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15
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1998
[
16]
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[
20
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[
21]
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R
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al.
[
22]
h
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[
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[
24]
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o
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to
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GH
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[
25]
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Ul
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[
26]
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5880
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2
7
]
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.
[
2
8
]
pr
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R
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5880
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13
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t
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a
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-
10
dB
[
29
]
.
K
u
m
a
r
e
t
al
.
[
30]
h
a
s
s
t
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[
1]
D
.
W
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H
.
W
o
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K
.
B
.
N
g,
a
nd
C
.
H
.
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ha
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r
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Sy
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pos
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on
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nt
e
nnas
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P
r
opagati
on,
C
hi
c
ago,
I
lI
in
oi
s
,
U
S,
J
ul
y
2012,
pp.
5
–
6,
do
i
:
10.1109/AP
S
.2012.6348627
.
[
2]
K
.
F
.
L
e
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nd
K
.
F
.
T
o
ng,
“
M
ic
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o
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s
,
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in
P
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e
di
ngs
o
f
th
e
I
E
E
E
,
v
o
l.
100, n
o
. 7, pp. 2169
-
2180, J
ul
y
, 2012,
d
o
i
:
10.1109/
J
P
R
O
C
.2012.21838229
.
[
3]
B
.
G
.
P
.
S
ha
r
i
f
f
,
P
.
R
.
M
a
ne
,
P
.
K
uma
r
,
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.
A
li
,
a
nd
M
.
G
.
N
.
A
ls
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th
,
“
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I
M
O
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mm
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ti
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:
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vol
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nt
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nd
f
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tu
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s
c
o
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,”
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e
li
y
on
, v
o
l.
9, pp.
1
-
32, F
e
b
r
ua
r
y
, 2023
,
d
o
i:
10.1016/j
.h
e
li
y
on.2023.
e
13362
.
[
4]
F
.
Y
a
ng
a
nd
Y
.
R
a
hma
t
-
S
a
mi
i,
“
E
le
c
t
r
o
ma
gne
t
ic
ba
nd
ga
p
s
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uc
tu
r
e
s
in
a
nt
e
nna
e
ng
in
e
e
r
in
g
,”
(
1s
t
e
di
ti
o
n)
,
C
a
mbr
i
dge
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y
P
r
e
s
s
, (
2009)
.
ht
tp
s
:/
/d
o
i.
or
g/
10.1017/C
B
O
9780511
754531
.
[
5]
K
. F
.
L
e
e
,
K
. M
.
L
uk, a
nd
H
. W
.
L
a
i,
M
ic
r
os
tr
ip
P
at
c
h
A
nt
e
nnas
(
2nd e
di
ti
on)
,
W
o
r
ld
S
c
ie
nt
i
f
i
c
, 2017,
d
o
i
:
10.1142/10408
.
[
6]
Z
.
C
ha
o
,
Z
,
Z
it
o
ng,
X
.
P
e
i,
L
.
Z
hu
a
nd
L
i
G
a
o
s
he
ng,
“
A
mi
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iz
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d
mi
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nna
w
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W
B
a
ppl
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a
ti
o
ns
,”
Sc
ie
nt
if
ic
r
e
po
r
ts
, v
o
l.
1
2, no
.
19703, N
ove
mb
e
r
2022,
d
o
i
:
10.1038/s
41598
-
022
-
24384
-
2
.
[
7]
M
.
K
ha
li
l
y
,
R
.
T
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r
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[
10]
A
.
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ndw
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l,
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nd
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d
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le
c
tr
om
agne
ti
c
s
,
v
o
l.
7,
pp.
1
-
5,
2017
,
do
i
:
10
.7716/a
e
m.
v
6i
4.450
.
[
11]
S
. A
. A
.
R
ua
a
a
nd B
. K
. A
mm
a
r
, “
A
m
o
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f
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o
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o
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ol
.
11,
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o
.
2,
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i
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.
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l.
11,
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o
.
1,
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:
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[
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.
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e
li
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on,
v
ol
.
10,
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-
9, 2024,
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o
i
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1016/j
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23712
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[
14]
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.
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ll
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s
, v
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l.
10, pp. 1
-
11, 2
020,
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i
:
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[
15]
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.
K
.
G
ir
i,
R
.
K
.
S
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gh
,
a
nd
K
.
M
a
mt
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,
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H
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our
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o
f
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ie
nt
i
f
ic
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
, v
o
l.
14, pp. 4
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-
417, 2022,
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:
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s
r
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2.55209
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[
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n,
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R
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a
l,
N
.
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nd
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.
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h,
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r
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c
s
,”
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le
c
tr
on
ic
s
L
e
tt
e
r
, vo
l.
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o
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H
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D
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L
u,
L
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M
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S
i,
a
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Y
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L
iu
,
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o
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mi
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le
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tr
oni
c
s
L
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tt
e
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,
v
o
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[
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R
.
G
r
a
je
k,
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.
S
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,
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nd
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.
M
.
R
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,
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H
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gh
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Y
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r
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ac
ti
ons
on
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nt
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and P
r
opagati
on
,
vo
l.
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G
.
R
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D
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J
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a
n,
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T
ha
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N
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la
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,
a
nd
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.
M
.
T
e
nt
z
e
r
is
,
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n
a
nd
a
na
ly
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is
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E
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e
nnas
and
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e
le
s
s
P
r
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on
L
e
tt
e
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N
.
H
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nma
,
T
.
S
e
ki
,
a
nd
K
.
N
is
hi
ka
w
a
,
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o
mpa
c
t
pl
a
na
r
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our
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t
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nt
e
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o
mp
r
is
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g
mi
c
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Y
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E
E
E
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nt
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nnas
and
W
ir
e
le
s
s
P
r
opagati
on L
e
tt
e
r
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/
L
A
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S
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L
iu
,
R
.
R
a
a
d
,
a
nd
F
.
E
.
M
.
T
ubba
l,
“
P
r
in
t
e
d
Y
a
gi
-
U
da
a
nt
e
n
na
a
r
r
a
y
o
n
C
ub
e
S
a
t
,”
in
11t
h
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
Si
gnal
Pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
and
C
om
m
uni
c
at
io
n
S
y
s
te
m
s
(
I
C
SP
C
S)
,
Sur
f
e
r
s
P
ar
adi
s
e
,
A
us
tr
a
li
a
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2017,
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5,
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N.
R
a
ml
i,
S
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K
.
N
o
or
,
T
.
K
ha
li
f
a
,
a
nd
N
.
H
.
A
bd
R
a
hma
n,
“
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e
s
ig
n
a
nd
pe
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
a
na
l
y
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is
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f
f
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r
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nt
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e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
s
ubs
tr
a
te
ba
s
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mi
c
r
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tc
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a
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f
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a
ti
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nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
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f
A
dv
anc
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d C
om
put
e
r
Sc
ie
nc
e
and
A
ppl
ic
at
io
ns
,
vo
l.
11, no
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23]
K
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K
.
G
ir
i,
R
.
K
.
S
in
gh
a
nd
K
.
M
a
mt
a
,
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ul
ti
ba
nd
a
nt
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ig
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o
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o
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r
n
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nt
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r
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io
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om
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C
R
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,
J
a
ms
h
e
dpur
,
I
ndi
a
,
2022,
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64
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8,
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T
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[
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H
.
Y
o
n,
N
.
H
.
A
bd
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a
hma
n,
M
.
A
.
A
r
is
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a
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H
.
J
uma
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t,
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e
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l
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gh
ga
in
mi
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r
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a
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o
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tr
u
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c
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n
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nt
e
r
nat
io
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our
nal
of
E
le
c
tr
ic
al
and
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om
put
e
r
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
,
vo
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n
o
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3
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K
.
S
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gh,
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r
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n
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y
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o
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e
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our
nal
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anage
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nt
, I
T
, and E
ngi
ne
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r
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M
I
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U
l
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U
ll
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f
e
r
e
nt
w
ir
e
l
e
s
s
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
o
ns
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
A
dv
anc
e
d
C
om
put
e
r
Sc
ie
nc
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A
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U
-
s
lo
t
r
e
c
ta
ngul
a
r
pa
tc
h
a
nt
e
nna
f
o
r
mul
ti
ba
nd
a
ppl
i
c
a
ti
o
ns
,”
C
om
put
e
r
s
and
E
le
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tr
i
c
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E
ngi
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K
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N
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a
ml
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ha
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M
.
T
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li
,
a
nd M
. A
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a
li
m, “
G
a
in
e
nha
n
c
e
me
nt
of
r
e
c
ta
ngul
a
r
mi
c
r
o
s
tr
ip
pa
t
c
h a
nt
e
nna
us
in
g a
ir
ga
p a
t
2.4 G
H
z
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
N
anoe
le
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tr
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in
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a
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R
.
K
.
K
e
s
hr
i,
“
D
e
s
ig
n
a
nd
de
ve
l
o
pm
e
nt
of
mi
c
r
o
s
tr
ip
pa
t
c
h a
nt
e
nna
f
o
r
mi
ll
im
e
t
e
r
-
w
a
ve
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
o
n
,”
L
e
c
tu
r
e
N
ot
e
s
i
n E
le
c
tr
i
c
al
E
ngi
ne
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g
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U
pl
a
ne
,
“
E
f
f
e
c
t
of
s
l
o
ts
in
gr
o
und
pl
a
ne
a
nd
pa
t
c
h
o
n
mi
c
r
o
s
tr
ip
a
nt
e
nna
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
nc
e
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
R
e
c
e
nt
T
r
e
nds
i
n E
ngi
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e
r
in
g
,
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G
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K
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e
a
d,
J
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N
a
ka
s
uw
a
n,
N
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S
o
ngt
ha
na
pi
ta
k
,
a
nd
S
.
N
.
A
na
nt
r
a
,
“
I
nv
e
s
ti
ga
t
e
r
e
c
ta
ngul
a
r
s
lo
t
a
nt
e
nna
w
it
h
L
-
s
ha
pe
s
tr
ip
,”
P
I
E
R
S
,
vo
l.
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S
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P
.
R
a
ja
n
a
nd
C
.
V
i
v
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k,
“
A
na
l
y
s
is
a
nd
de
s
ig
n
of
mi
c
r
o
s
tr
i
p
pa
tc
h
a
nt
e
nna
f
o
r
r
a
da
r
c
o
mm
uni
c
a
ti
o
n
,”
J
our
nal
of
E
le
c
tr
ic
al
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g and T
e
c
hnol
ogy
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l.
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D
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M
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M
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ma
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D
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B
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O
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K
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ndi
ti
,
a
nd
O
.
V
.
B
o
s
s
o
u.
“
A
mi
ni
a
tu
r
iz
e
d
dua
l
-
ba
nd
pl
a
na
r
a
nt
e
nna
w
it
h
a
s
qua
r
e
r
in
g
de
f
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te
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gr
o
und
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
f
or
5
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mi
ll
im
e
tr
e
-
w
a
ve
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
o
ns
,”
I
ndon
e
s
ia
n
J
our
nal
o
f
E
le
c
t
r
ic
al
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
and
C
om
put
e
r
Sc
i
e
n
c
e
,
vo
l.
29, n
o
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Z
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W
a
ng,
J
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L
iu
,
a
nd
Y
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L
o
ng,
“
A
s
im
pl
e
w
id
e
-
ba
ndw
id
th
a
nd
hi
gh
-
ga
in
mi
c
r
o
s
tr
ip
pa
tc
h
a
nt
e
nna
w
it
h
b
o
th
s
id
e
s
s
hor
t
e
d
,”
I
E
E
E
A
nt
e
nnas
and W
ir
e
le
s
s
P
r
opagati
on
L
e
tt
e
r
s
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18, n
o
. 6, pp.
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S
.
K
uma
r
,
K
.
U
dha
y
a
ni
la
,
V
.
M
o
ha
n,
S
.
T
.
K
uma
r
,
D
.
D
e
v
a
r
a
ja
n,
a
nd
G
.
C
hi
tr
a
ka
la
,
“
D
e
s
ig
n
of
mi
c
r
o
s
tr
ip
a
nt
e
nna
us
in
g
hi
gh
f
r
e
qu
e
n
c
y
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
s
im
ul
a
to
r
f
o
r
5
G
a
ppl
i
c
a
ti
o
ns
a
t
29
G
H
z
r
e
s
o
na
nt
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
A
dv
anc
e
d
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
and E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g E
x
pl
or
at
io
n
, vo
l
. 9, n
o
. 92, pp. 996
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2,
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J
.
C
o
la
c
o
a
nd
R
.
L
o
ha
ni
,
“
D
e
s
ig
n
a
nd
im
pl
e
me
nt
a
ti
o
n
of
mi
c
r
o
s
tr
ip
c
ir
c
ul
a
r
pa
tc
h
a
nt
e
nn
a
f
o
r
5G
a
ppl
i
c
a
ti
o
ns
,”
in
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on E
le
c
tr
ic
al
, C
om
m
uni
c
at
io
n, and C
om
put
e
r
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
,
2
020
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do
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10.1109/i
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c
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[
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M
.
S
.
I
s
la
m, M
.
T
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I
s
la
m,
M
.
A
.
U
ll
a
h,
G
.
K
.
B
e
ng,
N
.
A
mi
n,
a
nd
N
.
M
is
r
a
n,
“
A
mo
di
f
i
e
d
m
e
a
nde
r
li
ne
mi
c
r
o
s
tr
ip
pa
t
c
h
a
nt
e
nna
w
it
h
e
nha
nc
e
d
ba
ndw
id
th
f
or
2.4
G
H
z
I
S
M
-
ba
nd
in
te
r
n
e
t
of
th
i
ngs
(
I
oT
)
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
o
ns
,”
I
E
E
E
A
c
c
e
s
s
,
v
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7,
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M
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H
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S
ha
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a
f
,
A
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I
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Z
a
ki
,
R
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K
.
H
a
ma
d
,
a
nd
M
.
M
.
M
.
O
ma
,
“
A
no
v
e
l
dua
l
-
ba
nd
(
38/
60
G
H
z
)
pa
tc
h
a
nt
e
nna
f
or
5g
mo
b
il
e
ha
nds
e
ts
,”
Se
ns
o
r
s
(
S
w
it
z
e
r
la
nd)
,
vo
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20, n
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pp. 2541, 2020
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[
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T
.
K
i
r
a
n,
N
.
M
o
uni
s
ha
,
C
.
M
y
th
il
y
,
D
.
A
khi
l
,
a
nd
T
.
P
.
K
u
ma
r
,
“
D
e
s
ig
n
of
mi
c
r
o
s
tr
ip
pa
tc
h
a
nt
e
nna
f
or
5G
a
ppl
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,”
J
our
nal
of
E
le
c
t
r
oni
c
s
and
C
om
m
uni
c
at
io
n E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g (
I
O
SR
-
J
E
C
E
)
,
vo
l.
13, pp. 14
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17, 2018,
d
o
i
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17
.
[
4
0
]
O
.
D
a
r
b
o
e
,
D
.
B
.
O
.
K
o
n
d
i
t
i
,
a
n
d
F
.
M
a
n
e
ne
,
“
A
2
8
G
H
z
r
e
c
t
a
n
g
u
la
r
m
i
c
r
o
s
t
r
i
p
p
a
tc
h
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
f
o
r
5G
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p
p
l
ic
a
t
io
ns
,”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
no
.
6
,
p
p
.
8
5
4
–
85
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[
41]
V
.
A
.
S
.
P
o
nn
a
pa
ll
i
,
K
.
D
.
R
e
ddy
,
a
n
d
S
.
A
qe
e
l,
“
P
a
r
a
me
tr
ic
s
tu
d
y
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
mi
c
r
o
s
tr
i
p
pa
tc
h
a
nt
e
n
n
a
w
i
th
m
ul
t
ip
le
s
li
t
po
s
i
ti
o
n
s
,”
C
a
r
p
a
t
hi
a
n
J
o
ur
na
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
oni
c
a
nd
C
o
m
p
ut
e
r
E
ng
in
e
e
r
i
ng
, v
o
l.
1
3,
no
.
1
,
pp
.
1
–
4,
2
02
0,
do
i
:
1
0.
24
78
/c
je
c
e
-
20
20
-
0
00
1
.
[
42]
D
.
A
.
S
e
hr
a
i,
J
.
K
ha
n,
a
nd
M
.
A
bdul
la
h,
“
D
e
s
ig
n
of
hi
gh
ga
in
ba
s
e
s
ta
ti
o
n
a
nt
e
nna
a
r
r
a
y
f
o
r
mm
-
w
a
v
e
c
e
ll
ul
a
r
c
o
mm
uni
c
a
ti
o
n
s
y
s
te
ms
,”
Sc
ie
nt
if
ic
R
e
por
ts
,
v
o
l.
13, pp. 4907
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4913, 2023,
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o
i:
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41598
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023
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31728
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[
43]
Z
.
L
o
d
r
o
,
N
.
S
ha
h,
E
.
M
a
ha
r
,
S
.
B
.
T
ir
mi
z
i
,
a
nd
M
.
L
o
d
r
o
,
“
mm
W
a
v
e
n
ove
l
mul
ti
ba
nd
mi
c
r
o
s
tr
ip
pa
tc
h
a
nt
e
nna
de
s
ig
n
f
o
r
5G
c
o
mm
uni
c
a
ti
o
n
,”
in
2nd
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
C
om
put
i
ng,
M
at
he
m
at
ic
s
and
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g
T
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
(
iC
oM
E
T
)
,
20
19,
do
i:
10.1109/i
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m
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2019.8673447
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[
44]
H
. A
. D
ia
w
u
o
a
nd Y
.
B
. J
ung, “
B
r
o
a
dba
nd pr
ox
im
it
y
-
c
o
upl
e
d
mi
c
r
o
s
tr
ip
pl
a
na
r
a
nt
e
nna
a
r
r
a
y
f
o
r
5
G
c
e
ll
u
l
a
r
a
ppl
i
c
a
ti
o
ns
,”
I
E
E
E
A
nt
e
nnas
and W
ir
e
le
s
s
P
r
opagati
on L
e
tt
e
r
s
, vo
l.
17, n
o
. 7, pp.
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[
45]
G
.
K
im
a
nd S
.
K
im
, “
D
e
s
ig
n a
nd
a
na
l
y
s
is
of
dua
l
p
o
la
r
i
z
e
d br
oa
dba
nd mi
c
r
o
s
tr
ip
pa
t
c
h a
nt
e
nna
f
or
5
G
mm
w
a
ve
a
nt
e
nna
m
o
d
ul
e
on
F
R
4
s
ubs
tr
a
te
,”
I
E
E
E
A
c
c
e
s
s
, v
o
l.
9, pp. 64306
–
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,
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[
46]
M
.
H
us
s
a
in
,
E
.
M
.
A
li
,
S
.
M
.
R
.
J
a
r
c
ha
v
i
,
A
.
Z
a
id
i,
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