I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n J
o
urna
l o
f
E
lect
rica
l En
g
ineering
a
nd
Co
m
pu
t
er
Science
Vo
l.
3
7
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
2
5
,
p
p
.
1
1
30
~
1
13
9
I
SS
N:
2
502
-
4
7
52
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijee
cs
.v
3
7
.
i
2
.
pp
1
1
30
-
1
13
9
1130
J
o
ur
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l ho
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a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ee
cs
.
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An eva
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ebsite
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Dia
s
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Siti
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ticle
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to
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y:
R
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ul
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ev
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ed
Sep
21
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2
0
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ted
Sep
30
,
2
0
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Tes
ti
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a
n
imp
o
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t
a
sp
e
c
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o
f
so
ftwa
re
d
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v
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lo
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.
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t
o
m
a
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tes
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is
n
o
w
wid
e
l
y
u
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d
to
a
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iev
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b
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tt
e
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a
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d
m
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re
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fficie
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t
re
su
l
ts.
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rio
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s
a
u
to
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a
ti
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tes
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m
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th
e
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a
rk
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t.
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we
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th
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term
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i
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w
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ti
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g
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m
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is
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ly
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To
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su
lt
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tain
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d
fo
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a
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ty
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o
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tran
sa
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ti
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s,
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lmo
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tal
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e
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lt
s
a
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d
we
ig
h
ti
n
g
we
re
in
t
h
e
sa
m
e
c
la
ss
.
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g
h
th
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m
o
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l
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s
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u
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d
to
b
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sa
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e
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th
is stu
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se
rv
e
a
s a
v
a
lu
a
b
le refe
re
n
c
e
fo
r
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h
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g
su
it
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ftwa
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fo
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o
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tes
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m
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rk
s a
n
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fo
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s
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n
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rro
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th
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ti
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a
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e
a
se
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K
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w
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r
d
s
:
Fra
m
ewo
r
k
I
SO 2
5
0
1
0
Mo
d
el
ev
alu
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n
Per
f
o
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m
an
ce
e
f
f
icien
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W
eb
test
in
g
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
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n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
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-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Sit
i Ro
ch
im
ah
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atics,
I
n
s
titu
t T
ek
n
o
lo
g
i Sep
u
l
u
h
No
p
em
b
er
Su
r
ab
ay
a,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail: sit
i
@
its
.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
So
f
twar
e
test
in
g
is
an
ess
en
ti
al
p
ar
t
o
f
s
o
f
twar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
r
SDLC
[
1
]
.
SDLC
is
a
s
o
f
twar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
f
lo
w
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ct
d
esig
n
,
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
an
d
test
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
cts
[
2
]
.
So
f
twar
e
test
in
g
d
etec
ts
d
ef
ec
ts
in
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
3
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
s
o
f
twar
e
test
in
g
attem
p
ts
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
s
o
f
twar
e
m
ee
ts
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
an
d
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
.
A
h
i
g
h
-
q
u
ality
p
r
o
d
u
ct
is
o
n
e
asp
ec
t o
f
a
s
o
f
twar
e
p
r
o
ject
[
4
]
.
Var
io
u
s
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
e
x
i
s
t
,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
u
i
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
,
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
,
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
u
s
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
[
5
]
.
T
wo
m
eth
o
d
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
o
f
twar
e
test
in
g
:
m
an
u
al
an
d
au
to
m
ated
[
6
]
.
Ma
n
u
al
test
in
g
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
test
in
g
co
m
p
lex
test
ca
s
es;
h
o
wev
er
,
an
a
u
to
m
ated
test
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
im
p
lifie
s
an
d
s
p
ee
d
s
th
e
test
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
7
]
.
Fra
m
ew
o
r
k
s
ar
e
g
u
id
elin
es u
s
ed
to
h
el
p
s
o
f
twar
e
ex
ec
u
te
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
m
m
an
d
s
[
8
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
c
h
allen
g
es
in
a
u
t
o
m
atio
n
test
in
g
is
th
at
m
an
y
to
o
ls
ex
is
t
to
d
ay
.
Var
i
o
u
s
to
o
ls
cr
ea
te
co
n
f
u
s
io
n
f
o
r
o
r
d
in
ar
y
p
eo
p
le
wh
en
s
elec
tin
g
s
u
itab
le
to
o
ls
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
n
o
t
all
to
o
ls
ar
e
id
ea
l
f
o
r
ea
ch
web
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
an
d
test
in
g
g
o
al.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
a
v
e
u
s
ed
v
ar
io
u
s
s
o
f
twar
e
test
in
g
to
o
ls
to
o
b
tain
th
e
b
est
s
o
f
twar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
u
s
ed
v
a
r
io
u
s
s
o
f
twar
e
test
in
g
to
o
ls
i
n
s
o
f
twar
e
test
in
g
:
Selen
iu
m
,
Kata
lo
n
,
an
d
T
eler
i
k
T
est
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
So
f
twar
e
test
in
g
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
o
f
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
test
in
g
to
o
ls
.
R
esear
ch
r
elate
d
to
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
test
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
th
at
f
o
cu
s
o
n
s
o
f
twar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
is
r
ar
e.
Similar
to
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
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J
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&
C
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p
Sci
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N:
2
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A
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f web
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a
mewo
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2
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(
Dia
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1131
r
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ch
co
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d
u
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b
y
Yu
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r
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et
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[
1
1
]
,
p
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f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
e
asu
r
em
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t
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[
1
2
]
is
also
r
elate
d
to
p
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o
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m
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ce
ef
f
icien
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b
y
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an
d
u
s
in
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th
e
weig
h
t
co
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f
icie
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t
b
y
ex
p
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t
j
u
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g
m
e
n
t.
Ho
wev
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r
,
th
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two
s
tu
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ies
h
av
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th
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r
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wea
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n
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,
th
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r
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Yu
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[
1
1
]
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n
ly
co
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p
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two
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
a
n
d
t
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was
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b
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ex
p
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ts
.
Me
an
wh
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r
esear
ch
b
y
T
h
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iq
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et
a
l.
[
1
2
]
s
u
cc
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ed
in
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p
r
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in
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p
r
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v
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s
r
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l
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r
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p
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,
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e
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e
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two
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ased
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ewo
r
k
s
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
ea
ch
s
o
f
twar
e
o
r
test
in
g
g
o
al
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
s
u
itab
le
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
to
o
b
tain
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
r
esu
lts
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
s
ti
ll
u
s
ed
o
n
e
test
i
n
g
to
o
l
an
d
d
i
d
n
o
t
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
f
twar
e
t
o
o
ls
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
web
-
b
ased
s
o
f
twar
e
q
u
ality
te
s
tin
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
s
ev
er
al
f
ac
to
r
s
r
elate
d
t
o
th
r
ee
asp
ec
ts
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
e
f
f
ic
ien
cy
,
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
wit
h
I
SO/IE
C
2
5
0
1
0
s
tan
d
ar
d
izatio
n
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
to
u
s
in
g
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
test
in
g
,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
th
e
weig
h
t
co
e
f
f
icien
t
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
test
in
g
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
co
e
f
f
icien
t
is
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
ca
le
o
f
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
b
y
ex
p
er
ts
an
d
is
u
s
ed
as
th
e
b
asis
f
o
r
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t.
L
ater
,
th
e
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
we
b
s
ite
test
in
g
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
,
alth
o
u
g
h
it
was
n
o
t
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
is
r
ese
ar
ch
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
s
er
v
e
as a
r
ef
er
en
ce
o
r
c
o
n
s
id
e
r
atio
n
f
o
r
d
ev
el
o
p
er
s
wh
en
d
et
er
m
in
in
g
a
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
at
s
u
i
ts
th
eir
n
ee
d
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
will
ex
p
lain
th
is
f
u
r
th
er
.
Sectio
n
2
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew.
Sectio
n
3
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
class
if
y
in
g
th
e
q
u
ali
ty
o
f
web
-
b
ased
s
o
f
twar
e
.
Sec
tio
n
4
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
class
if
icatio
n
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
.
S
ec
tio
n
5
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
an
aly
s
is
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
So
f
twar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
w
h
eth
er
ap
p
licatio
n
p
r
o
g
r
am
i
n
g
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
(
API
)
,
web
s
ite,
o
r
m
o
b
ile,
is
in
s
ep
ar
ab
le
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
c
r
itical
s
tag
es,
test
in
g
.
So
f
twar
e
test
in
g
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
p
o
p
u
lar
r
esear
ch
to
p
ic
in
m
an
y
s
o
f
twar
e
f
ield
s
,
i
n
clu
d
i
n
g
web
s
ites
.
W
eb
s
ite
-
b
ased
s
o
f
twar
e
test
in
g
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
te
n
s
iv
ely
co
n
d
u
cted
in
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
Ma
zh
ar
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
an
al
y
ze
d
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
s
ev
er
al
web
-
b
ased
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
id
en
tifie
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
web
s
ite
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
er
e
was
n
o
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
o
th
er
au
t
o
m
atio
n
to
o
ls
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
w
h
ich
lim
ited
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
ass
ess
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
m
eth
o
d
s
.
So
f
twar
e
test
in
g
g
en
er
ally
in
v
o
lv
es
au
to
m
atio
n
test
in
g
.
T
h
i
s
is
ac
h
iev
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
it
tak
es
less
tim
e,
in
cu
r
s
lo
wer
co
s
ts
,
an
d
id
e
n
tifie
s
a
m
o
r
e
d
iv
er
s
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
er
r
o
r
s
.
Var
i
o
u
s
to
o
ls
,
s
u
ch
as
Po
s
tm
an
,
Kata
lo
n
,
J
Me
ter
,
an
d
Selen
iu
m
,
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
au
to
m
atio
n
test
in
g
.
Var
io
u
s
au
to
m
atio
n
test
in
g
to
o
ls
h
av
e
b
ec
o
m
e
in
ter
esti
n
g
r
esear
ch
to
p
ics
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
B
ah
awe
r
es
et
a
l.
[
1
8
]
a
p
p
lied
a
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
au
to
m
atio
n
o
f
g
r
ap
h
ical
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
(
GUI
)
test
in
g
o
n
th
e
C
UR
A
an
d
Swag
L
ab
s
web
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al
-
d
r
iv
en
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
(
B
DD)
tech
n
iq
u
e
was
u
s
ed
,
an
d
r
u
n
n
in
g
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
Kata
lo
n
s
tu
d
io
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
o
b
tain
ed
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
r
esu
lts
,
a
n
d
alm
o
s
t
all
test
ca
s
es
wer
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
ll
y
ex
ec
u
te
d
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
n
o
o
th
e
r
m
eth
o
d
was
u
s
ed
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
a
n
d
n
o
ex
p
e
r
t a
s
s
ess
m
en
ts
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
.
T
h
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
v
a
r
io
u
s
to
o
ls
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
t
o
d
ay
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
to
p
ics,
n
am
ely
co
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
s
tu
d
ies
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
u
s
in
g
m
u
ltip
le
to
o
ls
ca
n
co
n
f
u
s
e
o
r
d
i
n
ar
y
p
eo
p
le
wh
en
s
elec
tin
g
s
u
itab
le
to
o
ls
.
On
e
way
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
ese
r
esu
lts
i
s
to
b
u
il
d
a
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
m
o
d
el.
Var
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
th
is
is
s
u
e,
s
u
ch
as
T
h
o
o
r
i
q
o
h
et
a
l.
[
1
2
]
.
w
h
ich
cr
ea
tes
a
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
API
test
in
g
to
o
ls
b
ased
o
n
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
s
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
u
c
ce
ed
ed
in
class
if
y
in
g
th
e
to
o
ls
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
ex
p
er
ts
’
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
.
H
o
wev
er
,
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
m
i
n
im
al,
a
n
d
it
m
ay
n
o
t
p
er
f
ec
tly
co
v
er
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
an
d
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
o
f
th
e
r
ea
l w
o
r
ld
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
s
th
at
af
f
ec
t
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
au
to
m
atio
n
to
o
ls
is
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
er
e
ar
e
f
ew
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
f
o
cu
s
o
n
test
in
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
to
o
ls
.
A
s
tu
d
y
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
y
Yu
n
iasri
et
a
l
.
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
m
p
a
r
es
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
o
f
two
au
to
m
ated
test
s
:
cu
cu
m
b
er
an
d
m
o
ch
a.
Fi
f
ty
test
ca
s
es
o
f
th
e
Pre
s
tash
o
p
web
co
n
te
n
t
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
s
y
s
tem
wer
e
test
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
ws
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
esu
lts
o
r
s
u
cc
ee
d
s
in
id
en
tify
in
g
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ici
en
t
to
o
ls
,
n
am
ely
cu
cu
m
b
er
.
T
h
is
ty
p
e
o
f
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
m
o
r
e
to
o
ls
to
b
r
o
ad
e
n
th
e
co
v
er
ag
e
b
e
y
o
n
d
ju
s
t
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
two
to
o
ls
.
B
ased
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies,
v
ar
io
u
s
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
f
o
r
a
u
to
m
ated
test
in
g
ar
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e.
Ho
wev
er
,
s
elec
tin
g
is
r
ar
ely
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
to
p
ic
in
r
esear
c
h
an
d
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
.
E
v
er
y
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
r
test
in
g
g
o
al
r
e
q
u
ir
es
a
s
u
itab
le
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
t
o
o
b
tain
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
r
esear
c
h
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
test
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
m
o
d
el
b
ase
d
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
f
o
r
web
s
ites
.
T
h
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
s
er
v
e
as a
r
ef
er
e
n
c
e
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
in
g
s
u
itab
le
test
in
g
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
to
b
e
u
s
ed
as n
ee
d
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
7
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
2
5
:
1
1
30
-
1
13
9
1132
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
ch
ap
ter
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
s
ta
g
es
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
m
o
d
el
s
h
o
u
ld
u
n
d
er
g
o
t
h
r
ee
m
ain
s
tag
es:
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
s
tu
d
y
,
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
,
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
ev
al
u
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tag
es
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
th
e
web
test
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
e
v
alu
atio
n
m
o
d
el
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
An
ex
p
l
o
r
ato
r
y
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
t
o
id
e
n
tify
th
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
n
ee
d
ed
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
is
ca
n
b
e
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
ty
p
es,
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
I
S
O
2
5
0
1
0
,
a
n
d
test
in
g
to
o
ls
.
I
n
th
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
s
tag
e,
f
iv
e
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
ty
p
es
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
a
test
ca
s
e
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
test
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
f
iv
e
ex
is
tin
g
to
o
ls
.
T
o
o
b
tain
ac
cu
r
ate
r
esu
l
ts
,
ea
ch
test
ca
s
e
wa
s
r
ep
ea
ted
f
iv
e
tim
es.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
is
b
ased
on
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
ex
p
lo
r
at
o
r
y
an
d
d
ata
co
llectio
n
s
tag
es.
T
h
e
d
etails
o
f
th
ese
th
r
ee
s
tag
es
ar
e
ex
p
lain
ed
in
th
e
n
ex
t sectio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
esear
ch
d
esig
n
3.
1
.
E
x
plo
ra
t
o
ry
s
t
ud
y
T
h
e
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
p
h
ase
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
ca
lled
an
ex
p
l
o
r
ato
r
y
s
tu
d
y
,
a
n
d
it
in
clu
d
es
a
t
h
o
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
d
cr
itical
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
r
elev
an
t
liter
atu
r
e.
T
h
is
p
h
ase
aim
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
'
s
s
co
p
e.
T
h
r
ee
ac
tiv
ities
ar
e
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
at
th
is
s
tag
e.
First,
id
en
tif
y
in
g
th
e
ty
p
es
o
f
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
th
at
ar
e
c
o
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
o
n
web
s
ites
to
d
ay
.
Seco
n
d
,
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ch
ar
a
cter
is
tics
in
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
b
ased
o
n
I
SO
2
5
0
1
0
.
T
h
ir
d
,
th
e
d
ete
r
m
in
atio
n
an
d
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
to
o
ls
u
s
ed
in
au
to
m
ated
w
eb
test
in
g
.
Deta
iled
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t th
e
th
r
e
e
s
tag
es is
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
.
3.
1
.
1
.
Webs
it
e
t
ra
ns
a
ct
io
n t
y
pe
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
s
id
er
s
s
ev
er
al
t
y
p
es
o
f
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
th
at
e
x
is
t
o
n
t
h
e
web
s
ite.
T
h
e
ty
p
es
o
f
d
ata
th
at
will
b
e
u
s
ed
a
r
e
g
ettin
g
m
ass
iv
e
d
ata,
cr
ea
ti
ng
,
r
ea
d
in
g
,
u
p
d
atin
g
,
an
d
d
eletin
g
(
C
R
U
D)
,
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
,
u
p
lo
ad
in
g
,
an
d
d
o
wn
lo
a
d
in
g
f
iles
.
A
tes
t
ca
s
e
i
s
cr
ea
ted
f
o
r
ea
ch
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
ty
p
e,
a
n
d
th
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
tim
e
is
ca
lcu
lated
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
r
eq
u
est
to
r
etr
iev
e
a
lar
g
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
d
ata
o
r
g
et
m
ass
iv
e
d
ata
is
ex
em
p
lifie
d
b
y
r
etr
iev
in
g
d
ata
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
g
r
ap
h
with
s
ev
er
al
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
.
C
R
U
D
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
ar
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
ad
d
in
g
u
s
er
s
,
ch
an
g
i
n
g
u
s
er
d
ata,
an
d
d
eletin
g
u
s
er
s
.
Sear
ch
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
ar
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
item
s
o
n
t
h
e
l
an
d
in
g
p
ag
e
.
At
th
e
s
am
e
ti
m
e,
f
ile
u
p
lo
ad
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
u
p
lo
a
d
in
g
ce
r
tific
ate
f
iles
d
u
r
in
g
item
cr
ea
tio
n
.
Fil
e
d
o
wn
lo
ad
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
y
d
o
wn
lo
a
d
in
g
item
d
ata
in
E
x
ce
l f
o
r
m
at.
3.
1
.
2
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
ef
f
iciency
I
SO
2
5
0
1
0
I
SO/IE
C
2
5
0
1
0
is
an
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
th
at
d
ef
in
es
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
q
u
ality
m
o
d
el
.
I
SO
2
5
0
1
0
is
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
o
r
e
n
s
u
r
e
test
in
g
an
d
r
esear
c
h
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
s
o
f
twar
e
q
u
a
lity
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
[
2
1
]
.
B
y
u
s
in
g
I
SO
2
5
0
1
0
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
ca
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
an
d
c
o
m
p
ar
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
to
o
ls
an
d
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
in
a
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
A
n
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
mo
d
el
o
f web
s
ite
test
in
g
fr
a
mewo
r
k
b
a
s
ed
o
n
I
S
O
2
5
0
1
0
…
(
Dia
s
Tr
i Ku
r
n
i
a
s
a
r
i
)
1133
o
b
jectiv
e
an
d
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
m
an
n
er
.
An
attr
ib
u
te
o
f
I
SO
2
5
0
1
0
is
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
h
as
th
r
ee
s
u
b
-
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
:
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
tim
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
,
a
n
d
ca
p
ac
i
ty
[
2
2
]
.
R
eso
u
r
ce
u
tili
za
tio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
r
eso
u
r
c
es
n
ee
d
ed
.
T
h
e
tim
e
b
eh
av
io
r
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
s
y
s
tem
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
tim
es.
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
ity
s
u
b
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
o
p
tim
u
m
l
im
it
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
R
eso
u
r
ce
u
tili
za
tio
n
a
n
aly
s
es
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
C
PUs
,
m
em
o
r
y
,
I
/O
d
e
v
ices,
s
to
r
ag
e,
an
d
b
an
d
wid
th
.
T
h
e
r
ea
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
tim
e,
o
p
er
atin
g
tim
e,
d
e
v
ice
s
to
r
ag
e,
an
d
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
ca
p
ac
ity
ar
e
th
e
s
u
b
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
an
d
m
etr
ics
em
p
lo
y
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
v
alu
e
was
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
c
o
n
t
r
a
s
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
o
n
t
h
e
d
e
v
i
c
e
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
e
a
c
h
t
r
i
a
l
[
2
3
]
.
T
im
e
b
eh
av
i
o
r
u
s
es
m
etr
ics
lik
e
m
ea
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
e,
tu
r
n
ar
o
u
n
d
tim
e
co
n
f
o
r
m
an
c
e,
an
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
co
n
f
o
r
m
an
ce
t
o
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
m
ea
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e
tim
e
is
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
in
g
h
o
w
q
u
ick
ly
it
r
e
ac
ts
to
u
s
er
in
p
u
t.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
tim
e
s
p
en
t
in
ea
ch
r
ea
ctio
n
to
u
s
er
in
p
u
t
was
d
iv
id
ed
b
y
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
tr
ials
co
n
d
u
cted
.
T
h
e
to
tal
co
m
p
letio
n
tim
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
co
m
p
lete
o
n
e
test
ca
s
e
is
th
e
to
tal
co
m
p
letio
n
tim
e.
Me
an
wh
ile,
o
n
e
wa
y
to
g
au
g
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iaten
ess
is
to
co
u
n
t th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
task
s
th
at
ar
e
co
m
p
leted
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
in
a
ce
r
tain
tim
e
[
2
4
]
.
3.
1
.
3
.
Aut
o
ma
t
io
n
t
esting
t
o
o
ls
A
test
in
g
au
to
m
atio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
a
co
llectio
n
o
f
r
u
les,
g
u
id
elin
es,
an
d
in
teg
r
ated
m
o
d
u
les
an
d
lib
r
ar
ies
u
s
ed
to
cr
ea
te
an
d
r
u
n
test
s
cr
ip
ts
.
Fiv
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
ar
e
ev
alu
ate
d
in
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
e
Selen
iu
m
I
DE
,
Kata
lo
n
,
Ma
b
l,
T
est
T
eler
ik
Stu
d
io
,
a
n
d
C
y
p
r
ess
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
s
wer
e
u
s
ed
.
Selen
iu
m
I
DE
is
a
b
r
o
wser
au
to
m
atio
n
to
o
l
th
at
allo
ws
u
s
er
s
to
cr
ea
te,
r
ec
o
r
d
,
an
d
p
la
y
b
ac
k
au
to
m
ate
d
test
s
f
o
r
we
b
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
5
]
.
K
a
t
a
l
o
n
i
s
a
n
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
t
h
a
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
e
s
t
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
on
[
2
6
]
.
Ma
b
l
is
a
test
a
u
to
m
atio
n
p
la
tf
o
r
m
t
h
at
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
a
s
im
p
le,
s
cr
ip
less
,
an
d
in
tellig
en
t
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
to
a
u
to
m
ate
d
test
in
g
[
2
7
]
.
T
eler
ik
T
est
Stu
d
io
is
a
test
au
to
m
atio
n
to
o
l
d
esig
n
ed
to
s
im
p
lify
User
I
n
ter
f
ac
e
(
UI
)
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
test
in
g
f
o
r
web
,
d
esk
to
p
,
an
d
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licat
io
n
s
.
An
o
p
en
-
s
o
u
r
ce
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
f
o
r
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
web
ap
p
licatio
n
test
in
g
is
ca
ll
ed
C
y
p
r
ess
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
en
,
th
e
f
iv
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
im
p
lem
en
t
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
d
ef
i
n
ed
ca
s
es,
an
d
th
e
test
tim
e
is
s
to
r
ed
in
ea
ch
ca
s
e.
3
.
2
.
Da
t
a
c
o
llect
io
n
I
n
th
is
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
u
s
ed
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
ex
p
lain
ed
.
T
wo
ty
p
es
o
f
d
ata
will
b
e
u
s
ed
:
test
in
g
ex
ec
u
tio
n
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
an
d
e
x
p
er
t
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
weig
h
t
s
ca
le
d
ata
.
T
est
ex
ec
u
tio
n
d
ata
will
b
e
co
llec
ted
b
y
r
u
n
n
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
ty
p
es
o
f
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
web
au
to
m
atio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
weig
h
t
s
ca
le
d
ata
will
b
e
g
at
h
er
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
t
o
ex
p
er
ts
in
s
o
f
twar
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t a
n
d
test
in
g
.
3
.
2
.
1
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
ef
f
iciency
s
co
re
s
I
n
th
is
s
tag
e,
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ef
f
i
cien
cy
s
co
r
es
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
test
in
g
.
T
h
e
test
s
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
ex
ec
u
tin
g
p
r
ed
e
f
in
ed
test
ca
s
e
s
o
n
ea
ch
test
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
e
in
itial
s
tep
in
v
o
lv
es
co
m
p
ilin
g
a
lis
t
o
f
test
ca
s
es
f
o
r
ea
ch
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
ty
p
e.
T
h
ese
test
ca
s
e
s
will
b
e
r
u
n
o
n
th
e
test
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
an
d
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
s
co
r
es f
o
r
ea
ch
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
an
d
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
t
y
p
e
will th
en
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
.
a
.
T
est
ca
s
e
des
ig
n
A
test
ca
s
e
is
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
an
ac
tio
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
a
u
s
er
o
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
ea
ch
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
was
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
a
s
in
g
le
test
ca
s
e,
wh
ich
is
h
ap
p
y
f
lo
w.
T
h
e
Hap
p
y
f
lo
w
test
co
n
d
itio
n
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
p
r
ed
ete
r
m
in
ed
s
tep
s
to
o
b
tain
th
e
r
esu
lts
as
ex
p
ec
ted
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
web
s
ite
test
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
was
p
ip
esales.co
m
in
th
e
test
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
.
An
ex
am
p
le
o
f
a
test
ca
s
e
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
g
iv
e
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
T
est
ca
s
e
ex
am
p
le
o
f
ch
an
g
in
g
u
s
er
d
ata
ID
D
e
t
a
i
l
t
e
s
t
C
a
se
P
r
e
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
S
t
e
p
s
D
a
t
a
Ex
p
e
c
t
e
d
r
e
su
l
t
01
U
sers c
a
n
c
h
a
n
g
e
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
d
a
t
a
U
sers
a
l
r
e
a
d
y
l
o
g
g
e
d
i
n
C
l
i
c
k
t
h
e
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
b
u
t
t
o
n
.
-
D
a
t
a
c
h
a
n
g
e
s a
r
e
su
c
c
e
ssf
u
l
l
y
ma
d
e
a
n
d
s
a
v
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
d
a
t
a
b
a
se
.
C
l
i
c
k
p
r
o
f
i
l
e
-
C
l
i
c
k
t
h
e
e
d
i
t
b
u
t
t
o
n
.
-
I
n
p
u
t
n
e
w
n
a
me
D
i
a
s
N
e
w
C
l
i
c
k
t
h
e
U
p
d
a
t
e
b
u
t
t
o
n
-
b
.
Cre
a
t
i
ng
a
da
t
a
co
llect
io
n
pro
g
ra
m
I
n
co
llectin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
d
ata,
n
o
t
all
o
f
t
h
em
ca
n
b
e
d
o
n
e
d
ir
ec
tly
o
r
n
ee
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
ass
is
tan
ce
,
n
am
ely
,
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
tili
za
tio
n
d
ata.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
a
p
y
th
o
n
-
b
ased
p
r
o
g
r
am
was
u
s
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
s
u
t
i
l
a
n
d
l
i
b
r
a
r
i
e
s
,
w
h
i
c
h
a
r
e
r
u
n
i
n
r
e
a
l
t
i
m
e
.
S
c
a
p
y
i
s
a
p
y
t
h
o
n
l
i
b
r
a
r
y
t
h
a
t
m
a
n
i
p
u
l
a
t
e
s
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
p
a
c
k
e
t
s
[
2
9
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
7
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
2
5
:
1
1
30
-
1
13
9
1134
T
h
is
lib
r
ar
y
is
u
s
ed
to
o
b
tai
n
v
alu
es
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
asp
ec
ts
,
n
am
el
y
b
a
n
d
wid
th
u
tili
za
tio
n
.
Ps
u
til
is
a
Py
th
o
n
lib
r
ar
y
f
o
r
o
b
tain
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
s
y
s
tem
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
r
u
n
n
in
g
o
n
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
lib
r
ar
y
is
u
s
ed
to
o
b
tai
n
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
asp
ec
ts
o
f
m
ea
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
u
tili
za
tio
n
an
d
s
to
r
a
g
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
.
W
h
ile,
t
h
e
d
ata
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
f
o
r
tim
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
is
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
test
r
esu
lt
r
ep
o
r
t
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
b
y
th
e
test
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
th
en
ca
lcu
lated
b
ased
o
n
a
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
d
ef
in
ed
eq
u
ati
o
n
.
C
ap
ac
ity
was d
ef
in
ed
as 1
b
ec
au
s
e
in
th
e
t
esti
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
ea
ch
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
was o
n
ly
u
s
ed
b
y
1
d
ev
ice.
c
.
T
est
ca
s
e
im
plem
ent
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
test
ca
s
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
s
tep
s
in
v
o
lv
e
d
in
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
th
e
test
ca
s
es
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
ly
cr
ea
ted
in
th
e
test
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
eg
in
s
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
r
ec
o
r
d
f
ea
tu
r
e
in
th
e
test
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
to
r
ec
o
r
d
ac
tio
n
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
m
a
n
u
al
test
in
g
.
T
h
is
r
ec
o
r
d
f
ea
t
u
r
e
au
to
m
atica
lly
g
en
e
r
ates
a
test
s
cr
ip
t
b
ased
o
n
th
ese
ac
tio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
all
test
s
tep
s
,
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
with
p
ag
e
elem
en
ts
,
an
d
in
p
u
t
d
ata.
B
ef
o
r
e
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
en
ter
th
e
b
ase
u
r
l
o
f
th
e
tar
g
et
web
s
ite.
On
ce
th
e
test
s
cr
ip
t
is
g
en
er
ated
,
th
e
n
e
x
t
s
tep
is
to
r
e
-
r
u
n
t
h
e
s
cr
ip
t
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
all
tes
t
s
tep
s
ar
e
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
co
r
r
ec
tly
an
d
co
u
ld
b
e
ex
ec
u
te
d
with
o
u
t
e
r
r
o
r
s
.
T
h
is
r
e
-
r
u
n
n
in
g
p
r
o
c
ess
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
o
r
id
en
tify
i
n
g
an
d
co
r
r
ec
tin
g
er
r
o
r
s
o
r
d
is
c
r
ep
an
cies
in
t
h
e
s
cr
ip
t.
I
f
th
er
e
ar
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
s
u
ch
as
s
cr
ip
t
wr
itin
g
e
r
r
o
r
s
,
f
ailu
r
es
in
in
ter
ac
tio
n
with
p
a
g
e
elem
en
ts
,
o
r
in
v
alid
in
p
u
t
d
ata,
th
e
s
cr
ip
t
will
b
e
an
aly
ze
d
an
d
c
o
r
r
ec
ted
.
T
h
is
iter
ativ
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
n
tin
u
e
s
u
n
til all
test
ca
s
es a
r
e
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
lly
r
u
n
.
d
.
T
est
ex
ec
utio
n
At
th
is
s
tag
e,
th
e
o
r
i
g
in
al
test
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
y
ex
ec
u
tin
g
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
test
s
cr
ip
t.
T
h
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
is
test
wi
ll
b
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
in
d
etail
an
d
u
s
ed
in
th
e
n
ex
t
s
tag
e.
Alo
n
g
with
th
e
e
x
ec
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
test
s
cr
ip
t,
th
e
cr
ea
ted
d
ata
ca
p
tu
r
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
is
also
r
u
n
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
g
r
am
co
llects
r
eso
u
r
ce
u
tili
za
t
io
n
d
ata
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
test
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
test
ex
ec
u
tio
n
an
d
d
ata
ca
p
tu
r
e
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
n
ex
t
s
tag
e
is
o
b
tain
ed
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
.
At
th
is
s
tag
e,
th
e
test
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
test
r
ep
o
r
t
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
r
etr
iev
e
t
h
e
tim
e
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
d
ata,
n
am
ely
th
e
to
t
al
test
tim
e.
3.
2
.
2
.
Det
er
m
ina
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
he
i
m
po
rt
a
nce
weig
ht
s
ca
le
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
v
alu
es
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
t
est
r
esu
lts
,
ex
p
er
t
ju
d
g
m
en
t
is
also
u
s
ed
.
T
h
is
ex
p
er
t
ass
ess
m
en
t
wil
l
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
weig
h
t
o
f
th
e
s
ca
le
o
f
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
f
o
r
ea
ch
asp
ec
t
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ef
f
icien
c
y
u
s
ed
in
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
s
ca
le
weig
h
ts
is
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
ev
alu
a
tin
g
web
s
ite
test
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
th
at
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
s
im
p
ly
b
y
c
o
m
p
a
r
i
n
g
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
o
n
e
asp
ec
t
to
an
o
th
er
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
ea
ch
asp
ec
t
h
as
its
o
wn
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
in
ea
ch
test
ca
s
e.
a
.
Q
ues
t
io
n
lis
t
des
ig
n
I
n
th
is
s
tag
e,
a
li
s
t
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
m
etr
ics
b
ased
o
n
I
SO/IE
C
2
5
0
1
0
is
d
esig
n
e
d
.
T
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
weig
h
t
s
ca
le
v
al
u
es
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
to
d
eter
m
in
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
attr
ib
u
tes
f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t.
E
ac
h
q
u
esti
o
n
in
th
e
s
ev
e
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
f
f
icien
cy
m
etr
ics
was
g
r
o
u
p
ed
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
ea
ch
ty
p
e
o
f
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
o
r
test
ca
s
e.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
wer
e
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
u
s
i
n
g
a
5
-
p
o
i
n
t
L
i
k
e
r
t
S
c
a
l
e
t
o
a
v
o
i
d
b
i
a
s
i
n
t
h
e
s
c
o
r
e
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
b
y
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
i
f
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
s
w
e
r
e
t
o
o
c
l
o
s
e
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
as
f
o
llo
ws:
a
s
co
r
e
o
f
5
f
o
r
“v
er
y
im
p
o
r
tan
t,”
a
s
co
r
e
o
f
4
f
o
r
“im
p
o
r
tan
t,”
a
s
co
r
e
o
f
3
f
o
r
“n
e
u
tr
al,
”
a
s
co
r
e
o
f
2
f
o
r
“n
o
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t,”
a
n
d
a
s
co
r
e
o
f
1
f
o
r
“v
er
y
u
n
im
p
o
r
tan
t.”
E
x
am
p
les
o
f
th
is
q
u
esti
o
n
a
r
e
“Ho
w
im
p
o
r
tan
t is th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
in
cr
u
d
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
”.
b
.
Q
ues
t
io
nn
a
ire
da
t
a
co
llect
io
n
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
d
at
a
c
o
llectio
n
was
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tin
g
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
to
5
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
Go
o
g
le
Fo
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
tar
g
eted
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
ar
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
wh
o
ar
e
ex
p
er
ts
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
s
o
f
twar
e,
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
ev
el
o
p
er
s
an
d
test
er
s
wh
o
ar
e
ac
cu
s
t
o
m
ed
to
u
s
in
g
test
in
g
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
f
am
iliar
with
th
e
f
iv
e
ty
p
es
o
f
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
o
n
web
s
ites
.
W
ith
ev
alu
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
5
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
e
x
p
er
ts
wh
o
k
n
o
w
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
h
ar
d
war
e
an
d
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
test
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
,
a
b
asis
f
o
r
co
n
s
tr
u
ctin
g
th
e
we
ig
h
tin
g
m
o
d
el
was e
s
tab
lis
h
ed
.
c
.
Da
t
a
v
a
lid
it
y
chec
k
T
h
is
s
tag
e
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
u
s
ed
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
was
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate.
On
e
m
eth
o
d
u
s
ed
to
c
h
ec
k
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
was
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es
r
ec
eiv
ed
.
T
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
is
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
at
s
h
o
ws
h
o
w
m
u
c
h
v
ar
iatio
n
o
r
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
av
er
ag
e
v
alu
e
(
m
ea
n
)
.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
is
s
h
o
wn
as (
1
).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
A
n
ev
a
lu
a
tio
n
mo
d
el
o
f web
s
ite
test
in
g
fr
a
mewo
r
k
b
a
s
ed
o
n
I
S
O
2
5
0
1
0
…
(
Dia
s
Tr
i Ku
r
n
i
a
s
a
r
i
)
1135
=
√
1
∑
(
−
)
2
=
1
)
(
1
)
Fro
m
(
1
)
,
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
s
co
r
e
o
f
ea
ch
r
esp
o
n
d
en
t
.
An
d
is
av
er
a
g
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e’
s
s
co
r
e
.
T
h
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
is
.
B
y
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
e
v
iatio
n
,
th
e
s
p
r
ea
d
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
’
an
s
wer
s
th
at
v
ar
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
av
er
ag
e
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
.
A
lo
w
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
in
d
icate
s
th
at
m
o
s
t
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
g
av
e
s
im
ilar
an
s
wer
s
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
in
th
eir
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
an
d
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
a
h
ig
h
s
tan
d
a
r
d
d
ev
iatio
n
i
n
d
icate
s
a
la
r
g
e
v
a
r
iatio
n
in
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
’
an
s
wer
s
,
w
h
ich
in
d
icate
s
th
at
s
o
m
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
m
ay
b
e
u
n
clea
r
o
r
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
d
if
f
er
e
n
tly
b
y
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
Stan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
an
aly
s
is
h
elp
s
ev
alu
ate
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
v
alid
ity
o
f
t
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e.
d
.
I
m
po
rt
a
nce
s
ca
le
weig
ht
c
a
lcula
t
io
n
Af
ter
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
d
ata
p
ass
e
d
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ch
ec
k
in
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tag
e,
th
e
n
e
x
t step
was th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
weig
h
t
s
ca
le.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
is
to
co
n
v
er
t
th
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
a
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
in
to
an
in
ter
v
al
f
o
r
m
.
Data
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
was p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
as
(
2
)
an
d
(
3
)
.
=
∑
=
1
(
2
)
=
(
3
)
Fro
m
(
2
)
an
d
(
3
)
,
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lik
e
r
t
s
ca
les
.
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
.
An
d
is
L
ik
er
t sco
r
e
n
u
m
b
er
c
h
o
ices
.
W
h
ile
is
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
v
alu
e
.
Af
ter
th
is
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
,
th
e
n
e
x
t
s
tep
is
to
co
n
v
er
t
th
e
i
n
ter
v
al
v
alu
es
in
to
a
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
e
i
n
d
ex
.
T
h
is
s
tep
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
s
u
m
m
in
g
all
co
n
v
er
ted
i
n
ter
v
al
v
alu
e
s
to
o
b
tain
th
e
to
tal
in
ter
v
al
v
alu
e.
T
h
en
,
ea
ch
in
ter
v
al
v
alu
e
is
d
iv
id
e
d
b
y
th
e
to
tal
v
alu
e
as
(
3
)
.
T
h
e
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
e
in
d
e
x
b
ec
o
m
es
th
e
r
elativ
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
weig
h
t
o
f
ea
ch
m
et
r
ic.
B
y
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
t
o
tal
weig
h
t
is
1
(
o
r
1
0
0
%),
ea
ch
m
etr
ic
is
ass
ig
n
ed
a
weig
h
t
th
a
t
r
ef
lects its
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
in
th
e
c
o
n
tex
t o
f
th
e
test
.
3.
3
.
M
o
del
ev
a
lua
t
io
n
T
h
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
was
b
ased
o
n
th
e
tim
e
d
ata
o
b
tain
e
d
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
s
tag
e.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
was
cr
ea
ted
u
s
in
g
Py
th
o
n
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
co
r
in
g
m
o
d
el
is
clas
s
if
icatio
n
with
th
r
esh
o
ld
in
g
.
B
ef
o
r
e
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
,
th
e
s
co
r
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
was
n
o
r
m
aliz
ed
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
b
o
th
d
atasets
(
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t
an
d
s
ca
le
weig
h
t)
wer
e
o
n
th
e
s
am
e
s
ca
le
s
o
th
at
th
ey
c
o
u
ld
b
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
o
r
co
m
b
in
ed
ac
cu
r
ately
.
Af
ter
n
o
r
m
alizin
g
th
e
d
ata,
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ef
f
icien
c
y
v
alu
e
is
m
u
ltip
lied
b
y
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
weig
h
t
s
ca
le,
wh
ich
is
alr
ea
d
y
o
n
a
0
-
1
s
ca
le.
T
h
is
s
tep
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
ew
v
al
u
e
th
at
r
ef
lects
th
e
r
elativ
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ef
f
icien
c
y
b
ased
o
n
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
weig
h
t d
eter
m
i
n
e
d
as
(
4
)
.
=
(
∑
(
)
=
1
)
(
4
)
F
r
o
m
(
4
)
,
is
th
e
web
tr
an
s
ac
ti
o
n
ty
p
e.
W
h
er
e
is
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
asp
ec
t.
An
d
is
s
ev
en
asp
ec
ts
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ef
f
icie
n
cy
.
T
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
test
in
g
ex
p
er
i
m
en
t is
wh
ile
is
th
e
weig
h
t v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
e
x
p
er
t.
T
h
e
to
tal
v
alu
e
af
ter
weig
h
tin
g
o
f
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
ty
p
e
is
.
Af
ter
o
b
tain
in
g
th
e
s
co
r
e,
wh
ich
was
th
e
av
er
ag
e
o
f
ea
ch
asp
ec
t,
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
was
co
n
tin
u
ed
b
y
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
1
/
3
o
f
th
e
m
ax
an
d
m
in
im
u
m
s
co
r
es
o
b
tain
ed
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
ly
.
T
h
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
is
u
s
ed
to
b
u
ild
a
n
d
ca
lcu
late
th
e
m
o
d
el,
wh
ich
is
d
iv
id
e
d
in
t
o
th
r
ee
,
wh
eth
er
it
f
alls
in
to
th
e
g
o
o
d
(
1
)
,
m
ed
iu
m
(
2
)
,
o
r
lo
w
(
3
)
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
T
h
e
th
r
es
h
o
ld
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
d
iv
id
i
n
g
th
e
v
alu
e
r
an
g
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
a
n
d
m
ax
im
u
m
v
alu
es
in
t
o
th
r
ee
eq
u
al
p
a
r
ts
.
Usi
n
g
th
is
m
et
h
o
d
,
ea
c
h
class
o
b
tain
s
b
alan
c
ed
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
v
alu
es.
T
h
is
m
ak
es it p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
s
et
clea
r
b
o
u
n
d
ar
ies b
etwe
en
ea
ch
class
s
o
th
at
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t c
an
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
o
b
jectiv
ely
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
ize
d
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
an
ev
alu
atio
n
m
o
d
el
to
ass
ess
web
a
u
to
m
atio
n
test
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
b
ased
o
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ef
f
icie
n
cy
.
Fiv
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
—
Selen
iu
m
,
Ka
talo
n
Stu
d
io
,
Ma
b
l,
T
eler
i
k
T
est
Stu
d
io
,
an
d
C
y
p
r
ess
—
wer
e
te
s
ted
an
d
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
g
o
o
d
,
m
ed
iu
m
,
an
d
lo
w
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
class
es.
T
h
e
class
if
icatio
n
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
d
ata
c
o
llected
u
s
in
g
a
Py
th
o
n
-
b
ased
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
to
o
l
th
at
tr
ac
k
e
d
t
h
e
ex
ec
u
tio
n
o
f
test
ca
s
es
in
ea
ch
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
.
E
x
p
er
t
weig
h
tin
g
,
wh
ich
was
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
f
illed
o
u
t
b
y
in
d
u
s
tr
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
52
In
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
7
,
No
.
2
,
Feb
r
u
a
r
y
20
2
5
:
1
1
30
-
1
13
9
1136
p
r
o
f
es
s
io
n
als,
was
also
u
s
ed
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
r
esu
lts
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Sev
e
n
f
ac
to
r
s
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
ass
ess
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
a
n
d
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
wer
e
ev
alu
ated
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
h
an
d
le
f
iv
e
co
m
m
o
n
web
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
.
T
h
es
e
in
clu
d
e
C
R
UD
o
p
er
atio
n
s
as
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
2
,
g
et
m
ass
iv
e
d
ata
as
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
3
,
ex
ec
u
tin
g
s
ea
r
ch
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
4
,
f
ile
u
p
l
o
a
d
s
as
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
5
,
an
d
f
ile
d
o
wn
l
o
ad
s
as
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
6
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
f
o
r
ea
ch
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
ty
p
e.
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
illu
s
tr
ates
C
R
UD,
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
illu
s
tr
ates
g
et
m
ass
iv
e
d
ata
(
GM
D)
,
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
c
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
s
ea
r
ch
,
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
d
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
f
ile
u
p
l
o
ad
,
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
e)
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
f
ile
d
o
wn
lo
ad
.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
m
o
d
el
d
ev
elo
p
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
ly
class
if
ied
ea
ch
web
au
to
m
ati
o
n
test
in
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
b
ased
o
n
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
ty
p
es.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
d
if
f
er
en
t
ty
p
es
o
f
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
s
y
ield
d
is
tin
ct
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
a
lth
o
u
g
h
ce
r
tain
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
y
i
eld
n
ea
r
l
y
id
e
n
tical
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
.
I
n
C
R
UD
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
Ma
b
l
an
d
Selen
iu
m
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
s
tr
o
n
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
e
y
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
h
an
d
le
DO
M
elem
en
t
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
q
u
ic
k
ly
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
wh
ile
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
m
u
ltip
le
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
la
n
g
u
a
g
es
an
d
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
well
with
o
th
e
r
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
to
o
ls
[
3
1
]
.
Selen
iu
m
an
d
C
y
p
r
ess
ex
ce
l
in
h
an
d
lin
g
m
ass
iv
e
d
ata
r
et
r
iev
al
an
d
s
ea
r
ch
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
s
d
u
e
to
t
h
eir
n
o
n
-
b
lo
ck
in
g
ar
ch
itectu
r
e,
wh
ic
h
allo
ws
th
em
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
r
eq
u
ests
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
with
lo
w
laten
cy
,
alig
n
in
g
wi
th
Go
jar
e
e
t
a
l.
[
3
2
]
,
Selen
iu
m
’
s
h
ig
h
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
m
a
n
ag
in
g
lar
g
e
d
ata
lo
ad
s
d
u
e
to
its
ef
f
icien
t
W
eb
Dr
iv
er
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
.
Ma
b
l
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
f
ile
u
p
lo
ad
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
AI
-
d
r
iv
en
test
in
g
an
d
s
m
ar
t
wait
f
ea
tu
r
es,
wh
ich
en
a
b
le
th
e
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
t
o
a
d
ap
tiv
ely
ad
ju
s
t
wait
tim
es
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
f
ailu
r
es
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
v
ar
y
i
n
g
test
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
2
7
]
.
Fo
r
f
ile
d
o
wn
lo
a
d
tr
an
s
a
ctio
n
s
,
Kata
lo
n
,
T
eler
ik
,
an
d
Ma
b
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
well
d
u
e
to
th
eir
b
u
ilt
-
in
h
a
n
d
lin
g
f
ea
tu
r
es
th
at
f
ac
ilit
ate
s
tab
le
a
n
d
ac
c
u
r
ate
f
ile
d
o
w
n
lo
ad
s
.
K
atalo
n
an
d
T
eler
i
k
h
av
e
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
au
to
m
ated
er
r
o
r
h
an
d
lin
g
,
m
ak
in
g
th
em
p
ar
ti
cu
lar
ly
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
d
o
wn
lo
ad
s
ce
n
a
r
io
s
[
3
3
]
.
B
ased
o
n
b
o
th
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
an
d
weig
h
ted
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
at
t
h
e
r
elativ
e
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
is
lar
g
ely
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
two
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Nea
r
ly
a
ll
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
ty
p
es
ex
h
ib
ited
a
1
0
0
%
m
atch
wh
e
n
co
m
p
a
r
ed
,
with
o
n
ly
o
n
e
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
—
f
ile
u
p
lo
ad
—
s
h
o
w
in
g
an
8
0
%
m
atch
.
T
h
is
d
is
cr
ep
an
cy
is
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
weig
h
ted
d
ata
ca
lcu
latio
n
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
s
co
r
e
f
o
r
f
ile
u
p
lo
a
d
was
s
lig
h
tly
lo
wer
th
an
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
f
o
r
b
ein
g
class
if
ied
as
h
ig
h
ly
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
ese
r
esu
lts
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
u
s
in
g
eith
er
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
d
ata
alo
n
e
o
r
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
weig
h
tin
g
d
o
es
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
alter
th
e
o
v
er
all
o
u
tco
m
e,
an
d
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
alig
n
s
with
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
T
h
o
o
r
iq
o
h
et
a
l
.
[
1
2
]
,
wh
ich
r
an
g
e
d
f
r
o
m
8
7
.
5
%
to
1
0
0
%.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
v
alu
a
b
le
r
e
f
er
en
ce
f
o
r
d
ete
r
m
in
in
g
s
u
itab
le
s
o
f
t
war
e
f
o
r
b
o
th
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
test
ed
an
d
th
o
s
e
n
o
t c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
ab
le
2.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
C
R
UD
F
r
a
mew
o
r
k
I
S
O
2
5
0
1
0
W
e
i
g
h
t
e
d
I
S
O
2
5
0
1
0
S
c
o
r
e
C
l
a
s
s
S
c
o
r
e
C
l
a
s
s
K
a
t
a
l
o
n
0
.
3
7
6
9
3
3
0
.
0
5
0
1
6
3
Te
l
e
r
i
k
0
.
5
7
2
6
7
2
0
.
0
8
0
9
1
2
M
a
b
l
0
.
6
8
3
0
0
1
0
.
1
0
0
6
0
1
S
e
l
e
n
i
u
m
0
.
7
8
2
0
4
1
0
.
1
1
4
3
8
1
C
y
p
r
e
ss
0
.
6
3
2
2
3
2
0
.
0
8
4
9
7
2
T
ab
le
3.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
g
et
m
ass
iv
e
d
ata
F
r
a
mew
o
r
k
I
S
O
2
5
0
1
0
W
e
i
g
h
t
e
d
I
S
O
2
5
0
1
0
S
c
o
r
e
C
l
a
s
s
S
c
o
r
e
C
l
a
s
s
K
a
t
a
l
o
n
0
.
5
9
2
4
3
3
0
.
0
8
5
0
1
3
Te
l
e
r
i
k
0
.
5
7
6
5
1
3
0
.
0
8
1
3
3
3
M
a
b
l
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me
w
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f
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I
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v
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.
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p
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C
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.
2
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1
2
8
0
7
1
.
[
6
]
K
.
T
h
a
n
t
,
H
.
H
.
K
.
Ti
n
,
a
n
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,
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n
d
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a
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a
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,
p
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–
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y
2
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.
[
7
]
M
.
A
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,
“
A
st
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t
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a
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a
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.
[
8
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m
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.
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EEE
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6
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[
9
]
B
.
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j
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e
d
,
S
.
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.
T
o
o
r
,
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d
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d
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.
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.
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.
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,
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s:
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.
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]
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1
3
]
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.
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.
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[
1
4
]
G
.
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l
d
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,
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.
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M
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2
5
.
[
1
5
]
S
.
M
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h
a
r
,
S
.
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sh
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d
,
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.
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b
b
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d
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l
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c
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t
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n
,
”
i
n
I
EEE
9
t
h
I
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t
e
r
n
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t
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a
l
C
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,
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c
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d
N
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(
I
C
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C
N
)
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p
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–
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d
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:
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1
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9
/
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C
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C
N
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2
6
3
6
.
2
0
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1
.
9
6
7
3
9
3
4
.
[
1
6
]
V
.
Ti
w
a
r
i
,
S
.
U
p
a
d
h
y
a
y
,
J.
K
.
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sw
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mi
,
a
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d
S
.
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g
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l
,
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:
a
p
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j
me
t
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p
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,
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i
n
I
EEE
1
2
t
h
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t
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n
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t
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f
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s
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2
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p
p
.
5
1
9
–
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2
3
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:
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1
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7
1
2
6
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2
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3
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1
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1
3
4
6
9
9
.
[
1
7
]
P
a
l
a
k
,
P
.
G
u
l
i
a
,
a
n
d
N
.
S
.
G
i
l
l
,
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b
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m i
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3
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p
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3
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p
p
1
7
1
6
-
1
7
2
2
.
[
1
8
]
R
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