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p
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I
SS
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pp
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1
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[
3
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On
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5
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Nev
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I
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2252
-
8
7
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2
A
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(
Otma
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)
213
m
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ib
u
tes
to
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
in
is
o
lated
s
ites
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
o
u
r
m
ain
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
m
o
d
el
an
d
o
p
tim
ize
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
an
d
win
d
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
ch
ain
s
alo
n
g
with
an
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
o
en
h
an
ce
th
e
e
f
f
icien
c
y
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
ie
d
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
PV
)
/
win
d
/b
atter
y
s
y
s
tem
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
an
e
n
er
g
y
f
lo
w
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
tr
ateg
y
u
s
in
g
a
m
u
ltid
ir
ec
tio
n
al
d
ir
ec
t
c
u
r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
b
u
s
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
elec
tr
ical
lo
ad
s
u
p
p
ly
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
o
wer
g
en
e
r
ated
b
y
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
th
e
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
b
atter
ies.
Als
o
,
we
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
b
atter
y
s
y
s
tem
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
o
p
tim
ize
its
u
s
ag
e
an
d
m
a
n
ag
e
ch
ar
g
e/d
is
ch
ar
g
e
m
o
d
es,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
v
ia
a
b
i
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
ter
.
I
n
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
,
th
er
e
a
r
e
m
an
y
s
tu
d
ies
d
ev
o
ted
to
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
o
f
a
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
em
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
an
d
o
th
er
s
o
n
in
te
llig
en
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
s
u
ch
as
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
(
FL)
,
ar
t
if
icial
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
(
ANN)
,
an
d
g
en
etic
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
GA)
.
I
n
g
en
er
al,
th
ese
m
an
ag
em
en
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
o
wer
b
alan
ce
eq
u
ati
o
n
.
Sab
ir
i
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
en
er
g
y
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
f
o
r
a
m
u
lti
-
s
o
u
r
ce
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
a
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
(
DFI
G)
,
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
els
(
PV)
,
an
d
b
atter
ies.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
u
s
es
a
s
y
n
th
esis
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
th
e
s
tates
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
b
atter
ies
to
m
an
ag
e
en
er
g
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
h
ar
m
o
n
y
wit
h
th
e
lo
a
d
an
d
th
e
b
atter
ies
v
i
a
a
m
u
ltid
ir
ec
tio
n
al
DC
b
u
s
.
L
ag
o
u
ir
et
al
.
[
1
5
]
p
r
esen
ted
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
two
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
s
tr
ateg
ies
b
ased
o
n
th
e
Petr
i
n
et
(
PN)
an
d
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
(
FL
)
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l
an
AC
/DC
h
y
b
r
i
d
m
icr
o
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
s
y
s
tem
d
ev
elo
p
ed
tak
es
in
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t
p
o
wer
b
ala
n
cin
g
,
th
e
lim
ited
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
lo
a
d
s
h
ed
d
in
g
an
d
th
e
g
r
id
s
u
p
p
ly
lim
itatio
n
.
Z
er
k
et
al
.
[
1
6
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
th
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
o
f
a
PV/
win
d
/b
atter
y
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
s
tr
ateg
y
d
ev
elo
p
ed
is
b
ased
o
n
c
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
DC
b
u
s
an
d
m
a
n
ag
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
en
er
g
y
u
s
in
g
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic.
Das
an
d
Ak
ella
[
1
7
]
h
av
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
co
n
t
r
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
to
m
an
ag
e
th
e
p
o
wer
f
lo
w
o
f
a
PV/
win
d
/b
atter
y
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
to
b
alan
ce
en
e
r
g
y
g
en
er
atio
n
an
d
lo
ad
p
o
wer
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
ateg
y
u
s
es
a
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
t
o
ch
ar
g
e
o
r
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
th
e
b
att
er
ies
in
o
r
d
er
to
s
u
p
p
r
ess
th
e
p
o
wer
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
,
p
r
o
v
id
e
q
u
ality
p
o
wer
to
th
e
l
o
ad
an
d
m
ai
n
tain
th
e
b
atter
ies
s
tate
o
f
c
h
ar
g
e
(
SOC
)
with
in
au
th
o
r
ized
lim
its
.
R
o
u
m
ila
et
al
.
[
1
8
]
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
tellig
en
t
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
o
f
a
win
d
/p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic/d
iesel
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
with
s
to
r
ag
e
b
atter
ies.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
in
tellig
en
t
tech
n
iq
u
e,
allo
ws
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
y
s
tem
o
p
e
r
atin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
wea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
also
to
c
o
n
tr
o
l
th
e
s
tate
o
f
ch
ar
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
in
o
r
d
er
to
a
v
o
id
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
s
an
d
ex
ten
d
th
e
b
atter
y
lif
e.
Ser
ir
et
al
.
[
1
9
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
an
d
e
n
er
g
y
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
f
a
m
u
lti
-
s
o
u
r
ce
p
u
m
p
in
g
s
y
s
tem
with
s
to
r
ag
e
b
atter
ies.
T
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
allo
ws
to
m
an
a
g
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
es
an
d
t
o
m
ee
t
th
e
elec
tr
ical
lo
ad
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
ef
f
icien
t
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
b
atter
ies.
I
n
o
u
r
ca
s
e,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
e
n
er
g
y
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
s
tr
ateg
y
is
b
ased
o
n
a
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
d
e
v
elo
p
e
d
b
y
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic.
T
h
is
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
allo
ws
u
s
to
co
n
f
ig
u
r
e
s
ev
er
al
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
es
t
o
b
etter
m
ee
t
th
e
elec
tr
ical
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
s
,
t
ak
in
g
i
n
to
ac
c
o
u
n
t
th
e
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
th
e
lo
ad
p
o
wer
,
a
n
d
th
e
b
atter
ies s
tate
o
f
ch
ar
g
e.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
as
f
o
l
lo
ws:
in
th
e
n
ex
t
s
ec
tio
n
,
we
p
r
esen
t
a
s
tu
d
ie
d
s
y
s
tem
d
esc
r
ip
tio
n
a
n
d
m
o
d
elin
g
.
T
h
en
,
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
,
we
p
r
esen
t
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
e
n
er
g
y
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
s
tr
ateg
y
t
o
o
p
tim
ize
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
s
im
u
latio
n
b
y
ap
p
l
y
in
g
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
also
p
r
esen
ted
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
,
to
s
h
o
w
th
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atio
n
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
iab
l
e
wea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
5
,
we
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
.
Fin
ally
,
in
s
ec
tio
n
6
,
a
g
en
er
al
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
u
m
m
ar
izin
g
th
e
m
ain
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
is
g
iv
en
,
as we
ll a
s
s
o
m
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es e
n
v
is
ag
ed
i
n
o
u
r
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
s
will b
e
p
r
esen
te
d
.
2.
H
YB
RID
E
N
E
RG
Y
SY
ST
E
M
:
DE
S
CRIP
T
I
O
N
AN
D
M
O
DE
L
I
NG
I
n
th
e
liter
atu
r
e,
d
if
f
er
en
t
ar
ch
itectu
r
es
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
e
en
er
g
y
n
ee
d
s
d
em
an
d
ed
b
y
s
tan
d
-
alo
n
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
is
o
lated
an
d
r
em
o
te
s
ites
[
9
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e
is
p
r
esen
t
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
t
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
two
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
an
d
win
d
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
p
r
im
a
r
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
en
er
g
y
to
s
u
p
p
ly
a
DC
lo
ad
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
m
u
ltid
ir
ec
tio
n
al
DC
b
u
s
.
Sin
ce
t
h
ese
two
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
d
ep
en
d
o
n
wea
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
i
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
s
o
lar
ir
r
a
d
i
atio
n
,
an
d
win
d
s
p
ee
d
,
a
s
to
r
a
g
e
s
y
s
tem
is
u
s
ed
as
an
au
x
iliar
y
s
o
u
r
ce
to
s
u
p
p
ly
th
e
elec
tr
ical
lo
ad
w
h
en
th
e
r
e
is
a
lack
o
f
p
o
wer
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
b
o
th
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
an
d
win
d
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
g
u
ar
an
tee
au
to
n
o
m
y
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
en
er
g
y
s
u
p
p
l
y
wh
atev
e
r
th
e
w
ea
th
er
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
All
th
r
ee
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
DC
b
u
s
v
i
a
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
s
tatic
co
n
v
e
r
ter
s
,
a
DC
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b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
th
e
g
en
e
r
ato
r
s
an
d
a
b
u
ck
/
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
f
o
r
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
b
atter
ies.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
with
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
b
etter
ex
p
lo
itin
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
,
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
25
:
212
-
2
2
3
214
ar
e
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
PV
an
d
wi
n
d
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
s
,
as
well
as
to
m
an
ag
e
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
en
er
g
y
f
lo
w
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l th
e
s
t
o
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
,
a
d
etailed
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
Hy
b
r
id
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
2
.
1
.
M
o
delin
g
o
f
P
V
s
y
s
t
e
m
T
h
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
co
n
tain
s
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
an
els
an
d
a
DC
/DC
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
as
an
ad
ap
tatio
n
in
ter
f
ac
e
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
PV
g
en
er
ato
r
an
d
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
lo
ad
.
Gen
e
r
ally
,
a
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
g
en
er
ato
r
is
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
s
ev
er
al
p
h
o
to
v
o
lta
ic
ce
lls
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
s
er
i
es a
n
d
/o
r
in
p
ar
allel
to
o
b
tain
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
p
o
wer
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t.
A
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ce
ll
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
a
p
-
n
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
ju
n
ctio
n
wh
ic
h
,
th
an
k
s
to
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
ef
f
ec
t,
co
n
v
er
ts
s
o
lar
i
r
r
ad
iati
o
n
d
i
r
ec
tly
in
to
elec
tr
icity
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
eq
u
i
v
alen
t
elec
tr
ical
cir
cu
it
o
f
th
e
u
s
ed
ce
ll
m
o
d
el
[
1
0
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
is
eq
u
iv
alen
t
cir
cu
it,
we
ca
n
m
o
d
el
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
-
v
o
ltag
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
(
I
-
V)
o
f
a
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
g
en
e
r
ato
r
,
wh
ic
h
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
N
p
b
r
a
n
ch
es
ass
o
ciate
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in
p
ar
allel
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d
ea
ch
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r
an
c
h
co
n
tain
s
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s
ce
lls
co
n
n
ec
ted
i
n
s
er
ies,
b
y
(
1
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[
1
0
]
.
=
ℎ
−
0
[
(
(
+
(
⁄
)
)
)
−
1
]
−
+
(
⁄
)
(
⁄
)
ℎ
(
1
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W
h
er
e
I
pv
an
d
V
pv
ar
e
t
h
e
PV
ar
r
ay
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
a
n
d
v
o
lt
ag
e,
I
ph
is
th
e
PV
ce
ll
p
h
o
to
-
c
u
r
r
en
t
(
A)
,
I
o
is
th
e
r
ev
er
s
e
s
atu
r
atio
n
cu
r
r
en
t
(
A)
,
q
is
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
ch
ar
g
e
(
1
,
6
0
2
×
10
-
19
C
)
,
A
is
th
e
d
io
d
e
id
ea
li
ty
f
ac
to
r
,
K
is
th
e
B
o
ltzm
an
n
co
n
s
tan
t
(
1
.
38
×
10
-
23
J
/K)
an
d
T
is
th
e
ce
ll
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
in
Kelv
in
(
k
)
.
T
h
e
p
h
o
to
c
u
r
r
en
t
I
ph
an
d
th
e
r
ev
er
s
e
s
atu
r
atio
n
cu
r
r
en
t
I
o
o
f
th
e
PV c
ell
ar
e
g
iv
en
b
y
(
2
)
a
n
d
(
3
)
.
ℎ
=
[
+
(
−
)
]
(
2
)
0
=
(
)
3
[
(
1
−
1
)
]
(
3
)
W
h
er
e:
I
sc
is
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
it
cu
r
r
en
t
at
n
o
m
in
al
co
n
d
itio
n
s
o
f
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
a
n
d
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
(T
ref
=
298
.
55
°K
et
G
ref
=
1000
W
/m
2
)
,
K
i
is
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
it
cu
r
r
en
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
co
ef
f
i
cien
t
in
A/°K,
E
g
i
s
th
e
b
an
d
-
g
ap
e
n
er
g
y
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
ce
ll
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
a
n
d
I
rs
is
th
e
s
atu
r
atio
n
cu
r
r
en
t
at
th
e
n
o
m
in
a
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
A
n
o
p
tima
l e
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g
eme
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r
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tter
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h
yb
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Otma
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o
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i
)
215
tem
p
er
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
PV
m
o
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le
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ed
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k
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ar
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ical
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ter
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tics
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tan
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test
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n
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itio
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s
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u
r
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2
.
E
q
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iv
alen
t c
ir
c
u
it o
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ell
T
ab
le
1
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lectr
ical
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a
r
am
eter
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f
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o
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r
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r
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t
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l
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a
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m
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TC
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m
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W
S
h
o
r
t
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i
r
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i
t
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u
r
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n
t
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sc
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8
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7
5
A
C
e
l
l
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e
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a
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d
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s
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a
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m
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m
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r
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t
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pm
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1
9
A
O
p
e
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c
i
r
c
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i
t
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g
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5
V
Te
mp
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r
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t
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t
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sc
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a
x
i
m
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pm
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3
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Te
mp
e
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f
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t
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v
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0
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°
C
2
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2
.
M
o
delin
g
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f
wind
s
y
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t
em
T
h
e
win
d
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
c
o
u
p
led
d
ir
e
ctly
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a
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er
m
a
n
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t
m
ag
n
et
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n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
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en
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ato
r
(
PMSG)
wh
ich
co
n
v
er
ts
th
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
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er
g
y
g
en
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ated
b
y
t
h
e
tu
r
b
in
e
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n
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tr
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y
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a
n
AC
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C
r
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tifie
r
to
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er
t
t
h
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AC
v
o
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o
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d
a
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b
o
o
s
t
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n
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e
r
ter
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ie
v
e
th
e
d
esire
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
p
o
wer
th
an
k
s
to
an
MPPT
co
n
tr
o
l
[
1
2
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
p
o
wer
P
m
g
en
er
ated
b
y
a
win
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
(
4
)
[
1
]
.
=
1
2
(
,
)
3
(
4
)
W
h
er
e:
V
w
is
th
e
win
d
s
p
ee
d
(
m
/s
)
,
is
th
e
air
d
e
n
s
ity
(
Kg
/m
3
)
,
S
is
th
e
r
o
to
r
b
lad
e
s
wep
t
a
r
ea
,
an
d
C
p
is
th
e
p
o
wer
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
an
d
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
a
s
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
tip
s
p
ee
d
r
atio
λ
an
d
b
lad
e
p
itch
an
g
le
β b
y
[
1
]
.
(
,
)
=
1
(
2
1
−
3
−
4
)
−
5
+
6
(
5
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W
h
er
e
,
as in
(
6
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a
n
d
(
7
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.
1
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08
−
0
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035
3
+
1
(
6
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=
(
7
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T
h
e
v
alu
es
o
f
t
h
e
co
ef
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ts
C
1
to
C
6
ar
e:
C
l
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0
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5
1
7
6
,
C
2
=
1
1
6
,
C
3
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0
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4
,
C
4
=
5
,
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5
=
2
1
an
d
C
6
=
0
.
0
0
6
8
.
R
is
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
r
o
to
r
r
ad
iu
s
in
m
eter
s
(
m
)
an
d
is
th
e
win
d
tu
r
b
i
n
e
r
o
to
r
s
p
ee
d
.
T
h
e
m
ec
h
an
ical
to
r
q
u
e
T
m
a
p
p
lied
to
th
e
elec
tr
ical
g
en
e
r
ato
r
is
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
(
8
)
.
=
=
1
2
3
(
,
)
2
(
8
)
T
ab
le
2
s
u
m
m
ar
izes th
e
tec
h
n
i
ca
l p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
t
h
e
win
d
tu
r
b
in
e
an
d
th
e
PMSG g
en
er
ato
r
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Par
am
eter
s
o
f
win
d
t
u
r
b
in
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a
n
d
PMSG
Th
e
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
i
n
e
P
M
S
G
g
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n
e
r
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t
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r
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r
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l
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r
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l
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n
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l
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I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
25
:
212
-
2
2
3
216
2
.
3
.
M
o
delin
g
o
f
s
t
o
r
a
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s
y
s
t
em
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n
a
h
y
b
r
id
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
,
an
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
a
g
e
s
y
s
tem
is
n
ee
d
ed
to
m
ee
t
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
d
em
a
n
d
wh
en
th
e
PV
an
d
win
d
s
o
u
r
ce
s
b
ec
o
m
e
u
n
ab
le
to
tr
ac
k
it
d
u
e
to
clim
ate
ch
an
g
es
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
c
ip
le
is
to
s
to
r
e
th
e
s
u
r
p
lu
s
en
er
g
y
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
t
h
e
PV
an
d
win
d
s
y
s
tem
s
as
el
ec
tr
o
ch
em
ical
en
er
g
y
a
n
d
r
ec
o
v
er
it
as
elec
tr
ical
en
er
g
y
wh
en
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
two
s
o
u
r
ce
s
is
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
elec
tr
ical
lo
ad
n
ee
d
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
ty
p
es o
f
b
atter
ies n
am
ely
,
lead
-
ac
id
,
n
ick
el
-
ca
d
m
iu
m
,
an
d
lith
iu
m
-
io
n
.
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
to
u
s
e
L
i
-
io
n
b
atter
ies
[
1
0
]
wh
i
ch
ar
e
h
ig
h
ly
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
an
d
p
r
ef
e
r
ab
le
o
v
e
r
o
th
er
b
at
ter
ies
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
h
av
e
h
ig
h
e
n
er
g
y
d
en
s
ity
,
h
i
g
h
o
p
er
ati
n
g
v
o
ltag
e
,
lo
w
elec
tr
ical
lo
s
s
es
,
an
d
lo
n
g
life
(
u
p
to
2
0
y
ea
r
s
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t
cir
cu
it
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
n
o
n
-
lin
ea
r
m
o
d
el
[
2
1
]
.
Fro
m
th
is
eq
u
iv
alen
t
cir
cu
it,
th
e
b
atter
y
v
o
ltag
e
V
bat
(
V)
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
[
2
2
]
.
=
−
.
|
|
(
9
)
W
h
er
e
I
bat
is
th
e
b
atter
y
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(
A)
an
d
R
int
is
th
e
in
ter
n
al
r
esis
tan
ce
(
Ω
)
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
lled
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
E
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
b
atter
y
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
e,
ch
ar
g
in
g
o
r
d
is
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
,
an
d
its
ac
tu
al
s
tate
o
f
ch
ar
g
e
(
SOC
)
.
I
t is g
iv
en
b
y
(
1
0
)
an
d
(
1
1
)
[
2
3
]
.
ℎ
=
0
−
.
−
.
∗
−
.
−
.
+
.
(
−
.
)
(
1
0
)
ℎ
=
0
−
.
0
.
1
−
.
∗
−
.
−
.
+
.
(
−
.
)
(
1
1
)
T
h
e
b
atter
y
s
tate
o
f
c
h
ar
g
e
(
S
OC
)
is
th
e
r
atio
b
etwe
en
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
th
e
b
atter
y
q
a
n
d
its
m
ax
im
u
m
ca
p
ac
ity
Q,
it is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as a
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
(
%)
b
y
(
1
2
)
[
1
7
]
.
=
100
(
1
−
∫
.
0
)
(
1
2
)
W
h
er
e
E
0
is
th
e
b
atter
y
co
n
s
ta
n
t
v
o
ltag
e
(
V)
;
K
is
th
e
p
o
lar
i
za
tio
n
co
n
s
tan
t
(
Ah
)
-
1
;
Q
is
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
b
atter
y
ca
p
ac
ity
(
Ah
)
;
=
∫
.
0
is
th
e
ac
tu
al
b
atter
y
ch
ar
g
e
(
Ah
)
;
i
*
is
th
e
lo
w
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
cu
r
r
en
t
(
A)
;
A
is
th
e
ex
p
o
n
e
n
tial
v
o
ltag
e
(
V)
;
an
d
B
is
th
e
ex
p
o
n
en
tial
ca
p
ac
ity
(
Ah
)
-
1
.
Fo
r
b
etter
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
SOC
m
u
s
t
b
e
lim
ited
b
etwe
e
n
two
p
r
ed
e
f
in
ed
lev
els,
≤
≤
,
to
av
o
id
o
v
er
ch
ar
g
in
g
o
r
d
ee
p
d
is
ch
ar
g
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
b
atter
ies.
Fo
r
b
atter
y
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
e
co
n
tr
o
l,
ch
a
r
g
in
g
o
r
d
is
ch
a
r
g
in
g
,
an
d
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
,
we
a
d
d
ed
a
b
u
ck
-
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
to
th
e
s
t
o
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
[
2
4
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
No
n
-
lin
ea
r
b
atter
y
m
o
d
el
2
.
4
.
B
o
o
s
t
c
o
nv
er
t
er
m
o
delin
g
T
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
a
d
a
p
ta
t
i
o
n
b
e
twe
e
n
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
c
es
a
n
d
t
h
e
el
e
c
t
r
ic
a
l
l
o
a
d
s
,
t
h
u
s
t
h
e
o
p
t
i
m
iz
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
i
r
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
M
P
P
T
co
n
t
r
o
l
,
a
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
i
s
u
s
ed
[
9
]
,
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
I
t
i
s
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
ed
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
a
n
d
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
a
n
d
w
i
n
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
c
h
a
i
n
s
,
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
i
t
o
p
er
a
t
e
s
i
n
DC
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
m
o
d
e
a
n
d
a
l
l
o
w
s
c
o
n
v
e
r
ti
n
g
a
l
o
w
i
n
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
t
o
a
h
i
g
h
e
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
e
x
tr
a
c
t
a
s
m
u
c
h
p
o
w
er
a
s
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
r
at
o
r
s
.
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
at
e
s
t
h
e
e
q
u
i
v
al
e
n
t
c
i
r
c
u
it
o
f
t
h
e
b
o
o
s
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
te
r
[
2
5
]
.
Fro
m
th
is
cir
cu
it,
we
ca
n
d
ed
u
ce
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
V
in
(
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
PV o
r
win
d
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
)
a
n
d
th
e
co
n
v
er
te
r
o
u
t
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e
V
out
,
wh
ich
is
wr
itten
as
(
1
3
)
[
1
]
.
=
1
−
(
1
3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
A
n
o
p
tima
l e
n
erg
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t str
a
teg
y
fo
r
a
s
ta
n
d
-
a
l
o
n
e
P
V
/
w
in
d
/b
a
tter
y
h
yb
r
id
…
(
Otma
n
e
Zeb
r
a
o
u
i
)
217
T
h
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
d
u
ty
cy
cle
D
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
s
witch
in
g
d
ev
ice
Q,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
clo
s
ed
if
D
=
1
o
r
o
p
en
f
o
r
D
=
0
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
(
1
4
)
a
n
d
(
1
5
)
[
1
2
]
.
=
1
[
−
(
1
−
)
]
(
1
4
)
=
1
[
(
1
−
)
−
]
(
1
5
)
W
h
er
e
D
is
th
e
d
u
ty
cy
cle
(
D
pv
o
r
D
Wind
)
;
i
L
is
th
e
in
d
u
cto
r
c
u
r
r
en
t
;
an
d
i
load
is
th
e
lo
ad
c
u
r
r
en
t.
2
.
5
.
B
uck
-
bo
o
s
t
co
nv
er
t
er
mo
delin
g
I
n
a
s
tan
d
-
al
o
n
e
h
y
b
r
id
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
with
s
to
r
ag
e,
a
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
DC
/DC
co
n
v
er
ter
is
u
s
ed
as
an
ad
ap
tatio
n
in
te
r
f
ac
e
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
b
atter
ies
an
d
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
DC
b
u
s
[
9
]
,
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
is
ad
ap
ta
tio
n
allo
ws
b
o
th
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
ch
ar
g
e
an
d
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
o
f
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
a
n
d
to
r
eg
u
late
th
e
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
to
a
c
o
n
s
tan
t
v
o
ltag
e
wh
atev
e
r
th
e
o
p
e
r
atin
g
m
o
d
es
an
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
All
th
is
in
o
r
d
er
,
o
n
t
h
e
o
n
e
h
an
d
,
to
o
p
tim
ize
t
h
e
b
atter
ies
o
p
er
atin
g
an
d
p
r
o
tect
th
eir
life
s
p
an
,
an
d
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
to
av
o
id
d
a
n
g
er
o
u
s
o
v
er
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
u
n
d
er
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
th
e
b
u
s
t
h
at
c
o
u
ld
d
am
ag
e
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
lo
a
d
s
,
an
d
p
o
wer
co
n
v
er
ter
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t
cir
cu
it
o
f
th
e
u
s
e
d
b
u
ck
-
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
e
r
ter
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
co
n
v
e
r
ter
d
y
n
am
ics
m
o
d
el
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
(
1
6
)
an
d
(
1
7
)
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
6
]
.
=
−
(
1
−
)
+
(
1
6
)
=
(
1
−
)
−
(
1
7
)
W
h
er
e
i
bat
is
th
e
b
atter
y
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(
A)
;
V
bus
is
th
e
D
C
l
in
k
v
o
ltag
e
(
V)
;
V
bat
is
th
e
b
atter
y
v
o
ltag
e
(
V)
;
i
bus
is
th
e
b
u
s
DC
cu
r
r
en
t
;
an
d
D
is
th
e
d
u
ty
cy
cle
co
n
tr
o
l (
U
Q1
o
r
U
Q2
).
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
E
q
u
iv
alen
t
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
cir
c
u
it
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
E
q
u
iv
alen
t
b
u
ck
-
b
o
o
s
t c
o
n
v
er
ter
cir
c
u
it
3.
E
NE
RG
Y
M
AN
AG
E
M
E
N
T
SYST
E
M
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
PV/
win
d
/b
atter
ies
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
PV
an
d
w
in
d
g
en
er
at
o
r
s
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
m
ain
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
s
u
p
p
l
y
in
g
th
e
elec
tr
ical
lo
ad
,
an
d
ch
ar
g
in
g
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
b
atter
ies
with
s
u
r
p
lu
s
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
ey
o
p
er
ate
eith
er
i
n
s
in
g
le
-
s
o
u
r
ce
o
r
b
i
-
s
o
u
r
ce
m
o
d
e
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
r
eq
u
ested
lo
a
d
.
W
h
en
b
o
th
PV
an
d
w
in
d
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
n
o
t
m
ee
t
th
e
en
er
g
y
d
em
a
n
d
d
u
e
to
cli
m
ate
ch
an
g
es
(
s
o
lar
i
r
r
ad
iati
o
n
,
tem
p
e
r
at
u
r
e
,
a
n
d
win
d
s
p
ee
d
)
,
b
atter
ies
ac
t
as
a
b
ac
k
u
p
s
o
u
r
ce
to
s
u
p
p
ly
t
h
e
lo
ad
with
s
to
r
ed
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
lo
a
d
is
s
u
p
p
lied
v
ia
a
m
u
ltid
ir
ec
tio
n
al
DC
b
u
s
,
wh
ich
allo
ws
th
an
k
s
to
s
wi
tch
es
to
m
an
ag
e
th
e
en
er
g
y
f
lo
w
d
ir
ec
tio
n
b
etwe
en
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
th
e
elec
t
r
ical
l
o
ad
.
I
n
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
en
s
u
r
in
g
a
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
an
d
a
b
etter
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
e
n
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
we
h
av
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
an
e
n
er
g
y
f
lo
w
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
s
tr
ateg
y
v
ia
th
e
m
u
ltid
ir
ec
tio
n
al
DC
b
u
s
.
A
b
atter
y
s
y
s
tem
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
also
o
f
f
er
ed
to
m
an
ag
e
th
eir
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
es,
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
eir
u
s
e
,
a
n
d
r
e
g
u
lat
e
th
e
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
b
u
c
k
-
b
o
o
s
t b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
c
o
n
v
er
ter
.
3
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
ener
g
y
f
lo
w
ma
na
g
em
ent
B
ased
o
n
t
h
e
s
tu
d
i
e
d
h
y
b
r
i
d
s
y
s
te
m
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
e
an
d
t
h
e
e
x
p
l
o
it
ed
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
,
w
e
c
h
o
s
e
t
o
u
s
e
a
h
ie
r
ar
ch
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a
n
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g
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t
s
t
r
a
t
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n
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f
o
r
m
b
ase
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o
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
o
w
er
b
al
an
c
e.
T
h
e
o
r
i
en
tat
io
n
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
e
n
e
r
g
y
f
lo
w
is
b
ase
d
o
n
t
h
e
p
o
we
r
l
e
v
el
d
e
m
a
n
d
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
l
o
a
d
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
l
ev
el
g
en
er
at
ed
b
y
b
o
t
h
PV
a
n
d
w
in
d
s
u
b
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
an
k
s
to
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
f
t
h
e
m
u
l
tid
ir
ec
t
io
n
a
l
DC
b
u
s
s
wit
c
h
es
,
th
e
s
y
s
t
em
c
an
b
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
e
d
i
n
eit
h
e
r
s
i
n
g
le
-
s
o
u
r
c
e
o
r
m
u
l
ti
-
s
o
u
r
c
e
m
o
d
e
.
Fo
r
th
e
s
in
g
l
e
-
s
o
u
r
ce
m
o
d
e
,
th
e
l
o
ad
is
s
u
p
p
li
ed
o
n
l
y
b
y
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
t
wo
s
o
u
r
ce
s
(
P
V
o
r
wi
n
d
)
d
e
p
e
n
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
r
e
q
u
est
ed
p
o
w
er
,
a
n
d
th
e
s
u
r
p
l
u
s
en
er
g
y
is
s
t
o
r
ed
i
n
th
e
b
at
te
r
ies
.
F
o
r
th
e
m
u
lti
-
s
o
u
r
ce
m
o
d
e
,
in
t
h
e
c
ase
wh
er
e
t
h
e
r
eq
u
este
d
l
o
a
d
p
o
we
r
is
g
r
e
ate
r
th
an
t
h
e
p
o
we
r
p
r
o
d
u
c
ed
b
y
th
e
tw
o
s
u
b
s
y
s
te
m
s
in
d
i
v
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d
u
a
ll
y
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t
h
e
t
wo
s
o
u
r
c
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ar
e
u
s
ed
s
i
m
u
lt
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e
o
u
s
ly
t
o
s
u
p
p
l
y
t
h
e
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o
ad
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
1
,
Ma
r
ch
20
25
:
212
-
2
2
3
218
th
e
e
x
ce
s
s
e
n
e
r
g
y
w
ill
b
e
s
to
r
ed
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ies
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M
o
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eo
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in
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ase
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em
a
n
d
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e
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o
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r
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l
e
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y
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o
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h
s
o
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r
ce
s
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t
h
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a
tte
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es
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t
as
a
b
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p
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r
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ee
t t
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e
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s
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s
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r
e
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
'
s
a
u
t
o
n
o
m
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
m
an
ag
em
en
t
s
tr
ateg
y
;
it
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
p
o
wer
r
e
q
u
ested
b
y
th
e
lo
ad
(
P
load
)
a
n
d
p
o
wer
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
b
o
th
PV
an
d
wi
n
d
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
(
P
pv
an
d
P
wind
)
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
r
d
e
r
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
t
h
is
s
tr
ateg
y
allo
w
ac
tin
g
o
n
th
e
m
u
ltid
ir
ec
tio
n
al
b
u
s
s
witch
es to
d
ir
ec
t th
e
s
y
s
tem
en
er
g
y
f
lo
w
to
s
u
p
p
ly
th
e
lo
a
d
an
d
ch
ar
g
e
o
r
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
th
e
b
atter
ies.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
en
e
r
g
y
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t stra
teg
y
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
is
s
tr
ateg
y
,
4
s
y
s
tem
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
es c
an
b
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
ed
:
-
Mo
d
e
1
(
PV sin
g
le
-
s
o
u
r
ce
)
: I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
wh
er
e
th
e
lo
ad
p
o
w
er
is
lo
wer
th
an
th
e
PV g
en
er
a
to
r
(
P
load
<
P
pv
)
,
th
e
lo
ad
is
s
u
p
p
lied
o
n
ly
b
y
t
h
e
PV
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
,
an
d
th
e
s
u
r
p
lu
s
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
t
h
is
latter
an
d
th
at
o
f
th
e
win
d
g
e
n
er
ato
r
is
o
r
ien
ted
to
war
d
s
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
ch
ar
g
in
g
.
-
Mo
d
e
2
(
win
d
s
in
g
le
-
s
o
u
r
ce
)
:
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
wh
er
e
th
e
l
o
ad
p
o
wer
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
th
e
PV
g
en
e
r
ato
r
an
d
lo
wer
th
an
th
e
win
d
g
e
n
er
ato
r
(
P
pv
<
P
load
<
P
wind
)
,
th
e
lo
ad
is
s
u
p
p
lied
o
n
ly
b
y
th
e
win
d
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
,
an
d
th
e
ex
ce
s
s
en
er
g
y
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
b
o
th
PV a
n
d
win
d
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
will b
e
s
to
r
ed
in
th
e
b
atter
ies.
-
Mo
d
e
3
(
PV/win
d
h
y
b
r
id
-
s
o
u
r
ce
)
:
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
wh
e
r
e
t
h
e
lo
a
d
p
o
wer
is
lo
wer
th
a
n
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
two
PV
an
d
win
d
g
en
er
ato
r
s
(
P
load
<
P
pv
+
P
wind
)
,
th
e
lo
ad
will
b
e
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
b
o
th
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
,
an
d
t
h
e
s
u
r
p
lu
s
en
er
g
y
is
o
r
ien
ted
t
o
war
d
s
th
e
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
.
-
Mo
d
e
4
(
PV/win
d
/b
atter
ies
h
y
b
r
id
s
y
s
tem
)
:
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
wh
er
e
th
e
lo
ad
p
o
wer
is
g
r
ea
ter
th
an
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
two
PV
an
d
win
d
g
en
er
at
o
r
s
(
P
load
>
P
pv
+
P
wind
)
,
th
e
lo
a
d
will
b
e
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
b
o
th
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
en
e
r
g
y
s
to
r
ed
in
t
h
e
b
att
er
ies to
m
ee
t th
e
d
em
a
n
d
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
T
o
r
ea
lize
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
en
e
r
g
y
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t
s
tr
ateg
y
,
we
ch
o
s
e
to
u
s
e
th
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
tech
n
iq
u
e
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
s
im
p
licity
an
d
h
ig
h
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
ws
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
is
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
Ma
m
d
an
i’
s
f
u
zz
y
i
n
f
er
en
ce
with
th
e
Min
-
Ma
x
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
f
u
zz
if
icatio
n
an
d
th
e
ce
n
ter
o
f
g
r
av
ity
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
d
ef
u
zz
if
icatio
n
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
h
as
th
r
ee
i
n
p
u
ts
:
(
P
pv
-
P
load
)
,
(
P
wind
-
P
load
)
,
an
d
(
P
sr
-
P
load
)
,
an
d
o
n
l
y
o
n
e
o
u
tp
u
t
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
e
(
MF)
.
Fig
u
r
es
8
(
a
)
-
8
(
c)
s
h
o
w
th
e
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
in
p
u
t
v
ar
ia
b
les,
wh
ile
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
d
)
s
h
o
ws
t
h
o
s
e
f
o
r
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ar
iab
le.
T
h
e
in
p
u
ts
h
av
e
tw
o
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
:
n
eg
ativ
e
(
N)
an
d
p
o
s
itiv
e
(
P).
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
h
as
f
o
u
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
:
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
e
1
(
MF1
)
,
o
p
e
r
atin
g
m
o
d
e
2
(
MF2
)
,
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
e
3
(
MF3
)
,
an
d
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
e
4
(
MF4
)
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
an
d
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
co
n
f
ig
u
r
e
a
ll
p
o
s
s
ib
le
o
p
er
atin
g
m
o
d
es o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
,
a
r
u
les li
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ates th
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