d
.
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
S
t
d
.
e
r
r
o
r
mea
n
S
c
o
r
e
1
(
ma
l
e
)
66
4
.
6
6
1
5
1
5
1
.
2
9
7
2
2
4
5
1
5
.
9
6
7
7
3
2
(
f
e
m
a
l
e
)
2
9
5
5
.
0
1
0
7
8
0
1
.
2
9
5
7
0
8
1
7
.
5
4
3
9
0
C
ar
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
is
d
iv
id
ed
i
n
to
th
r
ee
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
s
alien
t,
m
o
d
er
ate,
an
d
n
eg
lig
i
b
le.
R
esear
ch
r
esu
lts
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
th
e
C
DDQ
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
e
cisi
o
n
o
n
3
6
1
r
esp
o
n
d
er
s
g
o
t
8
9
r
esp
o
n
d
er
s
in
th
e
s
alien
t
ca
teg
o
r
y
,
2
2
8
r
esp
o
n
d
er
s
in
th
e
m
o
d
er
ate
ca
teg
o
r
y
,
an
d
4
4
r
esp
o
n
d
er
s
in
th
e
n
eg
lig
ib
le
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
d
ata
o
b
tain
ed
,
2
4
.
6
5
%
a
r
e
in
th
e
s
alien
t
ca
t
eg
o
r
y
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
th
at
2
4
.
6
5
%
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
n
ee
d
ass
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
teac
h
e
r
co
u
n
s
elin
g
o
r
a
co
u
n
s
elo
r
to
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
th
eir
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
.
As
m
an
y
as
6
3
.
1
5
% o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ar
e
in
th
e
m
o
d
er
a
te
ca
teg
o
r
y
,
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
in
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
b
u
t
ca
n
s
till
m
ak
e
a
ca
r
ee
r
m
o
v
e.
As
m
an
y
as
1
2
.
1
8
%
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ar
e
in
th
e
n
eg
lig
ib
le
ca
teg
o
r
y
,
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
n
o
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
a
n
d
wer
e
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
m
ak
in
g
a
ca
r
ee
r
d
ec
is
io
n
.
C
ar
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
d
ata
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
C
DDQ
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
b
y
g
en
d
er
s
h
o
ws
th
at
2
6
.
4
4
%
o
f
f
em
a
le
s
tu
d
en
t
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
le
v
els
o
r
as
m
an
y
as
7
8
s
tu
d
en
ts
b
el
o
n
g
to
th
e
s
alien
t
ca
teg
o
r
y
(
n
ee
d
s
co
u
n
s
elo
r
h
elp
)
,
6
2
.
3
7
%,
o
r
as
m
an
y
as
1
8
4
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
in
clu
d
e
d
in
th
e
m
o
d
er
ate
ca
teg
o
r
y
(
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
i
s
io
n
ca
n
s
till
s
o
lv
e
b
y
th
em
s
elv
es),
an
d
1
1
.
1
8
%
o
r
as
m
an
y
as
3
3
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
in
cl
u
d
ed
in
th
e
n
e
g
lig
ib
le
ca
teg
o
r
y
(
e
q
u
al
in
d
iv
id
u
als
ca
n
m
ak
e
th
eir
o
w
n
ca
r
ee
r
d
ec
is
io
n
s
)
.
Descr
ip
tiv
e
an
aly
s
is
s
h
o
ws
th
e
lev
el
o
f
c
ar
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
o
f
m
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
is
1
6
.
6
7
%
o
r
a
s
m
an
y
as
1
1
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
b
elo
n
g
to
th
e
s
alien
t
ca
teg
o
r
y
(
n
ee
d
s
h
elp
co
u
n
s
elo
r
)
,
6
6
.
6
7
%
o
r
as
m
an
y
as
4
4
s
t
u
d
en
ts
ar
e
in
clu
d
ed
in
t
h
e
m
o
d
er
ate
ca
teg
o
r
y
(
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
e
cisi
o
n
ca
n
s
till
b
e
o
v
er
co
m
e
o
n
its
o
wn
)
,
an
d
1
6
.
6
7
%
o
r
as
m
an
y
as
1
1
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
in
cl
u
d
ed
in
th
e
n
eg
li
g
ib
le
ca
teg
o
r
y
(
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
is
q
u
ite
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
m
ak
in
g
h
is
o
wn
ca
r
ee
r
d
ec
is
i
o
n
)
.
T
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
in
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
d
ata
f
o
r
m
ale
an
d
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
lev
el
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
r
esear
ch
c
an
b
e
u
s
ed
b
y
teac
h
er
s
,
wo
r
k
allian
ce
o
r
g
an
izer
s
,
o
r
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
r
g
an
izer
s
to
b
etter
f
ix
t
h
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
esp
ec
ially
in
ter
m
s
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
co
u
n
s
elin
g
.
T
h
e
d
ata
p
r
o
v
es
th
at
th
er
e
ar
e
s
till
h
ig
h
lev
els
o
f
in
d
ec
is
io
n
an
d
n
ee
d
h
elp
f
r
o
m
co
u
n
s
elo
r
s
to
m
ak
e
ca
r
ee
r
d
ec
is
io
n
s
f
o
r
b
o
t
h
f
em
ale
a
n
d
m
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
d
ata
s
h
o
ws
th
at
t
h
e
f
em
ale
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
t
was
2
9
5
a
n
d
th
e
m
ale
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
was
6
6
.
J
u
d
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
s
,
th
e
m
ale
an
d
f
em
a
le
s
am
p
les
wer
e
n
o
t
b
alan
ce
d
f
o
r
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
i
s
.
T
h
is
co
n
d
itio
n
is
u
s
u
ally
ca
lled
im
b
alan
ce
d
d
ata.
I
m
b
alan
ce
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
th
e
em
er
g
en
ce
o
f
m
an
y
m
ajo
r
class
es,
th
e
em
er
g
en
ce
o
f
a
f
ew
m
in
o
r
class
es,
o
r
th
e
em
er
g
en
ce
o
f
m
ajo
r
class
es
an
d
m
in
o
r
class
es
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
.
On
e
way
to
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
i
m
b
alan
ce
d
r
esear
ch
d
ata
is
to
u
s
e
u
n
d
er
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es.
U
n
d
er
s
am
p
lin
g
is
an
alg
o
r
ith
m
th
at
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
class
es
th
at
h
av
e
a
lar
g
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
r
e
d
u
ce
d
t
o
o
b
tain
a
b
alan
ce
d
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
[
2
5
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Th
e
leve
l o
f c
a
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
o
f sen
io
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l stu
d
en
ts
b
a
s
ed
o
n
g
en
d
er
(
E
d
y
C
a
h
y
a
S
a
p
u
tr
a
)
175
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
ar
ee
r
i
n
d
ec
is
io
n
d
a
ta
o
f
m
ale
an
d
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
T
h
e
u
n
d
er
s
am
p
lin
g
m
et
h
o
d
u
s
ed
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
a
clu
s
ter
in
g
-
b
ased
u
n
d
er
s
am
p
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
u
s
es
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
r
o
m
Yen
an
d
L
ee
[
2
6
]
wh
ich
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
s
tag
e
s
i)
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
d
ata
r
an
g
e;
ii)
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
class
es;
iii)
d
eter
m
in
in
g
t
h
e
class
len
g
th
;
iv
)
cr
ea
tin
g
class
in
ter
v
als;
v
)
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
r
atio
o
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
ies
f
o
r
ea
ch
m
ajo
r
ity
an
d
m
in
o
r
ity
class
in
ter
v
al;
an
d
v
i)
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
tak
in
g
h
o
w
m
u
c
h
m
ajo
r
ity
d
ata
will
b
e
tak
en
in
ea
ch
clu
s
ter
.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
s
o
th
at
th
e
d
ata
is
b
ala
n
ce
d
,
th
e
m
aj
o
r
ity
class
(
f
em
ale
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t)
i
s
tak
en
in
th
e
s
am
e
n
u
m
b
er
as
th
e
m
in
o
r
ity
class
(
m
ale
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t)
,
as m
u
ch
as
6
6
d
ata.
T
h
is
u
n
d
e
r
s
am
p
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
i
s
u
s
ed
to
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
th
e
im
b
al
an
ce
in
ca
r
ee
r
i
n
d
ec
is
io
n
s
co
r
e
d
ata
f
o
r
m
ale
an
d
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
o
s
ee
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
in
ca
r
ee
r
i
n
d
ec
is
io
n
b
etwe
en
m
ale
an
d
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
s
co
r
e
d
ata
was
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
s
am
p
le
t
-
test
b
y
th
e
SP
SS
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
r
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lts
o
f
th
e
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
s
am
p
le
t
-
test
o
f
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
s
co
r
es
o
f
m
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
f
em
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ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
ab
le
2
.
R
esu
lt o
f
in
d
ep
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d
en
t sam
p
le
T
-
test
Le
v
e
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’
s t
e
st
f
o
r
e
q
u
a
l
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t
y
o
f
v
a
r
i
a
n
c
e
s
T
-
t
e
st
f
o
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e
q
u
a
l
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t
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f
me
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n
s
F
S
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g
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t
df
S
i
g
.
(2
-
t
a
i
l
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)
M
e
a
n
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e
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c
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t
d
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e
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9
5
%
C
o
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p
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Eq
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4
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4
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3
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6
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Eq
u
a
l
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0
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2
4
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3
0
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0
7
.
3
5
4
-
1
2
.
2
5
2
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
s
am
p
le
t
-
test
s
co
r
e
o
f
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
o
f
m
ale
a
n
d
f
e
m
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
d
icate
a
v
alu
e
o
f
Sig
.
less
th
an
0
.
0
5
(
0
.
0
3
1
<0
.
0
5
)
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
b
etwe
en
m
al
e
an
d
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Fro
m
th
e
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
s
co
r
e
in
ter
v
al
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
th
e
lo
west
s
co
r
e
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
o
n
a
m
ale
s
tu
d
en
t'
s
ca
r
ee
r
is
h
ig
h
er
th
an
a
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
en
t's
s
co
r
e.
3
.
2
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
Data
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
C
ar
ee
r
Dec
is
io
n
Ma
k
i
n
g
Dif
f
icu
lties
Qu
esti
o
n
n
air
e
(
C
DDQ)
g
iv
es
an
in
itial
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
s
en
i
o
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
t
in
d
ec
is
io
n
in
th
e
Ku
l
o
n
Pro
g
o
r
eg
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
is
C
DDQ
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
h
as
b
ee
n
u
tili
ze
d
in
s
o
m
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
.
On
e
s
tu
d
y
th
at
u
s
ed
th
e
C
DDQ
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
h
as
a
g
o
al
to
g
iv
e
a
C
DDQ
i
n
ter
p
r
etatio
n
at
th
e
lev
el
o
f
item
s
t
h
at
ca
n
h
elp
in
g
iv
in
g
p
r
o
p
er
co
u
n
s
elin
g
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
ws
th
at
C
DDQ
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
an
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
o
f
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
in
p
r
ac
tice
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
in
te
r
v
en
tio
n
clien
ts
an
d
is
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
co
u
n
s
elin
g
.
I
n
its
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
C
DDQ
r
esu
lts
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
co
u
n
s
elo
r
to
m
ak
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
g
et
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
in
ter
ests
,
ch
ar
a
cter
is
tics
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
ality
,
an
d
v
alu
es
to
h
elp
s
o
lv
e
in
d
ec
is
io
n
.
An
aly
s
is
o
f
C
DDQ
ca
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
d
i
f
f
icu
lties
in
clien
ts
16.
67
16.
67
26
.
44
66
.
67
62
.
3
7
11
.
18
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
2
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2
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8
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I
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t
J
E
v
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&
R
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d
u
c
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Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
1
71
-
1
78
176
wh
ich
ca
n
u
ltima
tely
en
c
o
u
r
ag
e
co
u
n
s
elo
r
s
to
c
h
o
o
s
e
th
e
r
ig
h
t
ca
r
ee
r
in
te
r
v
en
tio
n
[
2
4
]
.
Nex
t,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
C
DDQ
in
ca
r
ee
r
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
wo
u
ld
b
e
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
is
e
in
ju
d
g
in
g
a
p
ar
tic
u
lar
ty
p
e
o
f
d
if
f
ic
u
lty
r
ep
o
r
ted
b
y
th
e
clien
t.
I
t c
an
b
e
ea
s
ier
to
d
o
d
i
ag
n
o
s
tics
test
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
An
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
C
DDQ
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
a
m
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
is
r
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
C
r
is
an
a
an
d
T
u
r
d
ab
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
ar
e
in
lin
e
with
r
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
C
r
is
an
a
an
d
T
u
r
d
a
b
[
2
7
]
.
C
r
iş
an
an
d
T
u
r
d
a
[
2
7
]
also
co
n
d
u
cte
d
a
s
tu
d
y
o
f
1
6
0
s
tu
d
en
t
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
at
th
e
Nat
io
n
al
C
o
lleg
e
“Dr
ag
o
d
Vo
d
a”
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
7
1
teen
ag
e
m
ales
an
d
8
9
teen
ag
e
f
em
ales.
Me
asu
r
em
en
t
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
in
r
esear
c
h
[
2
7
]
u
s
ed
th
e
C
DDQ
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
f
r
o
m
Gati
et
a
l.
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
[
2
7
]
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
teen
a
g
e
b
o
y
s
h
av
e
an
av
er
ag
e
h
ig
h
er
le
v
el
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
i
n
d
ec
is
io
n
th
a
n
g
ir
ls
.
R
esear
ch
by
Vaio
p
o
u
lo
u
et
a
l.
[
2
8
]
also
u
s
ed
th
e
C
DDQ
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
to
id
en
tify
an
d
d
ea
l
with
ca
r
ee
r
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
d
if
f
icu
lties
o
r
ca
r
ee
r
i
n
d
ec
is
io
n
in
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
b
ef
o
r
e
th
ey
co
n
tin
u
ed
t
o
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
am
e
r
esu
lts
wer
e
s
h
o
wn
b
y
r
esea
r
ch
c
o
n
d
u
cted
i
n
2
0
1
2
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
2
8
2
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
1
6
8
f
em
ales
an
d
1
1
4
m
ales
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
w
th
at
g
en
d
er
af
f
ec
ts
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
with
th
e
r
esu
lt o
f
t
value
>t
table
(
2
.
2
0
>
1
.
6
5
)
[
2
9
]
.
Das
et
a
l.
[
3
0
]
ex
p
lain
ed
th
at
g
en
d
er
in
f
lu
en
ce
in
ca
r
ee
r
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
is
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
b
e
ca
u
s
e
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
b
eg
in
to
ex
te
r
n
alize
g
e
n
d
er
r
o
les
ac
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
eir
s
o
cial
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
p
r
ac
tices.
Das
also
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
i
n
ca
r
ee
r
asp
ir
atio
n
s
o
f
b
o
y
s
wo
u
ld
p
r
io
r
itize
th
e
f
in
an
cial
s
id
e,
wh
ile
g
ir
ls
'
p
r
io
r
ities
will
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
life
an
d
wo
r
k
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
c
ar
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
,
th
e
tax
o
n
o
m
y
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
if
f
icu
lties
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
in
d
ec
is
io
n
.
Dif
f
icu
lty
in
m
ak
i
n
g
ca
r
ee
r
d
ec
is
io
n
s
is
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
in
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t
o
f
a
lack
o
f
r
ea
d
in
ess
in
th
e
ca
r
ee
r
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
a
lack
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
r
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
a
t is n
o
t b
y
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
No
t
ad
d
r
ess
ed
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
i
o
n
will
ca
u
s
e
a
lo
t
o
f
wo
r
r
y
,
an
x
iety
,
an
d
co
n
tem
p
latio
n
[
3
1
]
.
T
ib
b
ett
an
d
Fer
r
a
r
i
[
3
1
]
ex
p
lain
ed
th
at
in
d
ec
is
io
n
is
a
m
alad
ap
tiv
e
d
elay
in
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
wh
en
f
ac
ed
with
c
o
n
f
lict
o
r
ch
o
ice.
Ne
x
t,
T
ib
b
et
a
n
d
Fer
r
ar
i
ad
d
ed
t
h
at
in
d
ec
is
io
n
will
ca
u
s
e
a
lo
s
s
b
ec
a
u
s
e
wh
en
in
d
i
v
id
u
als
h
a
v
e
in
d
ec
is
io
n
,
th
e
n
t
h
ey
ca
n
n
o
t
m
ak
e
a
d
ec
is
io
n
s
o
d
o
n
o
th
i
n
g
.
I
n
d
iv
id
u
als
wh
o
h
a
v
e
in
d
ec
is
io
n
ar
e
n
o
t
ab
le
t
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
d
ec
is
io
n
m
ak
in
g
an
d
th
er
e
is
a
d
ec
is
io
n
d
elay
,
m
ak
in
g
th
em
s
p
en
d
a
lo
t
o
f
tim
e
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
[
3
1
]
.
Pro
v
id
in
g
ca
r
ee
r
g
u
id
a
n
ce
an
d
co
u
n
s
elin
g
s
er
v
ices
is
v
er
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
s
ch
o
o
l
co
u
n
s
e
lo
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
ac
tice
s
co
p
e
an
d
th
e
ch
a
r
a
cter
is
tics
o
f
s
er
v
ice
also
n
ee
d
to
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
wh
en
b
ec
o
m
in
g
a
c
o
m
p
eten
t
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
[
3
2
]
.
T
o
m
e
et
clien
ts
'
n
ee
d
s
,
s
o
m
e
o
n
ly
n
ee
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
an
d
s
o
m
e
n
ee
d
ad
v
ice
[
3
2
]
.
I
n
m
a
k
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
,
clien
ts
n
ee
d
g
u
id
an
ce
in
o
b
tain
in
g
r
elev
an
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
c
o
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
[
3
2
]
.
C
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
co
u
n
s
elin
g
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
p
lan
f
o
r
clien
ts
wh
o
h
av
e
m
a
n
y
o
b
s
tacle
s
to
h
av
in
g
a
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
l
f
u
t
u
r
e
[
3
2
]
.
Qu
a
lity
ca
r
ee
r
g
u
id
an
ce
an
d
co
u
n
s
elin
g
s
er
v
ices
ca
n
b
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
ad
o
p
tin
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
an
d
v
alid
atin
g
th
e
co
m
p
ete
n
cies
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
o
f
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
[
3
2
]
.
Am
in
i
et
a
l.
[
3
3
]
ex
p
lain
e
d
th
at
em
o
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t f
r
o
m
teac
h
e
r
s
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t in
en
c
o
u
r
a
g
in
g
ca
r
ee
r
ex
p
l
o
r
atio
n
a
m
o
n
g
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l stu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
en
t
’
s
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
i
o
n
ca
n
b
e
s
o
lv
e
d
wh
en
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
th
at
ca
u
s
e
th
em
ar
e
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
.
T
h
e
ca
r
ee
r
co
u
n
s
elo
r
ca
n
r
ely
o
n
th
e
tax
o
n
o
m
y
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
C
DDQ
wh
ich
co
v
e
r
s
:
i
)
lack
o
f
m
o
tiv
atio
n
;
ii
)
lack
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
s
elf
an
d
d
y
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
b
elief
s
;
iii
)
lack
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
;
iv
)
g
en
er
al
in
d
ec
en
cy
;
v
)
in
ter
n
al
co
n
f
lict
;
an
d
vi
)
ex
ter
n
al
co
n
f
licts
.
T
h
e
way
to
s
o
lv
e
th
ese
p
r
o
b
lem
s
is
to
s
ee
wh
ich
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
co
r
es
o
f
p
r
o
m
in
en
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
an
d
th
en
th
e
c
o
u
n
s
el
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ically
we
n
t
o
n
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
t
h
e
clien
t.
B
y
u
s
in
g
C
DDQ,
i
t
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
e
in
iti
al
d
iag
n
o
s
is
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t c
au
s
e
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
g
u
id
an
ce
a
n
d
c
o
u
n
s
elin
g
p
r
ac
ti
tio
n
er
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
p
latf
o
r
m
f
o
r
d
esig
n
i
n
g
ca
r
ee
r
c
o
u
n
s
elin
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
f
o
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
d
ata
r
elate
d
to
th
e
lev
el
o
f
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
as
a
s
tr
ateg
y
t
o
h
a
n
d
le
s
tu
d
en
t
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
.
Stu
d
en
ts
’
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
m
ak
in
g
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
ch
o
ices
is
attr
ib
u
ted
to
a
d
e
f
icien
cy
in
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
p
at
h
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
h
av
e
m
o
tiv
ated
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
ac
tiv
ely
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
.
T
h
e
lim
itati
o
n
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
h
as
n
o
t
n
o
ticed
w
h
eth
er
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
h
ad
r
ec
eiv
ed
ca
r
ee
r
g
u
id
a
n
ce
an
d
c
o
u
n
s
elin
g
s
er
v
ices
b
ef
o
r
e
f
illi
n
g
o
u
t
th
e
C
DDQ
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
C
DDQ
is
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
,
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
b
en
e
f
it
o
f
u
s
in
g
C
DDQ
will
b
e
m
o
r
e
f
elt
wh
en
a
c
o
n
s
u
ltan
t
ca
n
a
n
aly
ze
t
h
e
clien
t
’
s
r
esp
o
n
s
e
t
o
ea
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
item
to
g
et
a
b
ett
er
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
clie
n
t’
s
n
ee
d
s
in
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ca
r
ee
r
co
u
n
s
elin
g
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
in
d
e
p
en
d
en
t
s
am
p
le
t
-
test
in
d
icate
d
th
at
th
er
e
ar
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
b
etwe
en
m
ale
an
d
f
em
ale
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
it
b
ec
o
m
es
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
c
o
n
s
id
er
g
e
n
d
er
as
a
f
ac
t
o
r
ca
u
s
in
g
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
.
T
h
e
lim
itatio
n
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
th
at
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Th
e
leve
l o
f c
a
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
o
f sen
io
r
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l stu
d
en
ts
b
a
s
ed
o
n
g
en
d
er
(
E
d
y
C
a
h
y
a
S
a
p
u
tr
a
)
177
th
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
f
m
ales
an
d
f
em
ales
is
less
b
alan
ce
d
.
Data
im
b
alan
ce
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
o
v
er
co
m
e
b
y
u
n
d
er
s
am
p
lin
g
tech
n
i
q
u
es.
U
n
d
er
s
am
p
lin
g
is
a
b
alan
ce
b
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
class
es
th
at
ap
p
e
ar
m
o
r
e
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
an
aly
s
is
s
h
o
wed
th
at
m
o
s
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
in
th
e
s
alien
t
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
Fo
r
th
at
r
ea
s
o
n
,
ass
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
co
u
n
s
elin
g
ca
r
ee
r
s
er
v
ices is n
ee
d
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
ar
e
u
n
ab
le
to
d
ec
id
e
s
o
m
eth
in
g
f
o
r
th
eir
ca
r
ee
r
s
.
C
o
u
n
s
elo
r
s
ca
n
lo
o
k
b
ac
k
o
n
C
DDQ
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
s
co
r
es
f
r
o
m
ca
r
ee
r
in
d
ec
is
io
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
cr
ea
te
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
o
r
ca
r
ee
r
i
n
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
i
n
ca
r
ee
r
g
u
i
d
an
ce
an
d
c
o
u
n
s
elin
g
s
er
v
ices.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
N
.
M
.
R
a
d
z
i
w
i
l
l
,
“
B
o
o
k
R
e
v
i
e
w
s
:
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
t
h
i
n
d
u
st
r
i
a
l
r
e
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
:
K
l
a
u
s
S
c
h
w
a
b
.
2
0
1
6
,
”
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
2
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
8
–
1
0
9
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
0
/
1
0
6
8
6
9
6
7
.
2
0
1
8
.
1
4
3
6
3
5
5
.
[
2
]
R
.
W
.
Le
n
t
a
n
d
S
.
D
.
B
r
o
w
n
,
“
S
o
c
i
a
l
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