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37
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Feb
r
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y
20
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Hig
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wav
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ap
p
licatio
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s
[1
]
-
[
3
]
.
5
G
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
u
s
es
two
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
f
r
e
q
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en
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b
an
d
s
:
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n
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b
an
d
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ates
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elo
w
6
GHz
,
k
n
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th
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s
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b
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6
GHz
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wh
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m
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wav
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b
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d
.
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n
2
5
7
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ar
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ies
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[
4
]
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Hig
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m
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wav
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co
m
m
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e
ch
allen
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p
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wh
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n
eg
ativ
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im
p
ac
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n
al
s
tr
e
n
g
th
[
5
]
-
[
7
]
.
An
ten
n
as
with
cir
cu
lar
p
o
la
r
izatio
n
(
C
P)
ar
e
f
av
o
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r
e
d
o
win
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to
th
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cr
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im
m
u
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ity
to
in
ter
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,
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s
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s
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alig
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en
t,
m
u
lti
-
p
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f
ad
i
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g
,
an
d
Far
ad
ay
'
s
r
o
tatio
n
[
8
]
.
Mic
r
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tr
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p
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
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2
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4
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52
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
37
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
8
6
7
-
8
7
7
868
ar
e
em
p
l
o
y
ed
in
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
c
tio
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o
f
C
P
an
ten
n
as
b
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au
s
e
o
f
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v
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tag
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ch
ar
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cter
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g
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s
tr
u
ctu
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9
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as.
T
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en
h
a
n
ce
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f
a
n
ten
n
a
g
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f
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r
m
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m
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s
y
s
tem
s
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
im
p
r
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v
e
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
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n
o
v
e
r
lo
n
g
d
is
tan
ce
.
T
h
is
h
as
led
r
esear
ch
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s
to
e
m
p
lo
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a
v
ar
iety
o
f
s
tr
ateg
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
tack
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
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es,
ar
r
ay
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
,
s
u
p
er
s
tr
ate
tech
n
iq
u
e,
s
u
b
s
tr
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-
in
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ated
wav
eg
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id
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(
SIW)
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
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d
m
an
y
m
o
r
e
.
Me
tasu
r
f
ac
e
tech
n
iq
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e
is
u
s
ed
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is
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tu
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h
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ain
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o
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at
p
ath
lo
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s
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ca
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b
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ce
d
in
m
m
w
a
v
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wh
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h
en
ab
les h
ig
h
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d
ata
r
ates
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o
f
f
er
s
lo
w
laten
c
y
.
I
ts
co
m
p
ac
t
d
esig
n
,
h
ig
h
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r
p
r
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is
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co
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d
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p
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o
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tr
ad
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m
eth
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s
ar
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its
m
ain
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tag
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.
T
wo
-
d
i
m
e
n
s
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al
m
etasu
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f
ac
es/me
tam
ater
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o
f
f
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co
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p
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m
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r
o
d
u
cin
g
h
ig
h
-
g
a
in
m
illi
m
eter
-
wav
e
an
ten
n
as
f
o
r
5
G
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
B
y
u
tili
s
in
g
s
in
g
le
-
lay
er
o
r
m
u
lti
-
lay
e
r
s
tack
s
o
f
p
lan
ar
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
it
is
f
ea
s
i
b
le
to
attain
a
b
r
o
ad
ax
ial
r
a
tio
b
an
d
wid
t
h
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a'
s
g
ain
wi
th
o
u
t
c
o
m
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
its
lo
w
p
r
o
f
ile
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
.
An
air
g
ap
is
s
tr
ate
g
ically
p
lace
d
eit
h
er
ab
o
v
e
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
o
r
b
elo
w
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
in
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
ac
c
o
m
m
o
d
ate
th
e
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e.
On
ly
a
f
ew
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
m
et
asu
r
f
ac
e
an
ten
n
as
with
lin
ea
r
p
o
lar
izatio
n
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
e
lo
p
ed
f
o
r
m
illi
m
eter
wav
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies.
W
h
en
d
esig
n
in
g
an
te
n
n
as
f
o
r
m
m
-
W
av
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cies,
a
v
a
r
iety
o
f
tech
n
i
q
u
es
ca
n
b
e
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
to
en
h
a
n
ce
g
ain
.
T
o
en
h
an
ce
p
atch
a
n
ten
n
a
g
ain
an
d
b
an
d
wid
th
a
n
d
r
e
d
u
ce
its
r
ad
a
r
cr
o
s
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
a
r
ef
lectiv
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
s
elec
tiv
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
s
u
p
er
s
tr
ate
is
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
ab
o
v
e
it
[
1
8
]
.
R
ad
ial
-
p
h
ase
g
r
ad
ie
n
t
m
etale
n
s
with
a
s
in
g
le
lay
er
o
f
f
er
g
r
ea
ter
g
ain
,
b
u
t
t
h
eir
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
is
r
estricte
d
d
u
e
to
th
eir
lim
ited
r
an
g
e
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
b
o
wtie
an
ten
n
a
is
en
h
an
ce
d
f
o
r
b
ea
m
s
p
litt
in
g
an
d
g
ain
b
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
a
m
etam
ater
ial
ar
r
ay
with
a
h
i
g
h
r
e
f
r
ac
tiv
e
i
n
d
ex
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
in
p
u
t
m
u
ltip
le
o
u
tp
u
t
(
MI
MO
)
an
ten
n
as
u
s
in
g
a
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
ar
r
a
y
b
ased
o
n
a
s
in
g
le
-
lay
er
ed
cir
c
u
lar
s
p
lit
-
r
i
n
g
r
eso
n
ato
r
[
2
1
]
,
s
lo
tted
p
atch
an
ten
n
as,
an
d
MI
MO
s
etu
p
s
em
p
lo
y
in
g
s
p
lit
-
r
in
g
r
eso
n
ato
r
b
ased
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
h
as
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
ef
f
icien
c
y
in
e
n
h
an
cin
g
th
e
g
ain
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
th
ese
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
s
u
f
f
e
r
f
r
o
m
lo
w
r
ad
iatio
n
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
a
h
ig
h
an
te
n
n
a
p
r
o
f
ile.
T
h
e
ab
o
v
e
m
en
tio
n
e
d
tech
n
iq
u
es
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
g
ain
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
in
b
o
th
s
i
n
g
le
an
d
m
u
lti
-
lay
er
ed
m
ed
iu
m
s
,
b
u
t
th
eir
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
is
r
estricte
d
to
lin
ea
r
p
o
lar
iz
atio
n
(
L
P)
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
T
h
e
g
ain
is
en
h
a
n
ce
d
b
y
e
m
p
l
o
y
in
g
a
u
n
if
o
r
m
p
ar
tially
r
ef
le
ctin
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e
(
PR
S)
s
u
p
er
s
tr
ate
[
2
4
]
an
d
PR
S
a
s
a
u
n
if
o
r
m
d
ielec
tr
ic
s
lab
o
n
to
p
o
f
th
e
r
ad
iato
r
[
2
5
]
.
A
wid
eb
an
d
C
P
co
r
n
er
tr
u
n
c
ated
an
d
d
iag
o
n
ally
s
lo
tted
p
atch
with
a
s
q
u
ar
e
r
in
g
m
etam
ater
ial
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
[
2
6
]
a
n
d
a
s
q
u
ar
e
m
etallic
p
atch
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
d
escr
ib
e
d
i
n
[
2
7
]
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
elo
p
ed
with
MI
MO
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
.
E
n
d
-
f
ir
e
d
ip
o
le
ar
r
a
y
s
ar
e
p
lace
d
b
elo
w
C
P
an
ten
n
as
with
n
o
n
-
u
n
if
o
r
m
ci
r
cu
lar
p
atch
es
an
d
cr
o
s
s
s
lo
t
m
etasu
r
f
ac
es.
T
h
is
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
r
esu
lts
in
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
g
ain
a
n
d
wid
eb
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
it
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at
t
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
d
ip
o
les
is
co
m
p
lex
[
2
8
]
.
A
s
q
u
ar
e
p
atch
-
b
ased
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
with
a
tr
u
n
ca
ted
co
r
n
er
a
n
d
a
two
-
lay
er
SIW
f
ee
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
wid
e
C
P
b
an
d
wid
th
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
e
C
P
-
b
ased
an
ten
n
as
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
ab
o
v
e,
wh
ich
ar
e
in
ten
d
e
d
f
o
r
m
illi
m
eter
wav
e
b
a
n
d
s
,
s
u
f
f
er
f
r
o
m
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
s
u
ch
as
co
m
p
l
icate
d
f
ab
r
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
a
m
o
r
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
n
it c
ells
in
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e,
an
d
a
n
in
cr
ea
s
ed
an
te
n
n
a
p
r
o
f
ile.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
,
u
tili
ze
s
a
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
ac
h
iev
e
h
ig
h
g
ain
f
o
r
th
e
2
8
GHz
m
illi
m
eter
wav
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
r
a
n
g
e
.
T
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
d
esig
n
is
u
n
iq
u
e
b
ec
a
u
s
e
it p
r
esen
ts
a
ch
allen
g
e
in
ac
h
iev
in
g
h
ig
h
g
ai
n
an
d
C
P
at
m
illi
m
eter
wav
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
,
wh
ile
m
a
in
tain
in
g
co
m
p
ac
t
s
ize.
A
s
q
u
ar
e
p
atch
a
n
ten
n
a
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
two
d
e
g
en
er
ate
m
o
d
es
b
y
tr
u
n
ca
tin
g
its
co
r
n
e
r
s
,
w
h
ich
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
ci
r
cu
lar
p
o
lar
izatio
n
.
A
s
in
g
le
-
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
ca
n
a
ch
iev
e
a
g
ain
o
f
6
d
B
iC
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
s
ig
n
al
r
ec
ep
tio
n
o
v
e
r
th
e
C
P
an
ten
n
a,
a
cir
c
u
lar
s
h
ap
e
d
u
n
i
t
ce
ll
b
ased
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
lay
er
is
m
o
u
n
ted
.
W
h
en
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
alter
n
ativ
e
p
atch
d
esig
n
s
s
u
ch
as
s
q
u
ar
e,
t
r
ian
g
u
lar
,
an
d
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
,
a
c
ir
cu
lar
-
s
h
ap
ed
u
n
it
ce
ll
o
f
f
e
r
s
th
e
b
e
n
ef
it
o
f
m
in
im
izin
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
lo
s
s
es
s
u
ch
as
s
ca
tter
in
g
an
d
ed
g
e
d
if
f
r
ac
tio
n
at
m
illi
m
ete
r
-
wav
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies.
T
h
e
m
etasu
r
f
a
ce
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
h
as
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
th
e
r
ad
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n
e
f
f
icien
cy
at
2
8
.
6
GHz
to
ab
o
v
e
8
0
%,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
to
tal
g
ain
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
o
f
1
1
.
5
d
B
iC
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
is
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
ed
b
y
its
co
m
p
ac
t
s
ize
an
d
f
ea
tu
r
es
s
u
ch
as
C
P
an
d
h
i
g
h
g
ain
,
m
ak
in
g
it
h
ig
h
ly
s
u
i
tab
le
f
o
r
m
illi
m
eter
-
wav
e
wi
r
eless
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
is
ed
as
:
i)
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
ii)
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
,
a
n
aly
s
is
,
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
p
r
in
cip
le
ar
e
d
etailed
,
alo
n
g
w
ith
u
n
it c
ell
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
,
ii
i)
r
esu
lts
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
,
an
d
iv
)
c
o
n
cl
u
s
io
n
.
2.
ANT
E
NNA
G
E
O
M
E
T
RY
A
ND
DE
S
I
G
N
P
RIN
CIPL
E
Fig
u
r
e
1
p
r
esen
ts
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
te
n
n
a
with
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
wh
er
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
to
p
v
iew
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
t
en
n
a
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
d
ep
ict
a
s
q
u
ar
e
p
atch
co
r
n
er
tr
u
n
ca
te
d
an
ten
n
a
f
e
d
b
y
a
q
u
ar
ter
wa
v
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
c)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
id
e
v
i
ew
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a.
T
h
e
R
o
g
er
s
Du
r
o
id
5
8
8
0
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
is
u
s
ed
to
f
a
b
r
icate
p
atch
an
ten
n
as
with
id
en
tical
p
r
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p
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ties
,
s
u
ch
as
ϵ
r
=
2
.
2
,
ta
n
δ
=
0
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0009
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an
d
h
s
=0
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2
5
2
m
m
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
p
er
io
d
ic
ar
r
ay
o
f
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
d
o
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b
le
-
s
id
ed
id
en
tical
c
ir
cu
lar
m
etallic
p
atch
es
ar
r
a
n
g
ed
in
a
3
×
3
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
ad
jace
n
t
u
n
it
ce
ll
d
is
ta
n
ce
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
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is
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
o
v
er
th
e
p
atch
with
a
1
.
7
2
m
m
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
air
b
etwe
en
th
em
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
h
as
a
to
tal
s
ize
o
f
12
×
12
×
2
.
2
6
3
,
wh
ich
is
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
to
1
.
1
λ
0
×
1
.
1
λ
0
×
0
.
2
λ
0
,
tim
es
th
e
f
r
ee
-
s
p
ac
e
wav
elen
g
th
o
f
2
8
.
6
GHz
.
Prio
r
to
f
a
b
r
icatio
n
,
th
e
f
o
ll
o
win
g
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
o
p
t
im
ized
in
o
r
d
e
r
f
o
r
th
e
an
ten
n
a
to
f
u
n
ctio
n
ef
f
icien
tly
at
its
o
p
tim
i
s
ed
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
:
‘
A’
is
eq
u
al
to
1
2
.
T
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
is
eq
u
al
to
3
.
3
3
.
T
h
e
v
alu
es
o
f
W
f1
an
d
L
f1
ar
e
0
.
7
4
1
a
n
d
2
.
0
2
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
v
alu
es
o
f
W
f
an
d
L
f
ar
e
0
.
7
8
2
6
a
n
d
1
.
9
5
8
1
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
‘
a
’
is
0
.
6
4
9
1
8
,
1
is
eq
u
al
t
o
1
.
9
.
T
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
‘
g
’
is
0
.
1
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
h
m
is
1
.
7
6
2
(
u
n
it=m
m
)
.
C
ST
m
icr
o
wav
e
s
tu
d
io
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
s
im
u
latin
g
d
esig
n
an
d
an
aly
s
is
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
a
n
ten
n
a
wi
th
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
:
(
a)
t
o
p
v
iew
,
(
b
)
c
o
r
n
er
tr
u
n
ca
ted
p
atch
an
te
n
n
a
,
an
d
(
c)
s
id
e
v
iew
2
.
1
.
Ant
enna
des
ig
n pro
ce
du
re
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
co
r
n
er
tr
u
n
ca
ted
s
q
u
ar
e
m
i
cr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
as
s
h
o
wn
in
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
wo
r
k
at
m
illi
m
etr
e
-
wav
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies,
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
lo
w
d
ielec
tr
ic
an
d
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
lo
s
s
,
R
o
g
er
s
Du
r
o
id
5
8
8
0
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
m
ater
ial
is
s
elec
ted
an
d
it
is
h
ig
h
ly
ef
f
icien
t
at
h
ig
h
er
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
th
an
m
o
s
t
o
th
er
s
u
b
s
tr
ates
[
3
0
]
.
Fir
s
tly
,
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
ar
ea
f
o
r
th
e
s
q
u
ar
e
p
atc
h
is
ca
lcu
lated
th
r
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g
h
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
lin
e
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
a
n
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n
a
d
esig
n
ar
e
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lcu
lated
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
(
1
)
[
3
1
]
.
=
2
∗
√
2
1
+
(
1
)
T
h
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
‘
W
p
′
d
en
o
tes
p
atch
wid
th
,
′
f
r
'
r
ep
r
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ts
th
e
r
eso
n
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ce
f
r
eq
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e
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cy
,
'
c'
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d
s
f
o
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o
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h
t,
an
d
′ϵ
r
′
s
ig
n
if
ies
th
e
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p
er
m
itti
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ity
.
T
h
e
q
u
ar
ter
-
wav
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
is
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
atch
in
g
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
t
h
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lo
a
d
im
p
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t
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p
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an
d
t
h
e
ch
ar
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ter
is
tic
im
p
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ce
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0
′
of
5
0
o
h
m
s
is
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
e
q
u
a
tio
n
s
[
3
2
]
,
[
3
3
]
.
L
P
r
ad
iatio
n
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
s
q
u
ar
e
p
atch
a
n
ten
n
a
b
y
u
s
in
g
(
2
)
.
0
=
√
∗
(
2
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
37
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
8
6
7
-
8
7
7
870
On
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
to
g
en
er
ate
C
P
r
ad
iatio
n
is
th
e
t
r
u
n
ca
tio
n
o
f
c
o
r
n
er
s
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
e
u
n
lo
ad
e
d
q
u
ality
f
ac
t
o
r
o
f
th
e
p
atch
,
‘
Q
0
’
,
is
in
itially
d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
ca
v
ity
m
o
d
el.
T
h
is
f
a
cto
r
is
ty
p
ically
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
‘
ε
r
’
an
d
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
th
ic
k
n
ess
‘
h
s
’
b
y
(
3
)
:
0
=
√
4
ℎ
(
3
)
f
r
o
m
th
is
eq
u
atio
n
th
e
t
r
u
n
ca
ti
o
n
r
atio
‘
∆
‘
is
k
n
o
wn
i.e
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
(
4
)
:
∆
s
s
=
1
2
Q
0
(
4
)
t
h
e
len
g
th
o
f
tr
u
n
ca
tio
n
‘
a’
f
o
r
th
e
p
atch
is
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
u
s
in
g
eq
u
atio
n
,
wh
er
e
‘
L
’
is
th
e
ac
tu
al
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
p
atch
b
y
(
5
)
.
=
√
∆
(
5
)
B
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
co
r
n
e
r
d
iag
o
n
als
with
o
p
tim
is
ed
s
id
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o
f
th
e
s
am
e
len
g
th
,
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
m
o
d
e
b
ec
o
m
es
two
p
er
p
en
d
ic
u
lar
m
o
d
es
with
s
im
ilar
s
tr
en
g
th
s
,
wh
ich
in
tu
r
n
r
esu
lt
in
cir
cu
lar
p
o
lar
izatio
n
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
g
ain
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
ac
h
iev
in
g
cir
cu
lar
p
o
lar
izatio
n
,
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
cu
r
r
en
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
ex
am
in
ed
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
in
s
tan
ce
s
o
f
tim
e
at
2
8
.
6
GHz
.
I
n
t
h
e
u
p
war
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
(
+
z
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
)
,
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
an
d
F
ig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
ex
h
ib
it
s
u
r
f
ac
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
at
ω
t
=
0
°
an
d
ω
t
=
9
0
°,
with
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
c)
a
n
d
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
d
)
ex
h
ib
it
s
u
r
f
ac
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
at
ω
t
=
1
8
0
°
a
n
d
ω
t
=
2
7
0
°.
T
h
e
R
HC
P
r
ad
iatio
n
is
g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
th
at
r
o
tates a
n
ticlo
ck
wis
e
at
a
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
2
8
.
6
GHz
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Su
r
f
ac
e
cu
r
r
en
t d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
atch
a
n
ten
n
a
at
d
if
f
er
en
t in
s
tan
ce
s
: (
a)
ω
t =
0
°,
(
b
)
ω
t =
9
0
°,
(
c)
ω
t =
1
8
0
°,
an
d
(
d
)
ω
t =
2
7
0
°
2
.
2
.
M
et
a
s
urf
a
ce
un
it
ce
ll
Fig
u
r
e
3
d
e
p
icts
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
etsu
r
f
ac
e
u
n
it
ce
ll,
in
wh
ich
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
etu
p
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
a
n
d
th
e
d
esig
n
f
o
r
th
e
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
u
n
it
ce
ll.
Set
o
f
u
n
it
ce
ll
ar
r
a
y
r
ef
er
r
ed
as
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
is
f
ab
r
icate
d
u
s
in
g
R
o
g
e
r
s
Du
r
o
id
5
8
8
0
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
wh
ich
h
as
a
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
h
s
=
0
.
2
5
2
m
m
an
d
a
tan
δ
v
al
u
e
o
f
0
.
0
0
0
9
.
A
cir
c
u
lar
m
etallic
p
atch
th
at
is
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
i
s
etch
ed
o
n
to
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate'
s
to
p
an
d
b
o
tto
m
s
u
r
f
ac
es.
T
h
e
u
n
it
ce
ll
h
as
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
:
th
e
wid
th
‘
W
’
an
d
len
g
th
‘
L
’
ar
e
b
o
th
4
m
m
,
th
e
r
a
d
iu
s
‘
1
’
is
1
.
9
m
m
,
a
n
d
th
e
th
ick
n
ess
‘
t’
is
0
.
0
1
7
m
m
.
Alo
n
g
th
e
z
-
ax
is
,
two
wav
e
g
u
id
in
g
p
o
r
ts
ar
e
o
n
o
p
p
o
s
ite
s
id
es
o
f
th
e
u
n
it
ce
ll,
wh
ile
p
er
io
d
ic
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
ap
p
lied
in
th
e
r
em
ain
in
g
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
im
u
lated
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
11
an
d
21
f
o
r
a
s
in
g
le
u
n
it
ce
ll.
T
h
e
u
n
it
ce
ll
r
eso
n
ates
at
2
8
.
6
GHz
f
o
r
b
o
th
x
an
d
y
-
p
o
lar
izatio
n
.
At
th
is
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
co
ef
f
icien
t m
ag
n
itu
d
es a
r
e
th
e
s
am
e.
T
h
e
s
im
u
lated
s
in
g
le
-
u
n
it c
ell
is
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
b
y
ar
r
a
n
g
in
g
a
3
×3
ar
r
ay
o
f
m
etasu
r
f
ac
es.
T
h
e
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates e
x
ce
llen
t tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icien
ts
at
2
8
.
6
GHz
,
with
a
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
ex
ce
ed
in
g
-
2
5
d
B
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
g
ain
,
th
e
u
n
it
ce
ll
co
u
ld
b
e
d
esig
n
e
d
as
a
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e
f
o
r
p
r
im
ar
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
(
c)
d
i
s
p
lay
s
th
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t
ci
r
cu
it
d
esig
n
,
d
ep
ictin
g
a
n
L
C
cir
cu
it
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
an
d
i
n
d
u
ctan
ce
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
cir
cu
it,
th
e
cir
cu
la
r
p
atch
u
n
it
ce
ll'
s
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
ar
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
Hig
h
-
g
a
in
circu
la
r
ly
p
o
la
r
iz
ed
meta
s
u
r
fa
ce
a
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
N
R
2
5
7
b
a
n
d
… (
P
r
a
ve
en
H
a
a
n
d
i La
ksh
ma
n
)
871
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Me
tasu
r
f
ac
e
u
n
it
ce
l
l:
(
a)
u
n
it c
ell
an
d
its
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
,
(
b
)
r
e
f
lectio
n
(
S
11
)
an
d
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
(S
21
)
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
an
d
(
c)
u
n
it c
ell
with
its
L
C
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
T
h
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
o
f
p
er
io
d
ic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
as
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
en
h
an
ce
s
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
p
ar
ti
cu
lar
ly
in
ter
m
s
o
f
o
p
er
atin
g
b
an
d
wid
th
an
d
g
ain
,
o
f
C
P
p
atch
a
n
ten
n
as.
T
h
e
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
o
f
f
in
it
e
s
ize
f
ac
ili
tates
th
e
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
ad
d
itio
n
al
r
eso
n
an
ce
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
o
f
s
u
r
f
ac
e
wav
es.
E
f
f
ec
tiv
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
th
ese
ad
d
itio
n
al
r
eso
n
an
ce
s
r
esu
lts
in
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
g
ain
.
T
h
o
r
o
u
g
h
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
o
f
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
as
alr
ea
d
y
b
ee
n
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
i
n
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
[
3
5]
-
[
3
7
]
.
S
i
m
p
l
e
p
r
e
d
i
c
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
is
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
b
y
(
6
)
a
n
d
(
7
)
:
=
(
6
)
=
×
(
,
)
(
7
)
h
er
e,
th
e
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
wav
e
at
r
eso
n
a
n
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
is
d
en
o
ted
as
‘
β
sw
′
,
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
a
r
r
ay
is
s
p
ec
if
ied
as
′L
MT
S
′
,
th
e
p
er
i
o
d
icity
is
d
e
n
o
ted
as
P
=
4
m
m
,
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
n
it
ce
lls
in
th
e
x
-
an
d
y
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
is
d
en
o
ted
as
N
=
3
a
n
d
m
=
1
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
[
3
6
]
.
Pro
p
a
g
atio
n
c
o
n
s
tan
ts
o
f
tr
an
s
v
er
s
e
elec
tr
ic
(
T
E
)
a
n
d
tr
an
s
v
er
s
e
m
ag
n
etic
(
T
M)
wav
e
s
is
ca
lcu
lat
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
(
8
)
an
d
(
9
)
.
=
√
1
−
(
)
2
(
)
2
(
8
)
=
√
1
−
(
)
2
(
)
2
(
9
)
L
et
'
ω
'
r
ep
r
esen
ts
an
g
u
lar
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
,
'
c'
d
en
o
te
th
e
s
p
ee
d
o
f
lig
h
t,
an
d
′
Z
MT
S
′
in
d
icate
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
im
p
ed
an
ce
o
f
th
e
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
,
wh
ile
0
r
ep
r
esen
t
t
h
e
im
p
e
d
a
n
ce
in
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
.
I
t
is
an
ticip
ated
th
at
th
e
T
E
an
d
T
M
s
u
r
f
ac
e
wav
es
will
r
eso
n
ate
at
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
2
8
.
6
GHz
wh
en
t
h
e
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
is
ar
r
an
g
e
d
with
N(
x
,
y
)
=3
×
3
u
n
it
ce
lls
.
Sin
ce
t
h
e
p
atch
r
eso
n
an
ce
is
lik
ely
to
b
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
s
lo
w
-
wav
e
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
,
s
u
r
f
ac
e
wav
es
ar
e
lik
ely
to
ex
cite.
T
h
e
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
cir
c
u
it
d
iag
r
am
,
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
a
r
eso
n
an
t
L
C
c
ir
cu
it
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
an
d
in
d
u
ctan
ce
,
c
an
also
b
e
u
s
ed
t
o
an
ticip
ate
th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
cir
c
u
lar
p
atch
m
et
asu
r
f
ac
e,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
ac
ts
as L
C
r
eso
n
an
t c
ir
cu
it,
th
e
in
d
u
ct
iv
e
p
ar
t is p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
cir
c
u
lar
s
h
a
p
ed
m
etallic
p
a
tch
an
d
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
is
o
b
tain
e
d
b
y
two
s
id
ed
cir
cu
lar
m
etallic
p
atch
es
s
ap
e
r
ated
b
y
d
ielec
tr
ic.
T
h
e
ci
r
cu
lar
s
h
ap
ed
d
o
u
b
le
s
id
ed
b
ased
m
et
asu
r
f
ac
e’
s
n
o
r
m
alize
d
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
s
u
s
ce
p
tan
ce
‘
B
’
an
d
in
d
u
ctiv
e
r
ea
ctan
ce
‘
X’
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
(
1
0
)
an
d
(
1
1
)
:
X
=
0
=
0
(
1
0
)
B
=
0
=
0
(
1
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
37
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
8
6
7
-
8
7
7
872
Her
e,
‘
ω
’
s
tan
d
s
f
o
r
an
g
u
lar
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
,
0
is
th
e
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
“i.
e.
”
′
Z
0
=
1
/
Y
0
′
,
an
d
′L
MT
S
′
an
d
‘
C
MT
S
’
s
tan
d
f
o
r
th
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
in
d
u
ctan
ce
an
d
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
o
f
th
e
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
is
′
ε
ef
f
′
,
wh
ile
th
e
i
n
d
u
ctiv
e
r
ea
ctan
ce
an
d
ca
p
ac
itiv
e
s
u
s
ce
p
tan
ce
ar
e
′
X
L
′
an
d
′B
C
′
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
[
3
8
]
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
e
x
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t
cir
cu
it m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
u
ch
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e.
2
.
3
.
E
f
f
ec
t
o
f
m
et
a
s
urf
a
ce
T
h
e
s
in
g
le
-
f
ee
d
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
ex
h
ib
its
less
th
an
-
10dB
im
p
ed
an
ce
(S
11
)
b
an
d
wid
th
,
g
ain
,
an
d
d
ir
ec
tiv
ity
.
A
tr
u
n
ca
ted
p
atc
h
an
te
n
n
a
is
au
g
m
e
n
ted
with
an
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
,
wh
ic
h
is
a
p
er
io
d
ic
lattice
o
f
d
o
u
b
le
-
s
id
e
d
id
en
tical
cir
cu
l
ar
m
etallic
p
atch
es,
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
an
te
n
n
a'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
an
au
x
iliar
y
em
it
t
er
o
f
r
ad
iatio
n
,
h
e
n
ce
en
h
a
n
c
in
g
th
e
g
ain
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
,
wh
er
e
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws th
e
ef
f
ec
t o
f
g
ain
o
f
th
e
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
th
a
t h
as b
ee
n
t
r
u
n
ca
ted
in
its
c
o
r
n
er
.
As
an
ticip
ated
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
with
o
u
t
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
r
esu
lts
in
a
lim
ited
an
te
n
n
a
g
ain
wh
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
in
cr
ea
s
es
f
r
o
m
-
1
9
d
B
to
-
5
0
d
B
.
T
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
a
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
to
a
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
tr
u
n
ca
ted
at
its
co
r
n
er
r
esu
lts
in
an
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
in
g
ain
f
r
o
m
6
d
B
iC
to
1
1
.
5
d
B
i
C
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
ap
er
tu
r
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e,
in
co
n
ju
n
ct
io
n
with
th
e
p
atch
an
ten
n
a,
lead
s
to
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
g
ain
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
a
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
with
a
s
in
g
le
lay
er
an
d
d
o
u
b
le
-
s
id
e
d
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
e
x
h
ib
its
C
P
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
with
en
h
an
ce
d
g
ai
n
.
T
h
e
en
tire
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
d
esig
n
in
g
th
e
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
in
s
p
ir
ed
an
ten
n
a
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
with
an
d
with
o
u
t m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
(
a)
r
ef
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t (
11
)
an
d
(
b
)
g
ain
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Flo
wch
ar
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
Hig
h
-
g
a
in
circu
la
r
ly
p
o
la
r
iz
ed
meta
s
u
r
fa
ce
a
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
N
R
2
5
7
b
a
n
d
… (
P
r
a
ve
en
H
a
a
n
d
i La
ksh
ma
n
)
873
T
h
e
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
with
C
P
ca
n
attain
its
h
ig
h
est
g
ai
n
in
t
h
e
b
r
o
a
d
s
id
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
wh
en
th
e
h
eig
h
t
o
f
th
e
ca
v
ity
m
atch
es sp
ec
if
ic
cr
i
ter
ia
[
3
9
]
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
(
1
2
)
:
ℎ
=
+
−
2
4
0
wh
er
e
=
0
,
1
,
2
(
1
2
)
w
h
er
e
‘
0
’
is
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
wav
elen
g
th
an
d
an
d
ar
e
th
e
r
ef
lectio
n
p
h
ase
o
f
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
o
f
th
e
p
atch
an
ten
n
a,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
ℎ
=
1
.
5
4
m
m
is
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
(
1
2
)
.
T
h
en
a
p
ar
a
m
etr
ic
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
d
o
n
e
t
o
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
m
eta
s
u
r
f
ac
e
la
y
er
h
eig
h
t
(
ℎ
)
ab
o
v
e
th
e
p
atch
an
te
n
n
a
to
m
a
x
im
ize
th
e
g
ain
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
p
ar
a
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
o
f
h
eig
h
t
b
etwe
en
p
atch
a
n
d
m
etasu
r
f
a
ce
wh
er
e
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a
)
d
ep
icts
th
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
,
Fig
u
r
e
6
(b
)
s
h
o
ws
g
ain
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
6
(c
)
p
lo
t
th
e
ax
ial
r
atio
ef
f
ec
t
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
h
eig
h
t
(
ℎ
)
v
alu
es.
T
h
e
cu
r
v
es
s
h
o
w
th
at,
w
h
en
th
e
h
eig
h
t
h
as
a
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
v
alu
e,
th
e
g
ain
an
d
th
e
ax
ial
r
ati
o
v
alu
es
ar
e
g
r
ea
tly
af
f
ec
ted
.
Fo
r
th
e
o
p
tim
i
ze
d
h
eig
h
t
o
f
ℎ
=
1
.
7
6
2
m
m
,
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
g
ain
is
with
in
th
e
ax
ial
r
at
io
b
an
d
w
id
th
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Par
am
etr
ic
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
h
eig
h
t b
etwe
en
p
atc
h
an
d
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
(
ℎ
)
:
(
a)
11
,
(
b
)
g
ai
n
,
a
n
d
(
c)
ax
ial
r
atio
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
A
p
h
o
to
lith
o
g
r
a
p
h
ic
f
ab
r
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
is
u
s
ed
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
d
esig
n
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
-
b
ased
d
o
u
b
le
s
id
ed
s
in
g
le
la
y
er
ed
C
P
an
ten
n
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e.
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
a)
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
p
atch
an
ten
n
a,
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
a
n
d
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
c
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
atch
a
n
ten
n
a
in
te
g
ar
ated
with
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e.
All
th
e
p
h
o
to
g
r
ap
h
s
o
f
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
an
ten
n
a
ar
e
d
is
p
lay
e
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
A
5
0
-
Ω
K
-
co
n
n
ec
to
r
with
a
2
.
9
2
m
m
s
ize
is
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
attac
h
ed
t
o
th
e
p
atch
,
a
n
d
a
m
ec
h
an
is
m
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
wh
ich
en
a
b
les
p
r
o
p
er
ca
v
ity
g
ap
b
et
wee
n
th
e
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
an
d
p
at
ch
is
estab
lis
h
ed
em
p
lo
y
in
g
th
in
p
last
ic
r
o
d
s
.
An
an
ec
h
o
ic
ch
am
b
er
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
f
ar
-
f
ield
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
is
test
ed
a
s
th
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
an
ten
n
a
(
R
X)
,
an
d
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itti
n
g
an
ten
n
a
(
T
X)
is
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
g
ain
h
o
r
n
an
ten
n
a
(
SGH
-
s
er
ies)
p
r
o
p
er
ly
ca
lib
r
ated
.
Stab
le
p
o
wer
r
ec
ep
tio
n
was
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
am
p
lifie
r
s
;
th
e
test
an
ten
n
a
was
r
o
tated
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
r
ad
iatio
n
in
ten
s
ity
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
o
r
ien
tati
o
n
s
.
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
a
s
tr
o
n
g
co
r
r
e
latio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
estab
lis
h
ed
b
e
twee
n
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
37
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
8
6
7
-
8
7
7
874
an
d
s
im
u
lated
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
p
ar
am
eter
ic
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
an
t
en
n
a
d
esig
n
ca
n
b
e
s
tu
d
ied
b
y
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
r
esu
l
ts
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
8
-
1
0
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
11
is
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
two
p
o
r
t
ag
ilen
t
v
ec
to
r
n
etwo
r
k
an
la
y
ze
r
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Fab
r
icate
d
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
:
(
a)
p
atc
h
an
ten
n
a
,
(
b
)
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
(
MT
S)
,
an
d
(
c
)
h
ig
h
g
ain
C
P a
n
ten
n
a
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
ws
th
e
an
ten
n
a
s
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
d
s
im
u
lated
S
-
p
ar
am
eter
s
|
11
|
.
T
h
e
|
11
|
p
ar
am
eter
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
in
g
a
R
o
h
d
e
an
d
Sch
war
z
Z
VA
4
0
n
etwo
r
k
an
aly
ze
r
,
an
d
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
ar
e
tak
en
in
an
o
p
en
air
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
a
h
as
a
f
r
ac
tio
n
al
b
an
d
wid
th
o
f
6
.
1
4
%
r
e
lativ
e
to
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
.
I
t
also
h
as
s
u
f
f
ic
ien
t
im
p
ed
an
ce
m
atch
in
g
,
with
a
|
11
|
v
alu
e
b
elo
w
-
1
0
d
B
,
s
p
an
n
in
g
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
2
8
.
2
3
-
3
0
.
0
1
GHz
.
T
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
ws
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a'
s
r
ad
iatio
n
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
s
p
ec
i
f
ically
th
e
a
x
ial
r
atio
an
d
b
r
o
a
d
s
id
e
g
ain
.
T
h
e
im
p
e
d
an
ce
b
an
d
wid
th
a
n
d
th
e
o
b
tain
e
d
1
.
3
9
%,
3
-
d
B
AR
b
an
d
wid
th
,
wh
ich
s
p
a
n
s
2
8
.
4
5
to
2
8
.
8
8
GHz
,
ar
e
with
in
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
im
p
ed
an
ce
b
a
n
d
wid
th
.
Du
e
to
d
if
f
icu
lties
in
f
ab
r
icatio
n
,
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
lo
s
s
es
an
d
m
is
alig
n
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
atch
o
n
th
e
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
lay
e
r
,
s
im
u
lat
io
n
s
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
r
esu
lt
s
d
if
f
er
ed
s
lig
h
tly
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
an
te
n
n
a
ac
h
i
ev
es
a
wid
e
g
ain
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
9
.
5
–
1
1
.
5
d
B
ic
wh
en
o
p
er
atin
g
with
in
th
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e
o
f
2
8
.
4
5
–
2
8
.
8
8
GHz
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
11
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
e
s
u
lts
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
s
im
u
lated
r
esu
lts
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Ax
ial
r
atio
an
d
g
ain
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
s
im
u
lated
r
esu
lts
Fig
u
r
e
10
d
e
p
icts
th
e
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
at
a
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
2
8
.
6
GHz
in
th
e
two
p
r
im
ar
y
p
la
n
es,
wh
er
e
Fig
u
r
e
10
(
a)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
x
z
p
lan
e
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
10
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
y
z
p
lan
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
r
a
d
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a,
wh
ich
a
r
e
r
ig
h
t
-
h
an
d
cir
cu
lar
ly
p
o
lar
iz
ed
(
R
HC
P),
ar
e
r
eliab
le
an
d
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
al.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
r
an
g
e
,
th
e
lef
t
-
h
an
d
cir
cu
lar
l
y
p
o
lar
i
s
ed
(
L
HC
P)
r
ad
iatio
n
is
s
m
al
ler
th
an
t
h
e
r
ig
h
t
-
h
an
d
cir
cu
lar
ly
p
o
l
ar
iz
ed
(
R
HC
P)
r
ad
iatio
n
.
T
h
e
cr
o
s
s
-
p
o
lar
izatio
n
(
L
HC
P)
lev
el
o
f
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
-
2
0
d
B
is
ac
h
iev
ed
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
c
o
-
p
o
lar
izatio
n
(
R
HC
P)
lev
el
at
th
e
b
r
o
ad
s
id
e
d
i
r
ec
tio
n
(
θ
=
0
°).
T
h
e
d
ir
ec
tiv
ity
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
3
d
B
b
ea
m
-
wid
th
.
T
h
eo
r
etica
lly
,
a
n
ap
er
tu
r
e
an
ten
n
a'
s
m
ax
im
u
m
d
ir
ec
tiv
ity
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
u
ted
as
=
10
(
4
/
0
2
)
=
1
1
.
9
d
B
,
wh
er
e
0
=
/
an
d
=
12
×
12
.
T
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l d
ir
ec
tiv
ity
m
atc
h
es th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
ac
h
iev
ab
le
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
s
am
e
-
s
ized
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
Hig
h
-
g
a
in
circu
la
r
ly
p
o
la
r
iz
ed
meta
s
u
r
fa
ce
a
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
N
R
2
5
7
b
a
n
d
… (
P
r
a
ve
en
H
a
a
n
d
i La
ksh
ma
n
)
875
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
10
.
R
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
wh
ich
wer
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
d
s
im
u
lated
at
2
8
.
6
GHz
(
a)
XZ
p
la
n
e
an
d
(
b
)
YZ
p
la
n
e
3
.
1
.
Co
m
pa
risi
o
n wit
h sta
t
e
-
of
-
t
he
-
a
r
t
-
wo
r
k
s
T
ab
le
1
co
m
p
ar
es
th
e
m
etasu
r
f
ac
e
-
b
ased
an
ten
n
a
to
s
tate
-
of
-
th
e
-
ar
t
m
eth
o
d
s
in
s
ize,
b
an
d
wid
th
,
g
ain
,
an
d
p
r
i
n
ted
lay
er
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
h
as
a
co
m
p
ac
t
s
ize,
s
in
g
le
p
r
in
ted
lay
er
,
lo
w
p
r
o
f
ile,
an
d
p
ea
k
g
ain
b
y
u
s
in
g
f
ewe
r
u
n
it
ce
lls
th
an
p
r
ev
io
u
s
d
esig
n
s
.
Mu
l
t
ip
le
p
r
in
ted
lay
er
s
co
m
p
l
icate
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
37
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
25
:
8
6
7
-
8
7
7
876
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
J.
T
h
o
mp
s
o
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
5
G
w
i
r
e
l
e
ss
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
sy
s
t
e
ms
:
p
r
o
sp
e
c
t
s
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n
d
c
h
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l
l
e
n
g
e
s
[
G
u
e
s
t
E
d
i
t
o
r
i
a
l
]
,
”
I
EEE
C
o
m
m
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n
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c
a
t
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o
n
s
Ma
g
a
zi
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e
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v
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5
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,
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p
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/
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2
0
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4
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6
7
3
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4
.
[
2
]
C.
-
X
.
W
a
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
C
e
l
l
u
l
a
r
a
r
c
h
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t
e
c
t
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r
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a
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d
k
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e
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h
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o
l
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e
s
f
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r
5
G
w
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r
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e
ss
c
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
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o
n
n
e
t
w
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r
k
s,”
I
EE
E
C
o
m
m
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c
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t
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o
n
s
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g
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zi
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m
c
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m
.
2
0
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4
.
6
7
3
6
7
5
2
.
[
3
]
R
.
V
a
n
n
i
t
h
a
m
b
y
a
n
d
S
.
Ta
l
w
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,
T
o
w
a
rd
s
5
G
:
a
p
p
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c
a
t
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s,
re
q
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rem
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a
n
d
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d
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t
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s
.
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l
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y
Te
l
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m
,
2
0
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7.
[
4
]
“
S
p
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t
r
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m f
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r
4
G
a
n
d
5
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,
”
2
0
1
9
.
.
[
5
]
B
.
T.
Ji
j
o
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
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m
p
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n
si
v
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f
5
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mm
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s
,
”
As
i
a
n
J
o
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r
n
a
l
o
f
Re
s
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s
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3
0
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0
.
[
6
]
W
.
H
o
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
m
mW
a
v
e
5
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e
l
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l
a
r
h
a
n
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s
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y
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t
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o
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l
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n
v
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si
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l
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e
a
mf
o
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mi
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n
t
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n
n
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-
on
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d
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s
p
l
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y
,
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EEE
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m
m
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n
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c
a
t
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s
M
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g
a
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,
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8
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1
0
9
/
m
c
o
m
.
0
0
1
.
2
0
0
0
1
1
5
.
[
7
]
P
.
R
a
m
a
n
u
j
a
m
,
C
.
A
r
u
m
u
g
a
m,
R
.
V
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k
a
t
e
sa
n
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a
n
d
M
.
P
o
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n
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s
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m
y
,
“
D
e
si
g
n
o
f
c
o
m
p
a
c
t
p
a
t
c
h
a
n
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w
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d
b
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w
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d
t
h
f
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r
5
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mm
‐
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v
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a
p
p
l
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c
a
t
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n
s
,
”
I
ET
M
i
c
r
o
w
a
v
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s,
A
n
t
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n
n
a
s
&
a
m
p
;
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o
p
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t
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[
8
]
K
.
M
.
M
a
k
,
H
.
W
.
L
a
i
,
K
.
M
.
L
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k
,
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d
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.
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.
C
h
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n
,
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f
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5
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mo
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EE
Ac
c
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ss
,
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2
,
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p
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c
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0
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.
2
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1
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