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Vo
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14
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
25
,
p
p
.
55
~
63
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
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1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
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N
M
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t
AC
-
DC
p
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w
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c
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DC
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1
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[
2
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.
P
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s
[3
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-
[
5
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.
A
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witch
r
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tifie
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u
it
is
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m
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co
n
tr
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l
wh
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e
th
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b
a
n
d
is
in
c
r
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s
ed
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
T
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two
s
witch
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tifie
d
h
a
v
e
s
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n
if
ican
tly
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p
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d
o
v
er
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
in
g
le
o
n
es
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
t
y
p
ical
AC
-
DC
co
n
v
e
r
ter
(
r
ec
tifie
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s
)
u
s
e
d
io
d
es
b
u
t
s
u
f
f
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f
r
o
m
p
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o
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p
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q
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ality
,
m
o
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e
co
n
s
id
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ab
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v
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ltag
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d
is
to
r
tio
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s
,
in
f
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PF
at
p
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im
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p
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lo
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tiv
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lk
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f
alter
n
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g
c
u
r
r
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t
(
AC
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an
d
DC
f
ilter
s
[
1
0
]
.
T
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s
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,
wh
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is
r
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r
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ted
b
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[
1
1
]
-
[
1
3
]
.
E
v
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n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
2
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8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
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wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
25
:
55
-
63
56
th
o
u
g
h
it
o
n
ly
h
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witch
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Vien
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1
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ts
.
T
h
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c
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s
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n
[
1
5
]
p
r
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p
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to
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(
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[
1
6
]
.
A
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p
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C
-
D
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v
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t
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r
[
1
7
]
.
C
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p
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th
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b
a
t
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r
y
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
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c
o
n
v
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'
s
t
o
p
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,
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m
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cr
o
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s
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
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L
L
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b
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C
C
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m
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d
[
2
0
]
.
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(
D
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)
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p
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e
[
2
1
]
.
A
b
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l
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[
2
2
]
.
P
a
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(
P
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ti
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f
a
p
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t
ic
u
l
a
r
P
DE
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
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f
f
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n
c
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n
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b
b
e
r
[
2
4
]
.
A
b
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d
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r
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c
t
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n
al
th
r
e
e
-
p
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/
DC
D
AB
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s
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d
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l
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n
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c
u
r
r
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n
ts
[
2
5
]
-
[
2
7
]
a
n
d
z
e
r
o
v
o
l
t
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g
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s
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it
c
h
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(
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VS
)
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b
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d
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ct
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n
a
l
o
p
e
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ati
o
n
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
e
m
a
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n
d
r
a
w
b
a
c
k
s
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l
b
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v
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t
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a
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f
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t
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o
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t
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c
c
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p
at
i
b
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it
y
,
l
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d
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/
d
t
s
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a
n
d
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n
m
u
l
t
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v
e
l
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
[
2
9
]
,
[
3
0
]
.
C
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
i
n
g
a
l
l
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a
b
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t
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b
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.
T
h
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c
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a
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:
-
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f
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F
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;
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p
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w
e
r
f
l
o
w
;
-
I
t
s
t
a
b
il
i
z
e
d
t
h
e
DC
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
ta
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
c
t
i
f
i
e
r
i
n
c
a
s
e
o
f
ch
a
n
g
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
;
-
I
t
s
u
c
c
es
s
f
u
ll
y
r
e
d
u
c
e
d
t
o
t
a
l
h
ar
m
o
n
i
c
d
i
s
t
o
r
ti
o
n
s
as
m
u
c
h
a
s
p
o
s
s
i
b
le
(
T
H
Ds
)
;
a
n
d
-
I
t
c
a
n
m
i
n
i
m
i
z
e
t
o
t
a
l
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
d
i
s
t
o
r
t
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o
n
s
b
y
a
c
h
i
e
v
i
n
g
b
i
-
d
i
r
ec
t
i
o
n
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
f
l
o
w
(
T
H
Ds
)
.
T
h
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
r
t
i
cl
e
p
r
o
v
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d
e
s
a
c
o
m
p
a
r
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t
i
v
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
tw
o
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
s
(
C
a
s
e
I
-
r
e
c
t
i
f
ic
a
t
i
o
n
w
it
h
C
SP
W
M
a
n
d
i
n
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
wi
t
h
SP
W
M
s
c
h
e
m
e
,
C
as
e
I
I
-
r
e
c
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
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o
n
a
n
d
i
n
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
b
o
t
h
w
i
th
S
PW
M
s
c
h
e
m
e
)
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
u
t
il
i
z
e
d
h
as
n
o
b
r
i
d
g
e
s
,
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
s
,
o
r
o
u
tp
u
t
D
C
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
.
A
l
l
o
f
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
a
r
e
e
x
e
c
u
t
e
d
d
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g
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al
l
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t
o
ta
k
e
a
d
v
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f
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h
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b
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f
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ts
o
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d
ig
i
t
a
l
i
m
p
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e
m
e
n
t
a
ti
o
n
.
T
h
e
d
e
ta
i
l
e
d
s
i
m
u
l
a
ti
o
n
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s
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
M
A
T
L
AB
/S
im
u
l
i
n
k
,
a
n
d
a
n
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
s
et
u
p
f
o
r
a
1
K
W
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
c
r
ea
t
ed
t
o
v
a
l
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d
a
t
e
it
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
s
t
a
n
d
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n
g
a
r
t
i
cl
e
is
a
r
r
a
n
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e
d
a
s
f
o
l
l
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w
s
:
i
)
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
2
e
l
a
b
o
r
a
t
e
s
o
n
t
h
e
b
l
o
c
k
d
ia
g
r
a
m
a
n
d
d
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s
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s
s
es
t
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e
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t
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d
m
et
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
d
e
t
a
i
l
;
ii
)
s
e
c
ti
o
n
3
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
d
e
t
a
il
s
a
b
o
u
t
t
h
e
d
e
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n
a
n
d
m
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p
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p
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s
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;
ii
i
)
s
e
c
ti
o
n
4
e
m
p
h
a
s
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z
e
s
t
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s
i
m
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l
a
t
io
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r
e
s
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l
t
s
a
n
d
d
e
li
b
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
;
f
in
a
l
l
y
,
i
v
)
s
e
ct
i
o
n
5
o
f
f
e
r
s
t
h
e
c
o
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Ca
s
e
I
:
R
ec
t
if
ic
a
t
io
n us
ing
CSPWM a
n
d inv
er
s
io
n u
s
ing
SPW
M
s
chem
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
ill
u
s
t
r
at
es
t
h
e
s
c
h
e
m
at
ic
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
g
g
es
te
d
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
C
ase
I
,
wh
er
e
t
h
e
r
ec
ti
f
i
ca
t
io
n
o
p
e
r
at
io
n
u
s
es
co
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
s
wit
ch
i
n
g
PW
M
a
n
d
t
h
e
in
v
er
s
i
o
n
o
p
e
r
at
io
n
u
s
es
a
s
i
n
u
s
o
i
d
a
l
P
W
M
s
c
h
em
e.
I
n
t
h
e
C
SP
W
M
s
c
h
e
m
e
,
o
n
l
y
lo
we
r
s
witc
h
es
S
2
an
d
S
4
o
f
t
h
e
b
i
-
d
i
r
e
cti
o
n
al
c
o
n
v
e
r
te
r
a
r
e
o
p
e
r
a
ted
.
U
p
p
er
s
wi
tc
h
es
S1
a
n
d
S3
ac
t
as
d
io
d
es
t
o
p
as
s
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
t
o
c
o
m
p
let
e
t
h
e
c
ir
cu
it
p
at
h
.
T
h
e
C
SP
W
M
s
c
h
e
m
e
g
i
v
es
h
i
g
h
e
r
PF
a
n
d
r
e
g
u
la
tes
DC
li
n
k
v
o
l
ta
g
e
i
n
s
ig
n
i
f
ic
a
n
tl
y
less
t
im
e.
T
h
is
s
ch
em
e
u
s
es
DC
li
n
k
v
o
lt
ag
e
a
s
an
i
n
p
u
t
c
all
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
C
o
mp
a
r
is
o
n
o
f d
u
a
l iso
la
ted
c
o
n
ve
r
ters
w
ith
flyb
a
ck
co
n
ve
r
ters
fo
r
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
a
l
…
(
R
a
h
u
l
G.
Ma
p
a
r
i
)
57
f
e
ed
b
a
c
k
DC
li
n
k
v
o
lta
g
e
.
B
ase
d
o
n
i
t,
all
th
e
r
ec
tif
ic
ati
o
n
p
ar
am
et
er
s
ar
e
a
ch
ie
v
e
d
.
S4
is
u
s
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
PW
M
s
ch
em
e.
I
n
t
h
e
s
i
n
u
s
o
i
d
a
l
PW
M
s
c
h
e
m
e
,
t
o
ac
h
ie
v
e
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
h
al
f
cy
cl
e
(
PHC
)
o
f
in
v
er
te
d
AC
s
ig
n
al,
t
h
e
S1
a
n
d
S
4
s
wit
c
h
es
a
r
e
ON
,
an
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
n
e
g
at
iv
e
h
al
f
cy
cl
e
(
NHC
)
,
t
h
e
S
2
a
n
d
S
3
a
r
e
a
cti
v
ate
d
.
T
h
e
v
a
r
ia
ti
o
n
i
n
d
u
ty
c
y
c
le
t
o
ac
h
ie
v
e
s
i
n
u
s
o
i
d
al
o
u
t
p
u
t,
v
al
u
e
o
f
Kf
ac
t
o
r
,
a
n
d
a
r
r
a
y
v
al
u
e
o
f
l
o
o
k
-
u
p
ta
b
l
es
ar
e
u
s
e
d
.
T
h
is
s
ch
em
e
u
s
es AC
li
n
e
v
o
lta
g
e
as V
AC
f
e
ed
b
ac
k
in
p
u
t;
s
i
n
u
s
o
i
d
al
AC
l
in
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
is
a
ch
ie
v
e
d
.
2
.
2
.
Ca
s
e
I
I
:
Rec
t
if
ica
t
i
o
n a
nd
inv
er
s
io
n o
f
bo
t
h o
pera
t
io
ns
us
i
ng
t
he
SPWM
s
chem
e
Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
ch
em
atic
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
s
ch
e
m
e
f
o
r
C
ase
I
I
,
wh
er
e
r
ec
tif
icatio
n
an
d
in
v
er
s
io
n
o
p
er
atio
n
s
ar
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
SP
W
M
s
ch
em
e.
On
ly
l
o
wer
s
witch
es
S2
an
d
S4
o
f
th
e
b
i
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
co
n
v
e
r
ter
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
r
ec
tific
atio
n
.
Up
p
er
s
witch
es
S1
an
d
S3
ac
t
as
d
io
d
es
to
p
ass
cu
r
r
en
t
to
co
m
p
lete
th
e
cir
cu
it
p
ath
.
I
n
t
h
e
SP
W
M
s
ch
em
e,
th
e
d
u
ty
c
y
cle
in
cr
ea
s
es
s
lo
wly
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
win
g
at
th
e
in
p
u
t sid
e
is
less
o
r
is
in
th
e
d
u
ty
cy
cle
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
.
Du
e
to
th
is
,
th
e
P
F o
f
th
e
f
r
o
n
t
-
e
n
d
co
n
v
e
r
ter
is
less
,
an
d
th
e
tim
e
r
e
q
u
ir
e
d
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
is
s
o
m
ewh
at
m
o
r
e.
T
h
is
s
ch
em
e
u
s
es
DC
l
in
k
v
o
ltag
e
as
an
in
p
u
t
ca
lled
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e,
an
d
b
ased
o
n
i
t,
all
th
e
r
ec
tific
atio
n
p
ar
a
m
et
er
s
ar
e
ac
h
iev
ed
.
I
n
an
in
v
er
s
io
n
o
p
er
atio
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
SP
W
M
s
ch
em
e,
all
f
o
u
r
s
witch
es,
S1
,
S2
,
S3
,
an
d
S4
,
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
a
PHC
o
f
in
v
er
ted
AC
s
ig
n
al,
S1
,
an
d
S4
s
witch
es
ar
e
ON,
an
d
f
o
r
a
NHC,
S2
,
an
d
S3
ar
e
ac
tiv
ated
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
in
d
u
ty
cy
cle
to
ac
h
iev
e
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
o
u
tp
u
t,
v
alu
e
o
f
Kf
ac
to
r
,
an
d
ar
r
ay
v
alu
e
o
f
lo
o
k
-
u
p
tab
les
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
T
h
is
s
ch
em
e
u
s
es
AC
lin
e
v
o
ltag
e
as
in
p
u
t,
ca
lled
VAC
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
b
ased
o
n
its
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
AC
lin
e
v
o
ltag
e
ac
h
iev
e
d
.
T
h
is
s
ch
em
e
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
th
e
s
am
e
way
as im
p
lem
en
ted
in
C
ase
I
in
v
er
s
io
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
s
ch
em
atic
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
s
ch
em
e
in
C
ase
I
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
B
lo
ck
s
ch
em
atic
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
g
g
ested
s
ch
em
e
in
C
ase
I
I
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
25
:
55
-
63
58
3.
DE
S
I
G
N
AND
M
O
D
E
L
I
NG
O
F
T
H
E
SYS
T
E
M
3
.
1
.
M
o
delin
g
o
f
s
wit
ch
a
nd
d
riv
er
T
h
e
I
GB
T
s
witch
(
I
R
F4
G5
0
W
D)
is
u
s
ed
a
s
a
s
w
itch
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
h
ig
h
er
s
witch
in
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
a
n
d
lar
g
er
cu
r
r
en
t
c
o
n
d
u
ctio
n
ca
p
ac
ity
.
T
h
e
I
GB
T
ca
n
o
p
e
r
ate
at
a
lar
g
er
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
an
d
h
an
d
le
m
o
r
e
p
o
wer
.
T
h
e
I
GB
T
s
witch
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
ac
tiv
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
Ou
t
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1
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x
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ig
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ates
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t r
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4
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t r
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f
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r
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I
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2
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ates
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d
ia,
i
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sp
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ti
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ly
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d
a
P
h
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D.
d
e
g
r
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e
in
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lec
tro
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&
tele
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o
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m
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n
ica
ti
o
n
e
n
g
in
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ri
n
g
fro
m
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ra
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ti
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d
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h
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s
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in
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s rep
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tec
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l
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tes
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is
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rk
in
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s
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ss
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r
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h
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tro
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o
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m
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n
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sin
c
e
2
0
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.
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a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
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lu
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rters
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o
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tro
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ics
.
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c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
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:
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h
u
l
.
m
a
p
a
ri@p
c
c
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r.
in
.
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ish
o
r
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n
g
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re
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r
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g
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.
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),
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f
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tro
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,
fr
o
m
t
h
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h
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ra
sh
tra
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,
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lg
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o
n
,
i
n
2
0
1
0
.
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is
th
e
re
c
ip
ien
t
o
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ld
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fo
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h
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n
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ra
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lt
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lete
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h
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r
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n
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h
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s
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h
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ll
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re
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iza
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h
n
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q
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s
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h
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s
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ish
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v
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s
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ted
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n
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rs
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t
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rn
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ti
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l
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n
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re
n
c
e
s.
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c
a
n
b
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c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
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m
a
il
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ish
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r
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b
h
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n
g
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n
.
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tri
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b
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ra
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d
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n
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tri
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l
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sy
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m
)
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m
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rn
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t
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u
n
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n
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i
v
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rsity
)
i
n
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h
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d
d
o
n
e
a
P
h
.
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.
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n
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tri
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l
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g
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n
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rin
g
fro
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re
sh
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y
a
n
Vih
a
r
Un
iv
e
rsity
Ja
ip
u
r
(
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jas
th
a
n
)
in
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0
2
1
.
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re
se
a
rc
h
a
re
a
is
e
lec
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
s.
He
is
p
re
se
n
tl
y
wo
rk
in
g
a
s
a
n
a
ss
o
c
iate
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ro
fe
ss
o
r
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n
d
h
e
a
d
,
o
f
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
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g
in
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e
ri
n
g
,
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ru
t
v
a
h
in
i
C
o
ll
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g
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o
f
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n
g
in
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e
rin
g
,
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a
n
g
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m
n
e
r,
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a
v
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tri
b
a
i
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h
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le
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u
n
e
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
P
u
n
e
,
M
a
h
a
ra
sh
tra,
In
d
ia.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
su
n
il
k
a
d
lag
5
6
7
5
@
g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
Dr
.
Ra
k
e
sh
S
h
r
iwa
st
a
v
a
o
b
tain
e
d
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
sp
e
c
ializin
g
i
n
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
d
r
iv
e
s fro
m
RT
M
Na
g
p
u
r
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
(
In
d
ia) i
n
2
0
1
7
.
He
o
c
c
u
p
ied
v
a
ri
o
u
s
p
o
siti
o
n
s
t
o
s
e
rv
e
th
e
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
i
n
stit
u
tes
fo
r
a
b
o
u
t
2
4
y
e
a
rs.
He
i
s
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
wo
r
k
in
g
a
s
P
r
o
fe
ss
o
r
in
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
G
o
v
i
n
d
ra
o
Wan
jari
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
&
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Na
g
p
u
r
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
th
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
o
f
e
lec
tr
ica
l
d
riv
e
s,
p
a
rti
c
u
larly
i
n
h
y
b
rid
a
n
d
e
lec
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
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h
a
s
se
v
e
ra
l
p
u
b
li
c
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ti
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n
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ti
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l
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tern
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t
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u
rn
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ls.
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a
tt
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n
d
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d
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tern
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ti
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l
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n
d
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ti
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n
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l
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o
n
fe
r
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n
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s
a
n
d
a
lso
wo
rk
e
d
a
s
a
ju
r
y
m
e
m
b
e
r.
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is
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
ro
fe
ss
io
n
a
l
b
o
d
ies
su
c
h
a
s
IS
TE
a
n
d
IAENG
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
ra
k
e
sh
_
sh
riwa
sta
v
a
@re
d
iffma
il
.
c
o
m
.
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