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ia
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Science
Vo
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37
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
25
,
p
p
.
913
~
927
I
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Th
e
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d
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ti
o
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o
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g
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e
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ted
re
a
li
t
y
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a
n
s v
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s fi
e
ld
s
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e
d
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c
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ti
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ss
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re
n
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y
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a
n
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ti
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ize
AR
t
o
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o
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u
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e
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g
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g
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e
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t
a
n
d
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
p
ro
d
u
c
t
u
n
d
e
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n
d
in
g
.
Th
is
re
se
a
rc
h
fo
c
u
se
s
o
n
d
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
a
n
d
e
x
a
m
in
in
g
a
n
AR
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
n
a
S
o
l
o
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
sto
re
’s
we
b
site
to
imp
ro
v
e
c
u
sto
m
e
r
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
Re
su
lt
s
i
n
d
ica
te
th
a
t
AR
sig
n
ifi
c
a
n
t
ly
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
s
th
e
s
h
o
p
p
i
n
g
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
,
d
e
e
p
e
n
s
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ro
d
u
c
t
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o
m
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re
h
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n
,
a
n
d
i
n
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re
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se
s
we
b
site
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n
tera
c
ti
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n
s.
F
e
a
tu
re
s
li
k
e
3
D
p
ro
d
u
c
t
v
isu
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li
z
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ti
o
n
a
n
d
d
e
tailed
in
f
o
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m
a
ti
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e
n
a
b
le
c
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sto
m
e
rs
to
m
a
k
e
m
o
re
in
fo
rm
e
d
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a
sin
g
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e
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isio
n
s.
A
q
u
e
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n
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ire
with
2
5
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sp
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n
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e
n
ts
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led
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te
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th
e
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ti
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g
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d
it
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ll
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s
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t
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re
a
se
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u
sto
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e
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n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
p
o
ten
ti
a
ll
y
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o
o
st
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g
sa
les
b
y
u
p
to
3
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%
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re
d
u
c
i
n
g
o
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e
ra
ti
n
g
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o
sts
b
y
2
0
%
,
a
n
d
e
n
h
a
n
c
in
g
p
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d
u
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ti
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it
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y
1
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e
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u
d
y
a
ls
o
f
o
u
n
d
d
ifferin
g
p
re
fe
re
n
c
e
s
a
c
ro
ss
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g
e
g
ro
u
p
s:
o
l
d
e
r
re
sp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
(
4
0
-
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0
y
e
a
rs)
fa
v
o
re
d
t
ra
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it
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n
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l
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b
site
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a
tu
re
s
with
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u
t
AR
a
n
d
we
re
les
s
c
o
m
fo
rtab
le
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th
m
a
rk
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rles
s
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
wh
e
re
a
s
y
o
u
n
g
e
r
c
o
n
su
m
e
rs
(1
8
-
3
9
y
e
a
rs)
we
re
m
o
r
e
a
tt
ra
c
ted
to
AR
-
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
we
b
sites
.
T
h
e
se
in
sig
h
t
s
o
ffe
r
v
a
lu
a
b
le
g
u
i
d
a
n
c
e
fo
r
th
e
S
o
lo
c
o
m
p
u
ter
sto
re
t
o
c
ra
ft
in
n
o
v
a
ti
v
e
m
a
rk
e
ti
n
g
stra
teg
ies
tailo
re
d
to
th
e
d
iv
e
rse
p
re
fe
re
n
c
e
s a
n
d
n
e
e
d
s o
f
t
h
e
ir
c
u
sto
m
e
rs.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
C
o
m
p
u
ter
s
to
r
e
I
n
n
o
v
atio
n
Mo
d
el
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t lif
e
c
y
cle
W
eb
s
ite
T
h
is i
s
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n
o
p
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c
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rticle
u
n
d
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e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
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se
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C
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r
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p
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A
uth
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r
:
Ded
i G
u
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awa
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Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atics E
n
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in
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in
g
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Facu
lty
o
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C
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m
u
n
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d
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Un
iv
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s
itas
Mu
h
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m
ad
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ah
Su
r
ak
ar
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Kar
tasu
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a,
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k
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C
en
tr
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av
a,
I
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d
o
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esia
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m
ail: d
ed
i.g
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s
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id
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I
NT
RO
D
UCT
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O
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I
n
to
d
ay
'
s
d
ig
ital
ag
e,
a
lo
t
o
f
b
u
s
in
ess
s
ec
to
r
s
f
ac
in
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a
ch
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llen
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o
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m
o
r
e
e
n
g
ag
e
m
en
t
with
th
eir
cu
s
to
m
er
s
.
C
o
m
p
u
te
r
s
to
r
e
is
a
b
u
s
in
ess
s
ec
to
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th
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n
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s
to
f
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llo
w
t
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tech
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en
t
t
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s
e
th
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c
u
s
to
m
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x
p
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n
ce
an
d
s
tay
c
o
m
p
etitiv
e.
On
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
in
n
o
v
a
tio
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s
th
e
d
i
g
ital
ag
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au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lity
(
AR
)
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
[
1
]
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
d
esig
n
in
g
a
n
d
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
AR
as
a
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
a
c
o
m
p
u
ter
s
to
r
e
w
eb
s
ite
to
ac
h
iev
e
two
m
ain
g
o
als
s
u
ch
as
en
h
an
ci
n
g
c
u
s
to
m
er
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ter
ac
tio
n
an
d
en
r
ich
in
g
th
eir
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
.
T
o
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
u
s
er
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
an
d
n
ee
d
s
,
a
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
o
f
s
u
r
v
ey
s
an
d
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
was
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p
lo
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ed
[
2
]
.
Ad
d
itio
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ally
,
a
co
m
p
r
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h
en
s
iv
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liter
atu
r
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tu
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co
n
d
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to
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c
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r
e
t
a
i
l
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n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
s
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
life
cy
cle
(
MD
L
C
)
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
w
as
th
en
u
tili
ze
d
to
g
u
id
e
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
co
m
p
u
ter
s
to
r
e
web
s
ite
th
at
s
ea
m
less
ly
in
teg
r
ates A
R
f
ea
tu
r
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
37
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
9
1
3
-
9
2
7
914
T
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
o
u
tco
m
e
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
a
f
u
lly
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
c
o
m
p
u
ter
s
to
r
e
web
s
ite
e
q
u
ip
p
ed
with
a
n
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
AR
f
ea
tu
r
e
[
4
]
.
T
h
is
f
ea
tu
r
e
allo
ws
cu
s
to
m
er
s
to
v
is
u
alize
th
e
d
etail
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
wo
u
ld
lo
o
k
lik
e
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
es
b
etter
p
r
o
d
u
ct
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
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b
ef
o
r
e
m
ak
in
g
a
p
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r
ch
ase
d
e
cisi
o
n
[
5
]
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
f
in
d
in
g
in
[
6
]
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
AR
o
n
th
e
web
s
ite
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
e
n
h
an
ce
s
c
u
s
to
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ter
ac
tio
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an
d
o
v
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all
s
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p
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.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
AR
h
as
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
ize
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
ter
r
etail
in
d
u
s
tr
y
b
y
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r
i
d
g
in
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th
e
g
a
p
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etwe
en
o
n
lin
e
an
d
o
f
f
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s
h
o
p
p
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.
Acc
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r
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in
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to
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t
s
tu
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ies,
s
u
ch
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th
e
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n
e
co
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d
u
c
ted
b
y
Sam
ir
et
a
l.
[
7
]
,
e
-
c
o
m
m
er
ce
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
to
h
a
v
e
a
p
o
s
itiv
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im
p
ac
t o
n
cu
s
to
m
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
w
h
er
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
q
u
ality
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
l
u
en
ce
s
cu
s
to
m
er
lo
y
alty
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
d
em
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
d
etails
lik
e
th
e
ag
e
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
wer
e
n
o
t
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ly
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
Ar
is
tan
tia
an
d
L
iu
[
8
]
also
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
AR
en
h
an
ce
s
cu
s
to
m
er
s
atis
f
ac
ti
o
n
an
d
r
e
p
u
r
c
h
ase
in
ten
tio
n
in
e
-
c
o
m
m
er
ce
,
alth
o
u
g
h
th
eir
s
tu
d
y
d
id
n
o
t
d
el
v
e
in
to
s
p
ec
if
ic
asp
ec
ts
s
u
ch
a
s
th
e
to
o
ls
u
s
ed
t
o
cr
ea
te
AR
an
d
th
e
a
g
e
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
A
s
im
ilar
is
s
u
e
was
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
b
y
Deth
e
an
d
J
o
y
[
9
]
,
wh
ich
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
o
f
AR
o
n
p
u
r
c
h
ase
d
ec
is
io
n
s
b
u
t
a
g
ain
lac
k
ed
d
e
tails
o
n
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
AR
to
ce
r
tain
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
b
y
R
am
a
San
t
o
an
d
Dju
m
a
d
i
Sas
tr
o
W
iy
o
n
o
at
T
o
k
o
Ma
ju
J
ay
a
s
h
o
wed
th
at
we
b
-
b
ased
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
ca
n
b
o
o
s
t
s
ales
[
1
0
]
,
b
u
t
it
h
as
y
et
to
lev
er
ag
e
AR
f
ea
tu
r
es.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
th
e
s
tu
d
y
b
y
L
en
i
Fit
r
ian
i
an
d
B
ay
u
Mu
h
am
m
a
d
Fau
zi
i
n
Gar
u
t
d
esig
n
ed
a
web
-
b
a
s
e
d
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
s
t
o
r
e
m
a
p
p
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
b
u
t
i
t
h
a
s
n
o
t
y
e
t
i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
d
A
R
t
o
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
f
u
r
th
er
e
x
p
lo
r
ati
o
n
o
f
AR
s
h
o
u
ld
f
o
cu
s
o
n
ev
alu
at
in
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
its
f
ea
tu
r
es
[
1
2
]
in
b
o
o
s
tin
g
s
ales
an
d
cu
s
to
m
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
wo
u
ld
b
e
v
alu
ab
le
to
in
v
es
tig
ate
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
AR
in
o
th
er
r
etail
s
ec
to
r
s
[
1
3
]
,
as
th
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
o
ld
s
p
r
o
m
is
e
f
o
r
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
e
way
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
in
ter
ac
t
with
p
r
o
d
u
cts
an
d
m
ak
e
p
u
r
c
h
asin
g
d
e
cisi
o
n
s
[
1
4
]
.
W
ith
p
r
o
p
er
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
AR
ca
n
n
o
t
o
n
ly
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
b
u
t
also
o
p
en
u
p
n
ew
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ities
f
o
r
th
e
r
etail
s
ec
to
r
to
ad
ap
t a
n
d
g
r
o
w
a
m
id
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
f
ier
ce
d
ig
ital c
o
m
p
etitio
n
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
s
tag
es
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
s
tar
tin
g
with
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
r
esear
c
h
p
r
o
b
lem
s
an
d
o
b
jectiv
es.
Nex
t,
d
ata
is
co
ll
ec
ted
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
an
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
[
1
5
]
.
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
th
e
MD
L
C
m
eth
o
d
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
wh
ic
h
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
e
s
tag
es
o
f
co
n
ce
p
t,
d
esig
n
,
m
ater
ial
co
llectio
n
,
ass
em
b
ly
,
test
in
g
,
an
d
d
is
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
h
o
w
AR
i
s
im
p
lem
en
ted
o
n
th
e
web
s
ite
o
f
a
co
m
p
u
ter
s
to
r
e
in
So
lo
a
n
d
h
o
w
it
af
f
ec
ts
cu
s
to
m
er
en
g
ag
em
en
t
an
d
s
ales
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
esear
ch
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h f
ra
m
ewo
r
k
2
.
1
.
1
.
P
ro
blem
identif
ica
t
io
n
a
nd
re
s
ea
rc
h o
bje
ct
iv
es
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
id
en
tific
atio
n
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
s
tem
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
lo
w
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
AR
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
So
lo
co
m
p
u
ter
s
to
r
es.
Desp
ite
its
p
o
ten
tial
to
en
h
a
n
ce
c
u
s
to
m
er
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
s
,
AR
r
em
ain
s
u
n
d
e
r
u
tili
ze
d
.
T
h
is
r
esear
c
h
aim
s
to
ex
am
i
n
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
AR
o
n
th
e
web
s
ite
o
f
a
So
lo
co
m
p
u
ter
s
to
r
e
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
cu
s
to
m
e
r
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
s
ales.
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
AR
,
cu
s
to
m
er
s
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
g
ain
a
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ct
s
p
ec
if
ic
atio
n
s
an
d
f
ea
tu
r
es,
th
er
eb
y
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
th
eir
p
u
r
c
h
ase
in
ten
tio
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
also
id
en
tifie
s
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
o
b
s
tacle
s
f
ac
ed
in
im
p
lem
en
t
in
g
AR
in
So
lo
co
m
p
u
ter
s
to
r
es
an
d
s
ee
k
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
is
s
u
es.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
ar
e
ex
p
ec
te
d
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
ter
s
to
r
e
b
u
s
in
ess
in
So
lo
an
d
s
er
v
e
as
a
r
e
f
er
en
ce
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
o
n
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
AR
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
th
e
r
etail
s
ec
to
r
.
2
.
1
.
2
.
Da
t
a
co
llect
io
n
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
em
p
lo
y
s
a
m
ix
ed
-
m
eth
o
d
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
u
tili
zin
g
b
o
t
h
q
u
alitativ
e
an
d
q
u
an
tit
ativ
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
es
[
2
0
]
.
Qu
alitativ
e
d
ata
is
g
ath
e
r
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
an
d
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
to
cu
s
to
m
er
s
,
as
well
as
d
ir
ec
t
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
co
n
d
u
cted
in
co
m
p
u
ter
s
to
r
es.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
th
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
d
ata
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
mp
leme
n
ta
tio
n
o
f
a
u
g
me
n
ted
r
ea
lity a
s
a
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
a
r
y
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
in
co
m
p
u
ter
… (
A
is
ya
h
Mu
tia
Da
w
is
)
915
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
s
to
r
e’
s
s
ales
d
ata
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
AR
,
alo
n
g
with
an
aly
zin
g
o
n
lin
e
r
ev
iews a
n
d
cu
s
to
m
er
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
[
2
1
]
.
A.
Su
r
v
ey
s
an
d
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
T
h
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
AR
in
s
to
r
e
s
is
ass
es
s
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
c
u
s
to
m
er
s
’
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
th
at
aim
s
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
cu
s
to
m
er
s
’
o
p
i
n
io
n
s
a
n
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
to
its
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
m
m
en
ce
d
with
id
e
n
tify
in
g
k
ey
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
cu
s
to
m
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
to
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
,
s
u
ch
as
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
lev
els,
ea
s
e
o
f
AR
u
s
e,
an
d
its
im
p
ac
t
o
n
p
u
r
c
h
asin
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ated
a
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
clo
s
ed
-
en
d
e
d
an
d
o
p
en
-
en
d
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
s
to
o
b
tain
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
q
u
an
titativ
e
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ata.
C
lo
s
ed
-
en
d
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
s
a
r
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
ac
q
u
ir
e
m
ea
s
u
r
a
b
le
d
ata
o
n
s
p
ec
if
ic
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
AR
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
o
p
en
-
e
n
d
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
s
allo
w
th
e
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
o
r
e
d
etailed
an
d
n
u
a
n
ce
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
n
th
eir
o
v
e
r
all
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
an
d
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
is
co
n
d
u
cted
to
co
llect
d
ata
f
r
o
m
2
5
c
o
m
p
u
ter
s
to
r
e
cu
s
to
m
e
r
s
,
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
o
f
1
5
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
with
th
e
ag
e
d
1
8
-
3
9
y
ea
r
s
o
l
d
an
d
1
0
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
ag
ed
4
0
-
7
0
y
ea
r
s
o
ld
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
eir
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
lev
els,
e
ase
o
f
AR
u
s
e,
an
d
its
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
p
u
r
ch
asin
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
is
also
d
esig
n
ed
to
g
au
g
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
AR
in
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
,
e
n
co
m
p
ass
in
g
asp
ec
ts
s
u
ch
as
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
lin
ess
,
v
is
u
al
q
u
ality
,
an
d
th
e
r
elev
a
n
ce
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
esen
ted
.
Prio
r
to
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
t
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
,
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
u
n
d
er
wen
t
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
in
g
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ac
cu
r
ately
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
th
e
in
ten
d
ed
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
an
d
y
ield
ed
co
n
s
is
ten
t
r
esu
lts
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
a
p
ilo
t
test
was
co
n
d
u
cted
with
a
s
m
all
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
to
id
e
n
tify
p
o
ten
tial
is
s
u
es
an
d
r
ef
in
e
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
m
ain
s
u
r
v
ey
[
2
2
]
.
A
u
s
er
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
test
(
UAT
)
was
also
ad
o
p
ted
to
ev
alu
ate
u
s
er
ac
ce
p
ta
n
ce
o
f
th
e
AR
a
p
p
licatio
n
b
ef
o
r
e
its
o
f
f
icial
lau
n
ch
.
T
h
e
UAT
in
v
o
lv
ed
p
o
te
n
tial
u
s
er
s
to
d
ir
ec
tly
test
th
e
A
R
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
T
h
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
is
th
en
u
tili
ze
d
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
A
R
ap
p
licatio
n
b
ef
o
r
e
its
r
elea
s
e.
T
h
e
d
ata
co
llected
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
an
d
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
ar
e
an
aly
ze
d
to
id
en
tify
p
atter
n
s
,
tr
en
d
s
,
an
d
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
b
etwe
en
AR
u
s
ag
e
an
d
cu
s
to
m
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
as
well
a
s
its
im
p
ac
t
o
n
p
u
r
ch
a
s
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
t
o
h
o
w
AR
ca
n
b
e
lev
er
ag
e
d
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
i
n
co
m
p
u
ter
s
to
r
es
in
So
lo
city
a
n
d
h
o
w
th
is
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
ca
n
ass
is
t
th
e
s
to
r
e
in
m
ee
tin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
s
an
d
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
o
f
th
eir
cu
s
to
m
er
s
[
2
3
]
.
B.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
Dir
ec
t
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
in
co
m
p
u
ter
s
to
r
es
in
So
lo
b
r
in
g
s
cr
u
cial
asp
ec
t
s
in
ce
it
p
lay
s
as
a
to
o
l
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
AR
.
T
h
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
tar
ts
b
y
ex
am
in
in
g
th
e
s
to
r
e
lay
o
u
t
an
d
p
lace
m
en
t
o
f
AR
d
e
v
ices,
f
o
l
lo
wed
b
y
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
cu
s
to
m
er
b
eh
av
io
r
wh
ile
in
ter
ac
tin
g
with
AR
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
f
o
cu
s
o
f
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
en
co
m
p
ass
es
s
ev
er
al
asp
ec
ts
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
h
o
w
cu
s
to
m
er
s
ac
c
ess
an
d
u
tili
ze
A
R
f
ea
tu
r
es,
th
eir
r
ea
ctio
n
s
to
t
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
esen
ted
,
wh
eth
er
AR
u
s
ag
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
s
th
eir
p
u
r
ch
asin
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
,
h
o
w
s
to
r
e
s
taf
f
em
p
lo
y
AR
to
ass
is
t
cu
s
to
m
er
s
,
an
d
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
o
b
s
tac
les
en
co
u
n
ter
ed
in
u
s
in
g
AR
[
2
4
]
.
B
r
ief
in
ter
v
iews
with
cu
s
to
m
er
s
an
d
s
to
r
e
s
taf
f
ar
e
also
co
n
d
u
cted
to
g
ai
n
a
d
ee
p
e
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
eir
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
an
d
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
to
th
e
AR
ad
o
p
tio
n
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
an
d
in
ter
v
iew
d
ata
is
q
u
alitativ
ely
an
aly
ze
d
to
id
e
n
tify
p
atter
n
s
,
th
em
es,
a
n
d
k
e
y
in
s
ig
h
ts
r
elate
d
to
AR
u
tili
za
tio
n
in
co
m
p
u
ter
s
to
r
es
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
b
tain
ed
will
b
e
in
v
alu
a
b
le
in
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
AR
as
a
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
a
r
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
co
m
p
u
ter
p
r
o
d
u
ct
s
ales.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
ar
e
also
ex
p
ec
ted
to
h
elp
id
en
tify
p
o
ten
tial
a
r
ea
s
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
a
n
d
f
u
r
th
e
r
in
n
o
v
a
tio
n
in
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
AR
in
So
lo
co
m
p
u
ter
s
to
r
es,
as
well
as p
r
o
v
id
e
u
s
ef
u
l
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
s
to
r
e
o
w
n
er
s
a
n
d
AR
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
d
e
v
elo
p
e
r
s
[
2
6
]
.
2
.
1
.
3
.
AR
a
pp
lica
t
io
n dev
elo
pm
ent
T
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
in
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
f
o
llo
wed
th
e
MD
L
C
m
eth
o
d
,
as
i
llu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
co
m
p
r
is
es
f
iv
e
s
tag
es
n
am
ely
c
o
n
ce
p
t,
d
esig
n
,
m
ater
ial
co
lle
ctio
n
,
ass
em
b
ly
,
an
d
test
in
g
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tag
e
in
v
o
lv
es
p
lan
n
in
g
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
'
s
id
ea
s
an
d
f
ea
tu
r
es
[
2
7
]
.
W
h
ile
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tag
e
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
cr
ea
tin
g
th
e
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
an
d
v
is
u
al
elem
en
ts
.
T
h
e
m
ater
ial
co
llectio
n
s
tag
e
in
v
o
lv
es
g
ath
er
i
n
g
d
ig
ital
ass
et
s
s
u
ch
as
3
D
m
o
d
els,
im
ag
es,
an
d
au
d
io
.
T
h
e
ass
em
b
ly
s
tag
e
in
v
o
lv
es
in
teg
r
atin
g
all
elem
en
ts
in
to
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
ap
p
licatio
n
,
an
d
th
e
last
s
tag
e
in
v
o
lv
es
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
to
en
s
u
r
e
o
p
tim
al
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
a
n
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
an
aly
s
is
allo
w
s
u
s
to
id
en
tify
p
atter
n
s
an
d
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
b
etwe
en
AR
u
s
ag
e
an
d
s
ales
f
ig
u
r
es.
Ov
er
all,
s
ati
s
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
r
ec
u
r
r
in
g
is
s
u
es
o
r
p
o
s
itiv
e
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
AR
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
in
s
to
r
es
ar
e
ex
tr
a
p
o
lated
b
y
an
aly
zin
g
o
n
lin
e
r
ev
iews
an
d
cu
s
to
m
er
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
th
ese
two
d
at
a
co
llectio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
a
n
d
im
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
AR
o
n
th
e
web
s
ites
o
f
co
m
p
u
te
r
s
to
r
e
s
in
So
lo
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
37
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
9
1
3
-
9
2
7
916
AR
is
an
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
th
at
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
ec
to
r
s
b
y
f
o
r
cin
g
d
ig
ital
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
to
a
r
ea
l
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
AR
p
r
o
v
id
es
n
ew
m
eth
o
d
s
t
o
en
h
a
n
ce
co
n
s
u
m
er
en
g
a
g
em
en
t,
p
r
o
d
u
ct
v
is
ib
ilit
y
,
an
d
th
e
en
tire
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
ex
p
er
ie
n
c
e
in
th
e
r
etail
in
d
u
s
tr
y
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ject
aim
s
to
im
p
lem
en
t
AR
in
a
co
m
p
u
ter
s
to
r
e
lo
ca
ted
in
So
lo
C
ity
,
C
en
tr
al
J
av
a,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
T
h
e
MD
L
C
wi
ll
b
e
u
s
ed
to
b
u
ild
an
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
.
T
h
e
m
ain
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
ev
alu
at
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
AR
in
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
co
n
s
u
m
er
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t a
n
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
s
ales
[
3
0
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
MD
L
C
m
eth
o
d
A.
C
o
n
ce
p
t
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
p
h
ase
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
d
elv
es
in
to
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
o
f
AR
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
its
p
o
ten
tial
im
p
ac
t
o
n
cu
s
to
m
er
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
in
r
etail.
T
h
is
p
h
ase
estab
lis
h
es
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
b
lu
e
p
r
in
t
th
at
p
i
ctu
r
es
th
e
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
,
m
er
g
in
g
tr
ad
itio
n
al
r
etail
with
cu
ttin
g
-
ed
g
e
d
ig
ital
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
s
o
f
th
e
AR
ap
p
lic
atio
n
ad
o
p
ts
u
s
e
ca
s
e
d
iag
r
am
s
,
ac
tiv
ity
d
iag
r
am
s
,
class
d
ia
g
r
am
s
,
an
d
f
lo
wch
ar
ts
to
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
ely
m
ap
u
s
er
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
s
y
s
tem
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
[
3
1
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
is
p
h
ase
id
en
tifie
s
p
o
ten
tial
c
h
allen
g
es
an
d
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
AR
in
r
et
ail
s
ettin
g
,
s
u
ch
as
tec
h
n
ical
is
s
u
es
an
d
eth
ical
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
r
elate
d
to
d
ata
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
B
y
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
t
h
ese
co
n
ce
r
n
s
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
aim
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
AR
ap
p
licatio
n
is
n
o
t o
n
ly
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
an
d
u
s
er
-
f
r
i
en
d
ly
b
u
t a
ls
o
co
m
p
l
y
th
e
eth
i
ca
l iss
u
e.
−
Use
ca
s
e
d
iag
r
am
s
A
u
s
e
ca
s
e
d
ia
g
r
am
s
er
v
es
as
a
v
is
u
al
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
u
s
er
s
a
n
d
a
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
g
r
ap
h
ical
illu
s
tr
atio
n
d
ep
icts
th
e
v
ar
io
u
s
way
s
u
s
er
s
ca
n
in
ter
ac
t
with
an
ap
p
licatio
n
o
r
s
y
s
tem
,
o
u
tlin
in
g
th
e
task
s
o
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
th
e
y
c
an
p
er
f
o
r
m
[
3
2
]
.
E
s
s
en
tially
,
a
u
s
e
ca
s
e
d
iag
r
a
m
p
r
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ti
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c
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n
i
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Fi
g
u
r
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3
f
o
r
an
ex
am
p
le
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s
e
ca
s
e.
T
h
e
u
s
e
ca
s
e
d
iag
r
am
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
d
ep
icts
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
a
u
s
er
an
d
a
co
m
p
u
ter
s
to
r
e
ap
p
licatio
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eq
u
ip
p
ed
with
AR
f
ea
tu
r
es.
T
h
e
u
s
er
ca
n
b
r
o
wse th
e
s
to
r
e's p
r
o
d
u
ct
ca
talo
g
,
s
elec
t a
s
p
ec
if
ic
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
to
o
ls
,
a
n
d
v
iew
3
D
o
b
jects
o
f
th
e
s
elec
ted
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
u
s
er
ca
n
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
’
s
u
s
er
g
u
id
e
an
d
th
e
s
to
r
e'
s
co
n
tact
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
e
AR
f
ea
tu
r
e
allo
ws
u
s
er
s
to
v
iew
3
D
o
b
jects
o
f
th
e
s
elec
ted
p
r
o
d
u
cts,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
m
o
r
e
in
ter
ac
t
iv
e
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
u
s
ag
e
g
u
id
e
h
elp
s
u
s
er
s
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
h
o
w
to
u
s
e
th
e
A
R
f
ea
tu
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
,
wh
ile
th
e
s
to
r
e'
s
co
n
tact
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
en
ab
les
u
s
er
s
to
c
o
n
tact
th
e
s
to
r
e
if
th
e
y
h
a
v
e
a
n
y
q
u
esti
o
n
s
o
r
co
n
ce
r
n
s
.
I
n
T
ab
le
1
it
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
s
b
y
u
s
er
s
,
th
at
is
,
v
is
ito
r
s
to
o
n
lin
e
co
m
p
u
ter
s
to
r
es.
T
h
e
ap
p
allo
ws
u
s
er
s
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
t
h
e
co
llectio
n
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cts in
th
e
s
t
o
r
e
in
a
th
r
ee
-
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
al
(
3
D
)
d
is
p
lay
o
n
th
eir
d
e
v
ices.
T
h
e
p
r
o
m
in
en
t
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
ap
p
is
d
is
p
lay
in
g
th
e
s
to
r
e
’
s
p
r
o
d
u
cts
in
3
D
f
o
r
m
at.
T
h
is
allo
ws
u
s
er
s
to
g
ain
a
d
ee
p
er
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
in
te
r
ac
tiv
e
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
wh
ile
lo
o
k
i
n
g
at
t
h
e
p
r
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d
u
cts
o
f
f
e
r
ed
.
T
h
e
3
D
v
iew
ca
n
h
elp
u
s
er
s
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
s
h
ap
e,
s
ize,
an
d
d
etails
o
f
p
r
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d
u
cts
b
etter
th
an
ju
s
t
lo
o
k
in
g
at
two
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
im
ag
es.
W
ith
th
is
f
ea
tu
r
e,
cu
s
to
m
er
s
ca
n
h
av
e
d
etailed
p
r
o
d
u
ct
d
escr
ip
tio
n
an
d
th
u
s
th
ey
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ab
le
to
m
ak
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m
o
r
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ate
p
u
r
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h
asin
g
d
ec
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s
io
n
s
an
d
f
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l m
o
r
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s
atis
f
ied
with
th
eir
o
n
lin
e
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
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J
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n
g
&
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m
p
Sci
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Fig
u
r
e
3
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Use c
ase
d
iag
r
a
m
T
ab
le
1
.
User
ap
p
licatio
n
u
s
ag
e
U
ser
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
V
i
si
t
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r
s
V
i
si
t
o
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s
c
a
n
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x
p
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h
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c
o
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c
t
i
o
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f
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e
ms s
o
l
d
o
n
t
h
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m
p
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w
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s
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a
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d
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se
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t
e
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h
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v
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−
Activ
ity
d
iag
r
am
s
I
n
s
o
f
twar
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
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ti
v
ity
d
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g
r
am
s
ar
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p
a
r
ticu
lar
ly
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alu
ab
le.
I
t
h
as
f
u
n
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to
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s
tr
ate
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tep
s
o
f
a
u
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tak
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f
r
o
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th
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f
ir
s
t
p
h
ase
s
u
ch
as
lo
g
in
an
d
lo
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t.
T
h
is
lev
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f
d
etail
is
in
v
alu
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le
f
o
r
id
en
tify
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p
o
ten
tial
b
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ttlen
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k
s
o
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ar
ea
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th
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u
s
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ex
p
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co
u
ld
b
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im
p
r
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v
ed
,
u
l
tim
ately
lead
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t
o
in
cr
ea
s
ed
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
u
s
er
s
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f
ac
tio
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
ac
tiv
ity
d
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r
am
s
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
in
v
ar
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u
s
ap
p
licatio
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s
s
u
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to
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el
b
u
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ess
p
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s
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o
u
tlin
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
p
r
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ce
d
u
r
es,
o
r
ev
e
n
p
lan
e
v
en
t
lo
g
is
tics
.
T
h
eir
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
an
d
in
tu
itiv
e
n
atu
r
e
m
ak
e
th
e
m
an
i
n
d
is
p
en
s
ab
le
to
o
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f
o
r
an
y
o
n
e
s
ee
k
in
g
to
v
is
u
alize
an
d
o
p
tim
ize
c
o
m
p
le
x
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
T
h
e
a
c
ti
v
i
t
y
d
ia
g
r
a
m
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
i
ll
u
s
t
r
a
t
es
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
b
e
tw
e
e
n
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
a
n
d
th
e
s
y
s
t
em
w
i
t
h
i
n
a
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
s
t
o
r
e
a
p
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
e
q
u
i
p
p
e
d
w
i
t
h
AR
f
e
a
t
u
r
e
s
.
S
t
a
r
ti
n
g
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
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l
a
u
n
c
h
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
(
s
t
a
r
t
)
,
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
d
is
p
l
a
y
s
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
’
s
d
a
s
h
b
o
a
r
d
.
F
o
l
l
o
wi
n
g
th
a
t
,
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
c
a
n
c
h
o
o
s
e
a
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
c
a
t
al
o
g
u
e
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
c
a
n
b
r
o
w
s
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
c
a
ta
l
o
g
.
T
o
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
3
D
o
b
j
e
ct
,
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
c
a
n
s
c
a
n
a
n
o
b
j
e
c
t
u
s
i
n
g
AR
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
p
r
o
c
e
e
d
s
t
o
d
et
e
ct
t
h
e
o
b
j
e
c
t
(
d
e
t
e
ct
o
b
j
e
ct
s
)
.
I
f
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
t
i
s
d
e
t
e
ct
e
d
,
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
m
m
e
d
i
a
te
l
y
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
s
t
h
e
3
D
m
o
d
e
l
o
f
t
h
e
o
b
j
e
c
t
.
I
f
i
t
i
s
n
o
t
d
e
t
e
c
t
e
d
,
t
h
e
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
r
e
t
u
r
n
s
t
o
t
h
e
o
b
j
e
c
t
s
c
a
n
n
i
n
g
s
ta
g
e
(
s
c
a
n
o
b
j
e
ct
)
.
T
h
e
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
c
l
ea
r
o
v
e
r
v
i
e
w
o
f
t
h
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
'
s
w
o
r
k
f
l
o
w
,
f
r
o
m
s
t
a
r
t
t
o
f
i
n
i
s
h
,
as
w
e
ll
a
s
h
o
w
u
s
e
r
s
i
n
te
r
a
c
t
w
it
h
t
h
e
AR
f
e
at
u
r
e
t
o
v
ie
w
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
d
e
t
a
i
ls
i
n
3
D
.
−
C
las
s
d
iag
r
am
s
A
class
d
iag
r
am
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
a
s
y
s
tem
b
y
d
ep
i
ctin
g
its
class
es,
attr
ib
u
tes,
m
e
th
o
d
s
,
an
d
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
etwe
en
class
es
.
T
h
e
d
iag
r
am
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
ass
is
ts
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
id
en
tify
i
n
g
p
o
ten
tial
d
esig
n
is
s
u
es,
an
d
d
esig
n
in
g
a
m
o
r
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
s
y
s
tem
.
C
las
s
d
iag
r
am
s
also
s
er
v
e
as a
b
lu
e
p
r
in
t f
o
r
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
am
c
o
d
e
[
3
3
]
.
T
h
e
class
d
iag
r
am
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
an
o
n
lin
e
s
to
r
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
I
t
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
f
o
u
r
m
ain
class
es:
cu
s
to
m
er
,
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ato
r
,
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
ca
r
t,
an
d
o
r
d
er
.
T
h
e
c
u
s
to
m
e
r
class
h
as
attr
ib
u
tes
s
u
ch
as
n
a
m
e,
I
D,
em
ail,
p
h
o
n
e
n
u
m
b
er
,
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
,
alo
n
g
with
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
,
lo
g
in
,
an
d
p
r
o
f
ile
u
p
lo
ad
.
T
h
e
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
class
h
as
attr
ib
u
tes
f
o
r
I
D
an
d
p
ass
wo
r
d
,
as
well
as
a
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
u
p
d
atin
g
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
ca
talo
g
.
T
h
e
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
ca
r
t
class
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
s
ev
er
al
attr
ib
u
tes
s
u
c
h
as
ca
r
t
I
D,
p
r
o
d
u
ct
I
D,
an
d
q
u
an
tity
,
alo
n
g
with
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
ad
d
in
g
item
s
,
u
p
d
atin
g
q
u
an
titi
es,
v
iewin
g
ca
r
t
d
etails,
an
d
p
lacin
g
o
r
d
er
s
.
T
h
e
o
r
d
e
r
class
co
n
tai
n
s
attr
ib
u
tes
f
o
r
o
r
d
er
I
D,
o
r
d
er
d
ate,
s
h
ip
p
in
g
d
ate,
cu
s
to
m
er
I
D,
an
d
s
tatu
s
,
as
well
as
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
v
iewin
g
o
r
d
e
r
d
etails
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
ay
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
class
es
in
d
icate
s
th
at
o
n
e
ad
m
in
is
tr
at
o
r
ca
n
m
an
ag
e
m
u
ltip
le
c
u
s
to
m
er
s
,
o
n
e
cu
s
to
m
er
ca
n
h
a
v
e
o
n
e
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
ca
r
t
an
d
m
u
ltip
le
o
r
d
er
s
,
a
n
d
o
n
e
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
ca
r
t c
a
n
r
esu
lt in
o
n
e
o
r
d
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
37
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
9
1
3
-
9
2
7
918
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Activ
ity
d
iag
r
am
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
C
lass
d
iag
r
am
s
−
Flo
wch
ar
ts
T
h
e
f
lo
wch
ar
t
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
ill
u
s
tr
ates
th
e
wo
r
k
f
lo
w
o
f
a
n
o
n
lin
e
s
to
r
e
s
y
s
tem
eq
u
ip
p
ed
with
A
R
f
ea
tu
r
es.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
eg
in
s
wh
en
eith
er
th
e
u
s
er
o
r
th
e
a
d
m
in
lau
n
ch
es
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
.
I
n
ca
s
e
a
u
s
er
is
n
o
t
r
eg
is
ter
ed
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
th
en
th
ey
n
ee
d
to
r
eg
is
ter
an
d
cr
ea
t
e
an
ac
co
u
n
t
b
e
f
o
r
e
th
e
y
ca
n
l
o
g
in
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
Up
o
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
lo
g
in
,
u
s
er
s
ca
n
b
r
o
wse
an
d
s
ea
r
c
h
all
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
cts,
v
iew
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
d
etails,
an
d
ad
d
th
em
to
th
eir
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
ca
r
t.
T
h
e
p
ay
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
leted
eith
er
o
n
lin
e
o
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
ca
s
h
o
n
d
eliv
e
r
y
(
C
OD)
.
On
ce
th
e
p
a
y
m
en
t
is
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l,
th
e
o
r
d
er
is
p
lac
ed
.
User
s
ca
n
th
en
lo
g
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
af
ter
co
m
p
letin
g
th
eir
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
(
ad
m
in
)
h
as
ac
ce
s
s
t
o
m
an
ag
e
v
ar
io
u
s
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
o
n
lin
e
s
to
r
e.
T
h
e
a
d
m
in
ca
n
ad
d
n
ew
p
r
o
d
u
ct
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
ad
d
p
r
o
d
u
cts
to
th
e
ca
talo
g
,
m
a
n
ag
e
in
co
m
in
g
o
r
d
e
r
s
,
an
d
h
an
d
le
p
a
y
m
en
ts
.
Ad
d
itio
n
all
y
,
th
e
ad
m
i
n
ca
n
r
e
v
iew
cu
s
to
m
er
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
a
n
d
g
e
n
er
ate
r
ep
o
r
ts
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
is
f
lo
wch
ar
t
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
clea
r
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
h
o
w
u
s
er
s
in
ter
ac
t
with
th
e
o
n
lin
e
s
to
r
e,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
mp
leme
n
ta
tio
n
o
f
a
u
g
me
n
ted
r
ea
lity a
s
a
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
a
r
y
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
in
co
m
p
u
ter
… (
A
is
ya
h
Mu
tia
Da
w
is
)
919
f
r
o
m
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
f
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
cts
t
o
co
m
p
letin
g
p
ay
m
e
n
t.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
it
also
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
ad
m
i
n
'
s
r
o
le
in
m
an
ag
in
g
t
h
e
o
n
lin
e
s
to
r
e
,
in
clu
d
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ct
m
an
a
g
em
e
n
t,
o
r
d
e
r
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t,
p
a
y
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
an
d
cu
s
to
m
er
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Flo
wch
ar
t
o
f
s
y
s
tem
B.
Desig
n
T
h
e
m
u
ltime
d
ia
p
r
o
d
u
ct
d
esig
n
p
h
ase
is
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
cr
ea
tin
g
an
o
p
tim
al
u
s
er
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
.
T
h
is
p
h
ase
in
clu
d
es
cr
ea
tin
g
s
to
r
y
b
o
ar
d
s
f
o
r
th
e
n
a
r
r
ativ
e
f
l
o
w,
wir
ef
r
am
es
f
o
r
la
y
o
u
t,
a
n
d
UI
d
esig
n
th
at
is
b
o
th
v
is
u
ally
ap
p
ea
lin
g
a
n
d
in
tu
i
tiv
e.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
c
o
lo
r
s
,
ty
p
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
,
a
n
d
m
u
ltime
d
ia
ass
ets
i
s
d
o
n
e
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
.
I
n
ter
ac
tiv
ity
is
en
h
an
ce
d
with
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
b
u
t
to
n
s
,
m
en
u
s
,
an
d
a
n
im
atio
n
s
[
3
4
]
.
C
o
llab
o
r
atio
n
b
etwe
en
d
esig
n
er
s
an
d
d
ev
el
o
p
er
s
r
esu
lts
in
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
b
lu
ep
r
in
t
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
e
r
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t.
C.
Ma
ter
ial
co
llectin
g
T
h
e
Ma
ter
ial
C
o
llectin
g
p
h
as
e
is
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
g
ath
er
in
g
all
n
ec
ess
ar
y
m
ater
ials
f
o
r
a
m
u
ltime
d
ia
p
r
o
ject,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
tex
t,
im
a
g
es,
au
d
io
,
an
d
v
id
e
o
.
T
h
ese
m
ater
ials
ar
e
co
llected
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
in
ter
n
al
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
ca
r
ef
u
lly
s
el
ec
ted
b
ased
o
n
r
elev
a
n
ce
an
d
q
u
ality
to
m
ee
t
th
e
p
r
o
ject'
s
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
.
T
h
is
p
h
ase
is
cr
u
cial
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
e
p
r
o
ject
h
as
all
t
h
e
elem
en
t
s
n
ee
d
ed
to
e
f
f
ec
tiv
ely
co
n
v
ey
its
m
ess
ag
e
an
d
ac
h
iev
e
its
o
b
jectiv
es.
D.
Ass
em
b
ly
T
h
e
ass
em
b
ly
s
tag
e
is
th
e
s
tep
wh
er
e
all
th
e
elem
en
ts
ar
e
in
t
eg
r
ated
i
n
to
a
m
u
ltime
d
ia
ap
p
licatio
n
as
we
s
ee
in
F
ig
u
r
e
7
.
T
ec
h
n
ical
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
co
m
m
en
ce
s
,
en
c
o
m
p
ass
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
,
ar
r
a
n
g
em
en
t
o
f
d
esig
n
elem
en
ts
,
an
d
f
u
n
cti
o
n
ality
t
esti
n
g
.
Un
ity
3
D
is
a
s
o
f
twar
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
c
r
ea
te
g
r
ap
h
ics
,
au
d
io
,
in
p
u
t,
a
n
d
o
th
er
m
u
ltifu
n
ctio
n
al
elem
en
t
s
,
n
o
t
lim
ited
to
g
am
e
cr
ea
tio
n
[
3
5
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
Un
ity
3
D
is
its
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
37
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
9
1
3
-
9
2
7
920
g
am
e
en
g
i
n
e
th
at
m
ak
es
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
an
d
its
ca
p
ac
ity
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
g
am
es
in
b
o
th
2
D
a
n
d
3
D
f
o
r
m
ats
[
3
6
]
.
Ma
r
k
er
less
AR
,
a
s
th
e
n
am
e
s
u
g
g
ests
,
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
an
y
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
h
y
s
ical
m
ar
k
er
s
,
u
n
lik
e
tr
ac
k
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
t
h
at
r
ely
o
n
b
lack
an
d
wh
ite
m
ar
k
e
r
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
in
th
is
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
m
ar
k
er
s
u
s
ed
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
r
e
-
r
eg
is
ter
ed
with
in
th
e
Vu
f
o
r
ia
p
latf
o
r
m
to
b
e
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
b
y
AR
d
ev
ices.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Ass
em
b
ly
E.
T
esti
n
g
T
esti
n
g
p
h
ase
p
lay
s
an
im
p
o
r
t
an
t r
o
le
s
in
ce
it d
eter
m
in
es th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
.
I
n
th
is
s
tep
th
e
m
u
ltime
d
ia
ap
p
licatio
n
is
tes
ted
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
t
h
at
ev
e
r
y
th
in
g
r
u
n
s
as
it
is
d
esig
n
e
d
.
T
est
in
g
in
clu
d
es
er
r
o
r
ch
ec
k
in
g
(
d
eb
u
g
g
i
n
g
)
,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
at
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
wo
r
k
s
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
d
ev
ices
an
d
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
m
ee
ts
u
s
er
n
ee
d
s
an
d
p
r
o
ject
o
b
jectiv
es
[
3
7
]
.
I
n
th
is
test
in
g
p
h
ase,
an
ev
alu
atio
n
is
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
p
tim
ally
.
All
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ar
e
ch
ec
k
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if
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p
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with
r
e
q
u
ir
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ts
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d
p
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s
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T
h
e
test
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g
i
n
v
o
lv
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wo
ty
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o
f
s
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ely
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e
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d
r
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y
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T
ab
le
2
.
W
h
er
e
th
e
d
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elo
p
er
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n
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ctin
g
test
to
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licatio
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.
I
n
co
n
tr
atr
y
,
UAT
is
co
n
d
u
ct
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b
y
th
e
u
s
er
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
s
y
s
tem
m
ee
ts
th
e
u
s
er
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
.
T
ab
le
2
.
B
lack
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b
o
x
test
in
g
No
F
e
a
t
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r
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t
e
s
t
e
d
Te
st
f
e
a
t
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r
e
Ex
p
e
c
t
e
d
r
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su
l
t
Te
st
r
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su
l
t
S
t
a
t
u
s
1
H
o
me
P
a
g
e
C
o
m
p
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r
S
t
o
r
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W
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b
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t
e
I
n
i
t
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a
l
d
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s
p
l
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y
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p
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n
s
f
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r
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c
o
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d
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V
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r
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f
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d
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ssf
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l
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a
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2
M
a
i
n
M
e
n
u
P
a
g
e
M
e
n
u
F
e
a
t
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r
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o
mp
u
t
e
r
S
t
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r
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W
e
b
s
i
t
e
D
i
sp
l
a
y
s a
l
i
st
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s a
n
d
i
t
e
m
v
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a
t
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t
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h
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C
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m
p
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3
D
a
sh
b
o
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r
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U
ser D
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sh
b
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r
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m
p
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b
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D
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l
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st
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f
p
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c
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s a
n
d
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v
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4
N
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AR
A
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a
v
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5
D
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sp
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g
P
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6
P
r
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t
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C
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p
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8
U
ser I
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R
U
ser I
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a
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10
S
y
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m
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d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
mp
leme
n
ta
tio
n
o
f
a
u
g
me
n
ted
r
ea
lity a
s
a
r
ev
o
lu
tio
n
a
r
y
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
in
co
m
p
u
ter
… (
A
is
ya
h
Mu
tia
Da
w
is
)
921
−
User
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
test
in
g
(
UAT
)
User
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
test
in
g
(
UA
T
)
en
s
u
r
es
th
e
co
n
f
o
r
m
ity
o
f
f
ea
tu
r
es
to
th
e
u
s
er
n
ee
d
s
af
ter
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
p
h
ase.
I
t
is
a
cr
u
cial
s
tag
e
b
e
f
o
r
e
r
elea
s
e,
ai
m
ed
at
g
u
ar
an
teein
g
th
e
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
'
s
r
ea
d
in
ess
to
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
s
o
lv
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ty
p
icall
y
b
eg
i
n
s
b
y
estab
lis
h
in
g
a
w
eig
h
tin
g
s
ca
le
tab
le
s
u
ch
as
in
T
a
b
le
3
b
ased
o
n
a
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
ly
d
eter
m
in
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
i
o
r
itizatio
n
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
asp
ec
ts
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
alities
.
T
h
e
UAT
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
es
a
s
e
r
ies
o
f
ca
r
ef
u
lly
d
esig
n
ed
test
s
th
at
s
im
u
late
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
an
d
u
s
er
in
te
r
ac
tio
n
s
[
3
8
]
.
T
h
is
test
in
g
p
h
ase
h
elp
s
u
n
co
v
er
p
o
ten
tial
is
s
u
es,
s
u
ch
as
b
u
g
s
,
u
s
ab
ilit
y
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
o
r
u
n
m
et
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
B
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
at
in
g
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
ac
tu
al
u
s
er
s
,
d
ev
elo
p
er
s
ca
n
m
ak
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
r
e
f
in
em
en
ts
an
d
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
a
s
m
o
o
th
er
an
d
m
o
r
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
f
in
al
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
T
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
UAT
is
to
d
eliv
er
a
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
ap
p
licatio
n
th
at
alig
n
s
with
u
s
er
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
s
a
n
d
d
eliv
er
s
a
s
ea
m
less
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
T
ab
le
3
.
W
eig
h
tin
g
S
c
a
l
e
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
S
c
o
r
e
P
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
SD
N
o
t
G
o
o
d
/
N
o
t
Ea
s
y
/
N
o
t
S
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
/
N
o
t
C
l
e
a
r
1
0
–
2
5
%
D
Le
ss G
o
o
d
/
L
e
ss
Ea
s
y
/
Le
ss Su
i
t
a
b
l
e
/
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e
ss
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l
e
a
r
2
2
6
–
5
0
%
A
G
o
o
d
/
E
a
sy
/
S
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
/
C
l
e
a
r
3
5
1
–
7
5
%
SA
V
e
r
y
G
o
o
d
/
V
e
r
y
E
a
sy
/
V
e
r
y
S
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
/
V
e
r
y
C
l
e
a
r
4
7
6
–
1
0
0
%
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
is
a
f
o
r
m
u
la
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
ea
c
h
g
iv
en
an
s
wer
:
=
f
n
100
%
E
x
p
lan
atio
n
:
P =
Per
ce
n
tag
e
.
f
=
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
an
s
wer
s
.
n
=
Nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
test
r
esu
lts
is
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
v
a
r
io
u
s
in
d
icato
r
s
lis
ted
i
n
T
ab
le
4
.
T
h
ese
in
d
icato
r
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
cle
ar
p
ictu
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
lev
el
o
f
q
u
ality
th
at
o
cc
u
r
r
e
d
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
test
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
n
th
is
an
aly
s
is
,
ea
ch
ca
teg
o
r
y
is
d
etailed
,
th
u
s
allo
win
g
u
s
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
asp
ec
ts
th
at
h
av
e
ch
a
n
g
ed
.
Ass
es
s
m
en
t
in
d
icato
r
s
in
T
a
b
le
4
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
o
r
i
d
en
tify
in
g
an
d
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
ex
ten
t
to
w
h
ich
th
is
d
eg
r
a
d
atio
n
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
o
v
er
all
test
r
es
u
lts
.
T
h
is
ev
alu
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
cr
u
cial
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
ea
ch
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
is
test
ed
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
l
y
an
d
th
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
an
aly
ze
d
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
ely
.
T
h
u
s
,
T
ab
le
4
n
o
t
o
n
ly
b
ec
o
m
es
a
to
o
l
in
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
b
u
t
also
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
er
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
in
g
r
elate
d
to
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
s
tep
s
.
T
h
is
ev
alu
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
d
ee
p
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
an
d
r
esil
ien
ce
o
f
th
e
test
ed
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
ab
le
4
.
Ass
ess
m
en
t in
d
icato
r
s
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
P
v
a
l
u
e
V
e
r
y
b
a
d
0
–
4
0
%
B
a
d
4
1
–
6
0
%
G
o
o
d
6
1
–
8
0
%
V
e
r
y
g
o
o
d
8
1
–
1
0
0
%
T
h
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
UAT
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
2
5
p
ar
ti
cip
an
ts
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
ab
l
e
5
.
T
h
is
ev
alu
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
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er
v
iew
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well
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tem
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as
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ec
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en
d
u
s
er
,
wh
ich
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t step
in
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
q
u
ality
an
d
r
ea
d
in
ess
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
e
r
al
way
s
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
,
o
n
e
o
f
wh
ich
is
b
y
u
s
in
g
s
tatis
tica
l
v
alid
atio
n
an
d
r
eliab
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y
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Ho
wev
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,
th
er
e
is
n
o
s
tan
d
ar
d
r
u
le
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
,
alth
o
u
g
h
m
o
s
t
s
tu
d
ies
u
s
e
m
o
r
e
th
an
2
0
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
an
o
b
s
tacle
wh
en
th
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r
esear
ch
is
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
a
s
m
all
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
s
to
d
escr
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e
h
o
w
to
p
r
o
p
e
r
ly
co
n
d
u
ct
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
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y
test
s
u
s
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
37
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
9
1
3
-
9
2
7
922
T
ab
le
5
.
UAT
test
r
esu
lts
Q
u
e
st
i
o
n
S
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
d
i
s
a
g
r
e
e
(
1
p
o
i
n
t
)
D
i
sag
r
e
e
(
2
p
o
i
n
t
)
A
g
r
e
e
(
3
p
o
i
n
t
)
S
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
A
g
r
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e
(
4
p
o
i
n
t
)
Q1
H
o
w
d
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a
ss
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ss t
h
e
q
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a
l
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ser
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d
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C
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y
?
0
2
5
18
Q2
D
o
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t
h
e
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I
d
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si
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n
p
r
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v
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n
a
t
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r
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c
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v
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l
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m
p
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ss
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d
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l
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w
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e
E
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merc
e
/
c
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m
p
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st
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w
e
b
s
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t
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m
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?
0
1
4
20
Q3
H
o
w
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a
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t
t
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n
a
v
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g
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t
e
t
h
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E
-
C
o
mm
e
r
c
e
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ser
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t
e
r
f
a
c
e
w
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t
h
t
h
e
a
d
d
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o
n
o
f
t
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s
A
R
t
e
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h
n
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g
y
a
c
c
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n
g
t
o
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u
?
0
2
8
15
Q4
I
s
t
h
e
n
a
v
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
st
e
m
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s
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p
p
l
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c
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t
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n
c
o
n
si
d
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d
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t
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v
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n
d
e
a
s
y
t
o
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n
d
e
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st
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n
d
b
y
y
o
u
?
0
2
5
18
Q5
H
o
w
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a
sy
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s
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t
f
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st
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se
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h
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a
p
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c
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f
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t
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s,
su
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h
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s
n
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v
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t
i
o
n
,
p
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n
d
p
r
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d
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t
d
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s
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r
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p
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o
n
?
0
1
3
21
Q6
W
h
a
t
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s
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p
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n
i
o
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t
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l
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h
n
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y
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ms f
o
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c
o
m
p
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n
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d
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me
n
si
o
n
s?
0
1
4
20
Q7
H
o
w
c
o
mf
o
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t
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b
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r
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si
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mark
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t
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A
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d
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m t
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n
t
h
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s
a
p
p
l
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c
a
t
i
o
n
?
1
1
15
8
Q8
I
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
c
e
ss o
f
v
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e
w
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n
g
a
n
d
c
h
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k
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n
g
t
h
e
d
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t
a
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l
s
o
f
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t
e
ms
f
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r
sal
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n
t
h
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c
o
m
p
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t
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t
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r
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w
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si
t
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c
o
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si
d
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d
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sy
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sf
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e
?
0
2
4
19
Q9
H
o
w
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s
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s
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t
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y
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t
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f
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mat
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p
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?
0
2
1
22
Q
1
0
To
w
h
a
t
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t
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t
d
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n
?
0
1
3
21
Q
1
1
D
o
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f
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t
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t
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n
c
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?
0
0
8
17
Q
1
2
W
h
a
t
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s
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o
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r
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p
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n
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n
o
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n
si
v
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n
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ss
o
f
t
h
e
E
-
C
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m
merc
e
/
c
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m
p
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st
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e
w
e
b
s
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t
e
t
o
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s
e
r
c
o
mm
a
n
d
s?
0
0
6
19
−
Valid
ity
test
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
tab
le
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
v
alid
ity
test
o
f
t
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
v
alid
ity
test
was
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
Pear
s
o
n
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
(
r
ca
lc
u
lated
)
b
etwe
en
th
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s
co
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o
f
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q
u
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n
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e
to
tal
s
co
r
e.
T
h
e
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ca
lcu
lated
v
alu
e
was
th
e
n
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o
m
p
ar
e
d
wit
h
th
e
c
r
itical
r
tab
le
v
alu
e
(
d
f
=
2
3
)
at
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
lev
el
o
f
5
%.
A
q
u
esti
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n
is
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
v
alid
if
th
e
r
ca
lc
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lated
v
alu
e
is
g
r
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te
r
th
an
th
e
r
tab
le
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alu
e.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
all
q
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n
s
in
th
e
q
u
esti
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n
n
ai
r
e
h
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e
an
r
ca
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lated
v
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e
g
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ter
t
h
an
th
e
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tab
le
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e,
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d
icatin
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th
at
all
q
u
e
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e
v
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d
ca
n
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e
u
s
ed
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r
e
th
e
in
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R
ef
er
r
in
g
to
th
e
T
ab
le
6
,
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n
b
e
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n
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at
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esti
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n
s
(
Q1
-
Q1
2
)
in
th
e
q
u
esti
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n
n
air
e
ar
e
v
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,
s
in
ce
t
h
e
co
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n
t r
v
alu
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
th
e
tab
le
r
v
alu
e.
T
ab
le
6
.
T
est th
e
v
ali
d
ity
o
f
t
h
e
q
u
esti
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n
n
air
e
Q
u
e
st
i
o
n
r
c
o
u
n
t
r
t
a
b
l
e
(
d
f
=
2
3
)
D
e
scri
p
t
i
o
n
Q1
0
.
9
9
9
4
0
1
0
.
3
9
6
V
a
l
i
d
Q2
0
.
9
9
7
0
7
4
0
.
3
9
6
V
a
l
i
d
Q3
0
.
9
8
4
1
9
1
0
.
3
9
6
V
a
l
i
d
Q4
0
.
9
9
9
4
0
1
0
.
3
9
6
V
a
l
i
d
Q5
0
.
9
9
2
8
5
1
0
.
3
9
6
V
a
l
i
d
Q6
0
.
9
9
7
0
7
4
0
.
3
9
6
V
a
l
i
d
Q7
0
.
5
5
2
3
5
8
0
.
3
9
6
V
a
l
i
d
Q8
0
.
9
9
6
6
4
0
.
3
9
6
V
a
l
i
d
Q9
0
.
9
7
9
6
5
7
0
.
3
9
6
V
a
l
i
d
Q
1
0
0
.
9
9
2
8
5
1
0
.
3
9
6
V
a
l
i
d
Q
1
1
0
.
9
8
8
7
0
.
3
9
6
V
a
l
i
d
Q
1
2
0
.
9
9
9
2
6
8
0
.
3
9
6
V
a
l
i
d
−
R
eliab
ilit
y
test
T
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
o
f
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
s
in
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
am
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
r
eliab
ilit
y
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
'
s
A
lp
h
a,
wh
ich
y
ield
ed
a
v
alu
e
o
f
0
.
9
8
9
.
T
h
is
v
alu
e
i
s
v
er
y
h
ig
h
a
n
d
it
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
h
av
e
ex
c
ellen
t
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
I
t
also
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
in
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
ar
y
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
s
am
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