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14
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Feb
r
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20
25
:
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es
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t
o
f
s
m
a
r
t
ed
u
c
ati
o
n
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
ts
its
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
a
ti
v
e
i
m
p
a
ct
o
n
e
d
u
c
ati
o
n
al
in
f
r
ast
r
u
ct
u
r
e
,
m
a
k
i
n
g
le
a
r
n
in
g
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
m
o
r
e
en
g
ag
in
g
an
d
i
n
te
lli
g
e
n
t
[
9
]
.
B
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
lea
r
n
i
n
g
q
u
a
lit
y
an
d
f
o
s
te
r
i
n
g
c
r
e
ati
v
i
ty
a
n
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
s
k
ills
,
s
m
a
r
t
e
d
u
c
ati
o
n
b
e
n
ef
its
b
o
t
h
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
an
d
te
ac
h
e
r
s
,
e
n
a
b
li
n
g
t
h
e
latt
er
t
o
r
e
f
i
n
e
t
h
e
ir
s
k
ills
a
n
d
d
e
li
v
e
r
t
ail
o
r
e
d
le
ar
n
i
n
g
ex
p
e
r
i
en
ce
s
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
c
o
r
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
s
m
ar
t
ed
u
c
ati
o
n
in
cl
u
d
e
te
ch
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
in
n
o
v
ati
v
e
p
e
d
a
g
o
g
y
,
p
r
o
ac
ti
v
e
t
ea
ch
er
s
,
a
n
d
a
cti
v
el
y
en
g
ag
e
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
[
1
1
]
.
I
n
lig
h
t
o
f
th
ese
a
d
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
esen
ts
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
b
ib
lio
m
et
r
ic
an
aly
s
is
o
f
s
m
ar
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
em
er
g
i
n
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
en
h
an
cin
g
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
B
y
ex
am
i
n
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t
tr
e
n
d
s
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
e
v
alu
ates
th
e
ir
g
lo
b
al
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
o
f
f
er
s
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
h
o
w
th
e
y
ar
e
s
h
ap
in
g
t
h
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
o
f
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
.
T
h
e
m
ain
g
o
al
is
to
b
r
id
g
e
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
th
e
im
p
lem
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
s
m
ar
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
a
n
d
th
eir
im
p
ac
t
o
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
also
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
o
v
er
v
ie
w
o
f
h
o
w
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
ar
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
ai
m
s
to
p
r
o
ject
f
u
t
u
r
e
tr
en
d
s
as
th
ey
co
n
tin
u
e
t
o
ev
o
l
v
e,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
p
r
ac
tical
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
e
d
u
ca
t
o
r
s
,
p
o
licy
m
ak
er
s
,
a
n
d
r
esear
ch
er
s
o
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
in
teg
r
a
tin
g
th
ese
to
o
ls
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
q
u
ality
a
n
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
we
u
n
d
er
to
o
k
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
tr
en
d
o
f
s
m
ar
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
p
ar
t
icu
lar
ly
in
r
elatio
n
to
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
en
h
a
n
ce
teac
h
in
g
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
.
T
o
a
cc
o
m
p
lis
h
th
is
,
we
am
alg
am
ated
d
ata
f
r
o
m
two
d
atab
ases
,
Sco
p
u
s
a
n
d
W
eb
o
f
Scien
ce
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
a
b
led
u
s
to
g
ath
er
a
v
ast am
o
u
n
t o
f
d
ata
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
[
1
2
]
.
W
e
d
ef
in
ed
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
ea
r
ch
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
to
s
tr
ea
m
lin
e
o
u
r
d
a
ta
co
llectio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
ese
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
in
clu
d
ed
‘
s
m
ar
t e
d
u
ca
tio
n
’
,
w
h
ich
was f
u
r
th
er
co
m
b
i
n
ed
with
ter
m
s
r
elate
d
to
em
er
g
in
g
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies s
u
ch
as,
‘
b
ig
d
ata’
,
‘
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
i
n
g
s
’
,
‘
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
e
n
ce
’
,
‘
v
ir
tu
al
r
ea
lity
’
,
a
n
d
‘
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
’
.
T
h
ese
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
wer
e
ess
en
tial f
o
r
g
u
id
in
g
o
u
r
s
ea
r
ch
an
d
co
llectin
g
r
elev
an
t
d
ata.
W
e
also
esta
b
lis
h
ed
a
tim
e
f
r
am
e
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
2
to
2
0
2
4
to
o
f
f
er
a
cu
r
r
e
n
t
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
n
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
in
s
m
ar
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
we
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
r
esear
ch
a
r
ticles
an
d
co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
p
a
p
er
s
to
k
ee
p
th
e
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
an
d
r
elev
a
n
ce
o
f
o
u
r
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
allo
wed
u
s
to
co
m
p
ile
a
lar
g
e
d
ataset,
in
clu
d
in
g
3
7
8
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
f
r
o
m
2
2
7
d
is
tin
ct
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
b
y
2
4
1
au
th
o
r
s
.
T
h
is
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
d
ataset
f
o
r
m
ed
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
o
u
r
d
etailed
an
aly
s
is
o
f
tr
en
d
s
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
in
s
m
ar
t e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
B
ibl
io
m
et
ric
a
na
l
y
s
is
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
o
u
r
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
,
b
ased
o
n
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
W
eb
o
f
Scien
ce
an
d
Sco
p
u
s
d
ata
b
ases
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
f
er
s
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
r
elate
d
to
s
m
ar
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
2
to
2
0
2
4
.
I
t
also
id
en
tifie
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
ac
tiv
e
au
th
o
r
s
,
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
an
d
co
u
n
tr
ies
th
at
h
av
e
m
a
d
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
to
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
s
m
ar
t e
d
u
ca
tio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
3
.
1
.
1
.
Annu
a
l
s
cient
if
ic
pro
d
uct
io
n pub
li
s
hi
ng
T
h
e
ad
v
en
t
o
f
s
m
ar
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ap
p
ea
r
s
to
h
av
e
b
e
g
u
n
i
n
2
0
1
3
,
m
a
r
k
ed
b
y
th
e
p
io
n
ee
r
in
g
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
s
o
f
s
ev
er
al
r
esear
ch
er
s
[
1
3
]
–
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
ese
wer
e
th
e
o
n
ly
th
r
ee
p
a
p
er
s
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
th
at
y
ea
r
.
Ou
r
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
a
n
aly
s
is
in
d
icate
s
a
1
5
.
5
3
%
an
n
u
al
g
r
o
wth
r
ate
in
th
e
s
cien
tific
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
s
m
ar
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
f
ield
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
3
to
2
0
2
4
,
with
th
is
tr
en
d
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
3
to
2
0
2
3
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Ho
wev
er
,
in
2
0
2
4
,
u
p
to
Ma
r
ch
,
th
er
e
wer
e
1
0
ar
ticles
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
:
f
o
u
r
o
n
AI
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
s
m
ar
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
6
]
–
[
2
0
]
; th
r
ee
o
n
th
e
i
n
ter
n
e
t o
f
th
in
g
s
[
1
]
,
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
; a
n
d
o
n
e
o
n
b
ig
d
ata
an
d
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
[
2
3
]
.
I
n
2
0
2
3
,
t
h
er
e
was
8
2
a
r
ticles
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
,
m
ar
k
in
g
t
h
e
h
ig
h
est
an
n
u
al
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
p
u
b
li
ca
tio
n
s
an
d
r
ef
lectin
g
th
e
f
ield
’
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
g
r
o
wth
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
g
e
in
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
b
etwe
en
2
0
1
9
an
d
2
0
2
1
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
d
em
a
n
d
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
-
r
elate
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
.
As
th
e
f
ield
o
f
s
m
ar
t
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
co
n
tin
u
es
to
ev
o
lv
e
with
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
r
ec
en
t
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
cien
tific
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
r
is
e
an
n
u
ally
,
p
ar
t
icu
lar
ly
d
r
iv
e
n
b
y
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
e
n
ts
in
th
ese
em
er
g
in
g
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
s
ma
r
t
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies:
to
w
a
r
d
s
a
n
ew p
ed
a
g
o
g
ica
l p
a
r
a
d
ig
m
(
A
min
e
Deh
b
i)
299
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
An
n
u
al
s
cien
tific
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
a
r
ticles
T
ab
le
1
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
l
if
ic
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
in
th
e
r
ea
lm
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
d
ata
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
b
o
th
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
an
d
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
ese
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
v
er
tim
e
.
L
ea
d
in
g
th
e
lis
t
is
“
C
o
n
cu
r
r
en
cy
an
d
C
o
m
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t
o
n
ly
ac
k
n
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wled
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es
th
ese
p
r
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m
in
e
n
t
au
th
o
r
s
f
o
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th
eir
s
u
b
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tial
co
n
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ib
u
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u
t
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p
r
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ch
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o
lo
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ical
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er
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ec
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ed
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h
t
o
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e
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o
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tio
n
o
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eir
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ch
o
lar
l
y
in
v
o
lv
em
e
n
t w
ith
ed
u
ca
tio
n
-
r
e
lated
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
o
p
1
0
au
th
o
r
s
’
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
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e
3
.
1
.
3
.
Ana
ly
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is
o
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k
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o
rds
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m
a
pp
ing
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wo
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,
a
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re
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g
t
o
pics
in t
hi
s
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ud
y
T
h
e
k
ey
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r
d
n
etwo
r
k
m
ap
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er
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es a
s
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v
alu
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l f
o
r
d
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to
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icac
ies an
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u
ctu
r
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a
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tific
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ield
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er
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g
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n
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ig
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tin
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ip
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o
n
g
k
ey
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th
at
d
o
m
ain
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I
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
we
o
b
s
er
v
e
a
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al
r
ep
r
esen
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icate
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ip
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ed
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g
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d
s
in
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
E
d
u
ca
tio
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ies
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ac
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ity
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ich
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aw
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ig
n
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ican
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in
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e
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en
ce
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o
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es
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t
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ar
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ed
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ce
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al
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e,
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ig
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te
d
b
y
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p
r
o
m
in
en
ce
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
in
ter
wea
v
i
n
g
o
f
s
m
ar
t
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
with
em
er
g
in
g
tech
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o
lo
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ies
lik
e
th
e
I
o
T
,
b
ig
d
a
ta,
AI
,
a
n
d
VR
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
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o
tewo
r
th
y
,
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
a
co
m
p
ellin
g
n
ex
u
s
th
at
h
o
ld
s
im
m
en
s
e
p
o
ten
tial f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
am
alg
a
m
atio
n
o
f
th
ese
k
e
y
elem
en
ts
n
o
t
o
n
ly
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
f
o
c
u
s
o
f
s
ch
o
lar
ly
wo
r
k
b
u
t
also
h
i
n
ts
at
th
e
tr
aje
cto
r
y
o
f
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
in
th
e
f
ield
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
t
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
s
u
ch
as
s
m
ar
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
in
co
n
j
u
n
ctio
n
with
s
p
ec
if
ic
em
er
g
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
lik
e
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lit
y
,
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
i
n
g
s
,
an
d
a
r
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
p
o
in
ts
to
a
s
u
s
tain
ed
an
d
e
v
o
l
v
in
g
e
m
p
h
asis
o
n
e
x
p
lo
r
i
n
g
th
e
s
y
n
er
g
ies
a
n
d
im
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
with
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
lan
d
s
ca
p
e.
T
h
is
in
ter
co
n
n
e
cted
n
ess
r
ev
ea
ls
a
d
y
n
am
ic
lan
d
s
ca
p
e,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
r
esear
ch
er
s
an
d
s
tak
eh
o
l
d
er
s
with
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
to
n
a
v
ig
ate
th
e
ev
o
lv
i
n
g
co
n
to
u
r
s
o
f
s
m
ar
t e
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
its
in
ter
s
ec
tio
n
with
cu
ttin
g
-
ed
g
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
-
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
k
e
y
wo
r
d
n
etwo
r
k
h
i
g
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
m
o
s
t u
s
ed
an
d
r
ec
u
r
r
i
n
g
k
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
Ov
er
th
e
p
ast
d
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ad
e,
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
3
to
2
0
2
3
,
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
t
u
s
e
o
f
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
s
u
ch
as
"
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
,
"
"
b
ig
d
ata,
"
an
d
"a
r
tific
ial
i
n
tellig
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r
ef
lects
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
tr
en
d
in
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
ese
cu
ttin
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-
ed
g
e
tech
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o
lo
g
ies
i
n
to
s
m
ar
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ed
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ca
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n
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
ap
p
ea
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an
ce
o
f
th
ese
ter
m
s
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ig
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cial
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o
le
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ea
s
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g
im
p
o
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tan
ce
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d
is
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s
s
io
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s
ab
o
u
t
tech
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lo
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ical
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n
teg
r
atio
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ca
tio
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.
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h
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al
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aly
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is
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n
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er
s
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r
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e
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g
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ter
est
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ex
p
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o
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atio
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th
e
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iv
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s
e
ap
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licatio
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o
f
th
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h
n
o
lo
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ies
with
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th
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ed
u
ca
tio
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al
s
ec
to
r
.
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d
itio
n
ally
,
o
u
r
n
etwo
r
k
m
ap
p
in
g
v
is
u
ally
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
m
p
l
ex
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
am
o
n
g
th
ese
k
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ter
m
s
an
d
t
h
eir
r
elate
d
c
o
u
n
te
r
p
ar
ts
.
T
h
is
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
ca
p
tu
r
es
th
e
th
e
m
atic
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
an
d
o
f
f
er
s
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
v
iew
o
f
th
e
s
y
n
er
g
ies
an
d
d
ep
en
d
en
cies
with
in
th
e
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
lan
d
s
ca
p
e.
W
h
en
co
m
b
in
ed
with
o
u
r
d
etailed
k
ey
w
o
r
d
a
n
aly
s
is
,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
t
h
is
m
ap
p
in
g
o
f
f
e
r
s
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
.
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
n
etwo
r
k
m
ap
p
i
n
g
with
k
ey
wo
r
d
an
aly
s
is
,
we
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
n
u
an
ce
d
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
p
r
ev
ailin
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
-
r
elate
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
is
d
u
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
ab
les
s
ch
o
lar
s
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
,
an
d
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
to
n
a
v
ig
ate
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ities
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ic
al
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
a
d
ee
p
er
ap
p
r
ec
iatio
n
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
la
n
d
s
ca
p
e
,
an
d
p
av
in
g
th
e
way
f
o
r
in
f
o
r
m
ed
e
x
p
lo
r
atio
n
an
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
2
2
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
297
-
309
302
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
E
v
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
d
y
n
a
m
ic
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
o
v
er
tim
e
3
.
2
.
B
ra
nch
f
ields
o
f
s
m
a
rt
e
du
ca
t
io
n
Fo
llo
win
g
o
u
r
b
i
b
lio
m
etr
ic
s
tu
d
y
in
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
we
h
av
e
id
en
tifie
d
a
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
th
e
r
ea
lm
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
alo
n
g
with
p
er
tin
en
t
a
r
ticles
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
to
lig
h
t
b
y
th
is
in
itial
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
we
will
d
elv
e
in
to
ea
ch
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
’
s
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
with
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
ea
c
h
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
ex
p
lo
r
es
th
e
d
iv
er
s
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e
o
f
s
m
ar
t
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
co
v
er
in
g
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
in
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
s
u
ch
as
s
m
ar
t
ca
m
p
u
s
es
an
d
k
ey
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
,
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
(
A
I
)
,
b
ig
d
ata,
v
ir
t
u
al
r
ea
lity
(
VR
)
,
an
d
a
u
g
m
e
n
ted
r
ea
lity
(
AR
)
.
3
.
2
.
1
.
Sm
a
rt
c
a
m
pu
s
A
s
m
ar
t
ca
m
p
u
s
is
an
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
co
n
ce
p
t
th
at
in
teg
r
ates
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
a
n
d
s
er
v
ices
to
cr
ea
te
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
lear
n
i
n
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
is
co
n
ce
p
t
is
f
o
u
n
d
ed
o
n
em
er
g
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
n
e
x
t
-
g
en
er
atio
n
i
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
es,
in
c
lu
d
in
g
th
e
I
o
T
,
b
ig
d
ata
,
v
ir
t
u
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
a
n
d
m
o
b
ile
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
f
ac
ilit
ate
th
e
in
t
eg
r
atio
n
an
d
s
h
ar
in
g
o
f
d
iv
e
r
s
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
as
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
b
y
Ma
h
ar
iy
a
[
2
4
]
.
Fro
m
an
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
p
er
s
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ec
tiv
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e
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ar
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n
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u
ctin
g
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ig
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r
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o
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iv
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o
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.
T
h
is
p
l
atf
o
r
m
p
r
im
a
r
ily
p
r
o
v
id
es
in
t
ellig
en
t
s
er
v
ices
to
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tak
eh
o
ld
e
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
,
teac
h
er
s
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
p
ar
en
ts
,
an
d
th
e
p
u
b
lic.
T
h
e
s
m
ar
t
ca
m
p
u
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
ew
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
a
r
ad
ig
m
k
n
o
wn
as
“
s
m
ar
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
”
,
wh
ich
en
co
m
p
ass
es
s
m
ar
t
teac
h
in
g
,
r
esear
ch
,
in
te
r
ac
tio
n
,
ad
m
in
is
t
r
atio
n
,
class
r
o
o
m
s
,
an
d
s
er
v
ic
es
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
g
o
al
is
to
estab
lis
h
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
p
r
ac
t
ical,
an
d
co
m
f
o
r
tab
le
teac
h
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
f
o
r
th
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
n
o
t
o
n
ly
e
n
h
an
ce
s
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
b
u
t
also
b
o
ls
ter
s
th
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
’
s
ca
p
a
city
to
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
s
o
cieta
l
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
h
e
p
r
o
life
r
atio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
s
h
as
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
d
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
p
latf
o
r
m
s
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
tim
e,
th
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
u
s
e
o
f
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
es
an
d
s
m
ar
t
ca
r
d
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
o
s
e
b
ased
o
n
r
a
d
io
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
id
e
n
tific
a
tio
n
(
R
FID
)
,
h
as
r
ea
ch
e
d
a
le
v
el
th
at
en
ab
les
th
e
v
ir
tu
aliza
tio
n
o
f
s
m
ar
t
ca
m
p
u
s
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
[
2
6
]
.
As
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lear
n
er
s
in
cr
ea
s
es,
tr
ad
itio
n
al
lo
g
is
tics
s
er
v
ices
an
d
ca
m
p
u
s
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
m
ay
s
tr
u
g
g
le
to
m
ee
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
d
aily
n
ee
d
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
teg
r
atin
g
I
o
T
an
d
AI
in
to
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
ec
t
o
r
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
ally
en
h
an
cin
g
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
s
ev
er
al
ch
allen
g
es
ass
o
ciate
d
with
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ca
m
p
u
s
m
an
ag
em
en
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
to
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
b
u
ild
s
m
ar
t
ca
m
p
u
s
es
.
Dig
itizin
g
ca
m
p
u
s
s
er
v
ices
an
d
u
tili
zin
g
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
tim
u
late
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
r
esear
ch
with
in
th
e
ca
m
p
u
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
tr
ain
in
g
s
tu
d
en
t
s
in
n
etwo
r
k
s
ec
u
r
ity
ca
n
lead
to
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
m
m
u
n
ity
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
an
d
ad
v
an
ce
d
c
y
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
tr
ain
i
n
g
.
Var
io
u
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
s
u
ch
as
h
o
m
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
an
d
s
en
s
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
a
n
d
d
ep
lo
y
ed
to
m
ee
t
th
ese
n
ee
d
s
.
Netwo
r
k
co
v
e
r
ag
e
is
co
n
ce
p
tu
alize
d
as
a
v
ir
tu
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
u
tili
ze
d
i
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
to
f
u
lly
lev
er
a
g
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
b
en
e
f
its
o
f
th
ese
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
ar
e
r
ea
lize
d
with
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
te
x
t
[
2
7
]
.
3
.
2
.
2
.
B
ig
da
t
a
in educa
t
io
n
Data
co
llectio
n
is
n
o
t
a
n
ew
c
o
n
ce
p
t
f
o
r
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
.
Fo
r
y
ea
r
s
,
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
h
a
v
e
g
ath
er
e
d
d
ata
o
n
m
etr
ics
,
s
u
ch
as
s
u
cc
ess
r
ates,
d
r
o
p
o
u
t
r
ates,
a
n
d
s
tu
d
en
t
en
r
o
lm
e
n
t.
T
h
ese
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
h
av
e
tr
ad
itio
n
ally
b
ee
n
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
,
o
f
ten
n
o
t
r
e
q
u
ir
in
g
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
[
2
8
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
with
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
s
ma
r
t
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies:
to
w
a
r
d
s
a
n
ew p
ed
a
g
o
g
ica
l p
a
r
a
d
ig
m
(
A
min
e
Deh
b
i)
303
ad
v
en
t
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
th
e
v
o
lu
m
e
o
f
d
ata
g
en
er
ated
b
y
v
ar
io
u
s
d
ev
ices
h
as
in
cr
ea
s
ed
,
p
r
esen
tin
g
n
ew
ch
allen
g
e
s
in
m
an
a
g
in
g
a
n
d
i
n
ter
p
r
etin
g
th
is
v
ast
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
o
a
d
d
r
ess
th
e
ch
allen
g
es,
s
ev
er
al
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
ar
e
b
ein
g
d
ev
elo
p
ed
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
s
to
r
e
an
d
a
n
aly
ze
d
ata.
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
ar
e
o
p
tim
is
tic
ab
o
u
t th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
to
o
f
f
er
d
e
ep
er
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
s
tu
d
e
n
t p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
B
ig
d
ata,
o
f
ten
d
ef
in
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
“3
Vs”
-
v
ar
iety
,
v
el
o
city
,
an
d
v
o
lu
m
e,
p
r
esen
ts
u
n
i
q
u
e
ch
allen
g
es
wh
en
in
teg
r
ated
in
to
ed
u
c
atio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
r
ad
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
ten
f
all
s
h
o
r
t
in
th
is
r
eg
ar
d
,
as
th
ey
ca
n
n
o
t
ty
p
ically
p
r
o
v
id
e
im
m
ed
iate
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
t
o
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
e
teac
h
er
s
to
s
p
en
d
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
tim
e
o
n
r
ep
etitiv
e
task
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
t
h
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
d
o
n
o
t
o
f
f
er
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
r
ac
tical
g
u
id
an
ce
o
n
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
eir
ac
ad
em
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
m
o
d
er
n
d
i
g
ital
lear
n
in
g
t
o
o
ls
,
wh
ich
tr
ac
k
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
lea
r
n
in
g
p
atter
n
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
c
an
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
en
h
a
n
ce
s
tu
d
en
t
o
u
tc
o
m
es
-
s
k
ills
th
at
ar
e
g
en
er
ally
ab
s
en
t
in
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
[
2
9
]
.
Un
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
n
ee
d
s
an
d
ch
allen
g
es
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
en
ab
lin
g
th
e
m
t
o
b
etter
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
in
th
eir
s
tu
d
ies
an
d
ass
ess
co
u
r
s
e
d
if
f
icu
lty
lev
els.
Vis
u
alizin
g
d
ata
p
lay
s
a
k
ey
r
o
le
in
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
as
s
is
tin
g
t
ea
ch
er
s
in
g
u
id
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
a
tten
tio
n
to
s
p
ec
if
ic
ar
ea
s
.
T
h
is
is
an
ess
en
tial a
s
p
e
ct
o
f
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
teac
h
in
g
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
,
wh
ic
h
b
ig
d
ata
ca
n
f
ac
ilit
ate
[
3
0
]
.
Desp
ite
it
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
t b
en
ef
its
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
ig
d
ata
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
s
ev
er
al
ch
allen
g
es.
First,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
co
llectio
n
o
f
lar
g
e
v
o
lu
m
es
o
f
d
ata
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
s
p
ec
if
ic
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
an
d
an
aly
s
is
.
Seco
n
d
,
in
teg
r
atin
g
b
ig
d
ata
in
to
ex
is
tin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
lex
,
as
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
m
a
y
n
o
t
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
im
m
ed
iate
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
a
n
d
o
f
ten
d
em
an
d
ex
ce
s
s
iv
e
tim
e
f
r
o
m
teac
h
er
s
f
o
r
r
ep
etitiv
e
task
s
.
T
h
ir
d
,
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
d
ata
co
llectio
n
r
aises
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t th
e
co
n
f
id
en
tia
lity
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
h
as
in
h
er
en
t
wea
k
n
ess
es
th
at
ca
n
co
n
t
r
ib
u
te
t
o
h
i
g
h
s
tu
d
e
n
t
d
r
o
p
o
u
t
o
r
f
ailu
r
e
r
ates
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
ese
ch
allen
g
es
h
ig
h
lig
h
t th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
b
alan
c
ed
an
d
t
h
o
u
g
h
tf
u
l a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
to
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
b
ig
d
ata
in
t
o
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
3
.
2
.
3
.
I
nte
rnet
o
f
t
hin
g
s
in educa
t
io
n
T
h
e
ad
v
en
t
o
f
th
e
I
o
T
m
a
r
k
s
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
m
iles
to
n
e
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ev
o
lu
tio
n
.
I
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
Ash
to
n
,
co
-
f
o
u
n
d
er
o
f
th
e
a
u
to
-
I
D
c
en
ter
,
in
1
9
9
9
,
I
o
T
r
ef
er
s
to
a
s
m
ar
t
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
t
h
a
t
m
in
im
izes
h
u
m
an
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ates
ea
s
y
ac
ce
s
s
to
p
h
y
s
ical
d
ev
ices.
E
s
s
en
tially
,
I
o
T
is
a
g
lo
b
al
n
et
wo
r
k
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
an
d
s
er
v
ice
th
at
c
o
n
n
ec
ts
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
d
ev
ices
v
ia
th
e
in
te
r
n
et
[
3
2
]
.
I
n
t
o
d
ay
’
s
wo
r
ld
,
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
p
er
m
ea
tes
ev
er
y
asp
ec
t
o
f
o
u
r
liv
es.
Fro
m
R
FID
tag
s
to
s
m
ar
t
d
ev
i
ce
s
,
I
o
T
m
er
g
es
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
ical
r
ea
lm
s
,
en
ab
lin
g
s
ea
m
less
d
ata
f
lo
w
b
etwe
en
th
e
r
ea
l
an
d
d
ig
ital
wo
r
ld
s
,
r
eg
a
r
d
less
o
f
tim
e
o
r
p
lace
[
1
]
.
W
h
en
in
teg
r
ated
with
o
th
er
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
I
o
T
f
o
s
ter
s
a
s
m
ar
t
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
en
h
an
cin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
.
I
n
a
s
m
ar
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
t,
s
tu
d
en
ts
ca
n
b
ec
o
m
e
ac
tiv
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
p
ar
tn
e
r
s
,
ac
ce
s
s
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
m
ater
ials
f
r
o
m
an
y
lo
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
o
n
an
y
d
ev
ice
at
an
y
tim
e.
T
h
is
ef
f
o
r
tles
s
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
b
etwe
en
lear
n
er
s
a
n
d
t
h
eir
to
o
ls
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
,
em
p
o
wer
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ac
ce
s
s
u
n
lim
ited
d
ig
ital
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
o
f
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
3
3
]
.
De
s
p
ite
its
im
m
en
s
e
b
en
ef
its
,
I
o
T
also
p
r
esen
ts
s
ev
er
al
ch
allen
g
es,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
r
is
k
s
o
f
d
ata
th
ef
t
a
n
d
p
r
iv
a
cy
lo
s
s
,
wh
ich
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
ed
e
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Priv
ac
y
b
r
ea
ch
es,
f
o
r
ex
am
p
le,
ca
n
d
elay
th
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
m
o
n
th
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
all
y
,
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
v
u
ln
er
ab
le
to
m
alicio
u
s
cy
b
er
attac
k
s
d
u
e
to
th
eir
in
ter
n
et
co
n
n
ec
ti
v
ity
[
3
4
]
.
Data
s
ec
u
r
ity
is
a
cr
itical
co
n
ce
r
n
f
o
r
I
o
T
,
as
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
d
e
v
ices,
in
clu
d
in
g
r
em
o
te
a
n
d
f
ield
d
e
v
ices
lik
e
R
FID
,
co
n
n
ec
t
to
t
h
e
in
ter
n
et
v
ia
4
G,
5
G,
an
d
NFC
.
T
o
p
r
ev
e
n
t
d
ata
leak
s
,
f
alsi
f
icatio
n
s
,
o
r
th
ef
ts
,
m
ajo
r
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
m
u
s
t
em
p
lo
y
r
o
b
u
s
t
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
ar
c
h
itectu
r
es.
T
h
is
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
cr
u
cial
as
th
ese
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
n
ee
d
to
co
llect
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
d
ata
f
r
o
m
m
u
ltip
le
d
ev
ices
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
in
ter
n
et
[
3
5
]
.
Un
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
an
d
co
llectin
g
d
ata
p
o
s
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
allen
g
es
f
o
r
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
co
m
p
li
ca
tin
g
th
e
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
o
f
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
.
R
esear
ch
b
y
D
h
ar
,
K
h
ar
e,
a
n
d
Sin
g
h
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
at
d
ata
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
b
ec
o
m
es
p
r
o
b
lem
a
tic
wh
en
I
o
T
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
a
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
m
an
n
er
[
3
6
]
.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
o
p
er
atio
n
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le,
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le,
an
d
av
ailab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
i
n
s
titu
tio
n
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
u
n
d
in
g
f
o
r
th
eir
I
o
T
p
r
o
jects.
T
im
ely
p
r
o
cu
r
em
en
t
o
f
t
h
ese
s
er
v
ices
an
d
a
p
p
l
icatio
n
s
is
ess
en
tia
l
to
av
o
id
d
elay
s
th
at
co
u
ld
in
c
o
n
v
en
ie
n
ce
u
s
er
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
I
o
T
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
r
is
k
s
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
wh
ich
ca
n
d
im
in
is
h
th
e
d
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
cu
ltu
r
al
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
am
o
n
g
b
en
ef
iciar
ies.
Ov
er
co
m
in
g
o
b
s
tacle
s
s
u
ch
as
th
e
u
n
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
b
asic
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
cr
ea
tin
g
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
to
im
p
lem
en
t
n
ew
s
tr
ateg
ies th
at
lev
er
ag
e
I
o
T
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
lear
n
in
g
.
3
.
2
.
4
.
Art
if
icia
l
inte
llig
ence
in educa
t
io
n
Ar
tific
ial
i
n
tellig
en
ce
is
a
n
ew
f
ield
th
at
em
p
lo
y
s
co
m
p
u
te
r
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
to
cr
ea
te
m
ac
h
i
n
e
s
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
task
s
with
a
l
ev
el
o
f
ac
cu
r
ac
y
th
at
o
f
ten
s
u
r
p
ass
es
h
u
m
an
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
I
n
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
s
ec
to
r
,
AI
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ca
n
p
e
r
s
o
n
alize
a
s
tu
d
en
t’
s
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
b
ased
o
n
t
h
eir
in
d
iv
id
u
al
n
ee
d
s
an
d
ab
ilit
ies.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
AI
ca
n
g
en
er
ate
ex
e
r
cises
tailo
r
ed
to
a
s
tu
d
en
t'
s
lear
n
in
g
lev
el
an
d
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies,
m
ak
in
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
m
o
r
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
[
3
7
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
AI
ass
is
t
s
teac
h
er
s
b
y
id
en
tif
y
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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I
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t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
297
-
309
304
m
ay
b
e
s
tr
u
g
g
lin
g
,
t
h
er
eb
y
e
n
ab
lin
g
ta
r
g
eted
in
ter
v
en
ti
o
n
.
I
t
also
h
elp
s
r
ed
u
ce
r
e
p
etitiv
e
task
s
,
allo
win
g
teac
h
er
s
to
f
o
cu
s
o
n
m
o
r
e
cr
it
ical
asp
ec
ts
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
,
s
u
ch
as
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
c
u
s
to
m
ized
a
n
d
ad
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
b
ased
o
n
s
tu
d
e
n
t
f
e
ed
b
ac
k
.
T
h
is
en
h
a
n
ce
s
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
o
v
er
all
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
c
e.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
AI
ca
n
au
t
o
m
ate
ex
am
g
r
ad
in
g
,
s
ig
n
if
ican
tl
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
t
h
e
tim
e
teac
h
er
s
s
p
en
d
o
n
th
is
r
ep
etitiv
e
task
[
4
]
.
H
o
wev
er
,
wh
ile
AI
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
ac
tices,
it
lack
s
h
u
m
an
q
u
alities
s
u
ch
as
em
p
ath
y
,
b
en
ev
o
len
ce
,
a
n
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
AI
s
er
v
es
m
o
r
e
as
a
n
ass
is
tan
t
to
teac
h
er
s
r
ath
er
th
a
n
a
r
ep
lace
m
e
n
t.
Ma
n
y
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
f
in
d
e
-
lear
n
in
g
class
es
p
r
ac
tical
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e,
lar
g
ely
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ese
class
es
o
f
f
er
p
e
r
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
i
n
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
T
h
e
y
allo
w
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
lear
n
at
th
eir
o
wn
p
ac
e
an
d
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
eir
in
ter
ests
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
s
m
ar
t
tu
to
r
s
p
o
wer
ed
b
y
AI
p
r
o
v
id
e
im
m
ed
iate
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
h
elp
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
tay
m
o
tiv
ated
a
n
d
f
o
cu
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t t
h
eir
co
u
r
s
es
[
3
8
]
.
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
is
m
ak
in
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
s
tr
id
es
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
y
an
aly
zi
n
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
lear
n
in
g
s
ty
les
an
d
ex
is
tin
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
e
r
s
o
n
alize
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
AI
ca
n
cr
ea
te
in
d
iv
id
u
alize
d
less
o
n
p
lan
s
th
at
tar
g
et
ar
ea
s
wh
er
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
n
ee
d
m
o
r
e
p
r
ac
tice
an
d
o
f
f
er
tailo
r
ed
tu
t
o
r
in
g
to
e
n
h
an
ce
th
eir
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
o
f
AI
is
its
ab
ilit
y
to
au
to
m
ate
g
r
ad
in
g
,
ev
en
f
o
r
ab
s
tr
ac
t
ass
es
s
m
en
ts
lik
e
ess
ay
s
,
s
av
i
n
g
teac
h
er
s
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
tim
e
[
3
9
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
AI
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
n
co
u
r
s
e
q
u
ality
b
y
id
en
tify
in
g
tr
en
d
s
in
s
tu
d
e
n
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
allo
win
g
e
d
u
c
ato
r
s
to
r
ef
in
e
th
eir
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ials
an
d
m
eth
o
d
s
.
AI
also
p
lay
s
a
r
o
le
in
c
r
ea
tin
g
s
m
ar
t
co
n
te
n
t
an
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
b
ased
o
n
lear
n
er
in
p
u
t.
E
x
am
p
les o
f
AI
in
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
in
clu
d
e
Du
o
li
n
g
o
,
a
lan
g
u
a
g
e
lear
n
in
g
ap
p
th
at
p
er
s
o
n
alize
s
less
o
n
s
;
AL
E
KS,
an
AI
-
p
o
wer
ed
m
ath
lear
n
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
th
at
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
ad
ap
ti
v
e
ass
ess
m
en
ts
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
i
n
g
p
lan
s
;
a
n
d
C
o
u
r
s
er
a,
wh
ich
u
s
es
AI
to
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
co
u
r
s
es
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
in
ter
ests
an
d
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
lear
n
in
g
h
is
to
r
y
[
4
0
]
,
[
4
1
]
.
T
h
ese
e
x
am
p
les
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
h
o
w
AI
is
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
izin
g
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
y
m
a
k
in
g
it m
o
r
e
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
,
ef
f
icien
t,
an
d
e
f
f
e
ctiv
e.
Desp
ite
its
m
an
y
a
d
v
an
tag
es,
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
AI
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
u
n
iq
u
e
ch
allen
g
es.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ad
v
an
ce
d
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
es
an
d
an
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
ec
o
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
b
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
o
b
s
tacle
,
esp
ec
ially
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
tr
ies.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
is
s
u
es
o
f
in
clu
s
io
n
a
n
d
eq
u
ity
a
r
is
e,
as
AI
c
o
u
ld
p
o
ten
tially
wid
en
ex
is
tin
g
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical,
ec
o
n
o
m
ic,
an
d
s
o
cial
d
iv
id
es
[
4
2
]
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
m
u
s
t
ac
q
u
ir
e
n
ew
d
i
g
ital
s
k
ills
to
u
s
e
AI
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
,
an
d
AI
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
n
ee
d
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
m
eth
o
d
s
to
cr
ea
te
s
u
s
tai
n
ab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
As
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
ec
o
m
es
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
d
ata
is
cr
u
cial,
m
ak
in
g
it
ess
en
tial
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
an
d
s
y
s
tem
atiza
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
[
4
3
]
.
E
th
ical
co
n
ce
r
n
s
als
o
em
er
g
e
with
AI
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
as
it
c
o
u
ld
p
er
p
et
u
ate
s
y
s
tem
ic
b
iases
an
d
ex
ac
er
b
ate
in
eq
u
ities
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
n
o
t
all
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
o
r
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
h
av
e
eq
u
al
ac
ce
s
s
to
ad
v
an
ce
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
wh
ich
ca
n
lim
it
AI
'
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
Priv
ac
y
is
an
o
th
er
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
ce
r
n
,
as
AI
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
ten
r
ely
o
n
co
llectin
g
an
d
an
aly
zin
g
lar
g
e
am
o
u
n
ts
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
d
ata.
Ma
n
y
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
m
ay
lack
f
am
iliar
ity
with
AI
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
o
r
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
in
te
g
r
ate
th
em
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
in
to
th
eir
teac
h
i
n
g
p
r
ac
tices
[
3
7
]
.
Ov
e
r
r
elian
ce
o
n
AI
ca
n
also
im
p
ed
e
t
h
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
y
d
im
in
is
h
in
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
’
ab
ilit
ies
to
t
h
in
k
cr
itically
a
n
d
c
r
ea
tiv
ely
.
W
h
ile
AI
p
r
o
v
id
es
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
in
g
a
n
d
in
s
tan
t f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
it c
an
n
o
t
r
ep
lace
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
an
d
em
o
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t e
s
s
en
tial f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
t su
cc
ess
.
3
.
2
.
5
.
Virt
ua
l a
nd
a
ug
m
ent
e
d r
ea
lity
in educa
t
io
n
I
n
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
ti
tu
tio
n
s
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
in
teg
r
a
te
VR
an
d
A
R
in
to
th
eir
cu
r
r
icu
la.
T
h
is
s
h
if
t
is
an
ticip
ated
d
u
e
to
co
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
a
d
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
in
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
m
o
b
ile
h
a
r
d
war
e,
alo
n
g
s
id
e
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
o
f
m
o
b
il
e
d
ev
ices
an
d
ter
m
in
als.
C
r
e
atin
g
a
m
u
lti
-
s
en
s
o
r
y
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
en
h
a
n
ce
lear
n
e
r
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
io
n
b
y
en
g
a
g
in
g
m
u
ltip
le
s
en
s
es.
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ca
n
co
n
v
e
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
v
is
u
ally
,
s
u
p
p
lem
en
ted
b
y
m
u
ltime
d
ia
ex
p
lan
at
io
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
teac
h
er
s
,
th
e
r
eb
y
en
r
ich
in
g
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
y
in
v
o
l
v
in
g
all
f
iv
e
s
en
s
es
[
4
4
]
.
VR
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
f
er
s
im
m
er
s
iv
e
ex
p
er
i
en
ce
b
y
s
im
u
latin
g
to
u
ch
,
s
ig
h
t,
a
n
d
h
ea
r
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
its
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
I
t
u
tili
ze
s
3
D
g
r
ap
h
ics
to
g
en
e
r
ate
ar
tifi
cial
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
,
allo
win
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
b
e
f
u
ll
y
im
m
er
s
ed
in
a
v
ir
tu
al
w
o
r
ld
.
T
h
is
im
m
er
s
io
n
ca
n
lead
to
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ch
an
g
es
in
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
d
aily
liv
es
an
d
ac
tiv
i
ties
,
as
VR
cr
ea
tes
th
e
illu
s
io
n
o
f
b
ein
g
in
a
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
lo
ca
ti
o
n
alto
g
et
h
er
[
4
5
]
.
I
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
,
VR
less
o
n
s
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
v
ib
r
atio
n
s
,
s
o
u
n
d
s
,
an
d
g
r
ap
h
ics,
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
o
v
er
all
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
On
e
o
f
VR
'
s
p
r
im
ar
y
b
en
ef
its
is
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
,
as
s
tu
d
en
ts
ca
n
en
g
ag
e
m
o
r
e
d
ee
p
ly
in
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
ir
tu
al
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
n
o
v
el
f
o
r
m
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
etwe
en
a
v
ir
tu
al
teac
h
er
a
n
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
is
f
u
r
th
er
e
n
r
ich
e
d
b
y
th
e
im
m
er
s
iv
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
VR
[
4
6
]
.
B
o
th
VR
an
d
AR
ar
e
m
ak
in
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
s
tr
id
es
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
g
o
o
g
le
ex
p
e
d
itio
n
s
is
a
p
o
p
u
lar
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
th
at
allo
ws
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
in
ter
ac
t
wi
th
3
D
o
b
jects
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
,
co
v
e
r
in
g
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
to
p
ics
f
r
o
m
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
h
is
to
r
y
to
lu
n
ar
ex
p
e
d
itio
n
s
.
An
o
th
er
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
,
Sk
y
View,
en
ab
les
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ex
p
l
o
r
e
t
h
e
u
n
iv
er
s
e
u
s
in
g
AR
o
v
er
lay
s
o
f
th
e
n
ig
h
t
s
k
y
[
4
7
]
.
VR
,
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
ca
n
f
ac
ilit
ate
v
ir
tu
al
f
ield
tr
ip
s
,
im
m
er
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
h
is
to
r
ically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ev
e
n
ts
o
r
ex
o
tic
lo
ca
tio
n
s
with
o
u
t
leav
in
g
t
h
e
class
r
o
o
m
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
VR
ca
n
s
im
u
late
lab
o
r
at
o
r
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
s
af
e
an
d
co
n
tr
o
lled
s
p
ac
e
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
co
n
d
u
ct
ex
p
e
r
im
en
ts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
s
ma
r
t
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies:
to
w
a
r
d
s
a
n
ew p
ed
a
g
o
g
ica
l p
a
r
a
d
ig
m
(
A
min
e
Deh
b
i)
305
Ho
wev
er
,
in
teg
r
atin
g
VR
an
d
AR
in
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
cu
r
r
icu
la
p
r
esen
ts
s
ev
er
al
ch
allen
g
es.
T
h
e
co
s
t
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
ca
n
b
e
h
ig
h
,
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
s
p
ec
ialized
eq
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
s
o
f
twar
e,
as
well
as
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
v
estme
n
t
in
d
e
v
ices
an
d
tr
ain
in
g
t
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
u
s
e
[
4
8
]
.
T
ec
h
n
i
ca
l
g
litch
es
o
r
c
o
m
p
atib
ilit
y
is
s
u
es
ca
n
d
is
r
u
p
t
th
e
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
,
an
d
th
e
s
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
lex
,
n
ec
ess
itatin
g
ad
v
an
ce
d
tech
n
ical
s
k
ills
to
d
ev
elo
p
an
d
m
ain
tain
.
Ma
n
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
m
ay
lack
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
n
ew
E
d
T
ec
h
tr
en
d
s
,
h
in
d
er
i
n
g
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
ad
o
p
t
cu
ttin
g
-
ed
g
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
s
u
ch
as
V
R
[
4
9
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
as
VR
is
a
r
elativ
ely
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
t
h
er
e
is
a
s
h
o
r
ta
g
e
o
f
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
c
o
n
ten
t,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
a
b
ar
r
ier
to
it
s
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
.
E
x
ten
d
e
d
u
s
e
o
f
AR
/VR
ca
n
also
lead
to
h
ea
lth
an
d
s
af
ety
co
n
ce
r
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
h
ea
d
ac
h
es,
m
o
tio
n
s
ick
n
ess
,
an
d
ey
e
s
tr
ain
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
n
o
t
all
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
av
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
d
ev
ices
o
r
in
ter
n
et
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
to
f
u
lly
en
g
ag
e
w
ith
VR
an
d
AR
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
W
ith
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
d
ata
co
llectio
n
an
d
a
n
aly
s
is
,
co
n
ce
r
n
s
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
d
ata
ar
e
also
p
r
ev
alen
t.
T
h
ese
ch
allen
g
es
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ca
r
ef
u
l
p
lan
n
in
g
an
d
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
wh
e
n
in
teg
r
atin
g
VR
an
d
AR
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
i
n
to
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
[
5
0
]
.
3
.
3
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
is
in
a
co
n
s
tan
t
s
tate
o
f
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
,
d
r
i
v
en
b
y
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
h
as
ac
ce
ler
ated
th
is
tr
an
s
itio
n
,
p
u
s
h
in
g
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
war
d
d
ig
ital
m
o
d
alities
.
As
we
p
r
o
g
r
ess
f
u
r
th
er
in
to
th
e
d
ig
ital
ag
e,
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
will
n
ee
d
to
ac
q
u
i
r
e
2
1
s
t
-
ce
n
tu
r
y
s
k
ills
an
d
m
aster
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
n
ew
jo
b
r
o
les.
T
h
is
s
h
if
t
to
war
d
s
d
ig
ital
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
a
k
ey
asp
ec
t
o
f
th
e
o
n
g
o
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
.
Fu
tu
r
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ies
will
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
r
ely
o
n
well
-
ed
u
ca
ted
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
m
ak
i
n
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
s
m
ar
t le
ar
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
m
o
r
e
cr
itical
th
an
e
v
e
r
.
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
h
ea
v
ily
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
o
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
.
New
to
o
ls
an
d
m
eth
o
d
s
h
elp
teac
h
e
r
s
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
en
h
an
ce
t
h
eir
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
.
W
e
b
eliev
e
th
at
s
m
ar
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wh
ich
lev
er
ag
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
,
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
p
r
e
p
ar
in
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e
.
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
is
d
r
iv
in
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
n
ew
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
,
m
ak
in
g
l
ea
r
n
in
g
m
o
r
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
an
d
ea
s
ier
f
o
r
ev
e
r
y
o
n
e.
Sm
ar
t
s
ch
o
o
ls
ar
e
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
s
u
ch
as
AR
,
AI
,
b
ig
d
ata
,
I
o
T
,
an
d
VR
.
F
r
o
m
an
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
teac
h
in
g
with
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
allo
ws
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
c
o
u
r
s
e
m
ater
ial
ac
r
o
s
s
tim
e
an
d
s
p
ac
e
an
d
c
o
n
n
ec
t
with
th
e
r
ea
l
o
r
v
ir
tu
al
wo
r
l
d
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
e
y
ca
n
ap
p
ly
t
h
eir
k
n
o
wled
g
e
to
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
,
ev
en
th
o
s
e
f
ar
r
em
o
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ea
l
wo
r
ld
.
Stu
d
en
ts
an
d
teac
h
er
s
ca
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
th
is
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
m
ar
t
class
r
o
o
m
s
,
la
b
o
r
ato
r
ies,
s
im
u
latio
n
ce
n
ter
s
,
an
d
o
th
e
r
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
to
o
ls
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
B
ajaj
an
d
Sh
ar
m
a
[
3
7
]
,
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ati
n
g
th
ese
in
tellig
en
t
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
in
to
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
en
ab
les
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
tack
le
m
o
r
e
r
ea
lis
tic
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
T
h
ese
to
o
ls
h
elp
s
tu
d
en
ts
v
is
u
alize
an
d
s
im
u
late
r
ea
l
-
w
o
r
ld
s
itu
atio
n
s
an
d
ch
allen
g
es.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
tr
a
n
s
itio
n
in
g
to
a
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
lea
r
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
lea
d
to
is
s
u
es
in
class
r
o
o
m
m
an
ag
em
en
t
an
d
ad
m
in
is
tr
ati
o
n
,
as
well
as
f
in
an
cial
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
f
o
r
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
.
T
h
ese
d
if
f
icu
lties
o
f
ten
p
er
s
is
t d
u
e
to
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ities
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
b
ein
g
tau
g
h
t.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
n
ew
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
ec
to
r
o
f
f
er
s
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
b
en
ef
its
.
T
h
ese
in
clu
d
e
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
p
r
ed
ict
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
o
f
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
an
d
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
ch
an
g
es
i
n
h
ig
h
er
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
.
I
t
is
cr
u
cial
to
f
u
lly
u
tili
ze
e
-
lear
n
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Stu
d
e
n
ts
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
lear
n
in
g
with
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
as
th
ey
en
jo
y
u
s
in
g
it
an
d
ar
e
n
atu
r
ally
i
n
clin
ed
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
wh
at
th
e
ir
teac
h
er
s
ex
p
lain
d
u
e
to
th
e
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
allo
ws
in
d
iv
id
u
als
to
r
ea
lize
th
eir
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
cr
ea
tio
n
an
d
lear
n
in
g
.
Stu
d
en
ts
lear
n
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
ely
wh
en
th
ey
u
s
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
w
h
at
th
eir
teac
h
er
s
teac
h
.
T
h
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
u
s
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
s
ch
o
o
ls
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
wh
y
it
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
in
clu
d
ed
in
t
h
e
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
Nu
m
e
r
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
s
h
o
w
t
h
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
ea
s
ily
ad
ap
t
to
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
th
e
y
h
av
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
,
h
elp
in
g
th
em
ad
ju
s
t
to
th
eir
class
es
an
d
lear
n
n
ew
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
s
k
ills
in
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
f
ield
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
u
s
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
elp
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
d
ev
e
lo
p
team
wo
r
k
an
d
m
etac
o
g
n
itiv
e
s
k
ills
.
T
h
is
lea
d
s
to
a
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
a
m
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
th
eir
teac
h
er
s
b
y
en
co
u
r
ag
i
n
g
th
em
to
in
te
r
ac
t
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
d
ata
a
n
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
o
o
ls
s
u
ch
as
c
o
m
p
u
te
r
s
a
id
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
way
t
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
m
ak
in
g
it e
asier
f
o
r
tu
to
r
s
to
id
e
n
tify
s
tr
u
g
g
lin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
in
to
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
p
r
esen
ts
s
ev
er
al
ch
allen
g
es
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
m
u
s
t
en
h
an
ce
th
eir
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
I
T
t
o
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
to
th
eir
class
r
o
o
m
s
.
T
h
is
ca
n
lea
d
to
i
s
s
u
es
s
u
ch
as
s
o
f
twar
e
b
u
g
s
a
n
d
h
ar
d
war
e
m
alf
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
T
e
ac
h
er
s
m
u
s
t
r
a
p
id
ly
ad
o
p
t
n
ew
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
tr
en
d
s
to
s
tay
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
an
d
co
m
p
etitiv
e,
in
teg
r
atin
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
to
th
eir
less
o
n
s
r
ath
er
th
an
r
ep
lacin
g
tr
ad
itio
n
al
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
n
ee
d
to
m
a
k
e
o
p
tim
al
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
th
ey
alr
ea
d
y
h
av
e
,
r
ath
er
th
a
n
d
iv
e
r
s
if
y
in
g
t
h
eir
u
s
e
o
f
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies.
Un
iv
er
s
ities
o
f
ten
f
ac
e
b
u
d
g
et
an
d
f
in
a
n
cial
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
th
at
h
in
d
er
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
u
tili
ze
n
ew
to
o
ls
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
wh
ich
ca
n
im
p
ed
e
th
e
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies an
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
co
s
ts
ass
o
ciate
d
with
ac
q
u
ir
in
g
n
ew
eq
u
i
p
m
en
t.
Fo
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
i
es,
we
h
av
e
id
en
tifie
d
th
at
th
e
I
o
T
an
d
AI
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
w
id
ely
u
s
ed
cu
ttin
g
-
ed
g
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
lear
n
in
g
.
Sp
ec
if
ic
r
esear
ch
h
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
s
m
ar
t
ca
m
p
u
s
es
u
tili
zin
g
I
o
T
estab
lis
h
in
tellig
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
en
ab
le
s
m
ar
t
p
ar
k
in
g
an
d
s
m
ar
t
class
r
o
o
m
s
,
as
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
Valk
s
et
a
l.
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
i
n
teg
r
a
tio
n
o
f
d
ata
f
r
o
m
I
o
T
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
d
ev
ices
em
er
g
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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8
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I
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t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
,
Vo
l
.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
297
-
309
306
v
ar
io
u
s
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
ch
allen
g
es,
as
m
an
y
s
ch
o
o
ls
r
eq
u
ir
e
t
h
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
co
llect
d
at
a
f
r
o
m
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
d
ev
ices.
T
h
e
p
o
ten
tial
ap
p
lic
atio
n
s
o
f
I
o
T
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
with
s
p
ec
ial
n
ee
d
s
ar
e
ex
ten
s
iv
e,
en
c
o
m
p
ass
in
g
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
to
o
ls
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d
s
m
ar
t
d
ev
ices
t
h
at
cr
ea
t
e
in
tellig
en
ce
-
en
h
an
ce
d
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
C
o
n
tin
u
in
g
th
e
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
o
n
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
T
a
b
le
2
p
r
esen
ts
a
d
etailed
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
tr
ad
itio
n
al
an
d
s
m
a
r
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
with
in
th
e
r
ea
l
m
o
f
em
er
g
in
g
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies.
T
h
is
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
aim
s
to
s
h
ed
lig
h
t
o
n
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
e
f
f
ec
ts
th
a
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
o
s
e
r
elate
d
to
I
o
T
,
AI
,
a
n
d
o
t
h
er
c
u
ttin
g
-
ed
g
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
,
h
a
v
e
o
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
ac
tices.
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
tr
ad
itio
n
al
an
d
s
m
ar
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
N
o
P
r
o
p
e
r
t
i
e
s
Tr
a
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
S
mart
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
1
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
Li
mi
t
e
d
Ex
t
e
n
si
v
e
l
y
2
P
r
o
g
r
e
ss
mo
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
C
l
a
s
sr
o
o
m
o
n
l
y
Th
r
o
u
g
h
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
3
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
C
l
a
s
sr
o
o
m
o
n
l
y
Th
r
o
u
g
h
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
4
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
C
l
a
s
sr
o
o
m
o
n
l
y
Th
r
o
u
g
h
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
5
B
l
e
n
d
e
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
N
o
t
p
o
ssi
b
l
e
P
o
ssi
b
l
e
6
G
a
mi
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Li
mi
t
e
d
H
i
g
h
e
r
7
A
b
se
n
c
e
Li
mi
t
e
d
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
8
C
o
l
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
o
l
s
Li
mi
t
e
d
H
i
g
h
e
r
9
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
P
r
e
f
i
x
e
d
C
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
10
I
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
Li
mi
t
e
d
En
h
a
n
c
e
d
11
Le
a
r
n
i
n
g
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
F
i
x
e
d
A
n
y
t
i
m
e
&
a
n
y
w
h
e
r
e
12
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
P
r
e
f
i
x
e
d
A
n
y
t
i
m
e
&
a
n
y
w
h
e
r
e
13
F
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
C
l
a
s
sr
o
o
m
o
n
l
y
A
n
y
t
i
m
e
&
a
n
y
w
h
e
r
e
14
A
f
f
o
r
d
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
l
e
a
d
s
t
o
m
o
r
e
c
o
s
t
c
o
s
t
-
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
15
F
l
e
x
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
Li
mi
t
e
d
M
u
c
h
b
e
t
t
e
r
Ou
r
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
les
th
at
th
e
I
o
T
an
d
AI
p
lay
in
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
iz
in
g
s
m
ar
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
S
m
ar
t
ca
m
p
u
s
es
eq
u
ip
p
ed
with
I
o
T
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies
n
o
t
o
n
ly
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
lity
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
f
ac
ilit
ies
b
u
t
also
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
ata.
Similar
ly
,
AI
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies
b
y
p
er
s
o
n
alizin
g
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
a
d
ap
tiv
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
ten
t.
A
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
tr
ad
itio
n
al
a
n
d
s
m
ar
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
s
m
ar
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
f
f
er
s
ex
te
n
s
iv
e
b
en
ef
its
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
in
cr
ea
s
ed
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
,
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ass
ess
m
en
t,
a
n
d
b
r
o
a
d
er
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
in
te
r
ac
tio
n
an
d
e
n
g
ag
em
en
t.
T
h
ese
ad
v
an
tag
es
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
t
h
e
n
ec
ess
ity
f
o
r
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
to
em
b
r
ac
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies to
r
em
ain
r
ele
v
an
t in
a
n
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
d
y
n
am
ic
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
al
lan
d
s
ca
p
e.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
in
d
i
ca
tes
th
at
v
ar
io
u
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
p
r
o
m
o
te
lear
n
in
g
with
in
th
e
n
ew
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
is
t
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
p
a
r
ad
ig
m
.
B
y
u
tili
zin
g
th
ese
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies,
s
tu
d
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
en
h
an
ce
d
as
th
ey
ca
n
p
r
o
g
r
ess
at
th
eir
o
wn
p
ac
e
an
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
eir
in
d
iv
id
u
al
n
ee
d
s
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
alo
n
g
with
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
to
o
ls
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
s
m
ar
t
lear
n
in
g
,
e
n
ab
le
b
o
th
lear
n
er
s
an
d
teac
h
er
s
t
o
m
ax
im
ize
th
eir
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
l
ea
r
n
in
g
a
n
d
cr
ea
tiv
ity
.
As
n
ew
p
r
o
to
co
ls
,
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
,
an
d
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies
co
n
tin
u
e
to
em
er
g
e,
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
ab
o
u
t
th
ese
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t
s
is
es
s
en
tial
to
f
u
lly
u
n
d
er
s
t
an
d
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
n
ex
t
-
g
en
e
r
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
W
h
ile
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
s
m
ar
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
to
r
ev
o
l
u
tio
n
ize
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
la
n
d
s
ca
p
e
is
im
m
en
s
e,
th
eir
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
r
e
q
u
ir
es
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
r
esear
ch
to
ex
p
l
o
r
e
t
h
eir
f
u
ll c
ap
ab
ilit
ies an
d
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
eir
in
teg
r
atio
n
is
b
en
ef
icial,
s
ec
u
r
e,
an
d
eq
u
itab
le.
C
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
an
d
e
x
p
an
d
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ies
o
f
f
er
e
d
b
y
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
a
d
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
ey
ar
e
h
ar
n
ess
ed
to
th
eir
f
u
lles
t p
o
ten
tial.
Dev
elo
p
in
g
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
m
o
d
e
ls
f
o
r
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ical
in
te
g
r
ati
o
n
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
a
cr
u
cial
n
ex
t
s
tep
.
T
h
ese
m
o
d
els
m
u
s
t
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
d
iv
e
r
s
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
lear
n
e
r
s
an
d
f
o
cu
s
o
n
s
tr
ateg
ies
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
te
e
q
u
ity
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
f
o
r
all
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
th
eir
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
.
I
n
th
is
co
n
te
x
t,
it
is
also
v
ital
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
d
ig
ital
s
k
ills
o
f
teac
h
er
s
.
As
k
ey
f
ac
ilit
ato
r
s
in
th
e
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
s
m
ar
t
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies,
teac
h
e
r
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
tr
ai
n
in
g
to
in
te
g
r
ate
th
ese
to
o
ls
m
ea
n
in
g
f
u
lly
in
t
o
th
eir
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
p
r
ac
tices.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
with
th
e
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
u
s
e
o
f
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
s
u
ch
as
I
o
T
an
d
AI
,
p
r
io
r
itizin
g
d
ata
s
ec
u
r
ity
an
d
p
r
o
tectio
n
b
ec
o
m
es
p
ar
am
o
u
n
t.
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
m
u
s
t
estab
lis
h
r
o
b
u
s
t
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
es
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
r
o
to
co
ls
t
o
s
af
e
g
u
ar
d
s
en
s
itiv
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
s
tu
d
en
t
s
an
d
s
taf
f
.
E
n
s
u
r
in
g
d
ata
p
r
o
tectio
n
will
f
o
s
ter
tr
u
s
t a
n
d
en
a
b
le
m
o
r
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
an
d
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
Pro
m
o
tin
g
i
n
ter
o
p
e
r
ab
ilit
y
an
d
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
is
eq
u
ally
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
m
ax
i
m
ize
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
s
m
ar
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies.
Dif
f
er
en
t
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ica
l
to
o
ls
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
m
p
atib
le
a
n
d
ab
le
to
o
p
er
ate
to
g
eth
er
s
ea
m
less
ly
to
en
h
a
n
c
e
ef
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tech
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ities
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ar
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ased
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al
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